PMID- 42543573 OWN - NLM STAT- Publisher LR - 20260803 IS - 1884-2836 (Electronic) IS - 1344-6304 (Linking) DP - 2026 Jul 31 TI - Long COVID symptom trajectories according to post-COVID-19 vaccination status: a prospective longitudinal study. LID - 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2026.021 [doi] AB - Long COVID remains a substantial public health challenge, and the relationship between post-COVID-19 vaccination and symptom persistence remains uncertain. This prospective longitudinal study evaluated long COVID symptom trajectories according to post-COVID-19 vaccination status. Adult patients who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months and categorized according to vaccination status. Symptom Tool (ST) and Impact Tool (IT) scores and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were assessed longitudinally. A total of 59 patients (mean age 43.1+/-14.1 years; 45.8% male) were included, of whom eight were vaccinated. The most frequently reported symptoms were memory problems, fatigue, brain fog, word-finding difficulties, and excessive sweating. Baseline characteristics were broadly comparable between groups. ST and IT scores decreased significantly over time in the overall cohort; however, no statistically significant association between vaccination status and symptom trajectories was identified. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were higher among vaccinated participants but were not associated with symptom burden. Given the small sample size and substantial group imbalance, the study is underpowered and the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Larger prospective studies are needed to better clarify the relationship between post-COVID-19 vaccination and long COVID outcomes. FAU - Benli, Aysun AU - Benli A AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Ala Selek, Selva AU - Ala Selek S AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bagcilar Training and Education Hospital, Turkey. FAU - Basaran, Seniha AU - Basaran S AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Simsek Yavuz, Serap AU - Simsek Yavuz S AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Mese, Sevim AU - Mese S AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Cagatay, Atahan AU - Cagatay A AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Oncul, Oral AU - Oncul O AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Ozsut, Halit AU - Ozsut H AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Onel, Mustafa AU - Onel M AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Agacfidan, Ali AU - Agacfidan A AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. FAU - Eraksoy, Haluk AU - Eraksoy H AD - Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260731 PL - Japan TA - Jpn J Infect Dis JT - Japanese journal of infectious diseases JID - 100893704 SB - IM OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antibody OT - COVID-19 OT - Long COVID OT - SARS-CoV-2 IgG OT - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine EDAT- 2026/08/03 06:36 MHDA- 2026/08/03 06:36 CRDT- 2026/08/03 00:53 PHST- 2026/08/03 06:36 [medline] PHST- 2026/08/03 06:36 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/08/03 00:53 [entrez] AID - 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2026.021 [doi] PST - aheadofprint SO - Jpn J Infect Dis. 2026 Jul 31. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2026.021. PMID- 42426643 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20261006 LR - 20261008 IS - 1471-2318 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2318 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Jul 9 TI - Strict long COVID, symptom persistence, and functional decline among community-dwelling older adults in Quito, Ecuador: a cross-sectional study. LID - 10.1186/s12877-026-07976-9 [doi] LID - 1256 AB - BACKGROUND: Long COVID is an increasingly recognized health concern in older adults, yet data from Latin America remain limited. Older adults may be particularly vulnerable to post-COVID sequelae because of frailty, multimorbidity, and reduced physiological reserve. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of strict long COVID among older Ecuadorian adults and to characterize persistent post-COVID symptoms, clinical correlates, and functional/cognitive worsening. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,050 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Quito, Ecuador. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews and cognitive screening. Strict long COVID was defined as symptoms persisting for more than 12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms lasting 4-12 weeks were classified as persistent post-COVID symptoms but were not considered strict long COVID. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with strict long COVID. RESULTS: The mean age was 74.2 +/- 7.5 years, and 565 participants (53.8%) were women. Overall, 191 participants met criteria for strict long COVID, corresponding to a prevalence of 18.2% (95% CI, 16.0-20.6). Persistent post-COVID symptoms lasting 4-6 weeks and 7-12 weeks were reported by 401 (38.2%) and 458 (43.6%) participants, respectively. Participants with strict long COVID had higher frequencies of dyspnea, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, myalgia, depression, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping. Functional/cognitive worsening was more frequent among participants with strict long COVID than among those without strict long COVID (53.4% vs. 36.6%; p < 0.001), particularly for walking or climbing stairs. In multivariable analysis, severe or critical acute COVID-19 was independently associated with strict long COVID (adjusted OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.62-3.41; p < 0.001). Female sex, age >/= 81 years, incomplete vaccination, diabetes with organ involvement, hospitalization, and care dependence were not independently associated with strict long COVID. CONCLUSION: Strict long COVID affected nearly one in five older adults with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Quito, Ecuador. Severe or critical acute COVID-19 was the main factor independently associated with strict long COVID, and affected participants had greater functional/cognitive worsening. These findings support integrating post-COVID screening, functional assessment, and geriatric rehabilitation into primary care for older adults in Latin America. CI - (c) 2026. The Author(s). FAU - Gonzalez-Andrade, Fabricio AU - Gonzalez-Andrade F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2091-9095 AD - Faculty of Health Sciences, Dean's Office of Postgraduate Studies in Health, Indoamerica Technological University, Machala and Sabanilla Street, Quito, 170301, Ecuador. fabriciogonzaleza@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260709 PL - England TA - BMC Geriatr JT - BMC geriatrics JID - 100968548 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Ecuador/epidemiology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Aged MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Male MH - *Independent Living MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis/psychology/complications MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology PMC - PMC13640318 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cognitive impairment OT - Ecuador OT - Functional decline OT - Long COVID OT - Older adults OT - Persistent post-COVID symptoms OT - Post-COVID condition OT - Strict long COVID OT - Sustainable development goal 3 OT - Vaccination COIS- Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study received approval from the Committee on Ethics in Human Research (CEISH) from Carlos Andrade Marin Specialty Hospital (HCAM) on July 6, 2020, under protocol code IESS-HCAM-CEISH-2020-200-DF, in compliance with national and international research regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain identifying images or personal clinical details that could compromise participant anonymity. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2026/07/10 06:35 MHDA- 2026/10/06 05:29 PMCR- 2026/07/09 CRDT- 2026/07/10 00:06 PHST- 2026/04/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/07/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/10/06 05:29 [medline] PHST- 2026/07/10 06:35 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/07/10 00:06 [entrez] PHST- 2026/07/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12877-026-07976-9 [pii] AID - 7976 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12877-026-07976-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Geriatr. 2026 Jul 9;26(1):1256. doi: 10.1186/s12877-026-07976-9. PMID- 42404887 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260706 LR - 20260813 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 17 DP - 2026 TI - Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination. PG - 1710777 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1710777 [doi] LID - 1710777 AB - Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is defined as an after-effect of acute COVID-19 infection. Its broad clinical symptoms include brain fog, shortness of breath, fatigue, joint, chest, or muscle pain, dysautonomia and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. It is estimated that 1 in every 5 COVID-19 survivors exhibit symptoms within the Long COVID bracket. An array of risk factors such as smoking habit, age, obesity, female sex, and prior hospitalization may increase the probability of a person developing Long COVID. While the underlying mechanisms of Long COVID remain elusive, we examine the various possible pathophysiologies involved in Long COVID. We take up impactful neuropsychiatric issues as another spectrum of Long COVID symptoms and the likely effect of various forms of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, the focus will be on the main mechanisms associated with the development of long COVID, which include latent Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, molecular mimicry, virus persistence, autoantibodies, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding these mechanisms shed light on the continued persistence of COVID-19 related symptoms long after the resolution of acute infection. For instance, the reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus in the immunocompromised context seen post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to the symptoms commonly observed in Long COVID such as fatigue and brain fog. The Epstein-Barr virus could possibly disrupt mitochondrial function, explaining the fatigue commonly observed in Long COVID patients. Other factors such as continued presence of viral particles in specific areas such as the gut may result in continued inflammation, leading to manifestations such as fatigue, cognitive impairment and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Additionally, heightened and persistent presence of autoantibodies post-acute infection results in persistent symptoms and could potentially trigger the onset of autoimmune disorders. We also aim to revisit the diverse and prolonged effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that continue to affect the well-being and quality of human life. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 Ponnachan, Dhawlarker, Yasmin, Shah, Malhotra, Shastri, Al-Ramadi and Kishore. FAU - Ponnachan, Pretty AU - Ponnachan P AD - Department of Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. FAU - Dhawlarker, Anam AU - Dhawlarker A AD - National Institute of Virology (NIV), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Pune, India. FAU - Yasmin, Hadida AU - Yasmin H AD - Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. FAU - Shah, Akash AU - Shah A AD - Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom. AD - Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, Ashford, United Kingdom. FAU - Malhotra, Aastha AU - Malhotra A AD - Department of Zoology, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. FAU - Shastri, Abhishek AU - Shastri A AD - Central and North West London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Al-Ramadi, Basel K AU - Al-Ramadi BK AD - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. AD - Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. AD - ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. FAU - Kishore, Uday AU - Kishore U AD - Department of Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. AD - Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260619 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/immunology/physiopathology/psychology/complications/prevention & control MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - *SARS-CoV-2/immunology MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology MH - Vaccination MH - Mental Disorders/etiology PMC - PMC13328189 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Epstein-Barr virus OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - autoimmunity OT - complement system OT - immune dysregulation OT - long COVID OT - neuropsychiatric effects COIS- The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2026/07/06 10:10 MHDA- 2026/07/06 12:42 PMCR- 2026/06/19 CRDT- 2026/07/06 05:40 PHST- 2025/09/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/04/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/05/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/07/06 12:42 [medline] PHST- 2026/07/06 10:10 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/07/06 05:40 [entrez] PHST- 2026/06/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1710777 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2026 Jun 19;17:1710777. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1710777. eCollection 2026. PMID- 42245362 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260611 LR - 20260926 IS - 2296-2565 (Electronic) IS - 2296-2565 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2026 TI - Post-COVID syndrome in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh: a systematic narrative review of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and healthcare system responses. PG - 1714880 LID - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1714880 [doi] LID - 1714880 AB - BACKGROUND: Post-COVID syndrome, defined by the WHO as persistent multisystem symptoms extending beyond 4 weeks post-infection, has emerged as a critical public health concern in South Asia, a region home to approximately 1. 9 billion individuals across Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Despite the disproportionate burden affecting an estimated 54.3 million individuals in this region, no prior systematic synthesis has integrated evidence across all three major South Asian countries, creating a significant gap in the evidence-based policy development. METHODS: This systematic narrative review, conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, synthesized evidence from 388 peer-reviewed publications identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases (January 2020-December 2023). Study quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and the GRADE framework. Two independent reviewers performed the screening (inter-rater reliability: 87.3%) and data extraction (concordance: 94.1%). RESULTS: The prevalence of post-COVID syndrome varied geographically: 15.8%-18.3% in Pakistan, 9.4%-22.5% to 11.2%-16.8% in India, Females consistently demonstrated higher prevalence across all countries, with ratios ranging from 1.41:1 to 1.81:1. The peak burden occurred in the 35-54 age group. Urban areas reported a higher prevalence than rural areas, with disparities correlating with healthcare infrastructure metrics. Fatigue (58.3%), brain fog (52.1%), and memory problems (48.7%) were the most prevalent symptoms. The prevalence declined across successive pandemic waves, with vaccination associated with substantial reductions in later waves. CONCLUSION: Post-COVID syndrome poses a substantial and ongoing public health challenge in South Asia, disproportionately affecting women and adults of working age. Urban-rural disparities in prevalence reflect underlying healthcare access inequities rather than true epidemiological differences. Urgent priorities include establishing dedicated post-COVID clinics, strengthening rehabilitation infrastructure, and conducting region-specific genetic and long-term outcome research to inform evidence-based interventions for this vulnerable population. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 Alrossies. FAU - Alrossies, Amani S AU - Alrossies AS AD - Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20260520 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Public Health JT - Frontiers in public health JID - 101616579 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications MH - India/epidemiology MH - Bangladesh/epidemiology MH - Pakistan/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Prevalence MH - *Delivery of Health Care PMC - PMC13230156 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bangladesh OT - COVID-19 sequelae OT - India OT - cognitive impairment OT - epidemiology OT - fatigue OT - female predominance OT - healthcare disparities COIS- The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2026/06/05 06:36 MHDA- 2026/06/11 18:35 PMCR- 2026/05/20 CRDT- 2026/06/05 05:03 PHST- 2025/09/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/04/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/04/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/06/11 18:35 [medline] PHST- 2026/06/05 06:36 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/06/05 05:03 [entrez] PHST- 2026/05/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1714880 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Public Health. 2026 May 20;14:1714880. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1714880. eCollection 2026. PMID- 42216347 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260717 LR - 20260922 IS - 1536-5964 (Electronic) IS - 0025-7974 (Print) IS - 0025-7974 (Linking) VI - 105 IP - 22 DP - 2026 May 29 TI - Prevalence and long-term outcomes of brain fog and cognitive impairment in individuals with long COVID: A systematic review. PG - e49022 LID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000049022 [doi] LID - e49022 AB - BACKGROUND: Long COVID is increasingly recognized as a complex multisystem condition, with brain fog and cognitive impairment emerging as some of its manifestations. Despite growing literature, the pooled prevalence, subgroup differences, and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS: We systematically reviewed 47 studies (2000-2025) encompassing over 25,000 patients to evaluate the prevalence of brain fog and cognitive impairment among long COVID populations. Data were extracted on study design, patient demographics, follow-up duration, and subgroup variables including gender, hospitalization, vaccination, and geographic region. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS v9.0) and JBI checklists. Quantitative synthesis was performed with subgroup and temporal analyses, presented in forest plots and summary figures. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of brain fog was 30% (95% CI: 28-32), while cognitive impairment was 25% (95% CI: 23-27). Female patients consistently showed higher rates compared to males (34% vs 23% for brain fog; 29% vs 21% for cognitive impairment). Community-managed patients demonstrated higher prevalence compared to hospitalized cohorts, and unvaccinated individuals had a greater burden than vaccinated ones. Temporal analyses indicated that prevalence increased with longer follow-up, suggesting symptom persistence or late manifestation. Pathophysiological explanations include neuroinflammation, microvascular injury, immune dysregulation, and psychosocial stressors. CONCLUSION: Brain fog and cognitive impairment are common, persistent, and clinically significant features of long COVID. Gender differences, vaccination status, and follow-up duration influence prevalence. Future studies should focus on mechanisms, preventive strategies, and targeted interventions to mitigate long-term cognitive sequelae. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. FAU - Faseeh, Ahmar AU - Faseeh A AD - Department of Dentistry, Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan. FAU - Rida, Maryam AU - Rida M AD - Department of Medicine, NUMS Hitec Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila, Pakistan. FAU - Karim, Noor E AU - Karim NE AD - Department of Medicine, NUMS Hitec Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila, Pakistan. FAU - Zafar, Ayesha AU - Zafar A AD - Department of Medicine, NUMS Hitec Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila, Pakistan. FAU - Shah, Arif AU - Shah A AD - Department of Medicine, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat, Pakistan. FAU - Perveen, Abida AU - Perveen A AUID- ORCID: 0009-0009-7548-8833 AD - Department of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review PL - United States TA - Medicine (Baltimore) JT - Medicine JID - 2985248R SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology MH - Prevalence MH - *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Female MH - Male MH - SARS-CoV-2 PMC - PMC13225561 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Long COVID OT - brain fog OT - cognitive impairment OT - neuroinflammation OT - post-acute sequelae COIS- The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose. EDAT- 2026/05/30 06:36 MHDA- 2026/05/30 06:37 PMCR- 2026/05/29 CRDT- 2026/05/30 01:01 PHST- 2025/12/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/05/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/05/30 06:37 [medline] PHST- 2026/05/30 06:36 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/05/30 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2026/05/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 00005792-202605290-00033 [pii] AID - MD-D-25-18536 [pii] AID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000049022 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Medicine (Baltimore). 2026 May 29;105(22):e49022. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000049022. PMID- 42099508 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260716 LR - 20260821 IS - 2474-0896 (Electronic) IS - 0967-4845 (Print) IS - 0967-4845 (Linking) VI - 83 DP - 2026 TI - Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers in the Management of Patients With Long COVID Infected With the Omicron Variant. PG - 16255 LID - 10.3389/bjbs.2026.16255 [doi] LID - 16255 AB - BACKGROUND: Long COVID (LC) presents persistent symptoms that pose a major clinical challenge. Identification of reliable biomarkers to evaluate LC pathophysiology is needed. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether serum S- and N-antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins reflect the clinical features of LC. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with Omicron variant-related LC who attended a post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic between July 2023 and November 2024 and provided informed consent for antibody testing. RESULTS: Among 275 patients (129 men and 146 women), 57 (21%) were unvaccinated. Median S- and N-antibody titers in vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients were 20,963 U/mL and 24.8 cut-off index (COI) versus 24 U/mL and 44.5 COI, respectively. S-antibody titers were associated with the number of vaccine doses received, whereas N-antibody titers correlated with disease severity during the acute phase of COVID-19 infection, with females having higher titers by multivariable analysis. N-antibody titers in unvaccinated patients with LC were negatively correlated with time interval from infection to clinic visit, with an estimated daily decline of 0.34% in measured N-antibody levels. Patients with LC having memory impairment had low S-antibody titers by multivariable logistic regression analysis, and low S-antibody levels were associated with reduced quality of life (QOL). Additionally, N-antibody titers positively correlated with lymphocyte counts and immunoglobulin levels. CONCLUSION: Serum N-antibody titers reflect immune responses to COVID-19, although they are affected by gender differences and interval between infection and evaluation. Lower S-antibody titers were associated with brain fog symptoms and reduced QOL in patients with LC. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 Kawaguchi, Sakurada, Tokumasu, Otsuka, Nakano, Matsuda, Honda, Omura, Matsuki, Furukawa, Higashikage and Otsuka. FAU - Kawaguchi, Marina AU - Kawaguchi M AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Sakurada, Yasue AU - Sakurada Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Tokumasu, Kazuki AU - Tokumasu K AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Otsuka, Yuki AU - Otsuka Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Nakano, Yasuhiro AU - Nakano Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Matsuda, Yui AU - Matsuda Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Honda, Hiroyuki AU - Honda H AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Omura, Daisuke AU - Omura D AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Matsuki, Nobuyoshi AU - Matsuki N AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Furukawa, Masanori AU - Furukawa M AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Higashikage, Akihito AU - Higashikage A AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Otsuka, Fumio AU - Otsuka F AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study DEP - 20260422 PL - Switzerland TA - Br J Biomed Sci JT - British journal of biomedical science JID - 9309208 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus) RN - 0 (Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins) RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - SARS-CoV-2 variants SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Male MH - *COVID-19/immunology/blood/virology MH - Middle Aged MH - *Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Retrospective Studies MH - *SARS-CoV-2/immunology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Aged MH - Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology MH - Unvaccinated Persons MH - Adult MH - Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology MH - COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage MH - Biomarkers/blood PMC - PMC13143840 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Omicron variants OT - SARS-CoV-2 antibodies OT - brain fog OT - long COVID COIS- The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2026/05/08 06:32 MHDA- 2026/05/08 06:33 PMCR- 2026/04/22 CRDT- 2026/05/08 04:55 PHST- 2026/01/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/03/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/04/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/05/08 06:33 [medline] PHST- 2026/05/08 06:32 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/05/08 04:55 [entrez] PHST- 2026/04/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 16255 [pii] AID - 10.3389/bjbs.2026.16255 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Br J Biomed Sci. 2026 Apr 22;83:16255. doi: 10.3389/bjbs.2026.16255. eCollection 2026. PMID- 41832317 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260627 LR - 20260813 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Mar 14 TI - Characterizing persistent Post-COVID-19 vaccination symptoms using MedDRA system organ class and preferred term classifications. LID - 10.1038/s41598-026-43949-z [doi] LID - 12366 AB - Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PCVS) refers to persistent, multisystemic symptoms developing after SARS-CoV-2 immunization. We established a nationwide registry across 14 Japanese outpatient clinics and analyzed 179 "clinically definitive" cases from 279 enrollees (December 2020-August 2023). All adverse events (AEs) were coded using MedDRA/J Preferred Terms and System Organ Classes; severity followed NCI-CTCAE V5.0. The cohort (66.5% female; mean age 59 years) experienced 493 AEs (median 2 per patient, range 1-29). Three System Organ Classes-General Disorders (29.2%), Nervous System Disorders (22.3%), and Musculoskeletal Disorders (10.1%)-accounted for 61.7% of events; fatigue, brain fog, dizziness, and extremity pain predominated. While 69.4% of AEs arose within 90 days post-vaccination, 12.4% appeared >/= 360 days later. Severe AEs (>/= Grade 3) occurred in 14.6% of patients; overall improvement was 65.1%, leaving 29.4% unresolved. A provisional phenotype classification combining symptom patterns, onset timing, and severity identified high-risk subgroups with > 60% non-recovery rates. These findings underscore the need for enhanced post-vaccination surveillance systems and comprehensive care frameworks specifically tailored to address the protean manifestations and persistent nature of PCVS. FAU - Fujisawa, Akinori AU - Fujisawa A AD - Kokoro Medical Corporation, Honbetsu Cardiovascular Medicine Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan. FAU - Kodama, Shinichiro AU - Kodama S AD - Kodama Hospital & Kodama Medical Office, Hyogo, Japan. FAU - Konishi, Nafuko AU - Konishi N AD - Viola Clinic, Osaka, Japan. FAU - Ueda, Jun AU - Ueda J AD - Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan. FAU - Kitagawa, Akiko AU - Kitagawa A AD - Kitaris Co., Ltd, Aichi, Japan. FAU - Okada, Eri AU - Okada E AD - Kitaris Co., Ltd, Aichi, Japan. FAU - Miyokawa, Mariko AU - Miyokawa M AD - Kitaris Co., Ltd, Aichi, Japan. FAU - Hirai, Yuriko AU - Hirai Y AD - MCL Corporation, Kyoto, Japan. FAU - Nakatani, Eiji AU - Nakatani E AD - Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan. nakatani.eiji.int@gmail.com. FAU - Fukushima, Masanori AU - Fukushima M AD - Learning Health Society Institute, Nagoya, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260314 PL - England TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - Male MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects MH - *Vaccination/adverse effects MH - Aged MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control MH - Japan/epidemiology MH - Adult MH - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems MH - SARS-CoV-2/immunology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Registries PMC - PMC13079843 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adverse drug reaction reporting systems OT - COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects OT - Chronic OT - Fatigue syndrome OT - Nervous system diseases/etiology OT - Pharmacovigilance OT - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome COIS- Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2026/03/15 06:49 MHDA- 2026/06/27 12:36 PMCR- 2026/03/14 CRDT- 2026/03/15 00:17 PHST- 2025/08/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/03/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/06/27 12:36 [medline] PHST- 2026/03/15 06:49 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/03/15 00:17 [entrez] PHST- 2026/03/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41598-026-43949-z [pii] AID - 43949 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41598-026-43949-z [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 14;16(1):12366. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-43949-z. PMID- 41824149 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260627 LR - 20261009 IS - 1534-6293 (Electronic) IS - 1528-4042 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Mar 13 TI - Cognition and Long COVID: a Review. LID - 15 [pii] LID - 10.1007/s11910-026-01485-3 [doi] AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Provide an overview of current knowledge regarding cognitive issues in patients with long COVID, also termed brain fog or cognitive COVID. RECENT FINDINGS: Subjective cognitive symptoms in long COVID patients are common but often go undetected by traditional standardised cognitive test batteries. This discrepancy poses a major clinical and societal problem, given the prevalence, protracted course and impact of cognitive COVID on work functioning. New, online assessment methods for cognitive function are feasible and corroborate subjective self-report symptoms, finding executive function impairments in cognitive COVID. As vaccination protects against brain fog and not against anxiety and depression in long COVID, brain fog can be seen as a core symptom of long COVID, concerning executive functioning, and a direct effect of neurotropic viral brain infiltration. Depression and anxiety are comorbid conditions due to indirect factors associated with the pandemic, such as increased social isolation and loss of work. Ongoing vaccination programs should not only target the elderly, but also working-age people. Online cognitive assessment batteries are recommended for assessment and treatment monitoring in long COVID. Integrated care is recommended given the high rate of multimorbidity. Future research might explore the effects of antiviral medication, modulation of the immune response, and GLP-1 agonists in long COVID. FAU - van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina M AU - van der Feltz-Cornelis CM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6925-8956 AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of York, ARRC Building, MHARG, Heslington York, York, YO10 5DD, UK. christina.vanderfeltz-cornelis@york.ac.uk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260313 PL - United States TA - Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep JT - Current neurology and neuroscience reports JID - 100931790 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/complications/psychology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Pandemics MH - *Cognition Disorders/etiology MH - *Cognition/physiology MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology MH - Neuropsychological Tests OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brain fog OT - Cognitive function OT - Diagnostic assessment OT - Integrated care OT - Long COVID OT - Review OT - Vaccination COIS- Declarations. Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2026/03/13 19:31 MHDA- 2026/06/27 12:36 CRDT- 2026/03/13 12:18 PHST- 2026/02/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/02/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/06/27 12:36 [medline] PHST- 2026/03/13 19:31 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/03/13 12:18 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11910-026-01485-3 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11910-026-01485-3 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2026 Mar 13;26(1):15. doi: 10.1007/s11910-026-01485-3. PMID- 41819160 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260710 LR - 20260810 IS - 1878-3511 (Electronic) IS - 1201-9712 (Linking) VI - 166 DP - 2026 May TI - Prevalence of post-COVID symptoms across variants of concern and follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PG - 108522 LID - S1201-9712(26)00157-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108522 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) and post-COVID symptom duration remains unexplored. This is the first study to evaluate post-COVID prevalence stratified by VoC and follow-up periods. METHODS: Six databases were searched (12/2019-12/2024) for studies of adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms lasting >/=3 months. Data were stratified by VoC (Alpha through Omicron) and follow-up (<6 vs >/=6 months) to estimate pooled prevalence using random-effects models. RESULTS: Pooled prevalence across 35 studies (n = 159,000) was 28.5% (95% CI: 21.6-36.0), higher in pre-Omicron (35.5%) than Omicron (22.8%) eras (P = 0.04). Symptoms persisted beyond 6 months in 29.9% of cases. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom across all VoCs and follow-ups followed by brain fog, dyspnea, and sleep impairment. Pre-Omicron variants were linked to dyspnea and anosmia, while Omicron was associated with brain fog and paresthesia. Most symptoms showed no significant reduction beyond 6 months. Sleep problems were higher in early pre-Omicron cohorts but improved over time; conversely, palpitations and ocular manifestations increased in later pre-Omicron follow-ups. CONCLUSION: Post-COVID condition remains a burden despite vaccination. Distinct symptomatology patterns across VoC and timelines highlight the need for tailored management strategies to mitigate long-term global impacts. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Lugtu, Eiron John AU - Lugtu EJ AD - Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. FAU - Iv, Delfin Ynigo Pilapil AU - Iv DYP AD - Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. FAU - Cabunoc, Mikhail Harvey AU - Cabunoc MH AD - Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. FAU - Bautista, Joshua Lawrence AU - Bautista JL AD - Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. FAU - Pleta, Francis Matthew AU - Pleta FM AD - Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. FAU - Ng, Jeremy Ace AU - Ng JA AD - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines. FAU - Shahid, Farid AU - Shahid F AD - National Institute of Neurological Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. FAU - Carandang, Timothy Hudson David Culasino AU - Carandang THDC AD - Research Development Unit, Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Memorial Research and Medical Center, Nueva Ecija, Philippines; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. FAU - Lippi, Giuseppe AU - Lippi G AD - Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. FAU - Henry, Brandon Michael AU - Henry BM AD - Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA. FAU - Fernandez-de-Las-Penas, Cesar AU - Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C AD - Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: cesar.fernandez@urjc.es. FAU - Notarte, Kin Israel AU - Notarte KI AD - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: knotart1@jmi.edu. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20260310 PL - Canada TA - Int J Infect Dis JT - International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases JID - 9610933 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications MH - Prevalence MH - *SARS-CoV-2 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Symptom Burden MH - Fatigue/epidemiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - PASC OT - Post-COVID OT - SARS-CoV-2 variants OT - Symptomatology COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2026/03/13 00:50 MHDA- 2026/04/09 00:34 CRDT- 2026/03/12 20:10 PHST- 2026/02/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/03/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/03/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/04/09 00:34 [medline] PHST- 2026/03/13 00:50 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/03/12 20:10 [entrez] AID - S1201-9712(26)00157-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108522 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Infect Dis. 2026 May;166:108522. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108522. Epub 2026 Mar 10. PMID- 41695180 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20260216 LR - 20260218 IS - 2296-858X (Print) IS - 2296-858X (Electronic) IS - 2296-858X (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2026 TI - Long-term health effects of COVID-19 among patients in Croatian primary care settings. PG - 1740432 LID - 10.3389/fmed.2026.1740432 [doi] LID - 1740432 AB - INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has left lasting effects that extend beyond the acute phase of infection, with increasing evidence of long-term health consequences. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms and conditions and to identify associated risk factors, including pre-existing chronic diseases, COVID-19 vaccination status, and severity of acute infection. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 family medicine practices in Croatia. The data collected from medical records included demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, SARS-CoV-2 infection history and severity, and documented health conditions before and after infection. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Group differences were analyzed using the independent samples t-test or chi(2) test. Variables significant in univariate analyses (p < 0.05) were included into multivariate regression models. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 severity, and binary logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with post-COVID conditions. Results are presented as regression coefficients (beta) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study included 1,423 participants (58.0% female; mean age 52.6 +/- 17.2 years), of whom 82.4% had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 32.3% were unvaccinated. At least one chronic disease was present in 28.1% of participants. The most frequently reported post-COVID conditions were brain fog (4.9%), neurological disorders (4.7%), cardiovascular diseases (2.9%), shortness of breath (2.8%), obesity (2.7%) and mental health disorders (2.6%). Greater COVID-19 severity was independently associated with pulmonary disease (beta = 0.22; p = 0.031) and older age, particularly 51-65 years (beta = 0.31; p < 0.001) and >/=66 years (beta = 0.50; p < 0.001). COVID-19 vaccination was associated with milder disease (beta = -0.21; p < 0.001). Previous cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases significantly increased the risk of thromboembolism. Diabetes, obesity, and number of vaccine doses were predictors of brain fog, while neurological comorbidities predicted post-COVID mental health disorders. CONCLUSION: Post-COVID symptoms and conditions represent an important long-term public health challenge. Family medicine physicians play a key role in early recognition, monitoring, and management of post-COVID sequelae, contributing to improved long-term patient outcomes. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 Popovic, Lesac Brizic, Ljubotina, Zavidic, Tudor Spalj, Markovic Stimac, Fisic Jurkovic, Basic Markovic, Diminic Lisica, Vucak and Radosevic Quadranti. FAU - Popovic, Branislava AU - Popovic B AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Family Medicine Practice Branislava Popovic, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Lesac Brizic, Ana AU - Lesac Brizic A AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Community Health Centre Primorsko Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Ljubotina, Aleksandar AU - Ljubotina A AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Family Medicine Practice Aleksandar Ljubotina, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Zavidic, Tina AU - Zavidic T AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Istrian Health Centres, Pazin, Croatia. FAU - Tudor Spalj, Vedrana AU - Tudor Spalj V AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Community Health Centre Primorsko Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Markovic Stimac, Roberta AU - Markovic Stimac R AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Primary Health Care Institution Srdoci, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Fisic Jurkovic, Martina AU - Fisic Jurkovic M AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Community Health Centre Primorsko Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Basic Markovic, Nina AU - Basic Markovic N AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Primary Health Care Institution Srdoci, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Diminic Lisica, Ines AU - Diminic Lisica I AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Health Institution dr. Ines Diminic Lisica, Rijeka, Croatia. FAU - Vucak, Jasna AU - Vucak J AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Family Medicine Practice Jasna Vucak, Sukosan, Croatia. FAU - Radosevic Quadranti, Nives AU - Radosevic Quadranti N AD - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. AD - Community Health Centre Primorsko Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260129 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Med (Lausanne) JT - Frontiers in medicine JID - 101648047 PMC - PMC12893981 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - chronic diseases OT - long COVID OT - post-COVID syndrome OT - primary care COIS- The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2026/02/16 12:32 MHDA- 2026/02/16 12:33 PMCR- 2026/01/29 CRDT- 2026/02/16 06:47 PHST- 2025/11/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/01/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/01/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/02/16 12:33 [medline] PHST- 2026/02/16 12:32 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/02/16 06:47 [entrez] PHST- 2026/01/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fmed.2026.1740432 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Jan 29;13:1740432. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1740432. eCollection 2026. PMID- 41672424 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260707 LR - 20260707 IS - 1439-4286 (Electronic) IS - 0018-5043 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 3 DP - 2026 Mar TI - Lactate, Capnia, and Fat Oxidation as Therapeutic Axes for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Induced Sequelae. PG - 90-102 LID - 10.1055/a-2794-9646 [doi] AB - Metabolic alterations characterize a large subset of those with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, and similar symptoms affect those with post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome. These symptoms are characterized by the triumvirate of post-acute COVID-19 (vaccination) syndrome symptoms: post-exertional malaise, fatigue, and cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as brain fog. These symptoms can be recreated through perturbations that disrupt mitochondria, and spike protein has been observed to disrupt mitochondria in vitro, providing mechanistic support for this relationship. Post-acute COVID-19 (vaccination) syndrome patients suffer from a severely decreased lactate threshold and can experience symptoms of overexertion even at low power output. Furthermore, biopsies have revealed disrupted mitochondria, and energetics and physiological studies have shown that lipid oxidation constitutes a significantly reduced fraction of total energy production/consumption in post-acute COVID-19 (vaccination) syndrome patients. This review explores the therapeutic axes of lactate, carbon dioxide, and fatty acid oxidation for resolving the energy production challenges in post-acute COVID-19 (vaccination) syndrome, suggesting interventions that increase the lactate threshold, increase tissue oxygenation (paradoxically through increasing partial pressure of CO(2)), and increase the rates at which lipids are oxidized relative to carbohydrates. Analogies from the world of exercise science are introduced, comparing post-acute COVID-19 (vaccination) syndrome to an overabundance of fast-twitch muscle fibers, with oxygenation similar to that experienced at high altitude, and presenting as an inverse 'fat adaptation' phenomenon, as observed in endurance athletes, especially those adopting low-carbohydrate diets. CI - Thieme. All rights reserved. FAU - Gracidas, Carlos AU - Gracidas C AD - Medicine, Dorrington Medical Associates, Houston, USA. FAU - Levy, Rakeem AU - Levy R AD - Medicine, Dorrington Medical Associates, Houston, USA. FAU - Varon, Joseph AU - Varon J AD - Science, Independent Medical Alliance, Washington, USA. FAU - Halma, Matthew AU - Halma M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2487-0636 AD - Science, Independent Medical Alliance, Washington, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260211 PL - Germany TA - Horm Metab Res JT - Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme JID - 0177722 RN - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid) RN - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus) RN - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2) RN - 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Oxidation-Reduction MH - *COVID-19/metabolism MH - *Lactic Acid/metabolism MH - *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism MH - *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism MH - Lipid Metabolism MH - *Fatty Acids/metabolism MH - Energy Metabolism COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2026/02/12 00:47 MHDA- 2026/03/18 01:43 CRDT- 2026/02/11 19:23 PHST- 2026/03/18 01:43 [medline] PHST- 2026/02/12 00:47 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/02/11 19:23 [entrez] AID - 10.1055/a-2794-9646 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Horm Metab Res. 2026 Mar;58(3):90-102. doi: 10.1055/a-2794-9646. Epub 2026 Feb 11. PMID- 41596479 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260701 LR - 20260701 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 2 DP - 2026 Jan 14 TI - Possible Involvement of Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Long COVID Patients Characterized by Delayed Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone. LID - 10.3390/ijms27020832 [doi] LID - 832 AB - Long COVID (LC) may involve endocrine dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To examine hypothalamic-pituitary responses in patients with LC, we conducted a single-center retrospective study of patients with refractory LC referred to our University Hospital who underwent anterior pituitary stimulation tests. Between February 2021 and November 2025, 1251 patients with long COVID were evaluated, of whom 207 (19%) had relatively low random ACTH or cortisol levels. Ultimately, 16 underwent anterior pituitary stimulation tests and were included. All tests were performed in an inpatient setting without exogenous steroids. Fifteen patients (six women, mean age 35.6 years) underwent corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) tests. All patients had mild acute COVID-19, eight had >/=2 vaccinations, and the mean interval from infection was 343 days. Frequent symptoms included fatigue (100%), insomnia (66.7%), headache (60.0%), anorexia/nausea (40.0%), and brain fog (40.0%). Mean early-morning cortisol and 24 h urinary free cortisol were 7.5 mug/dL and 41.0 mug/day, respectively. MRI showed an empty sella in one case. Peak hormonal responses were preserved (DeltaACTH 247%, DeltaTSH 918%, DeltaPRL 820%, DeltaFSH 187%, DeltaLH 1150%); however, peaks were delayed beyond 60 min in ACTH (13%), LH (33%), and FSH (87%). Notably, significantly delayed elevations remained at 120 min in the responses of TSH (4.1-fold), PRL (1.8-fold), LH (9.3-fold), and FSH (2.8-fold), suggesting possible hypothalamic involvement, particularly in the gonadotropin responses. Additionally, serum IGF-I was lowered (-0.70 SD), while GH response (mean peak 35.5 ng/mL) was preserved by growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP)-2 stimulation. Low-dose hydrocortisone and testosterone were initiated for three patients. Although direct viral effects and secondary suppression have been proposed, our findings may suggest that, at least in part, the observed response characteristics are consistent with functional secondary hypothalamic dysfunction rather than irreversible primary injury. These findings highlight the need for objective endocrine evaluation before initiating hormone replacements. FAU - Otsuka, Yuki AU - Otsuka Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6015-6128 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Soejima, Yoshiaki AU - Soejima Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2070-3892 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Nakano, Yasuhiro AU - Nakano Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9972-791X AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Suyama, Atsuhito AU - Suyama A AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Takase, Ryosuke AU - Takase R AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Oguni, Kohei AU - Oguni K AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Masuda, Yohei AU - Masuda Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9368-0521 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Omura, Daisuke AU - Omura D AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Sakurada, Yasue AU - Sakurada Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4588-5888 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Matsuda, Yui AU - Matsuda Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Hasegawa, Toru AU - Hasegawa T AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Honda, Hiroyuki AU - Honda H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6098-5006 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Tokumasu, Kazuki AU - Tokumasu K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9513-6864 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Ueda, Keigo AU - Ueda K AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. FAU - Otsuka, Fumio AU - Otsuka F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7014-9095 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. LA - eng GR - 2025/Ofuji Endocrine Medical Award/ GR - 2025/Growth Science Foundation/ GR - 2025/Kobayashi-Magobei Foundation/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260114 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 33515-09-2 (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) RN - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone) RN - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) RN - 9002-60-2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - *Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism MH - Adult MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Male MH - *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology MH - Hydrocortisone/blood MH - Middle Aged MH - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone MH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood MH - SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification MH - *Hypothalamus/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism/physiopathology MH - *Hypothalamic Diseases MH - Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis PMC - PMC12840638 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - gonadotropin OT - gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) OT - hypothalamus OT - long COVID COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2026/01/28 07:47 MHDA- 2026/01/28 19:19 PMCR- 2026/01/14 CRDT- 2026/01/28 01:10 PHST- 2025/12/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/01/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/01/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/01/28 19:19 [medline] PHST- 2026/01/28 07:47 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/01/28 01:10 [entrez] PHST- 2026/01/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms27020832 [pii] AID - ijms-27-00832 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms27020832 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Jan 14;27(2):832. doi: 10.3390/ijms27020832. PMID- 41535076 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260626 LR - 20260626 IS - 2044-6055 (Electronic) IS - 2044-6055 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Jan 14 TI - Trajectory, healthcare utilisation and recovery in 3590 individuals with long covid: a 4-year prospective cohort analysis. PG - e103884 LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103884 [doi] LID - e103884 AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterise long-term trajectory of recovery in individuals with long covid. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Single-centre, specialist post-COVID service (London, UK). PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged >/=18 years with long covid (hospitalised and non-hospitalised) from April 2020 to March 2024. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Routine, prospectively collected data on symptoms, quality of life (including Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), return to work status and healthcare utilisation (investigations, outpatient and emergency attendances). The primary outcome was recovery by self-reported >75% of 'best health' (EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale) and was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models over 4 years. Linked National Health Service England registry data provided secondary care healthcare utilisation and expenditure. RESULTS: We included 3590 individuals (63.3% female, 73.5% non-hospitalised, median age 50.0 years, 71.9% with >/=2 doses of COVID-19 vaccination), who were followed up for a median of 136 (0-346) days since first assessment and 502 (251-825) days since symptom onset. At first assessment, 33.2% of employed individuals were unable to work. Dominant symptoms were fatigue (78.7%), breathlessness (68.1%) and brain fog (53.5%). 33.4% of individuals recovered to >75% of best health prior to clinic discharge (recovery occurred median 202 (94-468) days from symptom onset). Vaccinated individuals were more likely to recover faster (pre: HR 2.93 (2.00-4.28) and post: HR 1.34 (1.05-1.71) COVID-19 infection), whereas recovery hazard was inversely associated with FAS (HR 0.37 (0.33-0.42)), myalgia (HR 0.59 (0.45-0.76)) and dysautonomic symptoms (HR 0.46 (0.34-0.62)). There was high secondary care healthcare utilisation (both emergency and outpatient care). Annual inpatient and outpatient expenditure was significantly lower in hospitalised individuals while under the service. When compared with the prereferral period, emergency department attendances were reduced in non-hospitalised patients with long covid, but outpatient costs increased. CONCLUSIONS: In the largest long covid cohort from a single specialist post-COVID service to date, only one-third of individuals under follow-up achieved satisfactory recovery. Fatigue severity and COVID-19 vaccination at presentation, even after initial COVID-19 infection, was associated with long covid recovery. Ongoing service provision for this and other post-viral conditions is necessary to support care, progress treatment options and provide capacity for future pandemic preparedness. Research and clinical services should emphasise these factors as the strongest predictors of non-recovery. CI - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. FAU - Prashar, Jai AU - Prashar J AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. AD - The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Hillman, Toby AU - Hillman T AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Wall, Emma C AU - Wall EC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2732-4497 AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. AD - The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. AD - Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, UK. FAU - Sarna, Amanpreet AU - Sarna A AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Mi, Emma AU - Mi E AD - Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK. FAU - Bell, Robert AU - Bell R AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Sahota, Jagdeep AU - Sahota J AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Zandi, Michael AU - Zandi M AD - Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK. FAU - McNamara, Patricia AU - McNamara P AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Livingston, Rebecca AU - Livingston R AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Gore, Rebecca AU - Gore R AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Lunken, Catherine AU - Lunken C AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Bax, Elena AU - Bax E AUID- ORCID: 0009-0008-9789-8131 AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Nyam, Rachel AU - Nyam R AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Rafie Manzelat, Amir Masood AU - Rafie Manzelat AM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4263-2474 AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Hishmeh, Lyth AU - Hishmeh L AD - Long Covid SOS, London, UK. FAU - Attree, Emily AU - Attree E AD - Ridgmount Practice, London, UK. FAU - Cone, Stephen AU - Cone S AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK. FAU - Banerjee, Amitava AU - Banerjee A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8741-3411 AD - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK ami.banerjee@ucl.ac.uk. AD - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK. FAU - Heightman, Melissa AU - Heightman M AD - Respiratory Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260114 PL - England TA - BMJ Open JT - BMJ open JID - 101552874 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology/complications MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data MH - Adult MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Quality of Life MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Fatigue MH - Return to Work/statistics & numerical data MH - Aged MH - London/epidemiology MH - Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data PMC - PMC12815175 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Epidemiology OT - Health Services OT - Health policy OT - INTERNAL MEDICINE COIS- Competing interests: None declared. EDAT- 2026/01/15 16:13 MHDA- 2026/01/15 16:14 PMCR- 2026/01/14 CRDT- 2026/01/14 21:13 PHST- 2026/01/15 16:14 [medline] PHST- 2026/01/15 16:13 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/01/14 21:13 [entrez] PHST- 2026/01/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bmjopen-2025-103884 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103884 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ Open. 2026 Jan 14;16(1):e103884. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103884. PMID- 41494490 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260130 LR - 20260806 IS - 1879-1379 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3956 (Linking) VI - 194 DP - 2026 Mar TI - Astrocyte-mediated hippocampal damage in the pathogenesis of dysexecutive syndrome following COVID-19: A narrative review. PG - 164-173 LID - S0022-3956(26)00007-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.007 [doi] AB - SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated in hippocampal damage, contributing to the pathogenesis of dysexecutive syndrome observed in post-COVID-19 patients. Given the growing prevalence of long-COVID worldwide, understanding how SARS-CoV-2 affects hippocampal structure and function has become an urgent scientific and clinical priority. The hippocampus-crucial for memory, emotional regulation, and executive functioning-is especially susceptible to viral-driven neuroinflammatory cascades. SARS-CoV-2 triggers astrocyte and microglia activation, disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity, and induces cytokine-mediated neurotoxicity, ultimately impairing neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. These mechanisms converge to produce cognitive and affective disturbances-most notably fatigue, apathy, low mood, and executive dysfunction-that typify dysexecutive syndrome in long-COVID. This review synthesizes current evidence from clinical and experimental studies, integrating findings on viral neurotropism, hippocampal hypometabolism, and astrocyte-mediated neurodegeneration. Distinctions between depressive symptoms driven by neuroinflammation and classical depressive disorders are clarified to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide personalized treatment. Emerging data on the neuroprotective role of COVID-19 vaccination-particularly its capacity to modulate microglial activation and support hippocampal neurogenesis-are also examined. Overall, the findings underscore the need for targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating neuroinflammation and supporting hippocampal plasticity, including cognitive rehabilitation approaches. Longitudinal studies are essential to elucidate the enduring impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hippocampal function and to inform effective clinical interventions. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Messina, Antonino AU - Messina A AD - Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy; Psychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health, ASP Enna, 94100, Enna, Italy. FAU - Bella, Fabrizio AU - Bella F AD - Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: faber.bella92@gmail.com. FAU - Maccarone, Giuliana AU - Maccarone G AD - Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy. FAU - Avincola, Gabriele AU - Avincola G AD - Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy. FAU - Signorelli, Maria Salvina AU - Signorelli MS AD - Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260103 PL - England TA - J Psychiatr Res JT - Journal of psychiatric research JID - 0376331 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/complications/immunology/pathology MH - *Astrocytes/pathology/immunology/metabolism MH - *Hippocampus/pathology/physiopathology/metabolism/virology/immunology MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - *Neuroinflammatory Diseases MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology MH - *Executive Function/physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Apathy OT - COVID-19 OT - Cognitive function OT - Depression OT - Dysexecutive syndrome OT - Fatigue OT - Hippocampus OT - Neuroinflammation OT - SARS-CoV-2 COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2026/01/07 01:11 MHDA- 2026/01/31 00:29 CRDT- 2026/01/06 18:07 PHST- 2025/06/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/12/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/01/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/01/31 00:29 [medline] PHST- 2026/01/07 01:11 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/01/06 18:07 [entrez] AID - S0022-3956(26)00007-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.007 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Psychiatr Res. 2026 Mar;194:164-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.007. Epub 2026 Jan 3. PMID- 41466718 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20251230 LR - 20260101 IS - 2042-0986 (Print) IS - 2042-0994 (Electronic) IS - 2042-0986 (Linking) VI - 16 DP - 2025 TI - Complex chronic adverse events following immunization: a systemic critique and reform proposal for vaccine pharmacovigilance. PG - 20420986251395925 LID - 10.1177/20420986251395925 [doi] LID - 20420986251395925 AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed attention to complex chronic health conditions that challenge conventional biomedical paradigms. Syndromes such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome have gained broader visibility through the lens of Long COVID. As global vaccination campaigns expanded, a subset of individuals began reporting similarly persistent, multisystem symptoms following COVID-19 immunization-informally referred to as post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome. These presentations, which include dysautonomia, neuropathic pain, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction, resemble post-infectious syndromes and may involve shared immune-related mechanisms. Although no causal relationship to vaccination has been established, these cases-together with comparable reports following other vaccines-highlight limitations in current vaccine safety systems for detecting and evaluating complex chronic outcomes. This article introduces the concept of complex chronic adverse events following immunization (CC-AEFIs) as a pragmatic, surveillance-oriented framework to support the systematic identification and investigation of such cases. CC-AEFIs are not syndromic diagnoses but a higher-order category encompassing persistent, multifactorial conditions that may follow immunization yet challenge existing pharmacovigilance definitions and tools. These conditions often involve multiple organ systems, delayed onset, fluctuating trajectories, diagnostic ambiguity, and symptom heterogeneity. Drawing on the author's lived experience as an affected patient and integrating clinical, regulatory, and experiential evidence, the analysis examines structural and epistemic limitations across the pharmacovigilance continuum-from underrecognition in clinical settings to analytic exclusion and constrained governance. It concludes by proposing reforms to strengthen safety-system responsiveness, including enhanced diagnostic training, longitudinal surveillance, patient-reported outcome integration, and analytic transparency. Addressing these limitations is essential to sustain public trust, ensure equitable care, and uphold the scientific integrity of immunization programs. CI - (c) The Author(s), 2025. FAU - Kenny, Tiff-Annie AU - Kenny TA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9688-6149 AD - Faculte de medecine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. AD - CRCHU de Quebec Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20251224 PL - England TA - Ther Adv Drug Saf JT - Therapeutic advances in drug safety JID - 101549074 PMC - PMC12743803 OAB - Improving vaccine safety systems to better detect and respond to chronic health problems after vaccination - Though vaccines are exceptionally safe and critical for public health, a small number of individuals develop long-lasting and complex health problems after vaccination that are difficult to diagnose and poorly understood. - These problems often involve symptoms such as fatigue, nerve pain, dizziness, heart rhythm issues, or brain fog. They may begin days or weeks after vaccination, affect multiple body systems, and change over time. Because they don't fit standard medical categories, many people are dismissed or misdiagnosed. - Similar symptoms have also been observed after infections like COVID-19 (known as Long COVID), suggesting that shared immune-related processes may be involved. While a direct causal link to vaccination is not always clear, emerging evidence shows the importance of systematically studying these cases. - Current vaccine safety systems work well to detect short-term or clearly defined side effects like fever or allergic reactions. However, they often miss longer-term, more complex, or delayed conditions that do not follow expected patterns. - This paper introduces a new framework-Complex Chronic Adverse Events Following Immunization (CC-AEFIs)-to help describe, investigate, and monitor these cases more effectively. - It also identifies challenges across the vaccine safety system-from diagnosis to reporting, data analysis, and governance: - Recognition: These conditions are often dismissed due to lack of clear tests (biomarkers) and a tendency to label symptoms as psychological. - Reporting: There are widespread underreporting issues, especially for complex or delayed symptoms. - Analysis: Current systems lack the long-term tracking and comparison data needed to detect rare or complex patterns. - Governance: Oversight processes are often opaque, influenced by vaccine manufacturers, and rarely include affected individuals. - The paper proposes concrete reforms to make vaccine safety systems more transparent, inclusive, and responsive. OABL- eng OTO - NOTNLM OT - adverse events following immunization (AEFI) OT - long COVID OT - myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) OT - patient-reported outcomes OT - pharmacovigilance OT - post-vaccination syndrome OT - postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) OT - vaccine safety COIS- The author is an affected patient and has lived experience of a serious adverse event following immunization. This dual role-as both researcher and patient-informs the perspective and analysis offered in this article. The author declares no financial or other non-financial conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/12/30 07:40 MHDA- 2025/12/30 07:41 PMCR- 2025/12/24 CRDT- 2025/12/30 04:14 PHST- 2025/04/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/10/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/12/30 07:41 [medline] PHST- 2025/12/30 07:40 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/12/30 04:14 [entrez] PHST- 2025/12/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1177_20420986251395925 [pii] AID - 10.1177/20420986251395925 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2025 Dec 24;16:20420986251395925. doi: 10.1177/20420986251395925. eCollection 2025. PMID- 41432873 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251223 LR - 20261009 IS - 1573-2649 (Electronic) IS - 0962-9343 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 1 DP - 2025 Dec 23 TI - How do fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, activity and role functioning, and mental health inter-relate in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome? A structural equation model analysis. PG - 3 LID - 10.1007/s11136-025-04122-7 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is associated with persistent fatigue and cognitive symptoms that may disrupt daily functioning and mental health. This study examined interrelationships among fatigue, cognitive function, activity and role functioning, and mental health in individuals with PCS. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 535 adults in the Quebec Action for Post-COVID (QAPC) cohort who self-identified as experiencing PCS symptoms. Structural Equation Modelling was used to estimate associations among fatigue, self-reported cognitive concerns, cognitive performance, and two latent constructs: activity and role functioning and mental health. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, race, alcohol use, prior mental health history, and vaccination status. RESULTS: Fatigue showed association with mental health (standardized regression coefficient, beta_std = 0.44, p < 0.001), primarily through a direct path (beta_std = 0.42) and a smaller indirect path via self-reported cognitive concerns (beta_std = 0.10). Fatigue was also associated with reduced activity and role functioning (beta_std = - 0.79), which did not mediate its link to mental health. Self-reported cognitive concerns were independently associated with poorer mental health (beta_std = 0.19). Cognitive performance was positively associated with activity and role functioning (beta_std = 0.11) but not with mental health. Covariates, including older age, Caucasian ethnicity, and vaccination, were linked to more favourable outcomes. CONCLUSION: Fatigue and self-reported cognitive concerns were associated with mental health symptoms in PCS. These findings highlight the value of symptom cluster-based screening to inform referral pathways for cognitive, psychological, and functional support. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify temporal ordering. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. FAU - Michael, Henry Ukachukwu AU - Michael HU AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1944-0650 AD - Division of Clinical and Translational Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. henry.michael@mail.mcgill.ca. AD - Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), 5252 de Maisonneuve, 2B:43, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada. henry.michael@mail.mcgill.ca. FAU - Aste, Fernando Gonzales AU - Aste FG AD - Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. FAU - Brouillette, Marie-Josee AU - Brouillette MJ AD - Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), 5252 de Maisonneuve, 2B:43, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. AD - Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada. FAU - Fellows, Lesley K AU - Fellows LK AD - Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. FAU - Mayo, Nancy E AU - Mayo NE AD - Division of Clinical and Translational Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. AD - Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), 5252 de Maisonneuve, 2B:43, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada. AD - Division of Geriatrics, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. AD - School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20251223 PL - Netherlands TA - Qual Life Res JT - Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation JID - 9210257 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - *COVID-19/psychology/complications MH - *Fatigue/psychology/etiology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Middle Aged MH - Adult MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology/etiology MH - *Mental Health MH - Quebec/epidemiology MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Latent Class Analysis MH - Aged MH - *Activities of Daily Living/psychology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome OAB - Some people continue to experience symptoms like extreme tiredness, memory problems, and emotional distress long after having COVID-19. This ongoing condition is often referred to as post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Our study aimed to understand how these symptoms are related and whether staying involved in everyday activities like work or household tasks can help protect mental health. We surveyed people living with PCS to explore the links between fatigue, thinking difficulties, and emotional well-being. We also looked at whether being active in daily roles helped reduce emotional distress. The results showed that people who felt more tired or had more difficulty thinking clearly also reported worse mental health. However, being engaged in regular activities did not appear to reduce this emotional impact. We found that how people rated their thinking abilities mattered more for mental health than how they scored on formal thinking tests. This suggests that feeling unable to think clearly can be very upsetting, even if test results do not show problems. Our findings highlight the importance of supporting people's concerns about fatigue and cognitive symptoms and suggest that the way we measure activity and role functioning in daily life may need to be broadened to fully understand its role in recovery. OABL- eng OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cognition OT - Fatigue OT - Long Covid OT - Mental health OT - Role functioning OT - Structural equation modelling COIS- Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethical approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the QAPC study was obtained from the McGill University Health Centre Research Ethics Board (Project ID: 2022-8066). Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. EDAT- 2025/12/23 12:48 MHDA- 2025/12/23 12:49 CRDT- 2025/12/23 11:20 PHST- 2025/06/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/10/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/12/23 12:49 [medline] PHST- 2025/12/23 12:48 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/12/23 11:20 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11136-025-04122-7 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11136-025-04122-7 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Qual Life Res. 2025 Dec 23;35(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s11136-025-04122-7. PMID- 41258118 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260213 LR - 20260216 IS - 1433-8491 (Electronic) IS - 0940-1334 (Print) IS - 0940-1334 (Linking) VI - 276 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Feb TI - Cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue in post-COVID and post-vaccination syndrome: a large-scale cross-sectional study. PG - 221-234 LID - 10.1007/s00406-025-02144-3 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Persistent cognitive difficulties are among the most prevalent symptoms observed after COVID-19. This study examined the neuropsychological characteristics, mental health and risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). In addition, differences regarding the cognitive dysfunctions between individuals with PASC and Post-Vaccination Syndrome (PVS) were explored. METHODS: Participants were consecutively recruited at the Post-COVID Center of the University Hospital Erlangen in Germany (12/2022-02/2025). Assessments included a broad neuropsychological assessment: d2 Test of Attention, digit span backwards from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and module 1 (formal lexical fluency) of the Regensburger Verbal Fluency Test (RWT), along with assessments of depression, fatigue, and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein). RESULTS: The sample (N = 793, mean age: 46.1 +/- 12.4 years; 66.8% women) included n = 723 PASC patients and n = 70 PVS patients. In the total sample, deficits were most frequent in working speed (61.7%), attention (54.7%) and verbal fluency (48.8%); 30.3% showed multidomain impairment. Clinically significant depressive symptoms (64.5%) and fatigue (92.4%) were common. Cognitive patterns, depressive symptoms and fatigue in the PVS group closely resembled those observed in PASC. In PASC, lower education, older age, depressive symptoms, and elevated CRP were associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in PASC and PVS and appears to be influenced by both psychological and biological factors. Similar patterns identified in PVS suggest possible shared mechanisms. Further research is needed to clarify trajectories and optimize treatment strategies. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s). FAU - Hanc, Evelyne AU - Hanc E AUID- ORCID: 0009-0009-6008-9573 AD - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. evelyne.hanc@uk-erlangen.de. FAU - Koller, Katharina AU - Koller K AD - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. FAU - Herold, Regina AU - Herold R AD - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. FAU - Erim, Yesim AU - Erim Y AD - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. AD - Post-COVID Center of the University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. FAU - Morawa, Eva AU - Morawa E AD - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20251119 PL - Germany TA - Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci JT - European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience JID - 9103030 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Adult MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Fatigue/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology MH - *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology MH - *Depression/epidemiology/etiology MH - Germany/epidemiology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects MH - *Vaccination/adverse effects PMC - PMC12904920 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cognitive impairments OT - Depression OT - Fatigue OT - Neuropsychological assessment OT - Post-COVID syndrome OT - Post-Vaccination syndrome COIS- Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Avaliability of data and materials: The datasets analyzed during the current study contain sensitive patient information and are therefore not publicly avaliable due to ethical and legal restrictions. Aggregate statistical results relevant to the study are provided within the article. EDAT- 2025/11/19 12:28 MHDA- 2026/02/13 12:50 PMCR- 2025/11/19 CRDT- 2025/11/19 09:12 PHST- 2025/07/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/10/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/02/13 12:50 [medline] PHST- 2025/11/19 12:28 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/11/19 09:12 [entrez] PHST- 2025/11/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s00406-025-02144-3 [pii] AID - 2144 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00406-025-02144-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2026 Feb;276(1):221-234. doi: 10.1007/s00406-025-02144-3. Epub 2025 Nov 19. PMID- 41204293 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251108 LR - 20251112 IS - 1471-2458 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2458 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 1 DP - 2025 Nov 7 TI - Health service use and work related outcomes in older adults with functional and cognitive impairments during the COVID-19 pandemic. PG - 3846 LID - 10.1186/s12889-025-25129-2 [doi] LID - 3846 AB - BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had a lasting global health impact, with many survivors facing Long Covid. Older adults, already vulnerable to disability and cognitive decline, may also experience long-term challenges after COVID-19 infection. This study explores whether a history of COVID-19 infection interacts with pre-existing impairments in older adults, focusing on its effects on health services and work-related outcomes. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), spanning 2018 to 2022. Participants >/= 50 years old in 2018 with documented functional and cognitive status scores and self-reported presence or absence of COVID-19 infection were included. Functional status was assessed using the Functional Limitation score, and cognitive status using the Crimmins cognitive scale or Langa scale if the HRS respondents were represented by a proxy. Health services use and work outcomes were evaluated using the 2022 HRS survey. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association between baseline functional and cognitive status and outcomes, controlling for COVID-19 history, 2018 functional or cognitive status, age, gender, marital status, number of chronic conditions, household size, graduation from high school, and self-report of COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS: The study included 8,621 respondents. Those with severe functional limitations in 2018 were more likely to report health services use in 2022, irrespective of COVID-19 history. COVID-19 history did not significantly interact with baseline functional or cognitive impairments when evaluating health services use, ability to work, or disability benefit access. While older adults with moderate or severe functional limitations were more likely to report hospitalizations and nursing home stays, these outcomes were not significantly different based on COVID-19 history. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of older adults, the relationship between baseline functional and cognitive impairment with health services use, ability to work, or disability benefit access did not significantly vary by self-reported COVID-19 infection history. While COVID-19 may have long-term impacts on older populations, our data suggest that infection history alone did not amplify the effects of pre-existing impairments in those who survived the pandemic. Further research using validated measures of persistent symptoms is needed to understand how Long Covid may manifest in older adults. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s). FAU - Prasad, Priya A AU - Prasad PA AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, 521 Parnassus Ave, Box 0131, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. Priya.Prasad@ucsf.edu. FAU - Hubbard, Colin C AU - Hubbard CC AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, 521 Parnassus Ave, Box 0131, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. FAU - Cenzer, Irena AU - Cenzer I AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. FAU - Boscardin, John AU - Boscardin J AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. FAU - Weerahandi, Himali AU - Weerahandi H AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, 521 Parnassus Ave, Box 0131, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. LA - eng GR - Project ID140673V/California Department of Public Health CPR3 program/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20251107 PL - England TA - BMC Public Health JT - BMC public health JID - 100968562 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Female MH - Aged MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - *Functional Status MH - *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data MH - Pandemics MH - SARS-CoV-2 PMC - PMC12598834 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cognitive limitations OT - Functional limitations OT - Health and retirement study OT - Health services use OT - Long Covid OT - Older adults COIS- Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study which included the use of de-identified data was deemed not human subjects research by the UCSF Institutional Review Board. UCSF ascribes unequivocally to the principles of The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2025/11/08 00:28 MHDA- 2025/11/08 06:28 PMCR- 2025/11/07 CRDT- 2025/11/07 23:56 PHST- 2025/06/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/09/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/11/08 06:28 [medline] PHST- 2025/11/08 00:28 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/11/07 23:56 [entrez] PHST- 2025/11/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12889-025-25129-2 [pii] AID - 25129 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12889-025-25129-2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Public Health. 2025 Nov 7;25(1):3846. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-25129-2. PMID- 41169891 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20251031 LR - 20251102 IS - 2296-2360 (Print) IS - 2296-2360 (Electronic) IS - 2296-2360 (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2025 TI - Exploring long COVID in pediatric patients: clinical insights from a long COVID clinic. PG - 1640747 LID - 10.3389/fped.2025.1640747 [doi] LID - 1640747 AB - BACKGROUND: Long COVID describes the persistence or recurrence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection and is increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. Despite its prevalence, understanding of symptom patterns and the influence of vaccination on disease trajectory in pediatric populations remains limited. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients aged 0-21 years evaluated at the Long COVID Clinic at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between August 2021 and November 2023. Patients were included if they reported persistent or new symptoms >/=4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 13.1 years, and 51% were male. Symptom onset occurred a mean of 5 weeks after infection. At presentation, 56% of patients reported symptoms lasting 0-24 weeks, 28% for 25-52 weeks, and 16% for >52 weeks. Fatigue (93%) and headache (70%) were the most prevalent symptoms in both younger (<12 years) and older (>12 years) cohorts. Female patients more frequently reported brain fog, dizziness, palpitations, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Overall symptom burden decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001). Vaccination status at baseline was not associated with difference in symptom duration on initial presentation (p = 0.4). However, among those vaccinated after developing long COVID, 41% reported subjective improvement in the following weeks. CONCLUSION: Pediatric long COVID is marked by prolonged, multisystem symptoms. Vaccination may offer symptomatic benefit for some patients, though larger prospective studies are necessary to better define its role. CI - (c) 2025 Kamel, Vu, Bender, Warburton, Wood and Mohandas. FAU - Kamel, Dina AU - Kamel D AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Vu, My H AU - Vu MH AD - Biostatistics and Data Management Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Bender, Jeffery AU - Bender J AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Warburton, David AU - Warburton D AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Wood, John C AU - Wood JC AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. AD - Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Mohandas, Sindhu AU - Mohandas S AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20251015 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Pediatr JT - Frontiers in pediatrics JID - 101615492 PMC - PMC12568432 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID 19 vaccine OT - COVID-19 OT - PASC OT - long COVID OT - post COVID COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2025/10/31 06:26 MHDA- 2025/10/31 06:27 PMCR- 2025/10/15 CRDT- 2025/10/31 04:51 PHST- 2025/06/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/09/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/10/31 06:27 [medline] PHST- 2025/10/31 06:26 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/10/31 04:51 [entrez] PHST- 2025/10/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fped.2025.1640747 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Pediatr. 2025 Oct 15;13:1640747. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1640747. eCollection 2025. PMID- 41161981 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251029 LR - 20251029 IS - 1557-9832 (Electronic) IS - 0272-2712 (Linking) VI - 45 IP - 4 DP - 2025 Dec TI - Hemostatic Disorders Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, COVID-19 Vaccination, and Long-COVID Syndrome: Current Evidence and Controversies in Clinical Practice. PG - 643-655 LID - S0272-2712(25)00062-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.cll.2025.07.008 [doi] AB - The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented profound global health challenges. Beyond acute illness, a substantial proportion of individuals experience persistent symptoms including fatigue, brain fog, and post-exertional malaise, collectively known as Long-COVID. Among the complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, hemostatic disorders ranging from mild platelet dysfunction to severe thromboembolic events, and rare but serious coagulation-related adverse effects, such as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, have emerged as a significant concern. Herein we provide an overview of current information and controversies surrounding hemostatic complications in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. CI - Copyright (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Vishnu, Prakash AU - Vishnu P AD - Fred Hutch Cancer Center, 825 Eastlake Avenue E (LG7-710), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: pvishnu1@uw.edu. FAU - Aboulafia, David M AU - Aboulafia DM AD - University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Floyd and Delores Jones Cancer Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20250811 PL - United States TA - Clin Lab Med JT - Clinics in laboratory medicine JID - 8100174 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/complications/prevention & control MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects MH - *Hemostatic Disorders/etiology MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - *Vaccination/adverse effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 vaccine OT - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection OT - Thrombosis OT - Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia COIS- Disclosures The authors have no commercial or financial conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr Aboulafia receives funding from a National Institutes of Health, United States grant as a member of the AIDS Malignancy Consortium. EDAT- 2025/10/30 00:27 MHDA- 2025/10/30 00:28 CRDT- 2025/10/29 21:54 PHST- 2025/10/30 00:28 [medline] PHST- 2025/10/30 00:27 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/10/29 21:54 [entrez] AID - S0272-2712(25)00062-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.cll.2025.07.008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Lab Med. 2025 Dec;45(4):643-655. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2025.07.008. Epub 2025 Aug 11. PMID- 41146907 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20251028 LR - 20251030 IS - 2666-3546 (Electronic) IS - 2666-3546 (Linking) VI - 49 DP - 2025 Nov TI - Blood diagnostic biomarkers for neurologic manifestations of long COVID. PG - 101110 LID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101110 [doi] LID - 101110 AB - BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19 caused a global pandemic, with billions of infections, millions of deaths and ongoing manifestations post COVID-19. "Long Covid", a Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), is an ongoing global healthcare problem, affecting all age groups, with many manifestations, and occurring despite vaccines and antivirals. Neurologic manifestations of PASC (Neuro-PASC) such as brain fog can last for years and are amongst the most debilitating and prevalent. There is a need for diagnostic tools and treatments. METHODS: Plasma samples from 48 non-hospitalized PASC patients with diagnosed Neuro-PASC symptoms (NP), 20 convalescent control (CC) subjects, and 24 unvaccinated healthy control (HC) subjects, was used to generate data on over 7000 proteins using the SomaLogic(R) proteomics platform. ProViz(R) software was used to perform T-tests, U-Tests, ANOVA and Kruskalis-Wallis tests at a Bonferroni p < 0.05 and a Benjamini-Hochberg corrected False Discovery Rate <0.02, and box plots and knowhow used to identify diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. RESULTS: C5a, TGFbeta1, and Gliomedin, used together differentiated patients with Neuro-PASC from control subjects with 94 % sensitivity and 86 % specificity, a 90 % accuracy. Additional biomarkers, Gal3ST1, IFNlambda1, and GHRH, improved accuracy to 94 %, and a combination of 5 more biomarkers, LFA-3, FASLG + Transgelin-1 and GPNMB + IGHG1, improved accuracy close to 100 %. These markers are suggestive of pathways involved in Neuro-PASC pathogenesis. A dozen partly overlying biomarkers were modulated to which there are FDA approved drugs. CONCLUSION: C5a, TGFbeta1, Gliomedin expressed highly in serum could be developed as a diagnostic tool, and with clinical assessment used to personalize treatments with repurposed novel drugs. CI - (c) 2025 Percheron Therapeutics Limited. FAU - Padhye, A S AU - Padhye AS AD - Percheron Therapeutics Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. FAU - Koralnik, I J AU - Koralnik IJ AD - Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. FAU - Hanson, B A AU - Hanson BA AD - Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. FAU - Visvabharathy, L AU - Visvabharathy L AD - Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA. FAU - DeLisle, R K AU - DeLisle RK AD - Glysade LLC, Aurora, CO, 80016, USA. FAU - Tachas, G AU - Tachas G AD - Percheron Therapeutics Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250925 PL - United States TA - Brain Behav Immun Health JT - Brain, behavior, & immunity - health JID - 101759062 PMC - PMC12554056 COIS- The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr Koralnik, Dr Hanson, as employees of Northwestern University and Dr Visvabharathy as an employee of the University of Chicago (at the time of the study an employee of Northwestern University) have no competing financial interest or relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.Dr DeLisle, Glysade LLC, at the time of the study an employee of SomaLogic, Inc, Boulder, CO 80301, USA, have no competing financial interest or relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.Mr Padhye and Dr Tachas at the time of the study, were employees of the sponsor Percheron Therapeutics Ltd (formerly Antisense Therapeutics Ltd), and received payment for services from the sponsor as employees. Mr Padhye was until January 31, 2025 an employee of the sponsor.Dr George Tachas was until March 7, 2025 an employee of the sponsor and holds an equity interest in the sponsor. Dr Tachas is the named inventor on the sponsor's patent application PCT/AU2023/050777 in relation to diagnosis and treatment of neuro-PASC, and in the process of in-licensing via an agreement with the sponsor.The author's interest does not influence the objectivity and integrity of work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2025/10/28 06:30 MHDA- 2025/10/28 06:31 PMCR- 2025/09/25 CRDT- 2025/10/28 04:08 PHST- 2025/02/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/08/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/09/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/10/28 06:31 [medline] PHST- 2025/10/28 06:30 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/10/28 04:08 [entrez] PHST- 2025/09/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2666-3546(25)00168-1 [pii] AID - 101110 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101110 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Brain Behav Immun Health. 2025 Sep 25;49:101110. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101110. eCollection 2025 Nov. PMID- 40952641 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251114 LR - 20261010 IS - 1538-2443 (Electronic) IS - 1355-0284 (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 5 DP - 2025 Oct TI - Cognitive and vascular (dys)function after COVID-19. PG - 450-461 LID - 10.1007/s13365-025-01276-5 [doi] AB - COVID-19 is a systemic infection that causes endothelial dysfunction, contributing to severe cases. While vascular complications are well-documented, their impact on vascular structure, function, and cognition remains unclear. This cross-sectional study explored vascular and cognitive differences across patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, examining correlations between global cognitive performance and vascular parameters. This study included 83 working-age patients (30-65 years, both sexes) who recovered from COVID-19 within 6-12 months. They were grouped by severity: mild (outpatients, no oxygen support), moderate (hospitalized, conventional oxygen therapy), and severe (hospitalized, advanced oxygen therapy). Exclusions included pre-existing cognitive or neurological conditions, significant atherosclerosis, malignancies, and prior COVID-19 vaccination. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, while vascular parameters - carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), beta stiffness index (beta index), mean flow velocity (MVs), maximum velocity after breath-holding (MV-BH), and breath-holding index (BHI) - were evaluated using duplex ultrasound and transcranial Doppler. Patients with severe COVID-19 had the highest carotid stiffness and poorest cerebrovascular reactivity. While MoCA scores showed no significant group differences, 23-40% had mild cognitive impairment. MoCA scores negatively correlated with beta index in mild group (rho=--0.453; p = 0.034), while MVs positively correlated with MoCA in severe cases (rho = 0.414; p = 0.028). The association between arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment in mild cases, suggests lasting effects of SARS-CoV-2 rather than pre-existing conditions. These findings highlight carotid stiffness as a key factor in post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, emphasizing early risk identification for timely intervention. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc. FAU - Ilic, Aleksandra D AU - Ilic AD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1900-3733 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. aleksandra.dj.ilic@mf.uns.ac.rs. AD - Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. aleksandra.dj.ilic@mf.uns.ac.rs. FAU - Galic, Vladimir AU - Galic V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3961-1792 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. AD - Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. FAU - Ignjatovic, Vojislava Bugarski AU - Ignjatovic VB AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9742-6512 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. AD - Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. FAU - Nikolasevic, Zeljka AU - Nikolasevic Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0229-1887 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. FAU - Vlahovic, Dmitar AU - Vlahovic D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0198-0111 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. AD - Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. FAU - Knezovic, Goran AU - Knezovic G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3454-8192 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. AD - Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. FAU - Boban, Jasmina AU - Boban J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9701-5484 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. AD - Center for Imaging Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia. FAU - Kozic, Dusko AU - Kozic D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6007-7072 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. AD - Center for Imaging Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia. FAU - Zivanovic, Zeljko AU - Zivanovic Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5414-8623 AD - Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova Street 1-9, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. AD - Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. LA - eng GR - 142-451-3523/2023-01/Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250915 PL - United States TA - J Neurovirol JT - Journal of neurovirology JID - 9508123 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/virology MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Carotid Intima-Media Thickness MH - Vascular Stiffness/physiology MH - SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology/virology/diagnostic imaging/etiology MH - Cognition MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial OTO - NOTNLM OT - Breath holding index OT - Carotid stiffness OT - Cerebrovascular reactivity OT - Cognition OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - Beta index COIS- Declarations. Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina (approval number 00-421/2020). All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with 1964. Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent to participate: Informed written consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data sharing statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. EDAT- 2025/09/15 12:35 MHDA- 2025/11/14 12:31 CRDT- 2025/09/15 11:23 PHST- 2025/04/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/08/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/08/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/11/14 12:31 [medline] PHST- 2025/09/15 12:35 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/09/15 11:23 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s13365-025-01276-5 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s13365-025-01276-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Neurovirol. 2025 Oct;31(5):450-461. doi: 10.1007/s13365-025-01276-5. Epub 2025 Sep 15. PMID- 40944962 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250916 LR - 20260325 IS - 1099-1654 (Electronic) IS - 1052-9276 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 5 DP - 2025 Sep TI - Post-COVID-19 Vaccination (or Long Vax) Syndrome: Putative Manifestation, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Options. PG - e70070 LID - 10.1002/rmv.70070 [doi] AB - With the global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine safety remains a priority. Emerging concerns have raised the potential risk of a long COVID-like syndrome following vaccination, informally called long Vax and provisionally termed post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS). Our narrative review describes the putative manifestation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches of PCVS based on the available evidence, mostly from case reports/series and observational studies. Our review noted that PCVS typically manifests within days to weeks post-vaccination, with symptoms lasting months to years. PCVS may present as recognized diagnoses such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), small-fibre neuropathy (SFN), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), or as long-term sequelae of myocarditis, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT), or immune thrombocytopaenia purpura (ITP). Symptomatically, PCVS overlaps with long COVID, such as fatigue and brain fog, but PCVS may involve more frequent paraesthesia and less dyspnoea. We also review pathophysiological hypotheses of PCVS, focussing on the vaccine-derived spike protein and related immune responses. Finally, we discuss potential therapies used to treat patients with PCVS or related conditions, primarily documented in case reports/series, which could guide future clinical research. Overall, PCVS remains a poorly understood condition that requires more research to elucidate its prevalence, prognosis, risk factors, and treatments. CI - (c) 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Yong, Shin Jie AU - Yong SJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9752-8386 AD - School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia. FAU - Kenny, Tiff-Annie AU - Kenny TA AD - Departement de medecine sociale et preventive, Faculte de medecine de l'universite Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. AD - Centre de recherche du CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. FAU - Halim, Alice AU - Halim A AD - Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton NHS Foundation Trust, Bolton, UK. FAU - Munipalli, Bala AU - Munipalli B AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. FAU - Alhashem, Yousef N AU - Alhashem YN AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4435-3003 AD - Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - AlSaihati, Hajir AU - AlSaihati H AD - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Al-Subaie, Maha F AU - Al-Subaie MF AD - Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AD - College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Al Kaabi, Nawal A AU - Al Kaabi NA AD - College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. AD - Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, UAE. FAU - Al Fares, Mona A AU - Al Fares MA AD - Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Garout, Mohammed AU - Garout M AD - Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Sabour, Amal A AU - Sabour AA AD - Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alshiekheid, Maha A AU - Alshiekheid MA AD - Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Almansour, Zainab H AU - Almansour ZH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0227-6863 AD - Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alotaibi, Jawaher AU - Alotaibi J AD - Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alrasheed, Hayam A AU - Alrasheed HA AUID- ORCID: 0009-0002-6186-848X AD - Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alamri, Aref A AU - Alamri AA AD - Molecular Microbiology and Cytogenetics Department, Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Albayat, Hawra AU - Albayat H AD - Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alamodi, Ameera Saeed AU - Alamodi AS AD - Department of Pharmacy, Mental Health Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Tombuloglu, Huseyin AU - Tombuloglu H AD - Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Mohapatra, Ranjan K AU - Mohapatra RK AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7623-3343 AD - Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, India. FAU - Hazazi, Ali AU - Hazazi A AD - College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Rabaan, Ali A AU - Rabaan AA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6774-9847 AD - College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AD - Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. AD - Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Rev Med Virol JT - Reviews in medical virology JID - 9112448 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology MH - *Vaccination/adverse effects MH - SARS-CoV-2/immunology MH - Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic MH - Syndrome OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 vaccines OT - mRNA vaccine OT - post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome OT - spike protein OT - vaccine safety EDAT- 2025/09/13 18:29 MHDA- 2025/09/16 06:36 CRDT- 2025/09/13 14:52 PHST- 2025/07/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/05/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/08/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/09/16 06:36 [medline] PHST- 2025/09/13 18:29 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/09/13 14:52 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/rmv.70070 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Med Virol. 2025 Sep;35(5):e70070. doi: 10.1002/rmv.70070. PMID- 40933864 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20250915 LR - 20250915 IS - 2666-3546 (Electronic) IS - 2666-3546 (Linking) VI - 48 DP - 2025 Oct TI - Neurocognitive trajectories in long COVID: Evidence from longitudinal analyses. PG - 101093 LID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101093 [doi] LID - 101093 AB - BACKGROUND: Patients frequently report symptoms of cognitive impairment or "brain fog" after acute COVID-19 infection, but the trajectory of these symptoms over time has yet to be determined. We assessed cognitive function over a 42-month period after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified factors associated with the trajectory of cognitive function over this period. METHODS: We analyzed data from participants in the Mount Sinai Health System Post-COVID-19 Registry in New York City, a prospective cohort study of adults followed after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of any severity. Participants were identified from a list of all patients with COVID-19 who received care at an MSHS facility in New York, recruited beginning April 2020 and followed through January 2024. Cognition was assessed using well-validated in-person measures of attention, working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, language, and memory. We used linear mixed models to investigate the relationships between cognitive scores and time. We also assessed factors (including race, ethnicity, site of acute COVID-19 care, fatigue, depression, anxiety, body mass index, medical comorbidities, and COVID-19 vaccination) that may influence changes in cognitive scores over time. FINDINGS: We analyzed data from 1553 participants (median age 53 years, 63 % female, 17 % Black, 21 % Hispanic). In adjusted analyses, scores from cognitive measures of attention, working memory, processing speed, executive functions, and verbal learning and memory improved progressively through 42 months post-COVID. However, despite the improvements, on average, measures of processing speed and executive functioning remained >/=1 standard deviation below the normative mean. Having a body mass index of <25 kg/m(2) was predictive of a greater improvement in cognitive scores. INTERPRETATION: While cognitive impairment occurring after COVID-19 improved over time in most domains, processing speed and executive functioning remained below the normal range. The cognitive health burden of Long COVID is therefore significant and lasting. Future studies should examine interventions to support rapid recovery, as well as dynamic risk prediction models to determine factors that may impact cognitive recovery longer term. CI - (c) 2025 The Authors. FAU - Becker, Jacqueline H AU - Becker JH AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Li, Jia AU - Li J AD - Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Lin, Jenny J AU - Lin JJ AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Federman, Alex AU - Federman A AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Bagiella, Emilia AU - Bagiella E AD - Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science & Policy, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Kale, Minal S AU - Kale MS AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Fierer, Daniel AU - Fierer D AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Bartram, Logan AU - Bartram L AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. FAU - Wisnivesky, Juan P AU - Wisnivesky JP AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. AD - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250819 PL - United States TA - Brain Behav Immun Health JT - Brain, behavior, & immunity - health JID - 101759062 PMC - PMC12419117 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Cognitive impairment OT - Long COVID COIS- JPW has received consulting honorarium from 10.13039/100004339Sanofi, 10.13039/100009457American Medical Association, BionTech, Banook and PPD research grants from 10.13039/100004339Sanofi, 10.13039/100009857Regeneron and Axella. Other authors report no competing interests. EDAT- 2025/09/11 18:29 MHDA- 2025/09/11 18:30 PMCR- 2025/08/19 CRDT- 2025/09/11 12:44 PHST- 2025/05/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/07/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/08/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/09/11 18:30 [medline] PHST- 2025/09/11 18:29 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/09/11 12:44 [entrez] PHST- 2025/08/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2666-3546(25)00151-6 [pii] AID - 101093 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101093 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Brain Behav Immun Health. 2025 Aug 19;48:101093. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101093. eCollection 2025 Oct. PMID- 40512699 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250613 LR - 20261016 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 6 DP - 2025 TI - Severity, mortality, long COVID-19, and quality of life: Insights from a cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the delta variant predominance period in Thailand. PG - e0324061 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0324061 [doi] LID - e0324061 AB - BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020, has had significant global impacts, with Thailand reporting over 4.6 million cases and 32,000 fatalities by September 2022. Long COVID, or Post-COVID Conditions (PCC), affects 10-30% of COVID-19 patients globally, with symptoms lasting beyond three months. Common issues include fatigue, brain fog, respiratory problems, and psychological effects such as anxiety and depression. Symptoms can persist regardless of the initial infection severity, and ongoing research continues to refine understanding and management strategies. To address residual symptoms of COVID-19 during the Delta variant predominance period, a study was conducted from July to December 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The study aimed to describe the characteristics of COVID-19 patients, explore the Long COVID symptoms experienced by patients after discharge, and assess their quality of life. METHODS: The study characterized 604 are moderate to severe COVID-19 patients at Tertiary Care Hospital during the Delta wave in Thailand (July-December 2021), using secondary data from medical records. Confirmed cases were cohort monitored using a Long COVID questionnaire for symptoms, chronic conditions, and social impact a year after discharge. Quality of life was evaluated using the SF-12 questionnaire (SF-12: 12-Item Short Form Survey). Long COVID, in this study, is defined as the persistence or emergence of one or more physical, psychological, or cognitive symptoms that last for more than 12 weeks after the initial onset of COVID-19 and cannot be explained by alternative diagnoses. This includes, but is not limited to, symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, cognitive dysfunction ("brain fog"), insomnia, anxiety, or depression. FINDINGS: Most patients were Thai (85.9%) and female (57.3%), with obesity common among those aged 18-60 (48.3%). Severe cases and mortality were higher in patients over 60 (30.2%) and unvaccinated patients (60.4%). Severity was related with male gender, older age, lack of antiviral use, and being unvaccinated; overweight status, comorbidities, and abnormal chest x-rays were not significant. Deaths were influenced by gender, age, and antiviral use, but not hospital stay duration, overweight status, comorbidities, or vaccination status. At one-year follow-up, Long COVID symptoms were reported in a small proportion of patients (4.2% shortness of breath, 1.5% chronic cough), mostly in adults and older adults. Other symptoms were rare (<1%) and limited to the 18-60 age group. No severe neurological or systemic symptoms were reported. One-year post-hospitalization, 79.15% had no Long COVID symptoms. Quality of life scores were high (Physical Component Summary: PCS = 48.62, Mental Component Summary: MCS = 50.65). INTERPRETATION: This study found a very low prevalence of Long COVID symptoms, which may be due to the severity of the Delta variant leading to higher mortality among patients with severe illness. Those who survived and recovered mostly had moderate symptoms and were predominantly under 60 years of age, which may explain the lower occurrence of Long COVID in this group. The majority of COVID-19 patients in Chiang Mai experienced moderate symptoms and had a high survival rate. Despite varied long COVID symptoms, most reported good physical and mental health one year after recovery. These findings highlight the resilience of patients and the importance of monitoring long-term health outcomes. CI - Copyright: (c) 2025 Khammawan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. FAU - Khammawan, Pimpinan AU - Khammawan P AUID- ORCID: 0009-0007-4309-1802 AD - Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. AD - Nakornping Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Thongprachum, Aksara AU - Thongprachum A AD - Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Intawong, Kannikar AU - Intawong K AD - Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. FAU - Chariyalertsak, Suwat AU - Chariyalertsak S AD - Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250613 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/mortality/epidemiology/virology/pathology MH - Thailand/epidemiology MH - *Quality of Life MH - Male MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification MH - Hospitalization MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Cohort Studies MH - Anxiety MH - Fatigue PMC - PMC12165381 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2025/06/13 18:27 MHDA- 2025/06/13 18:28 PMCR- 2025/06/13 CRDT- 2025/06/13 13:33 PHST- 2024/08/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/04/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/06/13 18:28 [medline] PHST- 2025/06/13 18:27 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/06/13 13:33 [entrez] PHST- 2025/06/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-24-33832 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0324061 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2025 Jun 13;20(6):e0324061. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324061. eCollection 2025. PMID- 40483742 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250714 LR - 20260501 IS - 1878-5883 (Electronic) IS - 0022-510X (Linking) VI - 475 DP - 2025 Aug 15 TI - Impact of brain volume on coronavirus disease of 2019 severity and subsequent cognitive decline in patients with multiple sclerosis. PG - 123552 LID - S0022-510X(25)00169-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jns.2025.123552 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Clinical disability is among the risk factors of a more severe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) course in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), but might provide an insensitive reflection of actual tissue pathology. Brain volume loss has emerged as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proxy of neurodegeneration in PwMS. Our main objective was to investigate whether brain volume predicts COVID-19 severity in PwMS. METHODS: Clinical data of PwMS followed at the Belgian National Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center in Melsbroek are collected in a local database in case of COVID-19 diagnosis. One hundred ninety-eight unique PwMS with a suitable 3D brain MRI available, conducted maximally 24 months before their COVID-19 infection, were included. RESULTS: An unfavorable outcome due to COVID-19 was noted in fourteen PwMS (hospitalization: 7.1 %, death: 0.5 %). Neither global nor regional normalized brain volumes predicted COVID-19 severity. Similar results were obtained in patients fulfilling the criteria for benign MS. Being unprotected by vaccination was the only variable significantly associated with a poor COVID-19 outcome (OR 3.7; CI 1.2-10.2). We observed a significant worsening of Symbol Digit Modality Test performance in PwMS with the lowest (Q4) whole brain volume, as compared to those with the highest (Q1) (2.2 +/- 8.5 versus -1.2 +/- 9.1; P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Brain volume does not predict COVID-19 outcome in PwMS, including those with benign MS. Unvaccinated individuals remain susceptible to developing a more severe infection. PwMS with the most profound pre-existing brain atrophy may be at risk for cognitive deterioration after COVID-19. CI - Copyright (c) 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Devogelaere, Jens AU - Devogelaere J AD - Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences, NEUR and/or AIMS Research Groups, Brussels, Belgium; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Van Remoortel, Ann AU - Van Remoortel A AD - Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium. FAU - Van Laethem, Delphine AU - Van Laethem D AD - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences, NEUR and/or AIMS Research Groups, Brussels, Belgium; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Faille, Laetitia Della AU - Faille LD AD - Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium. FAU - D'hooghe, Marie B AU - D'hooghe MB AD - Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences, NEUR and/or AIMS Research Groups, Brussels, Belgium; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Van Schependom, Jeroen AU - Van Schependom J AD - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences, NEUR and/or AIMS Research Groups, Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, ETRO Department, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Stastna, Dominika AU - Stastna D AD - Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia. FAU - Uher, Tomas AU - Uher T AD - Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia. FAU - Nagels, Guy AU - Nagels G AD - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences, NEUR and/or AIMS Research Groups, Brussels, Belgium; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium; Icometrix, Leuven, Belgium. FAU - D'Haeseleer, Miguel AU - D'Haeseleer M AD - Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences, NEUR and/or AIMS Research Groups, Brussels, Belgium; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: miguel.dhaeseleer@mscenter.be. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250529 PL - Netherlands TA - J Neurol Sci JT - Journal of the neurological sciences JID - 0375403 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/complications/diagnostic imaging MH - Male MH - Female MH - *Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging/complications/psychology/pathology MH - *Brain/diagnostic imaging/pathology MH - Middle Aged MH - Adult MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging/etiology MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Organ Size MH - Belgium MH - SARS-CoV-2 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brain volume loss OT - COVID-19 OT - Multiple sclerosis OT - Outcome OT - SDMT COIS- Declaration of competing interest JDV, AVR, DVL, LDF, MBD, JVS, DS, TU, MD have no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this study. GN is a shareholder of icometrix. EDAT- 2025/06/08 18:27 MHDA- 2025/07/15 00:30 CRDT- 2025/06/08 17:59 PHST- 2024/11/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/04/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/05/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/07/15 00:30 [medline] PHST- 2025/06/08 18:27 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/06/08 17:59 [entrez] AID - S0022-510X(25)00169-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jns.2025.123552 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Neurol Sci. 2025 Aug 15;475:123552. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2025.123552. Epub 2025 May 29. PMID- 40301791 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250430 LR - 20250502 IS - 1471-2334 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2334 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 1 DP - 2025 Apr 29 TI - Short and long-term trajectories of the post COVID-19 condition: Results from the EuCARE POSTCOVID study. PG - 625 LID - 10.1186/s12879-025-10805-w [doi] LID - 625 AB - BACKGROUND: Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) affects 10-40% of patients and is characterized by persisting symptoms at >/= 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms can last 7 or even more months. How long PCC persists and any changes in its clinical phenotypes over time require further investigation. We investigated PCC trajectories and factors associated with PCC persistence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included both hospitalized COVID-19 patients and outpatients from February 2020 to June 2023, who underwent at least one follow-up visit after acute infection at San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan. Follow-up visits were conducted at the post COVID-19 clinic or via telemedicine. During each follow-up examination, patients completed a short version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Case Report Form (CRF) for ongoing symptoms, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and a screening tool for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Statistical analyses involved Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We enrolled 853 patients (median age 62, IQR 52-73; 41% females). 551/853 (64.6%), 152/418 (36.4%) and 21/69 (30.4%) presented PCC at median follow up of 3 (IQR 2-3), 7 (IQR 6-10) and 26 (IQR 20-33) months, respectively (p < 0.001). The main clinical phenotypes were fatigue, respiratory sequelae, brain fog and chronic pain; anosmia/dysgeusia was observed mostly in the first post-acute period. Female sex, acute disease in 2020, a longer hospital stay and no COVID-19 vaccination were associated with persistence or resolution of PCC compared to never having had PCC. Anxiety, depression and PTSD were more common in PCC patients. By fitting a logistic regression analysis, acute infection in 2020 remained independently associated with persistent PCC, adjusting for age, sex, preexisting comorbidities and disease severity (AOR 0.479 for 2021 vs 2020, 95%CI 0.253-0.908, p = 0.024; AOR 0.771 for 2022 vs 2020, 95%CI 0.259-2.297, p = 0.641; AOR 0.086 for 2023 vs 2020, 95%CI 0.086-3.830, p = 0.565). CONCLUSIONS: There was a reduction in the PCC burden 7 months following the acute phase; still, one third of patients experienced long-lasting symptoms. The main clinical presentations of PCC remain fatigue, respiratory symptoms, brain fog, and chronic pain. Having had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic phases appears to be associated with persistent PCC. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s). FAU - Santoro, Andrea AU - Santoro A AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Bai, Francesca AU - Bai F AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Greco, Maria Francesca AU - Greco MF AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Rovito, Roberta AU - Rovito R AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Sala, Matteo AU - Sala M AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Borghi, Lidia AU - Borghi L AD - Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Clinical Psychology, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Piscopo, Kyrie AU - Piscopo K AD - Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Clinical Psychology, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Vegni, Elena AU - Vegni E AD - Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Clinical Psychology, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - de Morais Caporali, Julia Fonseca AU - de Morais Caporali JF AD - School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. FAU - Marinho, Carolina Coimbra AU - Marinho CC AD - School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. FAU - Leite, Arnaldo Santos AU - Leite AS AD - School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. FAU - Santoro, Maria Mercedes AU - Santoro MM AD - Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. FAU - Silberstein, Francesca Ceccherini AU - Silberstein FC AD - Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. FAU - Iannetta, Marco AU - Iannetta M AD - Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. FAU - Juozapaite, Dovile AU - Juozapaite D AD - Vilnius Santaros Klinikos Biobank, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania. FAU - Strumiliene, Edita AU - Strumiliene E AD - Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. FAU - Almeida, Andre AU - Almeida A AD - Department of Internal Medicine 4, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Lisboa Central, Centro Clinico Academico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. FAU - Toscano, Cristina AU - Toscano C AD - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal. FAU - Quinones, Jesus Arturo Ruiz AU - Quinones JAR AD - Hospital Juan Graham Casasus, Villahermosa, Tab, Mexico. FAU - Carioti, Luca AU - Carioti L AD - Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. FAU - Mommo, Chiara AU - Mommo C AD - EuResist Network GEIE, Rome, Italy. FAU - Fanti, Iuri AU - Fanti I AD - EuResist Network GEIE, Rome, Italy. FAU - Incardona, Francesca AU - Incardona F AD - EuResist Network GEIE, Rome, Italy. AD - InformaPRO S.R.L, Rome, Italy. FAU - Marchetti, Giulia AU - Marchetti G AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. giulia.marchetti@unimi.it. CN - EuCARE POSTCOVID study LA - eng GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ GR - No 101046016/Horizon 2020/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250429 PL - England TA - BMC Infect Dis JT - BMC infectious diseases JID - 100968551 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/complications/psychology/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Aged MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology MH - Anxiety/epidemiology MH - Depression/epidemiology MH - Fatigue PMC - PMC12039296 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Long COVID OT - Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 OT - Post COVID-19 condition OT - SARS-CoV-2 COIS- Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, ICH-GCP, and relevant national legal and regulatory requirements. The Ethics Committee Area A Milan and the Ethics Committee at each clinical research site have approved the study protocol, informed consent forms, and participant information materials before the beginning of the study commences (version 1.1; 08/02/2022). Each enrolled subjects sign an informed consent for study participation and personal data handling before enrollment. The confidentiality of all study participants will be protected, and all data will be kept confidential and stored in accordance with regulatory laws. Data dissemination will only occur in anonymous form, and personal information will not be released without the patient's written consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2025/04/30 00:31 MHDA- 2025/04/30 12:29 PMCR- 2025/04/29 CRDT- 2025/04/29 23:46 PHST- 2024/05/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/03/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/04/30 12:29 [medline] PHST- 2025/04/30 00:31 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/04/29 23:46 [entrez] PHST- 2025/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12879-025-10805-w [pii] AID - 10805 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12879-025-10805-w [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Apr 29;25(1):625. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-10805-w. PMID- 40084715 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250513 LR - 20250513 IS - 2047-2986 (Electronic) IS - 2047-2978 (Print) IS - 2047-2978 (Linking) VI - 15 DP - 2025 Mar 14 TI - Evolution of long COVID over two years in hospitalised and non-hospitalised survivors in Bangladesh: a longitudinal cohort study. PG - 04075 LID - 10.7189/jogh.15.04075 [doi] LID - 04075 AB - BACKGROUND: In developing settings, comparative data on COVID hospitalised survivors (HS) and non-hospitalised survivors (NHS) is scarce. We determined burdens, incidence, evolution, and associated factors of long COVID-19 over two years among these groups. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and recruited confirmed COVID-19 survivors from December 2020 to May 2021 (previously reported). 346 survivors underwent in-person follow-ups at five, nine, 18 months and two years post-infection. The assessment included long COVID symptoms, cardiorespiratory function, neuropsychiatric conditions, quality of life, and laboratory tests. The outcomes included one or more symptoms and/or signs indicative of long COVID, aligning closely with the World Health Organization definition of post-COVID-19 condition. RESULTS: Of the 346 participants, we included 326 in the analysis. 78% of HS (n/N = 171/219) and 62% of NHS (n/N = 55/89) reported at least one sequela symptom. HS had higher odds of palpitations, headaches, dizziness, sleeping difficulties, brain fog, muscle weakness, joint pain, hypertension, insulin requirement, poor quality of life, and prolonged corrected QT intervals on electrocardiogram compared to NHS at two years (95% confidence interval (CI)>1). Regarding evolution, sequelae-symptoms, neurological outcomes, restrictive spirometry findings, and electrocardiogram abnormalities remained unchanged, although psychiatric sequelae, quality of life, and exercise capacity improved in both groups. Hospital readmission rates significantly increased (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of palpitations, cough, and hypertension were higher in HS compared to NHS (95% CI>1). Two or more vaccine doses decreased the risk of respiratory (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.63-0.91) and psychiatric sequelae (aRR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.66-0.92) than one or no doses. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 survivors, particularly HS, experienced a higher burden of persistent symptoms and health issues two years after infection. However, vaccination significantly reduced the risk of respiratory and psychiatric outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing vaccination programs and the need for targeted rehabilitation services in low-resource settings. CI - Copyright (c) 2025 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved. FAU - Afroze, Farzana AU - Afroze F AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Arafat, Shohael Mahmud AU - Arafat SM AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Ahmed, Chowdhury Meshkat AU - Ahmed CM AD - Department of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Alam, Baharul AU - Alam B AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Banu, Sayera AU - Banu S AD - Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Islam, Md Zahidul AU - Islam MZ AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Mahfuz, Mustafa AU - Mahfuz M AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Qadri, Firdausi AU - Qadri F AD - Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman AU - Bhuiyan TR AD - Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Parvin, Irin AU - Parvin I AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Ackhter, Mst Mahmuda AU - Ackhter MM AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Islam, Farhana AU - Islam F AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Sultana, Monjeline AU - Sultana M AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Sultana, Eva AU - Sultana E AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Rahaman, Mohammad Ferdous Ur AU - Rahaman MFU AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Khan, Abed Hussain AU - Khan AH AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Hasan, Md Nazmul AU - Hasan MN AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Ahmed, Shahriar AU - Ahmed S AD - Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer AU - Chisti MJ AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Ahmed, Tahmeed AU - Ahmed T AD - Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250314 PL - Scotland TA - J Glob Health JT - Journal of global health JID - 101578780 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/therapy MH - Bangladesh/epidemiology MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Male MH - Female MH - *Survivors/statistics & numerical data MH - *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data MH - Adult MH - Middle Aged MH - Quality of Life MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Incidence PMC - PMC11907736 COIS- Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests. EDAT- 2025/03/14 11:22 MHDA- 2025/03/14 11:23 PMCR- 2025/03/14 CRDT- 2025/03/14 08:03 PHST- 2025/03/14 11:23 [medline] PHST- 2025/03/14 11:22 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/03/14 08:03 [entrez] PHST- 2025/03/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jogh-15-04075 [pii] AID - 10.7189/jogh.15.04075 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Glob Health. 2025 Mar 14;15:04075. doi: 10.7189/jogh.15.04075. PMID- 40074874 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250416 LR - 20250419 IS - 1432-1440 (Electronic) IS - 0946-2716 (Print) IS - 0946-2716 (Linking) VI - 103 IP - 4 DP - 2025 Apr TI - Longitudinal study on immunologic, lipoproteomic, and inflammatory responses indicates the safety of sequential COVID-19 vaccination. PG - 421-433 LID - 10.1007/s00109-025-02527-y [doi] AB - COVID-19 vaccines are crucial in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and severe health outcomes. Despite widespread administration, their long-term systemic effects on human metabolism remain inadequately understood. This longitudinal study aims to evaluate IgG responses, 34 cytokines, 112 lipoproteins, and 21 low-molecular-weight metabolites in 33 individuals receiving two to four COVID-19 vaccine doses. Changes in metabolic profiles for the first 16 days post each dose of vaccine, and up to 480 days post-initial dose, were compared to baseline (before vaccination). Additionally, metabolic profiles of vaccinated participants were compared to a reference cohort of unvaccinated individuals without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection (controls) and SARS-CoV-2 cases. Positive IgG responses were observed in 78.8% (N = 26) of participants after the first dose, reaching 100% with subsequent doses. The most common side effects were localized pain at the injection site and "flu-like" symptoms, reported by > 50% of participants. Systemic side effects, e.g., sore lymph nodes, fatigue, and brain fog, were reported but showed no significant correlations to IgG responses. Transient temporal changes were observed for cytokine IP10 (CXCL10) and glutamic acid around the third vaccine dose. Compared to the reference cohort, 497 vaccinated samples (95.0%) had profiles similar to the controls, while the remaining 26 samples with prior infection exposures were similar to mild cases of SARS-CooV-2 infection. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccination did not induce lasting changes in inflammatory and metabolic responses, nor did it induce changes similar to mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This supports the metabolic safety of the vaccine and contributes to increased vaccine confidence. KEY MESSAGES: Minimal changes in inflammatory/metabolic markers up to 480 days post-vaccination. Transient increase in IP10 (CXCL10) and glutamic acid around the third dose. Post-vaccination IgG response did not alter metabolic profiles like SARS-CoV-2 cases. Our findings provide insights into the safety of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s). FAU - Lang, Jurissa AU - Lang J AUID- ORCID: 0009-0005-3959-0946 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Bernal, Andres AU - Bernal A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1668-7225 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Wist, Julien AU - Wist J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3416-2572 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. AD - Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali, 76001, Colombia. AD - Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. FAU - Egan, Siobhon AU - Egan S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4395-4069 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Bong, Sze How AU - Bong SH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3313-5097 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Millet, Oscar AU - Millet O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8748-4105 AD - Centro de Investigacion Cooperativa en Biociencias -CIC bioGUNE, Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain. FAU - Ryan, Monique AU - Ryan M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9188-7097 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Lee, Aude-Claire AU - Lee AC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9692-9396 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Hall, Drew AU - Hall D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6562-2335 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Nitschke, Philipp AU - Nitschke P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5814-7529 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Masuda, Reika AU - Masuda R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4891-7830 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. FAU - Imrie, Allison AU - Imrie A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4715-6662 AD - School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia. FAU - Holmes, Elaine AU - Holmes E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0556-8389 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. AD - Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. FAU - Nicholson, Jeremy AU - Nicholson J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8123-8349 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. Jeremy.Nicholson@murdoch.edu.au. AD - Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. Jeremy.Nicholson@murdoch.edu.au. AD - Institute of Global Health and Innovation, Imperial College London, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. Jeremy.Nicholson@murdoch.edu.au. FAU - Loo, Ruey Leng AU - Loo RL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5307-5709 AD - Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. rueyleng.loo@murdoch.edu.au. LA - eng GR - 2014349/Western Australian State Government, and the MRFF/ GR - PID2021-124171OB-I00/Agencia Estatal de Investigacion/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250312 PL - Germany TA - J Mol Med (Berl) JT - Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) JID - 9504370 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Male MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration & dosage MH - Middle Aged MH - Adult MH - *SARS-CoV-2/immunology MH - Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology MH - Cytokines/blood MH - Vaccination/adverse effects MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology MH - Inflammation/immunology MH - Proteomics/methods MH - Aged PMC - PMC12003606 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 vaccine OT - IgG responses OT - Inflammation OT - Longitudinal study OT - Metabolomics OT - SARS-CoV-2 infection COIS- Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All participants used in the current study provided informed consent, and ethical approvals were obtained from the Murdoch University Human Research Ethics Committee (project numbers 2021/49, 2020/052, and 2020/053). Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2025/03/13 06:28 MHDA- 2025/04/16 14:34 PMCR- 2025/03/12 CRDT- 2025/03/13 00:20 PHST- 2024/09/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/02/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/02/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/04/16 14:34 [medline] PHST- 2025/03/13 06:28 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/03/13 00:20 [entrez] PHST- 2025/03/12 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s00109-025-02527-y [pii] AID - 2527 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00109-025-02527-y [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Mol Med (Berl). 2025 Apr;103(4):421-433. doi: 10.1007/s00109-025-02527-y. Epub 2025 Mar 12. PMID- 39911555 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250207 IS - 1664-0640 (Print) IS - 1664-0640 (Electronic) IS - 1664-0640 (Linking) VI - 15 DP - 2024 TI - Case report: Development of anxiety symptoms after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccine: a case series. PG - 1514428 LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1514428 [doi] LID - 1514428 AB - Severe acute respiratory sindrome - Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Coronavirus disease - 19 (COVID-19)) infection can result in long-term health consequences, such as long COVID. The clinical manifestations of long COVID include depression, anxiety, brain fog with cognitive dysfunction, memory issues, and fatigue. However, the links between vaccination and psychiatric disorders have been less studied. This article describes three patients who reported anxiety after receiving a complete course of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. It is important to explore the relationship between anxiety, other mental health disorders, and COVID-19 vaccination, as well as to investigate potential pathogenetic mechanisms. CI - Copyright (c) 2025 Taube and Lesina. FAU - Taube, Maris AU - Taube M AD - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia. AD - Department of Depression and Crisis, National Centre of Mental Health, Riga, Latvia. FAU - Lesina, Alise Alma AU - Lesina AA AD - Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250122 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Psychiatry JT - Frontiers in psychiatry JID - 101545006 PMC - PMC11794314 OTO - NOTNLM OT - BioNTech162 vaccine OT - COVID-19 vaccines OT - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine OT - anxiety OT - case reports COIS- The author has received financial benefits for participation in boards and as a speaker from the following pharmaceutical companies: Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Gedeon Richter, Johnson & Johnson, Olainfarm, Grindex, and Medochemie. EDAT- 2025/02/06 06:20 MHDA- 2025/02/06 06:21 PMCR- 2025/01/22 CRDT- 2025/02/06 04:30 PHST- 2024/10/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/12/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/02/06 06:21 [medline] PHST- 2025/02/06 06:20 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/02/06 04:30 [entrez] PHST- 2025/01/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1514428 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Psychiatry. 2025 Jan 22;15:1514428. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1514428. eCollection 2024. PMID- 39881668 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250131 IS - 2666-6065 (Electronic) IS - 2666-6065 (Linking) VI - 52 DP - 2024 Nov TI - Long COVID facts and findings: a large-scale online survey in 74,075 Chinese participants. PG - 101218 LID - 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101218 [doi] LID - 101218 AB - BACKGROUND: Research on long COVID in China is limited, particularly in terms of large-sample epidemiological data and the effects of recent SARS-CoV-2 sub-variants. China provides an ideal study environment owing to its large infection base, high vaccine coverage, and stringent pre-pandemic measures. METHODS: This retrospective study used an online questionnaire to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection status and long COVID symptoms among 74,075 Chinese residents over one year. The relationships between baseline characteristics, vaccination status, pathogenic infection, and long COVID were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression, and propensity matching. FINDINGS: Analysis of 68,200 valid responses revealed that the most frequent long COVID symptoms include fatigue (30.53%), memory decline (27.93%), decreased exercise ability (18.29%), and brain fog (16.87%). These symptoms were less prevalent among those infected only once: fatigue (24.85%), memory decline (18.11%), and decreased exercise ability (12.52%), etc. Women were more likely to experience long COVID, with symptoms varying by age group, except for sleep disorders and muscle/joint pain, which were more common in older individuals. Northern China exhibits a higher prevalence of long COVID, potentially linked to temperature gradients. Risk factors included underlying diseases, alcohol consumption, smoking, and the severity of acute infection (OR > 1, FDR < 0.05). Reinfection was associated with milder symptoms but led to a higher incidence and severity of long COVID (OR > 1, FDR < 0.05). Vaccination, particularly multiple boosters, significantly reduced long-term symptoms by 30%-70% (OR < 1, FDR < 0.05). COVID-19 participants also self-reported more bacterial, influenza and mycoplasma infections, and 8%-10% of patients felt SARS-CoV-2-induced chronic diseases. INTERPRETATION: This survey provides valuable insights into long COVID situation among Chinese residents, with 10%-30% (including repeated infection) reporting symptoms. Monitoring at-risk individuals based on identified risk factors is essential for public health efforts. FUNDING: This study was funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M723344, 2023M743729), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023A1515110489), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-027420). CI - (c) 2024 The Author(s). FAU - Qin, Shijie AU - Qin S AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China. AD - Innovative Vaccine and Immunotherapy Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. FAU - Zhang, Yanan AU - Zhang Y AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China. AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. FAU - Li, Yanhua AU - Li Y AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. FAU - Huang, Ling AU - Huang L AD - Department of Critical Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. FAU - Yang, Ting AU - Yang T AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. FAU - Si, Jiahui AU - Si J AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. FAU - Wang, Likui AU - Wang L AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. AD - International Institute of Vaccine Research and Innovation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 101408, China. FAU - Zhao, Xin AU - Zhao X AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. FAU - Ma, Xiaopeng AU - Ma X AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China. FAU - Gao, George F AU - Gao GF AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China. AD - Innovative Vaccine and Immunotherapy Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20241011 PL - England TA - Lancet Reg Health West Pac JT - The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific JID - 101774968 PMC - PMC11776084 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Epidemiology OT - Long COVID OT - Questionnaire survey OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - Vaccine background COIS- All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/01/30 11:07 MHDA- 2025/01/30 11:08 PMCR- 2024/10/11 CRDT- 2025/01/30 04:23 PHST- 2024/07/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/08/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/09/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/01/30 11:08 [medline] PHST- 2025/01/30 11:07 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/01/30 04:23 [entrez] PHST- 2024/10/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2666-6065(24)00212-8 [pii] AID - 101218 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101218 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024 Oct 11;52:101218. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101218. eCollection 2024 Nov. PMID- 39850323 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250129 IS - 1611-2156 (Print) IS - 1611-2156 (Electronic) IS - 1611-2156 (Linking) VI - 23 DP - 2024 TI - Current update on the neurological manifestations of long COVID: more questions than answers. PG - 1463-1486 LID - 10.17179/excli2024-7885 [doi] AB - Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a global surge in patients presenting with prolonged or late-onset debilitating sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, colloquially termed long COVID. This narrative review provides an updated synthesis of the latest evidence on the neurological manifestations of long COVID, discussing its clinical phenotypes, underlying pathophysiology, while also presenting the current state of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 survivors experience prolonged neurological sequelae that persist for at least 12-months post-infection, adversely affecting patients' quality of life. Core neurological manifestations comprise fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive impairment, headache, lightheadedness ('brain fog'), sleep disturbances, taste or smell disorders, dysautonomia, anxiety, and depression. Some of these features overlap substantially with those reported in post-intensive-care syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and postural-orthostatic-tachycardia syndrome. Advances in data-driven research utilizing electronic-health-records combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence have propelled the identification of long COVID sub-phenotypes. Furthermore, the evolving definitions reflect the dynamic conceptualization of long COVID in both research and clinical contexts. Although the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated, neuroinflammatory responses, endotheliopathy, and metabolic imbalances, rather than direct viral neuroinvasion, are implicated in neurological sequelae. Genetic susceptibility has also emerged as a potential risk factor. While major limitations remain with existing definitions, collaborative strategies to standardize diagnostic approaches are needed. Current therapeutic paradigms advocate for multimodal approaches, integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions along with comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Although preliminary evidence of therapeutic efficacy has been provided by a number of clinical trials, methodological constraints limit the generalizability of this evidence. Preventive measures, notably vaccination, have proven integral for reducing the global burden of long COVID. Considering the healthcare and socioeconomic repercussions incurred by long COVID worldwide, international collaborative initiatives are warranted to address the remaining challenges in diagnosing and managing patients presenting with neurological sequelae. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1). CI - Copyright (c) 2024 Stefanou et al. FAU - Stefanou, Maria-Ioanna AU - Stefanou MI AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. AD - Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. AD - Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. FAU - Panagiotopoulos, Evangelos AU - Panagiotopoulos E AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Palaiodimou, Lina AU - Palaiodimou L AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Bakola, Eleni AU - Bakola E AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Smyrnis, Nikolaos AU - Smyrnis N AD - Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Papadopoulou, Marianna AU - Papadopoulou M AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. AD - Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece. FAU - Moschovos, Christos AU - Moschovos C AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Paraskevas, George P AU - Paraskevas GP AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Rizos, Emmanouil AU - Rizos E AD - Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Boutati, Eleni AU - Boutati E AD - Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. FAU - Tzavellas, Elias AU - Tzavellas E AD - First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. FAU - Gatzonis, Stylianos AU - Gatzonis S AD - Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. FAU - Mengel, Annerose AU - Mengel A AD - Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. AD - Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. FAU - Giannopoulos, Sotirios AU - Giannopoulos S AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Tsiodras, Sotirios AU - Tsiodras S AD - Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. FAU - Kimiskidis, Vasilios K AU - Kimiskidis VK AD - First Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. FAU - Tsivgoulis, Georgios AU - Tsivgoulis G AD - Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20241127 PL - Germany TA - EXCLI J JT - EXCLI journal JID - 101299402 PMC - PMC11755773 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - PACS OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - brain fog OT - long COVID OT - long-haul EDAT- 2025/01/24 06:26 MHDA- 2025/01/24 06:27 PMCR- 2024/11/27 CRDT- 2025/01/24 04:18 PHST- 2024/09/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/11/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/01/24 06:27 [medline] PHST- 2025/01/24 06:26 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/01/24 04:18 [entrez] PHST- 2024/11/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2024-7885 [pii] AID - Doc1463 [pii] AID - 10.17179/excli2024-7885 [doi] PST - epublish SO - EXCLI J. 2024 Nov 27;23:1463-1486. doi: 10.17179/excli2024-7885. eCollection 2024. PMID- 39787799 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250430 LR - 20250905 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 47 DP - 2025 Feb 15 TI - Post-COVID symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection and the effect of booster vaccination: A population-based cohort study. PG - 126664 LID - S0264-410X(24)01346-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126664 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The impact of vaccination on the type and risk of specific post-COVID symptoms after Omicron infection is not clear. We aimed to investigate the excess risk and patterns of 22 symptoms 3-5 months after Omicron infection, comparing uninfected and infected subjects with and without recent booster vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a population-based prospective study based on four questionnaire-based cohorts linked to national health registries. Our study includes female and male participants aged 11-80 years from The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study, The Norwegian Influenza Pregnancy Cohort, The Senior Cohort, and The Young Adult Cohort. All participants registered presence of 22 COVID-related symptoms irrespective of infection and vaccination status. RESULTS: The study sample includes more than 31,000 uninfected and 26,000 Omicron infected subjects. Among infected subjects, 12 % were vaccinated with two doses >130 days before the primary infection (median 154 days) but had not received a third dose, while 76 % had received a third (booster) dose (median 40 days before infection). Among those with two doses only, the excess risk for new symptoms after infection (vs. no infection) were up to 15 % for women and 9 % for men. Among infected subjects with recent booster dose, the corresponding excess risks were 7 % among women and up to 5 % among men. The largest risk differences after recent booster vaccination were seen for poor memory, brain fog, and fatigue. Post-COVID symptoms were more often detected among young and middle-aged adults than among adolescents and older age groups. CONCLUSION: Recent booster vaccination before infection substantially reduced both neurocognitive and cardiorespiratory symptoms occurring at least 3 months after Omicron infection. CI - Copyright (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Caspersen, Ida Henriette AU - Caspersen IH AD - Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ida.henriette.caspersen@fhi.no. FAU - Skodvin, Siri N AU - Skodvin SN AD - Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Blix, Kristine AU - Blix K AD - Department of Method Development and Analysis, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Robertson, Anna Hayman AU - Robertson AH AD - Department of Method Development and Analysis, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Laake, Ida AU - Laake I AD - Department of Method Development and Analysis, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Feiring, Berit AU - Feiring B AD - Department of Method Development and Analysis, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Magnus, Per AU - Magnus P AD - Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Mjaaland, Siri AU - Mjaaland S AD - Department of Method Development and Analysis, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Trogstad, Lill AU - Trogstad L AD - Department of Method Development and Analysis, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20250108 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Adult MH - *Immunization, Secondary MH - Adolescent MH - Aged MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/immunology/complications MH - Child MH - Young Adult MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Prospective Studies MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology MH - *SARS-CoV-2/immunology MH - Norway/epidemiology MH - Vaccination OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - MoBa OT - Post-acute sequelae OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2025/01/10 00:21 MHDA- 2025/01/31 00:21 CRDT- 2025/01/09 18:06 PHST- 2024/09/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/12/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/12/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/01/31 00:21 [medline] PHST- 2025/01/10 00:21 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/01/09 18:06 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(24)01346-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126664 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2025 Feb 15;47:126664. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126664. Epub 2025 Jan 8. PMID- 39777257 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20260925 IS - 2632-1297 (Electronic) IS - 2632-1297 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 2025 TI - Vaccination prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect the neurologic manifestations of long COVID. PG - fcae448 LID - 10.1093/braincomms/fcae448 [doi] LID - fcae448 AB - Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 constitute the long COVID syndrome, also called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). COVID-19 vaccines reduce the gravity of ensuing SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, whether vaccines also have an impact on PASC remain unknown. We investigated whether vaccination prior to infection alters the subsequent neurologic post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Neuro-PASC). We studied prospectively the first consecutive 200 post-hospitalization Neuro-PASC (PNP) and 1100 non-hospitalized Neuro-PASC (NNP) patients evaluated at our neuro-COVID-19 clinic between May 2020 and January 2023. Among PNP patients, 87% had a pre-vaccination infection and 13% had a breakthrough infection post-vaccination. Among the NNP patients, 70.7% had a pre-vaccination infection and 29.3% had a breakthrough infection. Both PNP and NNP breakthrough infection patients had more frequent pre-existing depression/anxiety than their respective pre-vaccination infection groups, and NNP breakthrough infection patients also had more frequent comorbidities of headache, lung and gastrointestinal diseases than the NNP pre-vaccination infection group. An average of 10 months after symptom onset, the three most common neurological symptoms for PNP patients were brain fog (86.5%), numbness/tingling (56.5%) and headache (56.5%). Of all Neuro-PASC symptoms, PNP breakthrough infection more frequently reported anosmia compared to PNP pre-vaccination infection patients (69.2 versus 37.9%; P = 0.005). For NNP patients, the three most common neurological symptoms were brain fog (83.9%), headache (70.9%) and dizziness (53.8%). NNP pre-vaccination infection reported anosmia (56.6 versus 39.1%; P < 0.0001) and dysgeusia (53.3 versus 37.3%; P < 0.0001) more frequently than breakthrough infection patients. NNP breakthrough infection more frequently reported dizziness compared to NNP pre-vaccination infection patients (61.5 versus 50.6%; P = 0.001). Both PNP and NNP patients had impaired quality-of-life in cognitive, fatigue, sleep, anxiety and depression domains with no differences between pre-vaccination infection and breakthrough infection groups. PNP patients performed worse on National Institutes of Health Toolbox tests of processing speed, attention, executive function and working memory than a US normative population whereas NNP patients had lower results in processing, speed, attention and working memory, without differences between pre-vaccination infection and breakthrough infection groups. These results indicate that vaccination prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect the neurologic manifestations of long COVID in either PNP or NNP patients. Minor differences in neurologic symptoms between pre-vaccination infection and breakthrough infection groups may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 strains evolution. Patients developing Neuro-PASC after breakthrough infection have a higher burden of comorbidities, highlighting different risk factors warranting targeted management. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. FAU - Mukherjee, Shreya AU - Mukherjee S AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Singer, Tracey AU - Singer T AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Venkatesh, Aditi AU - Venkatesh A AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Choudhury, Natasha A AU - Choudhury NA AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Perez Giraldo, Gina S AU - Perez Giraldo GS AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Jimenez, Millenia AU - Jimenez M AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Miller, Janet AU - Miller J AD - Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Lopez, Melissa AU - Lopez M AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Hanson, Barbara A AU - Hanson BA AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Bawa, Aasheeta P AU - Bawa AP AD - Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Batra, Ayush AU - Batra A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4783-5801 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Liotta, Eric M AU - Liotta EM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3182-585X AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. FAU - Koralnik, Igor J AU - Koralnik IJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6836-1468 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. LA - eng GR - K23 AG078705/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 AG086751/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250107 PL - England TA - Brain Commun JT - Brain communications JID - 101755125 PMC - PMC11703551 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - SARS-CoV-2 infection OT - long COVID OT - neurology OT - post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection COIS- The authors report no competing interests. EDAT- 2025/01/09 00:23 MHDA- 2025/01/09 00:24 PMCR- 2025/01/07 CRDT- 2025/01/08 18:04 PHST- 2024/07/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/11/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/12/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/01/09 00:24 [medline] PHST- 2025/01/09 00:23 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/01/08 18:04 [entrez] PHST- 2025/01/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - fcae448 [pii] AID - 10.1093/braincomms/fcae448 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Brain Commun. 2025 Jan 7;7(1):fcae448. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae448. eCollection 2025. PMID- 39720104 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250318 IS - 2405-6502 (Electronic) IS - 2405-6502 (Linking) VI - 38 DP - 2025 Mar TI - Oral minocycline therapy as first-line treatment in patients with Myalgic encephalomyelitis and long COVID: A pilot study. PG - 100537 LID - 10.1016/j.ensci.2024.100537 [doi] LID - 100537 AB - BACKGROUND: Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is associated with long COVID and also untoward sequelae after anti-coronavirus vaccination. Recently, oral minocycline therapy has been reported to ameliorate symptoms in patients with ME, particularly at the initial stage of the disease. METHODS: Oral minocycline (100 mg x 2 on the first day, followed by 100 mg/day for 41 days) was administered to 55 patients with ME that emerged during the "Corona era," including 19 patients with long COVID and 5 patients diagnosed with untoward sequalae following coronavirus vaccination. RESULTS: Acute adverse effects including nausea and/or dizziness caused four (7 %) patients to discontinue treatment in the first few days. Among the other 51 patients who completed therapy, favorable effects were observed, including a decrease in performance status score or index for restricted activities of daily living >/=2 points in 41 (80 %) patients. Disease duration was inversely associated with the favorable therapeutic effects (p = 0.02) and the disease duration within 6 months was significantly associated with the favorable therapeutic effects (27/30, 90 %, p = 0.02, hazard ratio: 3.6, 95 % confidence interval, 1.2-10.6). The favorable effects were observed in 16 (89 %) of 18 patients with long COVID. Significant amelioration of subjective symptoms of fatigue, post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, brain fog, disequilibrium, orthostatic intolerance, and neuropathic pain were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Oral minocycline was effective at ameliorating symptoms in patients with ME including long COVID and post-coronavirus vaccination sequalae. It represents an effective first-line therapeutic option for these patients in the initial stage. CI - (c) 2024 The Author(s). FAU - Miwa, Kunihisa AU - Miwa K AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Miwa Naika Clinic, Toyama, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20241202 PL - Netherlands TA - eNeurologicalSci JT - eNeurologicalSci JID - 101667077 EIN - eNeurologicalSci. 2025 Jan 24;38:100557. doi: 10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100557. PMID: 40099157 PMC - PMC11665601 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chronic fatigue syndrome OT - Disequilibrium OT - Long COVID OT - Minocycline OT - Myalgic encephalomyelitis OT - Post-coronavirus vaccination sequalae COIS- None. EDAT- 2024/12/25 06:19 MHDA- 2024/12/25 06:20 PMCR- 2024/12/02 CRDT- 2024/12/25 04:18 PHST- 2024/06/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/09/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/11/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/12/25 06:20 [medline] PHST- 2024/12/25 06:19 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/12/25 04:18 [entrez] PHST- 2024/12/02 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2405-6502(24)00044-3 [pii] AID - 100537 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ensci.2024.100537 [doi] PST - epublish SO - eNeurologicalSci. 2024 Dec 2;38:100537. doi: 10.1016/j.ensci.2024.100537. eCollection 2025 Mar. PMID- 39685583 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250104 IS - 2077-0383 (Print) IS - 2077-0383 (Electronic) IS - 2077-0383 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 23 DP - 2024 Nov 25 TI - Lights and Shadows of Long COVID: Are Latent Infections the Real Hidden Enemy? LID - 10.3390/jcm13237124 [doi] LID - 7124 AB - Long COVID-19 (LC) is a poorly understood, multifactorial condition that persists for at least three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the wide range of associated symptoms-including fatigue, brain fog, and respiratory issues-remain unclear. However, emerging evidence suggests that the reactivation of latent viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus, may significantly contribute to the complexity of LC. These latent viruses can be reactivated by SARS-CoV-2, contributing to a chronic inflammatory state that prolongs symptomatology. This review confirms the potential involvement of latent viral infections in LC and examines whether these infections play an independent role or act synergistically with other factors. In addition, recent studies have highlighted viral persistence and immune dysregulation as key elements in LC. Our findings suggest that preventative strategies, including vaccination and antiviral treatments during the acute phase of COVID-19, show potential in reducing LC risk by preventing viral reactivation. However, tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting these latent infections are urgently needed. Identifying biomarkers of viral reactivation, particularly for high-risk populations, could be considered another effective strategy to mitigate LC severity. Further research is crucial to better understand the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and latent infections, and to improve the prevention and treatment of LC. FAU - Serapide, Francesca AU - Serapide F AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Universita "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. FAU - Talarico, Marisa AU - Talarico M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2523-7963 AD - Unita Operativa di Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. FAU - Rotundo, Salvatore AU - Rotundo S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5441-1727 AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Universita "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. FAU - Pascale, Vittorio AU - Pascale V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0465-4709 AD - Unita Operativa di Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. FAU - Serraino, Riccardo AU - Serraino R AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Universita "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. FAU - Trecarichi, Enrico Maria AU - Trecarichi EM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9064-7745 AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Universita "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. AD - Unita Operativa Complessa di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. FAU - Russo, Alessandro AU - Russo A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3846-4620 AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Universita "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. AD - Unita Operativa Complessa di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20241125 PL - Switzerland TA - J Clin Med JT - Journal of clinical medicine JID - 101606588 PMC - PMC11641947 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - EBV OT - HIV OT - Long COVID OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - VZV OT - latent viral infections OT - post-acute sequalae COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/12/17 11:49 MHDA- 2024/12/17 11:50 PMCR- 2024/11/25 CRDT- 2024/12/17 01:20 PHST- 2024/10/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/11/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/11/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/12/17 11:50 [medline] PHST- 2024/12/17 11:49 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/12/17 01:20 [entrez] PHST- 2024/11/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jcm13237124 [pii] AID - jcm-13-07124 [pii] AID - 10.3390/jcm13237124 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 25;13(23):7124. doi: 10.3390/jcm13237124. PMID- 39662181 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250427 LR - 20250518 IS - 2352-3964 (Electronic) IS - 2352-3964 (Linking) VI - 111 DP - 2025 Jan TI - Refinement of post-COVID condition core symptoms, subtypes, determinants, and health impacts: a cohort study integrating real-world data and patient-reported outcomes. PG - 105493 LID - S2352-3964(24)00529-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105493 [doi] LID - 105493 AB - BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) affects millions of people, and is an essential component of the long-term impact of COVID-19 during the post-pandemic era. Yet, consensus on clinical case definition and core components of PCC remains lacking, affecting our ability to inform research and evidence-based management. Our study aims 1) to identify the most specific symptoms for PCC, and identify clinical subtypes; 2) to evaluate both virus- and host-related determinants of PCC, and 3) assess the impact of PCC on physical and mental health. METHODS: We studied participants from UK Biobank who completed a health and wellbeing survey between June and September 2022. Participants reported the current conditions of the presence, duration, and functional limitations of 45 symptoms, using an online questionnaire designed specifically for COVID-19 research. SARS-CoV-2 infection status and disease history were obtained through linkage to surveillance data and electronic medical records, respectively. Participants reporting symptoms within 30 days after infection (acute phase) were excluded. The most specific PCC symptoms were defined using two criteria: statistical significance (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction) and clinical relevance (absolute risk increase > 5%). Propensity score weighting was used to control for confounding. Subtypes of PCC were then defined based on the specific symptoms among the COVID-19 infected individuals. A multivariable regression was used to study pathogen- and host-related risk factors for PCC, and its impact on 13 physical and 4 mental health patient-reported functional outcomes. FINDINGS: 172,303 participants (mean age 68.9, 57.4% female) were included in the analysis, of whom 43,395 had PCR-confirmed COVID-19. We identified 10 most specific symptoms and classified four PCC subtypes: ENT subtype (30.1%), characterized by alterations in smell, taste, and hearing loss; cardiopulmonary subtype (10.4%), characterized by shortness of breath, postural tachycardia, chest tightness, and chest pressure; neurological subtype (23.5%), characterized by brain fog and difficulty speaking; and general fatigue subtype (38.0%), characterized by mild fatigue. A higher PCC risk was observed for patients with Wild-type variant, multiple infections, and severe acute COVID-19 illness, consistently across the four PCC subtypes. In addition, a range of factors, including socioeconomic deprivation, higher BMI, unhealthy lifestyle, and multiple chronic health conditions, were associated with increased PCC risk, except for age and sex. Conversely, vaccination was associated with a largely reduced PCC risk, particularly for the cardiopulmonary subtypes. Individuals with PCC experienced a much worse physical and mental health. Specifically, the cardiopulmonary subtype had the most pronounced adverse impact on function impairments, followed by neurological, mild fatigue, and ENT subtype. The most affected functions included the ability to concentrate, participate in day-to-day work, and emotional vulnerability to health problems. INTERPRETATION: PCC can be categorized into four distinct subtypes based on ten core symptoms. These subtypes appeared to share a majority of pathogen and host-related risk factors, but their impact on health varied markedly by subtype. Our findings could help refine current guidelines for precise PCC diagnosis and progression, enhance the identification of PCC subgroups for targeted research, and inform evidence-based policy making to tackle this new and debilitating condition. FUNDING: NIHR Senior Research Fellowship (grant SRF-2018-11-ST2-004). CI - Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Wang, Yunhe AU - Wang Y AD - Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. FAU - Alcalde-Herraiz, Marta AU - Alcalde-Herraiz M AD - Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. FAU - Guell, Kim Lopez AU - Guell KL AD - Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. FAU - Chen, Li AU - Chen L AD - Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, China. FAU - Mateu, Lourdes AU - Mateu L AD - Department of Infectious Diseases & irsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; Chair in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CEESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Spain; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; REICOP (Red de Investigacion Covid Persistente), Madrid, Spain. FAU - Li, Chunxiao AU - Li C AD - Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Ali, Raghib AU - Ali R AD - Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Wareham, Nicholas AU - Wareham N AD - Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Paredes, Roger AU - Paredes R AD - Chair in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CEESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Spain; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. FAU - Prieto-Alhambra, Daniel AU - Prieto-Alhambra D AD - Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: daniel.prietoalhambra@ndorms.ox.ac.uk. FAU - Xie, Junqing AU - Xie J AD - Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20241210 PL - Netherlands TA - EBioMedicine JT - EBioMedicine JID - 101647039 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/virology MH - Female MH - Male MH - *Patient Reported Outcome Measures MH - Middle Aged MH - Aged MH - SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification MH - Cohort Studies MH - United Kingdom/epidemiology MH - Mental Health MH - Adult MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Surveys and Questionnaires PMC - PMC11697707 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Definition OT - Disease subtype OT - Long COVID COIS- Declaration of interests D.P.-A. reported grants from Amgen, UCB Biopharma, Les Laboratoires Servier, Novartis, and Chiesi-Taylor, as well as speaker fees and advisory board membership with AstraZeneca and Johnson and Johnson outside the submitted work, in addition to research support from Janssen. R.P. has participated in advisory boards for Gilead, MSD, ViiV Healthcare, Theratechnologies and Lilly. His institution has received research support from Gilead, MSD, and ViiV Healthcare. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2024/12/12 00:24 MHDA- 2025/01/17 00:20 PMCR- 2024/12/10 CRDT- 2024/12/11 18:35 PHST- 2024/07/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/11/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/11/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/01/17 00:20 [medline] PHST- 2024/12/12 00:24 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/12/11 18:35 [entrez] PHST- 2024/12/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2352-3964(24)00529-2 [pii] AID - 105493 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105493 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - EBioMedicine. 2025 Jan;111:105493. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105493. Epub 2024 Dec 10. PMID- 39652555 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241209 LR - 20261006 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 12 DP - 2024 TI - Phase-dependent trends in the prevalence of myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) related to long COVID: A criteria-based retrospective study in Japan. PG - e0315385 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0315385 [doi] LID - e0315385 AB - BACKGROUND: The characteristics of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) related to COVID-19 have remained uncertain. To elucidate the clinical trend of ME/CFS induced by long COVID, we examined data for patients who visited our outpatient clinic established in a university hospital during the period from Feb 2021 to July 2023. METHODS: Long COVID patients were classified into two groups, an ME/CFS group and a non-ME/CFS group, based on three diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of ME/CFS in the long COVID patients was 8.4% (62 of 739 cases; female: 51.6%) and factors related to ME/CFS were severe illness, smoking and alcohol drinking habits, and fewer vaccinations. The frequency of ME/CFS decreased from 23.9% in the Preceding period to 13.7% in the Delta-dominant period and to 3.3% in the Omicron-dominant period. Fatigue and headache were commonly frequent complaints in the ME/CFS group, and the frequency of poor concentration in the ME/CFS group was higher in the Omicron period. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in female patients in the ME/CFS group infected in the Preceding period. In the ME/CFS group, the proportion of patients complaining of brain fog significantly increased from 22.2% in the Preceding period to 47.9% in the Delta period and to 81.3% in the Omicron period. The percentage of patients who had received vaccination was lower in the ME/CFS group than the non-ME/CFS group over the study period, whereas there were no differences in the vaccination rate between the groups in each period. CONCLUSION: The proportion of long COVID patients who developed ME/CFS strictly diagnosed by three criteria was lower among patients infected in the Omicron phase than among patients infected in the other phases, while the proportion of patients with brain fog inversely increased. Attention should be paid to the variant-dependent trends of ME/CFS triggered by long COVID (300 words). CI - Copyright: (c) 2024 Morita et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. FAU - Morita, Satoru AU - Morita S AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Tokumasu, Kazuki AU - Tokumasu K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9513-6864 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Otsuka, Yuki AU - Otsuka Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Honda, Hiroyuki AU - Honda H AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Nakano, Yasuhiro AU - Nakano Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Sunada, Naruhiko AU - Sunada N AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Sakurada, Yasue AU - Sakurada Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Matsuda, Yui AU - Matsuda Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Soejima, Yoshiaki AU - Soejima Y AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Ueda, Keigo AU - Ueda K AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. FAU - Otsuka, Fumio AU - Otsuka F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7014-9095 AD - Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20241209 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/epidemiology MH - Male MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Japan/epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Prevalence MH - Adult MH - SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification MH - Aged MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome PMC - PMC11627433 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2024/12/09 18:26 MHDA- 2024/12/09 18:27 PMCR- 2024/12/09 CRDT- 2024/12/09 13:34 PHST- 2024/04/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/11/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/12/09 18:27 [medline] PHST- 2024/12/09 18:26 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/12/09 13:34 [entrez] PHST- 2024/12/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-24-13000 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0315385 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2024 Dec 9;19(12):e0315385. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315385. eCollection 2024. PMID- 39543596 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241115 LR - 20260518 IS - 1741-7015 (Electronic) IS - 1741-7015 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Nov 14 TI - Symptom profile, case and symptom clustering, clinical and demographic characteristics of a multicentre cohort of 1297 patients evaluated for Long-COVID. PG - 532 LID - 10.1186/s12916-024-03746-9 [doi] LID - 532 AB - BACKGROUND: Long-COVID symptoms remain incompletely defined due to a large heterogeneity in the populations studied, case definitions, and settings of care. The aim of this study was to assess, in patients accessing care for Long-COVID, the profile of symptoms reported, the possible clustering of symptoms and cases, the functional status compared to pre-infection, and the impact on working activity. METHODS: Multicentre cohort study with a collection of both retrospective and prospective data. Demographics, comorbidities, severity and timing of acute COVID, subjective functional status, working activity and presence of 30 different symptoms were collected using a shortened version of the WHO Post COVID-19 Case Report Form. The impact on working activity was assessed in multivariable logistic regression models. Clustering of symptoms was analysed by hierarchical clustering and the clustering of cases by two-step automatic clustering. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1297 individuals (51.5% women) from 30 clinical centres. Men and women had different profiles in terms of comorbidities, vaccination status, severity and timing of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fatigue (55.9%) and dyspnea (47.2%) were the most frequent symptoms. Women reported more symptoms (3.6 vs. 3.1, p < 0.001), with a significantly higher prevalence of memory loss, difficult concentration, cough, palpitation or tachycardia, dermatological abnormalities, brain fog, headache and visual disturbances. Dyspnea was more common in men. In the cluster analysis of the 19 more common symptoms, five aggregations were found: four two-symptom clusters (smell and taste reduction; anxiety and depressed mood; joint pain or swelling and muscle pain; difficult concentration and memory loss) and one six-symptom cluster (brain fog, equilibrium/gait disturbances, headache, paresthesia, thoracic pain, and palpitations/tachycardia). In a multivariable analysis, headache, dyspnea, difficult concentration, disturbances of equilibrium or gait, visual disturbances and muscular pain were associated with reduced or interrupted working activity. Clustering of cases defined two clusters, with distinct characteristics in terms of phase and severity of acute infection, age, sex, number of comorbidities and symptom profile. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide further evidence that Long-COVID is a heterogeneous disease with manifestations that differ by sex, phase of the pandemic and severity of acute disease, and support the possibility that multiple pathways lead to different clinical manifestations. CI - (c) 2024. The Author(s). FAU - Floridia, Marco AU - Floridia M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3971-0141 AD - National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome, Italy. marco.floridia@iss.it. FAU - Giuliano, Marina AU - Giuliano M AD - National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome, Italy. FAU - Weimer, Liliana Elena AU - Weimer LE AD - National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome, Italy. FAU - Ciardi, Maria Rosa AU - Ciardi MR AD - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. FAU - Agostoni, Piergiuseppe AU - Agostoni P AD - Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy. AD - Department of Clinical Science and Community Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. FAU - Palange, Paolo AU - Palange P AD - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. FAU - Rovere Querini, Patrizia AU - Rovere Querini P AD - IRCCS Ospedale S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy. FAU - Zucco, Silvia AU - Zucco S AD - Infectious Disaese Unit, Ospedale Amedeo Di Savoia, Turin, Italy. FAU - Tosato, Matteo AU - Tosato M AD - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. FAU - Lo Forte, Aldo AU - Lo Forte A AD - Department of Multidimensional Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy. FAU - Bonfanti, Paolo AU - Bonfanti P AD - Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy. AD - University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. FAU - Lacedonia, Donato AU - Lacedonia D AD - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. FAU - Barisione, Emanuela AU - Barisione E AD - IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy. FAU - Figliozzi, Stefano AU - Figliozzi S AD - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. FAU - Andreozzi, Paola AU - Andreozzi P AD - Predictive Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy. FAU - Damiano, Cecilia AU - Damiano C AD - Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome, Italy. FAU - Pricci, Flavia AU - Pricci F AD - Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome, Italy. FAU - Onder, Graziano AU - Onder G AD - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. AD - Office of the President, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome, Italy. CN - I. S. S. Long-COVID Study Group LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20241114 PL - England TA - BMC Med JT - BMC medicine JID - 101190723 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Cohort Studies MH - COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis MH - *Demography MH - Dyspnea/epidemiology/physiopathology MH - Fatigue/epidemiology MH - *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/epidemiology/pathology MH - Prospective Studies MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - *Symptom Assessment PMC - PMC11566432 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Dyspnea OT - Fatigue OT - Long-COVID OT - Post-COVID OT - Symptom clusters OT - Symptoms COIS- Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The Italian National Ethics Committee approved the project (AOO-ISS-19/04/2022-0015066 Class: PRE BIO CE 01.00). Written informed consent was required for patient inclusion, using a patient information and consent form also approved by the Italian National Ethics Committee. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. FIR - Grisetti, Tiziana IR - Grisetti T FIR - Grassi, Tiziana IR - Grassi T FIR - Tiple, Dorina IR - Tiple D FIR - Villa, Marika IR - Villa M FIR - Polizzi, Cosimo IR - Polizzi C FIR - Galati, Fabio IR - Galati F FIR - Pasculli, Patrizia IR - Pasculli P FIR - Colazzo, Francesca IR - Colazzo F FIR - Mattavelli, Irene IR - Mattavelli I FIR - Salvioni, Elisabetta IR - Salvioni E FIR - Pellegrino, Daniela IR - Pellegrino D FIR - Bezzio, Marco IR - Bezzio M FIR - Olmati, Federica IR - Olmati F FIR - Sanna, Arianna IR - Sanna A FIR - Schifano, Arianna IR - Schifano A FIR - Angelone, Dario IR - Angelone D FIR - Fabozzi, Antonio IR - Fabozzi A FIR - Santoro, Simona IR - Santoro S FIR - Fumagalli, Anna IR - Fumagalli A FIR - Merolla, Aurora IR - Merolla A FIR - Canti, Valentina IR - Canti V FIR - Ruggiero, Maria Pia IR - Ruggiero MP FIR - Messina, Marco IR - Messina M FIR - Biganzoli, Marina IR - Biganzoli M FIR - Buonsenso, Danilo IR - Buonsenso D FIR - Ianniello, Alice IR - Ianniello A FIR - Galluzzo, Vincenzo IR - Galluzzo V FIR - Macculi, Laura IR - Macculi L FIR - Bottaro, Valeria Maria IR - Bottaro VM FIR - Bonaffini, Luca IR - Bonaffini L FIR - Spolti, Anna IR - Spolti A FIR - Squillace, Nicola IR - Squillace N FIR - Campanino, Terence IR - Campanino T FIR - Aloe, Teresita IR - Aloe T FIR - Tagliabue, Elena IR - Tagliabue E FIR - Testerini, Federica IR - Testerini F FIR - Miglionico, Marzia IR - Miglionico M FIR - Barbitta, Antonia IR - Barbitta A FIR - Cenciarelli, Chiara IR - Cenciarelli C FIR - Pagnanelli, Gianluca IR - Pagnanelli G FIR - Piccinni, Giuseppe IR - Piccinni G FIR - Gnerre, Paola IR - Gnerre P FIR - Parodi, Lionello IR - Parodi L FIR - Monaco, Eugenia IR - Monaco E FIR - Buscaglia, Sandra IR - Buscaglia S FIR - Visconti, Antonella IR - Visconti A FIR - Loso, Kwelusukila IR - Loso K FIR - Martino, Giuseppe Pio IR - Martino GP FIR - Bitti, Giuseppina IR - Bitti G FIR - Postacchini, Laura IR - Postacchini L FIR - Cognigni, Antonella IR - Cognigni A FIR - di Rosolini, Maria Antonietta IR - di Rosolini MA FIR - Mavilla, Sergio IR - Mavilla S FIR - Toraldo, Domenico Maurizio IR - Toraldo DM FIR - Vagheggini, Guido IR - Vagheggini G FIR - Bardi, Giulio IR - Bardi G FIR - Levantino, Giuseppa IR - Levantino G FIR - Stefan, Cristina IR - Stefan C FIR - Parati, Gianfranco IR - Parati G FIR - Perger, Elisa IR - Perger E FIR - Gianfranceschi, Enrico IR - Gianfranceschi E FIR - Pozzoli, Francesca IR - Pozzoli F FIR - De Leo, Pasqualina IR - De Leo P FIR - Grignolo, Sara IR - Grignolo S FIR - Monari, Caterina IR - Monari C FIR - Bianchi, Leila IR - Bianchi L FIR - Galli, Luisa IR - Galli L FIR - Surace, Lorenzo IR - Surace L FIR - Falbo, Elisabetta IR - Falbo E FIR - Boni, Silvia IR - Boni S FIR - Battello, Claudia IR - Battello C FIR - Baghiris, Caterina IR - Baghiris C FIR - Serviddio, Gaetano IR - Serviddio G EDAT- 2024/11/15 06:25 MHDA- 2024/11/16 09:58 PMCR- 2024/11/14 CRDT- 2024/11/15 00:10 PHST- 2024/09/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/10/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/11/16 09:58 [medline] PHST- 2024/11/15 06:25 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/11/15 00:10 [entrez] PHST- 2024/11/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12916-024-03746-9 [pii] AID - 3746 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12916-024-03746-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Med. 2024 Nov 14;22(1):532. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03746-9. PMID- 39498382 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20241106 IS - 2666-3546 (Electronic) IS - 2666-3546 (Linking) VI - 42 DP - 2024 Dec TI - Clinical features and predictive nomogram for fatigue sequelae in non-severe patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai, China. PG - 100889 LID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100889 [doi] LID - 100889 AB - BACKGROUND: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-2019) infections may still experience long-term effects, with fatigue being one of the most frequent ones. Clinical research on the long COVID in the Chinese population after infection is comparatively lacking. OBJECTIVE: To collect and analyze the long-term effects of non-severe COVID-19 infection patients and to develop a model for the prediction of fatigue symptoms. METHODS: 223 non-severe COVID-19 patients admitted to one designated hospital were enrolled after finish all the self-designed clinical information registration form and nine-month follow-up. We explored the frequency and symptom types of long COVID. Correlation analysis was done on the neuropsychological scale results. After cluster analysis, lasoo regression and logistic regressions, a nomogram prediction model was produced as a result of investigating the risk factors for fatigue. RESULTS: A total of 108 (48.4%) of the 223 non-severe COVID-19 patients reported sequelae for more than 4 weeks, and of these, 35 (15.7%) had fatigue sequelae that were scale-confirmed. Other sequelae of more than 10% were brain fog (n = 37,16.6%), cough (n = 26,11.7%) and insomnia (n = 23,10.3%). A correlation between depression and fatigue was discovered following the completion of neuropsychological scale. The duration of hospitalization, the non-use of antiviral medications in treatment, IL-6 and CD16+CD56(+) cell levels in blood are the main independent risk factors and predictors of fatigue sequelae in long COVID. Additionally, the neurology diseases and vaccination status may also influence the fatigue sequelae. CONCLUSION: Nearly half of the patients infected with COVID-19 Omicron variant complained of sequelae, and fatigue was the most common symptom, which was correlated with depression. Significant predictors of fatigue sequelae included length of hospitalization, non-use of antiviral drug, and immune-related serum markers of IL-6 and CD16+CD56(+) NK cell levels. The presence of neurology diseases and a lack of vaccination could also predict the occurrence of fatigue sequelae. CI - (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Shen, Xiao-Lei AU - Shen XL AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Jiang, Yu-Han AU - Jiang YH AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Li, Shen-Jie AU - Li SJ AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Xie, Xin-Yi AU - Xie XY AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Cheng, Yu AU - Cheng Y AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Wu, Li AU - Wu L AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Shen, Jun AU - Shen J AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Chen, Wei AU - Chen W AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. FAU - Liu, Jian-Ren AU - Liu JR AD - Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20241018 PL - United States TA - Brain Behav Immun Health JT - Brain, behavior, & immunity - health JID - 101759062 PMC - PMC11532739 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Fatigue OT - Long COVID syndrome OT - Omicron OT - SARS-CoV-2 COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2024/11/05 10:54 MHDA- 2024/11/05 10:55 PMCR- 2024/10/18 CRDT- 2024/11/05 04:39 PHST- 2024/03/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/08/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/10/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/11/05 10:55 [medline] PHST- 2024/11/05 10:54 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/11/05 04:39 [entrez] PHST- 2024/10/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2666-3546(24)00167-4 [pii] AID - 100889 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100889 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Brain Behav Immun Health. 2024 Oct 18;42:100889. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100889. eCollection 2024 Dec. PMID- 39289865 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240918 LR - 20241008 IS - 1643-3750 (Electronic) IS - 1234-1010 (Print) IS - 1234-1010 (Linking) VI - 30 DP - 2024 Sep 18 TI - Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) and the Urgent Need to Identify Diagnostic Biomarkers and Risk Factors. PG - e946512 LID - 10.12659/MSM.946512 [doi] AB - Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as post-COVID-19 condition or post-COVID syndrome, can affect anyone infected with SARS-CoV-2, regardless of age or the severity of the initial symptoms of COVID-19. Long COVID/PASC is the continuation or development of new symptoms after three months from the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, which lasts for at least two months and has no other identifiable cause. Long COVID/PASC occurs in 10-20% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The most common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive impairment (brain fog), and shortness of breath. However, more than 200 symptoms have been reported. No phenotypic or diagnostic biomarkers have been identified for developing long COVID/PASC, which is a multisystem disorder that can present with isolated or combined respiratory, hematological, immunological, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. There is no cure. Therefore, individualized patient management requires a multidisciplinary clinical approach. Because millions of people have had and continue to have COVID-19, even in the era of vaccination and antiviral therapies, long COVID/PASC is now and will increasingly become a health and economic burden that the world must prepare for. Almost five years from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, this article aims to review what is currently known about long COVID/PASC, the anticipated increasing global health burden, and why there is still an urgent need to identify diagnostic biomarkers and risk factors to improve prevention and treatment. FAU - Parums, Dinah V AU - Parums DV AD - Science Editor, Medical Science Monitor, International Scientific Information, Inc., Melville, NY, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20240918 PL - United States TA - Med Sci Monit JT - Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research JID - 9609063 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Biomarkers/blood MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/blood/diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - *COVID-19/complications/immunology/virology MH - Dyspnea/blood/diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Fatigue/blood/diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/blood/diagnosis/immunology/virology MH - Risk Factors MH - SARS-CoV-2/immunology/pathogenicity PMC - PMC11418572 COIS- Conflict of interest: None declared EDAT- 2024/09/18 06:42 MHDA- 2024/09/18 06:43 PMCR- 2024/09/18 CRDT- 2024/09/18 01:23 PHST- 2024/09/18 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/09/18 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/09/18 01:23 [entrez] PHST- 2024/09/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 946512 [pii] AID - 10.12659/MSM.946512 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Med Sci Monit. 2024 Sep 18;30:e946512. doi: 10.12659/MSM.946512. PMID- 39013656 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240716 LR - 20250204 IS - 2044-6055 (Electronic) IS - 2044-6055 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 7 DP - 2024 Jul 16 TI - Comparing COVID-19 vaccination coverage, adverse reactions and impact of social determinants of health on vaccine hesitancy in ADRD/MCI and non-ADRD/MCI population: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study. PG - e082988 LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082988 [doi] LID - e082988 AB - INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for vulnerable people with underlying chronic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These individuals face unique challenges, including higher risk of COVID-19, difficulties in adopting preventive behaviours and vaccine hesitancy due to concerns about adverse reactions. Therefore, efforts to promote vaccination, including boosters tailored to the currently circulating virus, are essential for people with ADRD/MCI. OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study protocol is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 vaccination coverage and adverse reactions among individuals with ADRD/MCI in comparison to those without ADRD/MCI. Additionally, the proposed study aims to investigate the impact of social determinants of health on COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine hesitancy in individuals with ADRD/MCI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A retrospective cross-sectional study will be conducted utilising data from the All of Us (AoU) Researcher Workbench. Relevant data fields are extracted from sources including demographic information, COVID-19 Vaccine Survey, Basic Survey, Health Access & Utilization, Social Determinants of Health, and Electronic Health Record (EHR) data. Data on vaccination, adverse reactions and vaccine hesitancy will be collected through COVID-19 vaccine survey questionnaires. Propensity score matching and binary logistic regression will be applied to assess the vaccination rates and vaccine hesitancy, while controlling for demographic characteristics and social determinants of health factors. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Board at Florida State University (STUDY00004571). Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. CI - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. FAU - Yang, Yijiong AU - Yang Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6644-4179 AD - College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA yijiongyang@gmail.com. FAU - Park, Hyejin AU - Park H AD - College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. FAU - Li, Chengdong AU - Li C AD - College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. FAU - Song, Dan AU - Song D AD - College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. FAU - Wang, Jing AU - Wang J AD - College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240716 PL - England TA - BMJ Open JT - BMJ open JID - 101552874 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Retrospective Studies MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/psychology MH - *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics & numerical data MH - *Social Determinants of Health MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control MH - Alzheimer Disease/psychology MH - Dementia/psychology MH - Research Design MH - Male MH - Female PMC - PMC11253747 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Chronic Disease OT - Dementia OT - GERIATRIC MEDICINE OT - PUBLIC HEALTH COIS- Competing interests: None declared. EDAT- 2024/07/17 00:41 MHDA- 2024/07/17 00:42 PMCR- 2024/07/16 CRDT- 2024/07/16 21:53 PHST- 2024/07/17 00:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/07/17 00:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/07/16 21:53 [entrez] PHST- 2024/07/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bmjopen-2023-082988 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082988 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ Open. 2024 Jul 16;14(7):e082988. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082988. PMID- 38978145 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240709 LR - 20260327 IS - 2072-1315 (Electronic) IS - 1606-0997 (Print) IS - 1606-0997 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Jul 8 TI - Epidemiological characteristics of first-time SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection among hospital staff in Chengdu, China. PG - 104 LID - 10.1186/s41043-024-00595-3 [doi] LID - 104 AB - BACKGROUND: After China ended its 'dynamic zero-COVID policy' on 7 December 2022, a large-scale outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections emerged across the country. We conducted a hospital-wide prospective study to document the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak among healthcare workers in a hospital of Chengdu, where no previous staff SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected. METHODS: All hospital staff members were invited to complete an online questionnaire on COVID-19 in January 2023, and SARS-CoV-2 infection cases were followed up by telephone in June 2023 to collect data on long COVID. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: A total of 2,899 hospital staff (93.5%) completed the online questionnaire, and 86.4% were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. The clinical manifestations of these patients were characterized by a high incidence of systemic symptoms. Cough (83.4%), fatigue (79.8%) and fever (74.3%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that females [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.88] and clinical practitioners (aOR: 10.32, 95% CI: 6.57-16.20) were associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas advanced age >/= 60 years (aOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.19-0.49) and a three-dose COVID-19 vaccination with the most recent dose administered within 3 months before 7 December 2022 (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.87 for within 1 month; aOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22-0.97 for within 1-3 months) were associated with reduced risk. Among the cases, 4.27% experienced long COVID of fatigue, brain fog or both, with the majority reporting minor symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide a snapshot of the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Chengdu after China's deregulation of COVID-19 control. Data in the study can aid in the development and implementation of effective measures to protect healthcare workers and maintain the integrity of healthcare systems during challenging times such as a rapid and widespread Omicron outbreak. CI - (c) 2024. The Author(s). FAU - Tang, Li AU - Tang L AD - Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. FAU - Wang, Yeyuan AU - Wang Y AD - School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. FAU - Li, Xue AU - Li X AD - School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. FAU - Yang, Liu AU - Yang L AD - Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. FAU - Luo, Yingjuan AU - Luo Y AD - Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. FAU - Li, Chunrong AU - Li C AD - Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. FAU - He, Yulei AU - He Y AD - Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. 48533259@qq.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240708 PL - Bangladesh TA - J Health Popul Nutr JT - Journal of health, population, and nutrition JID - 100959228 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - SARS-CoV-2 variants SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - China/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Male MH - Adult MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - *SARS-CoV-2 MH - Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Incidence MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Risk Factors MH - COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC11232323 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Associated factors OT - COVID-19 OT - China OT - Incidence OT - Omicron OT - Symptoms COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2024/07/09 00:42 MHDA- 2024/07/09 06:42 PMCR- 2024/07/08 CRDT- 2024/07/08 23:53 PHST- 2024/04/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/06/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/07/09 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/07/09 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/07/08 23:53 [entrez] PHST- 2024/07/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s41043-024-00595-3 [pii] AID - 595 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s41043-024-00595-3 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Health Popul Nutr. 2024 Jul 8;43(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00595-3. PMID- 38918610 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240704 LR - 20261010 IS - 1529-2916 (Electronic) IS - 1529-2908 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 7 DP - 2024 Jul TI - Vaccination prevents cognitive impairment after breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2. PG - 1136-1137 LID - 10.1038/s41590-024-01869-y [doi] LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Nat Immunol JT - Nature immunology JID - 100941354 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - COVID-19 breakthrough infections SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology MH - *SARS-CoV-2/immunology MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control/immunology MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology MH - *Vaccination MH - Breakthrough Infections EDAT- 2024/06/26 00:42 MHDA- 2024/07/05 00:42 CRDT- 2024/06/25 23:42 PHST- 2024/07/05 00:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/06/26 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/06/25 23:42 [entrez] AID - 10.1038/s41590-024-01869-y [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41590-024-01869-y [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nat Immunol. 2024 Jul;25(7):1136-1137. doi: 10.1038/s41590-024-01869-y. PMID- 38848477 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240903 LR - 20260724 IS - 2168-6114 (Electronic) IS - 2168-6106 (Print) IS - 2168-6106 (Linking) VI - 184 IP - 9 DP - 2024 Sep 1 TI - Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Symptoms in Adults With Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The STOP-PASC Randomized Clinical Trial. PG - 1024-1034 LID - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2007 [doi] AB - IMPORTANCE: There is an urgent need to identify treatments for postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a 15-day course of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in reducing the severity of select PASC symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a 15-week blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted from November 2022 to September 2023 at Stanford University (California). The participants were adults with moderate to severe PASC symptoms of 3 months or longer duration. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized 2:1 to treatment with oral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV/r, 300 mg and 100 mg) or with placebo-ritonavir (PBO/r) twice daily for 15 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome was a pooled severity of 6 PASC symptoms (fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, body aches, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiovascular symptoms) based on a Likert scale score at 10 weeks. Secondary outcomes included symptom severity at different time points, symptom burden and relief, patient global measures, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures, orthostatic vital signs, and sit-to-stand test change from baseline. RESULTS: Of the 155 participants (median [IQR] age, 43 [34-54] years; 92 [59%] females), 102 were randomized to the NMV/r group and 53 to the PBO/r group. Nearly all participants (n = 153) had received the primary series for COVID-19 vaccination. Mean (SD) time between index SARS-CoV-2 infection and randomization was 17.5 (9.1) months. There was no statistically significant difference in the model-derived severity outcome pooled across the 6 core symptoms at 10 weeks between the NMV/r and PBO/r groups. No statistically significant between-group differences were found at 10 weeks in the Patient Global Impression of Severity or Patient Global Impression of Change scores, summative symptom scores, and change from baseline to 10 weeks in PROMIS fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive function, and physical function measures. Adverse event rates were similar in NMV/r and PBO/r groups and mostly of low grade. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this randomized clinical trial showed that a 15-day course of NMV/r in a population of patients with PASC was generally safe but did not demonstrate a significant benefit for improving select PASC symptoms in a mostly vaccinated cohort with protracted symptom duration. Further studies are needed to determine the role of antivirals in the treatment of PASC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05576662. FAU - Geng, Linda N AU - Geng LN AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Bonilla, Hector AU - Bonilla H AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Hedlin, Haley AU - Hedlin H AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Jacobson, Karen B AU - Jacobson KB AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. AD - Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland. FAU - Tian, Lu AU - Tian L AD - Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Jagannathan, Prasanna AU - Jagannathan P AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Yang, Phillip C AU - Yang PC AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Subramanian, Aruna K AU - Subramanian AK AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Liang, Jane W AU - Liang JW AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Shen, Sa AU - Shen S AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Deng, Yaowei AU - Deng Y AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Shaw, Blake J AU - Shaw BJ AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Botzheim, Bren AU - Botzheim B AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Desai, Manisha AU - Desai M AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Pathak, Divya AU - Pathak D AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Jazayeri, Yasmin AU - Jazayeri Y AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Thai, Daniel AU - Thai D AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - O'Donnell, Andrew AU - O'Donnell A AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Mohaptra, Sukanya AU - Mohaptra S AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Leang, Zenita AU - Leang Z AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Reynolds, Gabriella Z M AU - Reynolds GZM AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Brooks, Erin F AU - Brooks EF AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Bhatt, Ami S AU - Bhatt AS AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Shafer, Robert W AU - Shafer RW AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Miglis, Mitchell G AU - Miglis MG AD - Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Quach, Tom AU - Quach T AD - Stanford University, Stanford, California. FAU - Tiwari, Anushri AU - Tiwari A AD - Stanford University, Stanford, California. FAU - Banerjee, Anindita AU - Banerjee A AD - Pfizer Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts. FAU - Lopez, Rene N AU - Lopez RN AD - Clinical Research Collaborations COE, Worldwide Medical and Safety, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut. FAU - De Jesus, Magdia AU - De Jesus M AD - Strategic Planning, Worldwide Medical and Safety, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York. FAU - Charnas, Lawrence R AU - Charnas LR AD - Clinical Research Collaborations COE, Worldwide Medical and Safety, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut. FAU - Utz, Paul J AU - Utz PJ AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. AD - Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California. FAU - Singh, Upinder AU - Singh U AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05576662 GR - T15 LM007033/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR003142/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - JAMA Intern Med JT - JAMA internal medicine JID - 101589534 RN - O3J8G9O825 (Ritonavir) RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) SB - IM EIN - JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Sep 1;184(9):1137. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.3735. PMID: 39037781 MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - *Ritonavir/therapeutic use/administration & dosage MH - Middle Aged MH - *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - *COVID-19 Drug Treatment MH - *COVID-19/complications MH - *SARS-CoV-2 MH - Adult MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Severity of Illness Index PMC - PMC11161857 COIS- Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Geng reported grants from Pfizer during the conduct of the study; personal fees from UnitedHealth Group; and grants from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) outside the submitted work. Dr Bonilla reported grants from Pfizer during the conduct of the study and consulting fees from Resverlogix outside the submitted work. Dr Hedlin reported financial support by Pfizer during the conduct of the study and grants from the NIH outside the submitted work. Dr Jacobson reported grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases outside the submitted work. Dr Jagannathan reported grants from Pfizer for an industry-sponsored trial during the conduct of the study. Dr Subramanian reported grants from Moderna outside the submitted work. Dr Botzheim reported grants from Pfizer during the conduct of the study. Dr Desai reported grants from the NIH outside the submitted work. Dr Bhatt reported grants and honorarium from the NIH; grants from Emerson Collective, Stand Up 2 Cancer, Stanford University, and the Paul Allen Foundation; consulting and advisory board membership for Stylus Medicine, Caribou Biosciences, and BiomX outside the submitted work. Dr Shafer reported Speaking honorarium from Gilead, ViiV Healthcare, and advisory fees from GlaxoSmithKline outside the submitted work. Dr Miglis reported consulting/advisory fees from 2nd MD, Alight Health, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer; grants from Dysautonomia International, NIH, Embr Wave, Argenx; and royalty fees from Elsevier outside the submitted work. Dr Banerjee reported equity in Pfizer during the conduct of the study. Dr Utz reported funding including partial salary and financial support of laboratory during the conduct of the study. Dr Singh reported grants from Pfizer during the conduct of the study; grants from the NIH and AHRQ, advisory fees from Gilead and Regeneron for COVID-19 studies outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported. EDAT- 2024/06/07 18:42 MHDA- 2024/09/03 12:43 PMCR- 2024/06/07 CRDT- 2024/06/07 15:33 PHST- 2024/09/03 12:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/06/07 18:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/06/07 15:33 [entrez] PHST- 2024/06/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2819901 [pii] AID - ioi240036 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2007 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Sep 1;184(9):1024-1034. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2007. PMID- 38806183 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241128 LR - 20241129 IS - 1460-2393 (Electronic) IS - 1460-2393 (Linking) VI - 117 IP - 10 DP - 2024 Oct 1 TI - A potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and development of Alzheimer's disease. PG - 709-716 LID - 10.1093/qjmed/hcae103 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic extend to concerns about vaccine side effects, particularly potential links to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM: This study investigates the association between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of AD and its prodromal state, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DESIGN: A nationwide, retrospective cohort study leveraging data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service was conducted. METHODS: The study, conducted in Seoul, South Korea, analyzed data from a random 50% sample of city residents aged 65 and above, totaling 558 017 individuals. Participants were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, with vaccinations including mRNA and cDNA vaccines. The study focused on AD and MCI incidences post-vaccination, identified via ICD-10 codes, using multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses. Patients with vascular dementia or Parkinson's disease served as controls. RESULTS: Findings showed an increased incidence of MCI and AD in vaccinated individuals, particularly those receiving mRNA vaccines, within three months post-vaccination. The mRNA vaccine group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of AD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.225; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.025-1.464; P = 0.026) and MCI (OR: 2.377; CI: 1.845-3.064; P < 0.001) compared to the unvaccinated group. No significant relationship was found with vascular dementia or Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests a potential link between COVID-19 vaccination, particularly mRNA vaccines, and increased incidences of AD and MCI. This warrants the need for further research to elucidate the relationship between vaccine-induced immune responses and neurodegenerative processes, advocating for continuous monitoring and investigation into the vaccines' long-term neurological impacts. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Roh, Jee Hoon AU - Roh JH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3243-0529 AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Neurology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jung, Inha AU - Jung I AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Suh, Yunsun AU - Suh Y AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. AD - Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA. FAU - Kim, Min-Ho AU - Kim MH AD - Informatization Department, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. LA - eng GR - RS-2023-00220894/National Research Foundation/ GR - Korea Dementia Research/ GR - Korea Dementia Research Center/ GR - HU21C0066/Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of Science and ICT/ GR - K2123751/Korea University/ GR - Republic of Korea/ PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - QJM JT - QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians JID - 9438285 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects MH - Incidence MH - Republic of Korea/epidemiology MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Vaccination/adverse effects EDAT- 2024/05/29 00:49 MHDA- 2024/11/29 05:20 CRDT- 2024/05/28 20:34 PHST- 2024/03/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/05/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/11/29 05:20 [medline] PHST- 2024/05/29 00:49 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/05/28 20:34 [entrez] AID - 7684274 [pii] AID - 10.1093/qjmed/hcae103 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - QJM. 2024 Oct 1;117(10):709-716. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcae103. PMID- 38798859 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240527 LR - 20240801 IS - 2807-2618 (Electronic) IS - 2807-2618 (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Apr TI - Factors associated with cognitive impairment and the quality-of-life among COVID-19 survivors working as healthcare workers. PG - e658 LID - 10.52225/narra.v4i1.658 [doi] LID - e658 AB - Prolonged physical and mental health changes, known as post-COVID conditions (PCC), could impair the quality-of-life (QoL) of healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to cognitive impairments and QoL among COVID-19 survivors working as healthcare workers. This cross-sectional study involved healthcare workers at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess the cognitive function, while the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to evaluate the QoL. Factors associated with cognitive and QoL status were examined using Mann-Whitney and Chi-squared tests. A total of 100 COVID-19 survivors were included in the study, most of whom were female (74%), aged /=1:1000, and they significantly increased in our entire cohort after a positive test. We present odds ratios with CIs for long COVID signs, symptoms, and diagnoses, organized by ICD-10-CM functional groups and medical specialty. We used our definition to assess long COVID risk based on a patient's demographics, Elixhauser score, vaccination status, and COVID-19 disease severity. RESULTS: We developed a long COVID definition consisting of 323 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes grouped into 143 ICD-10-CM functional groups that were significantly increased in our 367,148 patient post-COVID-19 population. We defined 17 medical-specialty long COVID subtypes such as cardiology long COVID. Patients who were COVID-19-positive developed signs, symptoms, or diagnoses included in our long COVID definition at a proportion of at least 59.7% (268,320/449,450, based on a denominator of all patients who were COVID-19-positive). The long COVID cohort was 8 years older with more comorbidities (2-year Elixhauser score 7.97 in the patients with long COVID vs 4.21 in the patients with non-long COVID). Patients who had a more severe bout of COVID-19, as judged by their minimum oxygen saturation level, were also more likely to develop long COVID. CONCLUSIONS: An actionable, data-driven definition of long COVID can help clinicians screen for and diagnose long COVID, allowing identified patients to be admitted into appropriate monitoring and treatment programs. This long COVID definition can also support public health, research, and policy initiatives. Patients with COVID-19 who are older or have low oxygen saturation levels during their bout of COVID-19, or those who have multiple comorbidities should be preferentially watched for the development of long COVID. CI - (c)Skyler Resendez, Steven H Brown, Hugo Sebastian Ruiz Ayala, Prahalad Rangan, Jonathan Nebeker, Diane Montella, Peter L Elkin. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 30.04.2024. FAU - Resendez, Skyler AU - Resendez S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0422-2335 AD - Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States. FAU - Brown, Steven H AU - Brown SH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6103-1845 AD - Office of Health Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States. FAU - Ruiz Ayala, Hugo Sebastian AU - Ruiz Ayala HS AUID- ORCID: 0009-0006-9458-1177 AD - Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States. FAU - Rangan, Prahalad AU - Rangan P AUID- ORCID: 0009-0001-3095-7255 AD - Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States. FAU - Nebeker, Jonathan AU - Nebeker J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5355-5008 AD - Office of Health Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States. FAU - Montella, Diane AU - Montella D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9396-8798 AD - Office of Health Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States. FAU - Elkin, Peter L AU - Elkin PL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9616-6811 AD - Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States. AD - Office of Health Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States. LA - eng GR - R21 AA026954/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States GR - R25 LM014213/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States GR - T15 LM012495/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR001412/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20240430 PL - Canada TA - JMIR Public Health Surveill JT - JMIR public health and surveillance JID - 101669345 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications MH - Risk Factors MH - Male MH - *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Female MH - *Cross-Over Studies MH - Middle Aged MH - United States/epidemiology MH - Aged MH - International Classification of Diseases MH - Adult PMC - PMC11094603 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - COVID-19 testing OT - COVID-19 treatment OT - PASC OT - United States OT - Veterans Affairs OT - clinician OT - diagnosis OT - health care support OT - long COVID OT - long COVID cause OT - mobile phone OT - pandemic OT - policy initiatives OT - postacute sequelae of COVID-19 OT - public health OT - public safety COIS- Conflicts of Interest: None declared. EDAT- 2024/04/30 18:49 MHDA- 2024/04/30 18:50 PMCR- 2024/04/30 CRDT- 2024/04/30 16:53 PHST- 2023/06/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/02/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/04/30 18:50 [medline] PHST- 2024/04/30 18:49 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/04/30 16:53 [entrez] PHST- 2024/04/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - v10i1e49841 [pii] AID - 10.2196/49841 [doi] PST - epublish SO - JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Apr 30;10:e49841. doi: 10.2196/49841. PMID- 38684819 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240429 LR - 20240502 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Apr 29 TI - PASC (Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19) is associated with decreased neutralizing antibody titers in both biological sexes and increased ANG-2 and GM-CSF in females. PG - 9854 LID - 10.1038/s41598-024-60089-4 [doi] LID - 9854 AB - Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or the continuation of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) symptoms past 12 weeks may affect as many as 30% of people recovering from a SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2) infection. The mechanisms regulating the development of PASC are currently not known; however, hypotheses include virus reservoirs, pre-existing conditions, microblood clots, immune dysregulation, as well as poor antibody responses. Importantly, virus neutralizing antibodies are essential for COVID-19 recovery and protection from reinfection but there is currently limited information on these immune regulators and associated cytokines in PASC patients. Understanding the key drivers of general and specific symptoms associated with Long COVID and the presence of virus neutralizing antibodies in PASC will aid in the development of therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines which currently do not exist. We designed a cross-sectional study to investigate systemic antibody and cytokine responses during COVID-19 recovery and PASC. In total, 195 participants were recruited in one of four groups: (1) Those who never had COVID-19 (No COVID); (2) Those in acute COVID-19 recovery (Acute Recovery) (4-12 weeks post infection); (3) Those who recovered from COVID-19 (Recovered) (+ 12 weeks from infection); and (4) those who had PASC (PASC) (+ 12 weeks from infection). Participants completed a questionnaire on health history, sex, gender, demographics, experiences with COVID-19 acute and COVID-19 recovery/continuing symptoms. Serum samples collected were evaluated for antibody binding to viral proteins, virus neutralizing antibody titers, and serum cytokine levels using Ella SimplePlex Immunoassay panels. We found participants with PASC reported more pre-existing conditions (e.g. such as hypertension, asthma, and obesity), and PASC symptoms (e.g. fatigue, brain fog, headaches, and shortness of breath) following COVID-19 than COVID-19 Recovered individuals. Importantly, we found PASC individuals to have significantly decreased levels of neutralizing antibodies toward both SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron BA.1 variant. Sex analysis indicated that female PASC study participants had sustained antibody levels as well as levels of the inflammatory cytokines GM-CSF and ANG-2 over time following COVID-19. Our study reports people experiencing PASC had lower levels of virus neutralizing antibodies; however, the results are limited by the collection time post-COVID-19 and post-vaccination. Moreover, we found females experiencing PASC had sustained levels of GM-CSF and ANG-2. With lower levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, this data suggests that PASC individuals not only have had a suboptimal antibody response during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection but may also have increased susceptibility to subsequent infections which may exacerbate or prolong current PASC illnesses. We also provide evidence suggesting GM-CSF and ANG-2 to play a role in the sex-bias of PASC. Taken together, our findings maybe important for understanding immune molecular drivers of PASC and PASC subgroups. CI - (c) 2024. The Author(s). FAU - Jansen, Ethan B AU - Jansen EB AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. AD - Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Ostadgavahi, Ali Toloue AU - Ostadgavahi AT AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. FAU - Hewins, Benjamin AU - Hewins B AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. FAU - Buchanan, Rachelle AU - Buchanan R AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Thivierge, Brittany M AU - Thivierge BM AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Sganzerla Martinez, Gustavo AU - Sganzerla Martinez G AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. FAU - Goncin, Una AU - Goncin U AD - Department of Anesthesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Francis, Magen E AU - Francis ME AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. AD - Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Swan, Cynthia L AU - Swan CL AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Scruten, Erin AU - Scruten E AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Bell, Jack AU - Bell J AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. AD - Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Darbellay, Joseph AU - Darbellay J AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Facciuolo, Antonio AU - Facciuolo A AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. AD - Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Falzarano, Darryl AU - Falzarano D AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. AD - Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Gerdts, Volker AU - Gerdts V AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. AD - Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Fenton, Mark E AU - Fenton ME AD - Division of Respirology, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Hedlin, Peter AU - Hedlin P AD - Department of Anesthesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. FAU - Kelvin, David J AU - Kelvin DJ AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. FAU - Kelvin, Alyson A AU - Kelvin AA AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. alyson.kelvin@usask.ca. LA - eng GR - GA2-177714/Canadian Institutes for Health Research/ GR - 6425/Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation/ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20240429 PL - England TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 83869-56-1 (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - EC 3.4.17.23 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/immunology/blood/virology MH - Female MH - *Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/isolation & purification MH - *Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology/blood MH - Adult MH - *Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Aged MH - Sex Factors MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism PMC - PMC11058778 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2024/04/30 00:42 MHDA- 2024/04/30 00:43 PMCR- 2024/04/29 CRDT- 2024/04/29 23:38 PHST- 2023/09/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/04/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/04/30 00:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/04/30 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/04/29 23:38 [entrez] PHST- 2024/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-60089-4 [pii] AID - 60089 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-60089-4 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 29;14(1):9854. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60089-4. PMID- 38592016 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240411 IS - 2077-0383 (Print) IS - 2077-0383 (Electronic) IS - 2077-0383 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 5 DP - 2024 Feb 21 TI - Long-COVID Prevalence and Its Association with Health Outcomes in the Post-Vaccine and Antiviral-Availability Era. LID - 10.3390/jcm13051208 [doi] LID - 1208 AB - Background and Objectives: After recovering from COVID-19, patients may experience persistent symptoms, known as post-COVID-19 syndrome or long COVID, which include a range of continuing health problems. This research explores the prevalence, associated factors, and overall health outcomes of long COVID during a period of extensive vaccination and antiviral treatment availability in Thailand. Materials and Methods: This observational study involved 390 adult patients with COVID-19 between January and March 2022. Beginning three months after their diagnosis, these patients were interviewed via telephone every three months for a period of one year. The data collection process included gathering demographic information and administering a standardized questionnaire that addressed the patients' physical condition following COVID-19, their mental health, sleep disturbances, and overall quality of life. Results: The cohort consisted of 390 participants, with an average age of 31.8 +/- 13.6. Among them, 96.7% (n = 377) were vaccinated, and 98.2% (n = 383) underwent antiviral treatment. Long-COVID prevalence was observed at 77.7%, with the most frequently reported symptoms being fatigue (64.1%) and cough (43.9%). Regarding mental health, depression was reported by 8.2% of the participants, anxiety by 4.1%, and poor sleep quality by 33.3%. Advanced statistical analysis using multivariable logistic regression showed significant links between long-COVID symptoms and patients aged below 60 (p = 0.042), as well as the initial symptom of cough (p = 0.045). In the subset of long-COVID sufferers, there was a notable correlation in females with symptoms such as headaches (p = 0.001), dizziness (p = 0.007), and brain fog (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Despite the extensive distribution of vaccines and antiviral therapies, the prevalence of long COVID remains high, being associated particularly with individuals under 60 and those exhibiting a cough as an early symptom. The study further reveals that mental health issues related to long COVID are profound, going beyond the scope of physical symptomatology. FAU - Jangnin, Ramida AU - Jangnin R AD - Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Ritruangroj, Worraya AU - Ritruangroj W AD - Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Kittisupkajorn, Sirada AU - Kittisupkajorn S AD - Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Sukeiam, Pattarapa AU - Sukeiam P AD - Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Inchai, Juthamas AU - Inchai J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5497-7704 AD - Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Maneeton, Benchalak AU - Maneeton B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6125-6489 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Maneetorn, Narong AU - Maneetorn N AD - Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Chaiard, Jindarat AU - Chaiard J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7722-1619 AD - Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. FAU - Theerakittikul, Theerakorn AU - Theerakittikul T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6182-6218 AD - Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. AD - Sleep Disorder Center, Center for Medical Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. LA - eng GR - COV11/2565/Faculty of medicine, Chiang Mai University/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240221 PL - Switzerland TA - J Clin Med JT - Journal of clinical medicine JID - 101606588 PMC - PMC10931928 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - health impact OT - long COVID OT - post-vaccinated OT - quality of life COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2024/04/09 12:44 MHDA- 2024/04/09 12:45 PMCR- 2024/02/21 CRDT- 2024/04/09 10:13 PHST- 2024/01/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/02/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/02/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/04/09 12:45 [medline] PHST- 2024/04/09 12:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/04/09 10:13 [entrez] PHST- 2024/02/21 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jcm13051208 [pii] AID - jcm-13-01208 [pii] AID - 10.3390/jcm13051208 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Clin Med. 2024 Feb 21;13(5):1208. doi: 10.3390/jcm13051208. PMID- 38518038 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240325 LR - 20250503 IS - 1536-5964 (Electronic) IS - 0025-7974 (Print) IS - 0025-7974 (Linking) VI - 103 IP - 12 DP - 2024 Mar 22 TI - Long COVID's Impact on Patients, Workers, & Society: A review. PG - e37502 LID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000037502 [doi] LID - e37502 AB - The incidence of long COVID in adult survivors of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is approximately 11%. Of those afflicted, 26% have difficulty with day-to-day activities. The majority of long COIVD cases occur after mild or asymptomatic acute infection. Children can spread SARS-CoV-2 infections and can also develop long-term neurological, endocrine (type I diabetes), and immunological sequelae. Immunological hypofunction is exemplified by the recent large outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus and streptococcal infections. Neurological manifestations are associated with anatomical brain damage demonstrated on brain scans and autopsy studies. The prefrontal cortex is particularly susceptible. Common symptoms include brain fog, memory loss, executive dysfunction, and personality changes. The impact on society has been profound. Fewer than half of previously employed adults who develop long COVID are working full-time, and 42% of patients reported food insecurity and 20% reported difficulties paying rent. Vaccination not only helps prevent severe COVID-19, but numerous studies have found beneficial effects in preventing and mitigating long COVID. There is also evidence that vaccination after an acute infection can lessen the symptoms of long COVID. Physical and occupational therapy can also help patients regain function, but the approach must be "low and slow." Too much physical or mental activity can result in post-exertional malaise and set back the recovery process by days or weeks. The complexity of long COVID presentations coupled with rampant organized disinformation, have caused significant segments of the public to ignore sound public health advice. Further research is needed regarding treatment and effective public communication. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. FAU - Kavanagh, Kevin T AU - Kavanagh KT AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4588-6509 AD - Health Watch, Lexington, KY. FAU - Cormier, Lindsay E AU - Cormier LE AD - Health Watch USA, Eastern Kentucky University, Lexington, KY. FAU - Pontus, Christine AU - Pontus C AD - Health Watch USA, Massachusetts Nurses Association, Canton, MA. FAU - Bergman, Aaron AU - Bergman A AD - Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD. FAU - Webley, Wilmore AU - Webley W AD - Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Medicine (Baltimore) JT - Medicine JID - 2985248R SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Child MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Disease Outbreaks PMC - PMC10957027 COIS- The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose. EDAT- 2024/03/22 18:44 MHDA- 2024/03/25 06:44 PMCR- 2024/03/22 CRDT- 2024/03/22 14:13 PHST- 2024/03/25 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/03/22 18:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/03/22 14:13 [entrez] PHST- 2024/03/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 00005792-202403220-00050 [pii] AID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000037502 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Mar 22;103(12):e37502. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037502. PMID- 38517418 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240417 LR - 20240421 IS - 1538-3598 (Electronic) IS - 0098-7484 (Linking) VI - 331 IP - 15 DP - 2024 Apr 16 TI - COVID-19 Infection Tied to Slight Cognitive Deficits. PG - 1265 LID - 10.1001/jama.2024.2087 [doi] FAU - Harris, Emily AU - Harris E LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - JAMA JT - JAMA JID - 7501160 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/etiology MH - *COVID-19/complications/prevention & control MH - COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use MH - Vaccination EDAT- 2024/03/22 12:47 MHDA- 2024/04/17 06:42 CRDT- 2024/03/22 11:33 PHST- 2024/04/17 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/03/22 12:47 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/03/22 11:33 [entrez] AID - 2816704 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jama.2024.2087 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA. 2024 Apr 16;331(15):1265. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.2087. PMID- 38500880 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240320 LR - 20250522 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 15 DP - 2024 TI - The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches. PG - 1344086 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344086 [doi] LID - 1344086 AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with the virus, a significant proportion of them continue to experience health issues weeks, months and even years after acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. This persistence of clinical symptoms in infected individuals for at least three months after the onset of the disease or the emergence of new symptoms lasting more than two months, without any other explanation and alternative diagnosis have been named long COVID, long-haul COVID, post-COVID-19 conditions, chronic COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Long COVID has been characterized as a constellation of symptoms and disorders that vary widely in their manifestations. Further, the mechanisms underlying long COVID are not fully understood, which hamper efficient treatment options. This review describes predictors and the most common symptoms related to long COVID's effects on the central and peripheral nervous system and other organs and tissues. Furthermore, the transcriptional markers, molecular signaling pathways and risk factors for long COVID, such as sex, age, pre-existing condition, hospitalization during acute phase of COVID-19, vaccination, and lifestyle are presented. Finally, recommendations for patient rehabilitation and disease management, as well as alternative therapeutical approaches to long COVID sequelae are discussed. Understanding the complexity of this disease, its symptoms across multiple organ systems and overlapping pathologies and its possible mechanisms are paramount in developing diagnostic tools and treatments. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 Gheorghita, Soldanescu, Lobiuc, Caliman Sturdza, Filip, Constantinescu - Bercu, Dimian, Mangul and Covasa. FAU - Gheorghita, Roxana AU - Gheorghita R AD - Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania. AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. FAU - Soldanescu, Iuliana AU - Soldanescu I AD - Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. FAU - Lobiuc, Andrei AU - Lobiuc A AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. FAU - Caliman Sturdza, Olga Adriana AU - Caliman Sturdza OA AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. AD - Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Suceava, Romania. FAU - Filip, Roxana AU - Filip R AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. AD - Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Suceava, Romania. FAU - Constantinescu-Bercu, Adela AU - Constantinescu-Bercu A AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. AD - Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Hemostasis Research Unit, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom. FAU - Dimian, Mihai AU - Dimian M AD - Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. AD - Department of Computer, Electronics and Automation, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. FAU - Mangul, Serghei AU - Mangul S AD - Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. AD - Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Covasa, Mihai AU - Covasa M AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. AD - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20240304 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Disease Management MH - Disease Progression PMC - PMC10944866 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Inflammatory markers OT - PASC OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - brain fog OT - vascular injury COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2024/03/19 06:44 MHDA- 2024/03/20 06:45 PMCR- 2024/01/01 CRDT- 2024/03/19 03:43 PHST- 2023/11/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/02/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/03/20 06:45 [medline] PHST- 2024/03/19 06:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/03/19 03:43 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344086 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2024 Mar 4;15:1344086. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344086. eCollection 2024. PMID- 38447388 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240807 LR - 20250730 IS - 1873-7714 (Electronic) IS - 0163-8343 (Linking) VI - 88 DP - 2024 May-Jun TI - Prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog in people with long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PG - 10-22 LID - S0163-8343(24)00039-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.009 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Long COVID can include impaired cognition ('brain fog'; a term encompassing multiple symptoms) and mental health conditions. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their prevalence and to explore relevant factors associated with the incidence of impaired cognition and mental health conditions. METHODS: Searches were conducted in Medline and PsycINFO to cover the start of the pandemic until August 2023. Included studies reported prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog in adults with long COVID after clinically-diagnosed or PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. FINDINGS: 17 studies were included, reporting 41,249 long COVID patients. Across all timepoints (3-24 months), the combined prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog was 20.4% (95% CI 11.1%-34.4%), being lower among those previously hospitalised than in community-managed patients(19.5 vs 29.7% respectively; p = 0.047). The odds of mental health conditions and brain fog increased over time and when validated instruments were used. Odds of brain fog significantly decreased with increasing vaccination rates (p = .000). CONCLUSIONS: Given the increasing prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog over time, preventive interventions and treatments are needed. Research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms that could inform further research in development of effective treatments. The reduced risk of brain fog associated with vaccination emphasizes the need for ongoing vaccination programs. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina AU - van der Feltz-Cornelis C AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Hull York Medical School, (HYMS), University of York, York, United Kingdom; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: christina.vanderfeltz-cornelis@york.ac.uk. FAU - Turk, Fidan AU - Turk F AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom. FAU - Sweetman, Jennifer AU - Sweetman J AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom. FAU - Khunti, Kamlesh AU - Khunti K AD - Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. FAU - Gabbay, Mark AU - Gabbay M AD - Department of Primary Care and Mental Health University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. FAU - Shepherd, Jessie AU - Shepherd J AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom. FAU - Montgomery, Hugh AU - Montgomery H AD - Department of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Strain, W David AU - Strain WD AD - Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Science and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. FAU - Lip, Gregory Y H AU - Lip GYH AD - Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. FAU - Wootton, Dan AU - Wootton D AD - Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences and NIHR HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom. FAU - Watkins, Caroline Leigh AU - Watkins CL AD - Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom. FAU - Cuthbertson, Daniel J AU - Cuthbertson DJ AD - Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. FAU - Williams, Nefyn AU - Williams N AD - Department of Primary Care and Mental Health University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. FAU - Banerjee, Amitava AU - Banerjee A AD - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20240227 PL - United States TA - Gen Hosp Psychiatry JT - General hospital psychiatry JID - 7905527 EIN - Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2025 Jan-Feb;92:112. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.09.006. PMID: 39277496 MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Prevalence MH - *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology MH - Mental Disorders/epidemiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brain fog OT - COVID-19 OT - Long COVID OT - Mental health conditions OT - Meta-analysis OT - SARS-CoV-2 COIS- Declaration of competing interest Unless otherwise stated, funding for this project was paid to author institutions. In addition, CFC has had recent or current involvement with grants from the British Medical Association (CANDO Study), EU Horizon (EMPOWER Study), the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (Regional systems intervention for suicide prevention (SUPREMOCOL) in Noord -Brabant, the Netherlands), and NIHR HS&DR (Frequent Users of the Emergency Department: Improving and Standardising Services-a mixed methods study). CFC has received royalties for books on Psychiatry, an honorarium payment related to a lecture at the Big Questions in Neuroscience Annual meeting from Janssen UK, and has received travel and accommodation in the UK for a lecture from The Lloyd Register Foundation. CFC is an International member of the Scientific Advisory Board on the IMPACT in South Asia Research project, funded by the NIHR Global Health Program. KK is a past Chair of the Ethnicity Subgroup of the UK Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) and a past Member of SAGE. KK is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC EM) and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). MG is part-funded by NIHR applied Research Collaboration North West Coast. HM has consulted for Astra Zeneca on covid vaccines and monoclonal therapies. HM has accepted lecture fees and conference support from Astra Zeneca relating to covid vaccines and monoclonal therapies. GYHL is a consultant and speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Anthos; no fees are received personally. DW holds an NIHR Advanced Fellowship to study hospital acquired pneumonia; this is held at University of Liverpool. CLW receives support from Applied Research Collaboration (ARCNWC): NIHR ARC NWC, PARticipation And engagement in Life and LEisure activities foLlowing stroke (PARALLEL): developing of a complex intervention: NIHR ARC NWC Mental Health Early Career Researcher Development Fellowship, NIHR HTA (EASE: Evaluating Antidepressants for emotionaliSm after strokE: A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to establish the effect(s) of administration of sertraline (50 mg once daily for Six Months) in people with a recent stroke and post-stroke emotionalism; Should we use post-operative antibiotics following surgery for patients with mandible fractures? The MANTRA trial (MANdibular TRauma and Antibiotic use); Acceptability and feasibility of using the Virtual Engagement Rehabilitation Assistant (VERA) for community-based neurological rehabilitation). CLW receives support from NIHR Palliative and End of Life Care Research Partnerships for Living well and Dying Well in the last year of life for older people in rural and remote communities across the UK, and from NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research for PREPARE: imPRoving End of life care Practice in stroke cARE. CLW is a member of Data Monitoring and Ethics Committees (Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a personalised health promotion intervention enabling independence in older people with mild frailty ('HomeHealth'): A Randomised Controlled Trial; The Metoclopramide for Avoiding Pneumonia after Stroke (MAPS-2) Trial: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial of metoclopramide for the prevention of pneumonia in patients with dysphagia after an acute stroke), a Study Steering Committee 7 - Predicting AF after Cardiac Surgery - the PARADISE Score A Clinical Prediction Rule for Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery, and sat on a Trial Steering Committee - COVID NURSE: evaluation of the effects of a COVID-specific fundamental nursing care protocol compared to care as usual on experience of care for non-invasively ventilated patients in hospital with the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a randomised controlled trial. DJC has received investigator-initiated research funding, conference and/or consultancy fees and support for attending meetings/travel from NovoNordisk, Astra Zeneca and Ipsen. NW is Deputy Chair NIHR HTA Programme Funding Committee (Commissioned Research); payments are paid to institution. NW is GP partner in Llanfairfechan Group Practices; drawings are made to NW. AB has had recent or current involvement with NIHR, BMA, Astra Zeneca and UKRI research grants. AB is an unpaid Trustee for the South Asian Health Foundation. All other authors have no COIs to report. EDAT- 2024/03/07 00:43 MHDA- 2024/04/09 06:45 CRDT- 2024/03/06 18:09 PHST- 2024/01/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/02/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/02/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/04/09 06:45 [medline] PHST- 2024/03/07 00:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/03/06 18:09 [entrez] AID - S0163-8343(24)00039-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2024 May-Jun;88:10-22. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.009. Epub 2024 Feb 27. PMID- 38327277 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240210 IS - 2667-193X (Electronic) IS - 2667-193X (Linking) VI - 30 DP - 2024 Feb TI - Prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) among adults in Mexico during 2022: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative data. PG - 100688 LID - 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100688 [doi] LID - 100688 AB - BACKGROUND: Post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) remains a concerning long-term complication of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to characterize the epidemiology of PASC in Mexico during 2022 and identify potential associations of covariates with PASC prevalence using nationally representative data. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2022 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) from 24,434 participants, representing 85,521,661 adults >/=20 years. PASC was defined using both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) definition and a PASC score >/=12. Estimates of PASC prevalence were stratified by age, sex, rural vs. urban setting, social lag quartiles, number of reinfections, vaccination status and periods of predominance of SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants. Determinants of PASC were assessed using log-binomial regression models adjusted by survey weights. FINDINGS: Persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported by 12.44% (95% CI 11.89-12.99) of adults >/=20 years in Mexico in 2022. The most common persistent symptoms were fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, headache, cough, loss of smell or taste, fever, post-exertional malaise, brain fog, anxiety, and chest pain. PASC was present in 21.21% (95% CI 19.74-22.68) of subjects with previously diagnosed COVID-19. Over 28.6% of patients with PASC reported symptoms persistence >/=6 months and 14.05% reported incapacitating symptoms. Higher PASC prevalence was associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, depressive symptoms and living in states with high social lag. PASC prevalence, particularly its more severe forms, decreased with COVID-19 vaccination and for infections during periods of Omicron variant predominance. INTERPRETATION: PASC remains a significant public health burden in Mexico as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into endemic. Promoting SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prevention and booster vaccination may be useful in reducing PASC burden. FUNDING: This research was supported by Instituto Nacional de Geriatria in Mexico. CI - (c) 2024 The Author(s). FAU - Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen AU - Bello-Chavolla OY AD - Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Fermin-Martinez, Carlos A AU - Fermin-Martinez CA AD - Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico. AD - MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Ramirez-Garcia, Daniel AU - Ramirez-Garcia D AD - Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico. AD - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Vargas-Vazquez, Arsenio AU - Vargas-Vazquez A AD - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Fernandez-Chirino, Luisa AU - Fernandez-Chirino L AD - Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Basile-Alvarez, Martin Roberto AU - Basile-Alvarez MR AD - Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico. AD - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Sanchez-Castro, Paulina AU - Sanchez-Castro P AD - Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico. AD - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Nunez-Luna, Alejandra AU - Nunez-Luna A AD - Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico. AD - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo AU - Antonio-Villa NE AD - Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240203 PL - England TA - Lancet Reg Health Am JT - Lancet regional health. Americas JID - 9918232503006676 PMC - PMC10847769 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Long COVID OT - Mexico OT - PASC OT - Sequelae COIS- Nothing to disclose. EDAT- 2024/02/08 06:42 MHDA- 2024/02/08 06:43 PMCR- 2024/02/03 CRDT- 2024/02/08 04:03 PHST- 2023/07/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/01/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/08 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/08 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/08 04:03 [entrez] PHST- 2024/02/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2667-193X(24)00015-2 [pii] AID - 100688 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100688 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Lancet Reg Health Am. 2024 Feb 3;30:100688. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100688. eCollection 2024 Feb. PMID- 38252638 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240124 LR - 20260626 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 1 DP - 2024 TI - Characteristics and burden of acute COVID-19 and long-COVID: Demographic, physical, mental health, and economic perspectives. PG - e0297207 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0297207 [doi] LID - e0297207 AB - BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection and its associated consequence, known as long-COVID, lead to a significant burden on the global healthcare system and limitations in people's personal and work lives. This study aims to provide further insight into the impact of acute and ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and investigates the role of patients' gender and vaccination status. METHODS: 416 individuals (73.9% female) between the ages of 16 and 80 years (M = 44.18, SD = 12.90) with self-reported symptoms of long-COVID participated in an online survey conducted between March and May 2022. RESULTS: 6.0%, 74.3%, and 19.7% of all respondents reported having had an asymptomatic, mild, or severe acute illness, respectively. Out of all participants, 7.8% required hospitalization. The most prevalent symptoms during the acute infection (Mdn = 23.50 symptoms, IQR = 13-39) included fatigue, exhaustion, cough, brain fog, and memory problems. The median long-COVID disease duration was 12.10 months (IQR = 2.8-17.4). Among 64 inquired long-COVID symptoms (Mdn = 17.00 symptoms, IQR = 9-27), participants reported fatigue, exhaustion, memory problems, brain fog, and dyspnea as the most common ongoing symptoms, which were generally experienced as fluctuating and deteriorating after physical or cognitive activity. Common consequences of long-COVID included financial losses (40.5%), changes in the participants' profession (41.0%), stress resistance (87.5%), sexual life (38.1%), and mood (72.1%), as well as breathing difficulties (41.3%), or an increased drug intake (e.g., medicine, alcohol; 44.6%). In addition, vaccinated individuals exhibited a shorter acute illness duration and an earlier onset of long-COVID symptoms. In general, women reported more long-COVID symptoms than men. CONCLUSION: Long-COVID represents a heterogeneous disease and impacts multiple life aspects of those affected. Tailored rehabilitation programs targeting the plurality of physical and mental symptoms are needed. CI - Copyright: (c) 2024 Leitner et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. FAU - Leitner, Manuel AU - Leitner M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5267-1103 AD - Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. FAU - Potz, Gloria AU - Potz G AD - digitAAL Life GmbH, Graz, Austria. FAU - Berger, Martin AU - Berger M AD - Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. FAU - Fellner, Maria AU - Fellner M AD - digitAAL Life GmbH, Graz, Austria. FAU - Spat, Stephan AU - Spat S AD - digitAAL Life GmbH, Graz, Austria. FAU - Koini, Marisa AU - Koini M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1756-1379 AD - Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20240122 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Male MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Adolescent MH - Young Adult MH - Adult MH - Middle Aged MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Mental Health MH - Acute Disease MH - Dyspnea MH - Fatigue MH - Memory Disorders MH - Mental Fatigue MH - Demography PMC - PMC10802963 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2024/01/22 18:42 MHDA- 2024/01/24 06:43 PMCR- 2024/01/22 CRDT- 2024/01/22 13:33 PHST- 2023/08/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/24 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/22 18:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/22 13:33 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-23-25386 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0297207 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2024 Jan 22;19(1):e0297207. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297207. eCollection 2024. PMID- 38228087 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240402 LR - 20240827 IS - 2092-7193 (Electronic) IS - 2092-7193 (Linking) VI - 46 DP - 2024 TI - The bounds of meta-analytics and an alternative method. PG - e2024016 LID - 10.4178/epih.e2024016 [doi] LID - e2024016 AB - OBJECTIVES: Meta-analysis is a statistical appraisal of the data analytic implications of published articles (Y), estimating parameters including the odds ratio and relative risk. This information is helpful for evaluating the significance of the findings. The Higgins I2 index is often used to measure heterogeneity among studies. The objectives of this article are to amend the Higgins I2 index score in a novel and innovative way and to make it more useful in practice. METHODS: Heterogeneity among study populations can be affected by many sources, including the sample size and study design. They influence the Cochran Q score and, thus, the Higgins I2 score. In this regard, the I2 score is not an absolute indicator of heterogeneity. Q changes by bound as Y increases unboundedly. An innovative methodology is devised to show the conditional and unconditional probability structures. RESULTS: Various properties are derived, including showing that a zero correlation between Q and Y does not necessarily mean that they are independent. A new alternative statistic, S2, is derived and applied to mild cognitive impairment and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination for meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: A hidden shortcoming of the Higgins I2 index is overcome in this article by amending the Higgins I2 score. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is illustrated using 2 examples. The findings have potential health policy implications. FAU - Shanmugam, Ramalingam AU - Shanmugam R AD - School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA. FAU - Tabatabai, Mohammad AU - Tabatabai M AD - Meharry Medical College, School of Graduate Studies, Nashville, TN, USA. FAU - Wilus, Derek AU - Wilus D AD - Meharry Medical College, School of Graduate Studies, Nashville, TN, USA. FAU - Singh, Karan P AU - Singh KP AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA. LA - eng GR - G12 MD007586/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U54 MD007586/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis DEP - 20240107 PL - Korea (South) TA - Epidemiol Health JT - Epidemiology and health JID - 101519472 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction PMC - PMC11040225 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Cognitive impairment OT - Heterogeneity OT - Risk OT - Vaccination COIS- Conflict of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study. EDAT- 2024/01/17 00:41 MHDA- 2024/04/02 06:46 PMCR- 2024/01/07 CRDT- 2024/01/16 18:10 PHST- 2023/08/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/04/02 06:46 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/17 00:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/16 18:10 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - epih.e2024016 [pii] AID - epih-46-e2024016 [pii] AID - 10.4178/epih.e2024016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024016. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2024016. Epub 2024 Jan 7. PMID- 38186472 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240109 IS - 2168-8184 (Print) IS - 2168-8184 (Electronic) IS - 2168-8184 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 12 DP - 2023 Dec TI - Long COVID-19 Syndrome: Insights From a Major Tertiary Center in the UK on Who Is at Greater Risk. PG - e50027 LID - 10.7759/cureus.50027 [doi] LID - e50027 AB - INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the unprecedented 'long COVID' crisis, with persistent symptoms beyond two months post-infection. This study explores the nexus between long COVID symptoms, patient demographics such as age, gender, and smoking, and clinical factors like vaccination, disease severity, and comorbidities. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of records was conducted between September 2021 and December 2022. The analysis covered adults with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses. Data encompassed demographics, medical history, vaccination, disease severity, hospitalization, treatments, and post-COVID symptoms, analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 289 participants, the average age was 51.51 years. Around 62.6% were females, and 93% received the COVID-19 vaccination, i.e., primarily the mRNA vaccine (48.4%) and the adenovirus vector-based vaccine (34.8%). Reinfections occurred in 11.76% of cases. Disease severity varied, with 75% having mild, 15% having moderate, and 10% having severe infections. Hospitalization rates were significant (25.6%), including 10.7% requiring intensive care. Thirteen distinct post-COVID symptoms were reported. Fatigue, shortness of breath upon exertion, and brain fog emerged as the most prevalent symptoms. Notably, females exhibited higher symptom prevalence. Significant correlations were established between higher BMI and smoking with augmented symptomatology. Conversely, a link between booster doses and symptom reduction was discerned. Using multinomial regression analysis, gender and smoking were identified as predictors of post-COVID-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION: The study underscores obesity, smoking, and the female gender's impact on long COVID symptoms; boosters show promise in alleviation. Respiratory pathology might underlie persistent symptoms in cases with radiological abnormalities and abnormal spirometry. Findings contribute to risk stratification, intervention strategies, and further research. CI - Copyright (c) 2023, Tariq Khan et al. FAU - Tariq Khan, Saad AU - Tariq Khan S AD - Medicine, Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington, GBR. FAU - Rashid, Khalid AU - Rashid K AD - General Internal Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, GBR. FAU - Ansar, Farrukh AU - Ansar F AD - Medicine, Northwest School of Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, PAK. FAU - Khan, Muhammad Y AU - Khan MY AD - Medical Education, Pak International Medical College, Peshawar, PAK. FAU - Ali Khan, Fahd AU - Ali Khan F AD - Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, GBR. FAU - Ebrahim Husain Ahmed Ali Ismaeel, Rawan AU - Ebrahim Husain Ahmed Ali Ismaeel R AD - Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, GBR. FAU - Hanif Mohammed, Raheem AU - Hanif Mohammed R AD - Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, GBR. FAU - Mustafa, Rehan AU - Mustafa R AD - Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, GBR. FAU - Tariq Khan, Bisma AU - Tariq Khan B AD - Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK. FAU - Tariq, Behram AU - Tariq B AD - Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, GBR. FAU - Husssain, Mubbashar AU - Husssain M AD - Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, GBR. FAU - Waheed, Aamir AU - Waheed A AD - Internal Medicine, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, GBR. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20231206 PL - United States TA - Cureus JT - Cureus JID - 101596737 PMC - PMC10767765 OTO - NOTNLM OT - covid-19 OT - covid-19 vaccine OT - long covid-19 OT - post-covid-19 symptoms OT - predictors of post covid-19 syndrome COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2024/01/08 06:42 MHDA- 2024/01/08 06:43 PMCR- 2023/12/06 CRDT- 2024/01/08 04:25 PHST- 2023/12/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/08 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/08 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/08 04:25 [entrez] PHST- 2023/12/06 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.7759/cureus.50027 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cureus. 2023 Dec 6;15(12):e50027. doi: 10.7759/cureus.50027. eCollection 2023 Dec. PMID- 38166817 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240105 LR - 20240106 IS - 1471-2334 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2334 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Jan 2 TI - Factors affecting subsequent dose of COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on BASNEF model among older adults. PG - 18 LID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08903-8 [doi] LID - 18 AB - BACKGROUND: Vaccination is a primary prevention approach to preventing disease by disconnecting the transmission chain. The current study utilized a BASNEF model framework to identify factors influencing subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccination among older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in the west of Iran in May 2022. The participants were selected via multi-stage sampling. Finally, 1120 participants contributed to the present study. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: a) Socio-demographic characteristics, b) cognitive impairments tests, and c) Questionnaire about the subsequent dose of COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on the BASNEF model. Data were analyzed using the software IBM AMOS-20 and SPSS-23 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample T-tests were used, too. The significance level of statistical tests was regarded as less than 0.05. RESULTS: The presented results of analyzing 50% of the variance of vaccination intention as the dependent variable (R square = 0.497) and 10% of the behavior variance as the dependent variable (R square = 0.104) can be explained based on the BASNEF model. The enabling factors (beta = 0.636, p < 0.001) and the intention (beta = 0.322, p < 0.001) were important factors for subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in older adults. CONCLUSION: So, planning and implementing promotional intervention programs for older people (over 65; 80), females, illiterate, widows and divorced, good economic status, and urban areas is essential. It seems that enabling factors such as free vaccinations, vaccination inaccessible places such as public social security agencies, social supports such as involvement of the government and physicians, and improving information by the medium or knowledge-sharing experience, which can be further used to enhance the acceptance of subsequent doses of COVID-19 uptake in older adults. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s). FAU - Barati, Majid AU - Barati M AD - Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical sciences, Asadabad, Iran, Hamadan, IR, Iran. FAU - Jormand, Hanieh AU - Jormand H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4582-1473 AD - Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran. jormand69h@gmail.com. FAU - Khazaei, Salman AU - Khazaei S AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran. FAU - Bashirian, Saeed AU - Bashirian S AD - Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran. FAU - Sadri, Mohadeseh AU - Sadri M AD - Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Walfare and Rehablitation Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran. FAU - Afshari, Maryam AU - Afshari M AD - Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran. LA - eng GR - 140002281477/Hamadan University of Medical Sciences/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240102 PL - England TA - BMC Infect Dis JT - BMC infectious diseases JID - 100968551 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Aged MH - COVID-19 Vaccines MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Analysis of Variance MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction MH - Vaccination PMC - PMC10763401 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aging OT - COVID-19 vaccines OT - Immunosenescence OT - Intention COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2024/01/04 01:18 MHDA- 2024/01/05 06:43 PMCR- 2024/01/02 CRDT- 2024/01/03 09:16 PHST- 2023/09/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/05 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/04 01:18 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/03 09:16 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/02 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08903-8 [pii] AID - 8903 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08903-8 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 2;24(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08903-8. PMID- 38064215 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231216 LR - 20241007 IS - 2574-3805 (Electronic) IS - 2574-3805 (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 12 DP - 2023 Dec 1 TI - Rates of ICD-10 Code U09.9 Documentation and Clinical Characteristics of VA Patients With Post-COVID-19 Condition. PG - e2346783 LID - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46783 [doi] LID - e2346783 AB - IMPORTANCE: A significant proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals experience post-COVID-19 condition months after initial infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates, clinical setting, risk factors, and symptoms associated with the documentation of International Statistical Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10), code U09.9 for post-COVID-19 condition after acute infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study was performed within the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. Veterans with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result between October 1, 2021, the date ICD-10 code U09.9 was introduced, and January 31, 2023 (n = 388 980), and a randomly selected subsample of patients with the U09.9 code (n = 350) whose symptom prevalence was assessed by systematic medical record review, were included in the analysis. EXPOSURE: Positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Rates, clinical setting, risk factors, and symptoms associated with ICD-10 code U09.9 in the medical record. RESULTS: Among the 388 980 persons with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, the mean (SD) age was 61.4 (16.1) years; 87.3% were men. In terms of race and ethnicity, 0.8% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.4% were Asian, 20.7% were Black, 9.3% were Hispanic or Latino, 1.0% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; and 67.8% were White. Cumulative incidence of U09.9 documentation was 4.79% (95% CI, 4.73%-4.87%) at 6 months and 5.28% (95% CI, 5.21%-5.36%) at 12 months after infection. Factors independently associated with U09.9 documentation included older age, female sex, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, comorbidity burden, and severe acute infection manifesting by symptoms, hospitalization, or ventilation. Primary vaccination (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.78-0.83]) and booster vaccination (AHR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.64-0.69]) were associated with a lower likelihood of U09.9 documentation. Marked differences by geographic region and facility in U09.9 code documentation may reflect local screening and care practices. Among the 350 patients undergoing systematic medical record review, the most common symptoms documented in the medical records among patients with the U09.9 code were shortness of breath (130 [37.1%]), fatigue or exhaustion (78 [22.3%]), cough (63 [18.0%]), reduced cognitive function or brain fog (22 [6.3%]), and change in smell and/or taste (20 [5.7%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of 388 980 veterans, documentation of ICD-10 code U09.9 had marked regional and facility-level variability. Strong risk factors for U09.9 documentation were identified, while vaccination appeared to be protective. Accurate and consistent documentation of U09.9 is needed to maximize its utility in tracking patients for clinical care and research. Future studies should examine the long-term trajectory of individuals with U09.9 documentation. FAU - Wander, Pandora L AU - Wander PL AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Baraff, Aaron AU - Baraff A AD - Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington. FAU - Fox, Alexandra AU - Fox A AD - Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington. FAU - Cho, Kelly AU - Cho K AD - VA Centralized Interactive Phenomics Resources-VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts. AD - Department of Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Maripuri, Monika AU - Maripuri M AD - VA Centralized Interactive Phenomics Resources-VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Honerlaw, Jacqueline P AU - Honerlaw JP AD - VA Centralized Interactive Phenomics Resources-VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Ho, Yuk-Lam AU - Ho YL AD - VA Centralized Interactive Phenomics Resources-VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Dey, Andrew T AU - Dey AT AD - VA Centralized Interactive Phenomics Resources-VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - O'Hare, Ann M AU - O'Hare AM AD - Division of Nephrology, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System and University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Bohnert, Amy S B AU - Bohnert ASB AD - VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. FAU - Boyko, Edward J AU - Boyko EJ AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Maciejewski, Matthew L AU - Maciejewski ML AD - Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina. AD - Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. AD - Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. FAU - Viglianti, Elizabeth AU - Viglianti E AD - Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. AD - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. FAU - Iwashyna, Theodore J AU - Iwashyna TJ AD - Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. AD - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. FAU - Hynes, Denise M AU - Hynes DM AD - Center of Innovation to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon. AD - Health Management and Policy, School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Health Data and Informatics Program, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis. FAU - Osborne, Thomas F AU - Osborne TF AD - VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California. AD - Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Ioannou, George N AU - Ioannou GN AD - Division of Gastroenterology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle. AD - Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington. LA - eng GR - IK6 HX003395/HX/HSRD VA/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20231201 PL - United States TA - JAMA Netw Open JT - JAMA network open JID - 101729235 SB - IM MH - Male MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - *SARS-CoV-2 MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Cohort Studies MH - Retrospective Studies MH - International Classification of Diseases MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Chronic Disease PMC - PMC10709773 COIS- Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr O'Hare reported nonfinancial support for travel and accommodation from the University of Colorado outside the submitted work. Dr Maciejewski reported receiving grant funding from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development Service (HSR&D) during the conduct of the study; and owning stock in Amgen Inc due to spouse's employment. Dr Viglianti reported receiving grant funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) during the conduct of the study. Dr Iwashyna reported receiving grant funding from the VA HSR&D during the conduct of the study. Dr Hynes reported receiving grant funding from the VA, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Pacific Source Community Services, Inc, and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation outside the submitted work; and consulting fees for scientific consulting paid to van Breemen & Hynes LLC, unrelated to this research. Dr Ioannou reported receiving grant funding from the VA during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported. EDAT- 2023/12/08 12:42 MHDA- 2023/12/17 13:19 PMCR- 2023/12/08 CRDT- 2023/12/08 11:33 PHST- 2023/12/17 13:19 [medline] PHST- 2023/12/08 12:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/12/08 11:33 [entrez] PHST- 2023/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2812721 [pii] AID - zoi231365 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46783 [doi] PST - epublish SO - JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Dec 1;6(12):e2346783. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46783. PMID- 37951998 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231113 LR - 20260127 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Nov 11 TI - Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and risk of long COVID symptoms: a retrospective cohort study. PG - 19688 LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-46912-4 [doi] LID - 19688 AB - We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess whether treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a reduced risk of long COVID. We enrolled 500 adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 who were eligible for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; 250 who took nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and 250 who did not. The primary outcome was the development of one or more of eleven prespecified long COVID symptoms, assessed through a structured telephone interview four months after the positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, chronic conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination status. We found that participants who took nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were no less likely to develop long COVID symptoms, compared to those who did not take the medication (44% vs. 49.6%, p = 0.21). Taking nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a lower odds of two of the eleven long COVID symptoms, brain fog (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.88) and chest pain/tightness (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.91). Our finding that treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was not associated with a lower risk of developing long COVID is different from prior studies that obtained data only from electronic medical records. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s). FAU - Congdon, Seth AU - Congdon S AD - Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA. scongdon@montefiore.org. FAU - Narrowe, Zev AU - Narrowe Z AD - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. FAU - Yone, Nang AU - Yone N AD - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. FAU - Gunn, Jacob AU - Gunn J AD - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. FAU - Deng, Yuting AU - Deng Y AD - Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA. FAU - Nori, Priya AU - Nori P AD - Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA. FAU - Cowman, Kelsie AU - Cowman K AD - Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA. FAU - Islam, Marjan AU - Islam M AD - Department of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. FAU - Rikin, Sharon AU - Rikin S AD - Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA. FAU - Starrels, Joanna AU - Starrels J AD - Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20231111 PL - England TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - O3J8G9O825 (Ritonavir) RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) RN - 7R9A5P7H32 (nirmatrelvir) RN - 0 (Lactams) RN - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine) RN - 0 (Nitriles) RN - 9DLQ4CIU6V (Proline) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19 MH - COVID-19 Drug Treatment MH - COVID-19 Vaccines MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Ritonavir/therapeutic use MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Chest Pain MH - Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use MH - Lactams MH - Leucine MH - Nitriles MH - Proline PMC - PMC10640584 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2023/11/12 00:42 MHDA- 2023/11/13 06:42 PMCR- 2023/11/11 CRDT- 2023/11/11 23:30 PHST- 2023/08/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/11/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/11/13 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/11/12 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/11/11 23:30 [entrez] PHST- 2023/11/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-46912-4 [pii] AID - 46912 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-46912-4 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 11;13(1):19688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-46912-4. PMID- 37880112 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231128 LR - 20231128 IS - 1882-0654 (Electronic) IS - 0009-918X (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 11 DP - 2023 Nov 23 TI - [Cognitive Impairment as a Sequela of COVID-19: Pathophysiology and Prospects for Treatment]. PG - 725-731 LID - 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001902 [doi] AB - Cognitive impairment has been reported as a potential sequela of COVID-19. Risk factors associated with this impairment include advanced age, severe infection, and prolonged duration of anosmia (loss of smell). Furthermore, COVID-19 has been reported as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease, and even mild infections have been associated with visuospatial cognitive impairments. While multiple pathophysiological mechanisms have been implicated in COVID-19-related cognitive impairment, persistent infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is of particular interest due to its potential implications for treatment. Persistent infection could lead to cognitive impairments through mechanisms such as neurotoxicity mediated by spike proteins, neuroinflammation induced by cytokines, and neuronal cell fusion (syncytia). In terms of treatment, the effectiveness of vaccination has been demonstrated in meta-analyses, and drugs like metformin and antiviral agents hold promise. FAU - Shimohata, Takayoshi AU - Shimohata T AD - Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine. LA - jpn PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article DEP - 20231025 PL - Japan TA - Rinsho Shinkeigaku JT - Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology JID - 0417466 RN - 0 (Antiviral Agents) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/complications MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Persistent Infection MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology MH - Antiviral Agents OTO - NOTNLM OT - Alzheimer disease OT - COVID-19 OT - cognitive impairment OT - persistent infection OT - treatment EDAT- 2023/10/26 00:42 MHDA- 2023/11/28 06:42 CRDT- 2023/10/25 22:04 PHST- 2023/11/28 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/10/26 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/10/25 22:04 [entrez] AID - 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001902 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2023 Nov 23;63(11):725-731. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001902. Epub 2023 Oct 25. PMID- 37833640 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231023 LR - 20231122 IS - 1471-2334 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2334 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Oct 13 TI - EuCARE-POSTCOVID Study: a multicentre cohort study on long-term post-COVID-19 manifestations. PG - 684 LID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08595-0 [doi] LID - 684 AB - BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 condition refers to persistent or new onset symptoms occurring three months after acute COVID-19, which are unrelated to alternative diagnoses. Symptoms include fatigue, breathlessness, palpitations, pain, concentration difficulties ("brain fog"), sleep disorders, and anxiety/depression. The prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition ranges widely across studies, affecting 10-20% of patients and reaching 50-60% in certain cohorts, while the associated risk factors remain poorly understood. METHODS: This multicentre cohort study, both retrospective and prospective, aims to assess the incidence and risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition in a cohort of recovered patients. Secondary objectives include evaluating the association between circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and the risk of post-COVID-19 condition, as well as assessing long-term residual organ damage (lung, heart, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system) in relation to patient characteristics and virology (variant and viral load during the acute phase). Participants will include hospitalised and outpatient COVID-19 patients diagnosed between 01/03/2020 and 01/02/2025 from 8 participating centres. A control group will consist of hospitalised patients with respiratory infections other than COVID-19 during the same period. Patients will be followed up at the post-COVID-19 clinic of each centre at 2-3, 6-9, and 12-15 months after clinical recovery. Routine blood exams will be conducted, and patients will complete questionnaires to assess persisting symptoms, fatigue, dyspnoea, quality of life, disability, anxiety and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders. DISCUSSION: This study aims to understand post-COVID-19 syndrome's incidence and predictors by comparing pandemic waves, utilising retrospective and prospective data. Gender association, especially the potential higher prevalence in females, will be investigated. Symptom tracking via questionnaires and scales will monitor duration and evolution. Questionnaires will also collect data on vaccination, reinfections, and new health issues. Biological samples will enable future studies on post-COVID-19 sequelae mechanisms, including inflammation, immune dysregulation, and viral reservoirs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT05531773. CI - (c) 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature. FAU - Varisco, Benedetta AU - Varisco B AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via A Di Rudini 8, 20142, Milan, Italy. FAU - Bai, Francesca AU - Bai F AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via A Di Rudini 8, 20142, Milan, Italy. FAU - De Benedittis, Sara AU - De Benedittis S AD - ICONA Foundation, Milan, Italy. FAU - Tavelli, Alessandro AU - Tavelli A AD - ICONA Foundation, Milan, Italy. FAU - Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro AU - Cozzi-Lepri A AD - Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK. FAU - Sala, Matteo AU - Sala M AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via A Di Rudini 8, 20142, Milan, Italy. FAU - Miraglia, Federica Gaia AU - Miraglia FG AD - Clinical Trials and Grant Office, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Milan, Italy. FAU - Santoro, Maria Mercedes AU - Santoro MM AD - Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Lazio, Italy. FAU - Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca AU - Ceccherini-Silberstein F AD - Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Lazio, Italy. FAU - Shimoni, Yishai AU - Shimoni Y AD - Healthcare Informatics, IBM Research-Haifa, Mount Carmel Haifa, Israel. FAU - Ravid, Sivan AU - Ravid S AD - Healthcare Informatics, IBM Research-Haifa, Mount Carmel Haifa, Israel. FAU - Kozlovski, Tal AU - Kozlovski T AD - Healthcare Informatics, IBM Research-Haifa, Mount Carmel Haifa, Israel. FAU - Konig, Florian AU - Konig F AD - Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. FAU - Pfeifer, Nico AU - Pfeifer N AD - Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. FAU - Shamsara, Elham AU - Shamsara E AD - Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. FAU - Parczewski, Milosz AU - Parczewski M AD - Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland. FAU - Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio AU - Monforte AD AD - ICONA Foundation, Milan, Italy. FAU - Incardona, Francesca AU - Incardona F AD - IPRO-InformaPRO S.R.L, Rome, Italy. AD - EuResist Network, Rome, Italy. FAU - Mommo, Chiara AU - Mommo C AD - EuResist Network, Rome, Italy. FAU - Marchetti, Giulia AU - Marchetti G AD - Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via A Di Rudini 8, 20142, Milan, Italy. giulia.marchetti@unimi.it. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05531773 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study DEP - 20231013 PL - England TA - BMC Infect Dis JT - BMC infectious diseases JID - 100968551 RN - SARS-CoV-2 variants SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Cohort Studies MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Fatigue/epidemiology/etiology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Prospective Studies MH - Quality of Life MH - Retrospective Studies MH - *SARS-CoV-2 MH - Male PMC - PMC10576381 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Follow-up after COVID-19 OT - Gender association in post-COVID-19 OT - Long COVID OT - Persistence of COVID-19 symptoms OT - Post Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection OT - Post-COVID-19 condition OT - Residual organ damage in COVID-19 OT - Variant association in post-COVID-19 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2023/10/14 10:42 MHDA- 2023/10/23 01:18 PMCR- 2023/10/13 CRDT- 2023/10/13 23:52 PHST- 2023/07/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/09/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/10/23 01:18 [medline] PHST- 2023/10/14 10:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/10/13 23:52 [entrez] PHST- 2023/10/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08595-0 [pii] AID - 8595 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12879-023-08595-0 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 13;23(1):684. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08595-0. PMID- 37819703 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231102 LR - 20241217 IS - 2369-2960 (Electronic) IS - 2369-2960 (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2023 Oct 11 TI - Immune-Boosting Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine: Real-World Bidirectional Cohort Study. PG - e47272 LID - 10.2196/47272 [doi] LID - e47272 AB - BACKGROUND: As the SARS-CoV-2 attenuates and antibodies from the COVID-19 vaccine decline, long-term attention should be paid to the durability of primary booster administration and the preventive effect of the second or multiple booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the durability of primary booster administration and the preventive effect of second or multiple booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: We established a bidirectional cohort in Guizhou Province, China. Eligible participants who had received the primary booster dose were enrolled for blood sample collection and administration of the second booster dose. A retrospective cohort for the time of administration was constructed to evaluate antibody attenuation 6-12 months after the primary booster dose, while a prospective cohort on the vaccine effect of the second booster dose was constructed for 4 months after the second administration. RESULTS: Between September 21, 2022, and January 30, 2023, a total of 327 participants were included in the final statistical analysis plan. The retrospective cohort revealed that approximately 6-12 months after receiving the primary booster, immunoglobulin G (IgG) slowly declined with time, while immunoglobulin A (IgA) remained almost constant. The prospective cohort showed that 28 days after receiving the second booster, the antibody levels were significantly improved. Higher levels of IgG and IgA were associated with better protection against COVID-19 infection for vaccine recipients. Regarding the protection of antibody levels against post-COVID-19 symptoms, the increase of the IgG had a protective effect on brain fog and sleep quality, while IgA had a protective effect on shortness of breath, brain fog, impaired coordination, and physical pain. CONCLUSIONS: The IgG and IgA produced by the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines can protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and may alleviate some post-COVID-19 symptoms. Further data and studies on secondary booster administration are required to confirm these conclusions. CI - (c)Ming Liu, Tianshuo Zhao, Qiuyue Mu, Ruizhi Zhang, Chunting Liu, Fei Xu, Luxiang Liang, Linglu Zhao, Suye Zhao, Xianming Cai, Mingting Wang, Ninghua Huang, Tian Feng, Shiguang Lei, Guanghong Yang, Fuqiang Cui. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 11.10.2023. FAU - Liu, Ming AU - Liu M AUID- ORCID: 0009-0002-5329-1385 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Zhao, Tianshuo AU - Zhao T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5279-3215 AD - Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. FAU - Mu, Qiuyue AU - Mu Q AUID- ORCID: 0009-0002-1241-043X AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Zhang, Ruizhi AU - Zhang R AUID- ORCID: 0009-0007-4471-731X AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Liu, Chunting AU - Liu C AUID- ORCID: 0009-0006-9426-6476 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Xu, Fei AU - Xu F AUID- ORCID: 0009-0000-0815-7836 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Liang, Luxiang AU - Liang L AUID- ORCID: 0009-0009-1999-3333 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Zhao, Linglu AU - Zhao L AUID- ORCID: 0009-0008-2937-6278 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Zhao, Suye AU - Zhao S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8606-8062 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Cai, Xianming AU - Cai X AUID- ORCID: 0009-0006-5457-9267 AD - Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. FAU - Wang, Mingting AU - Wang M AUID- ORCID: 0009-0001-8064-5030 AD - Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. FAU - Huang, Ninghua AU - Huang N AUID- ORCID: 0009-0002-5072-2645 AD - Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. FAU - Feng, Tian AU - Feng T AUID- ORCID: 0009-0007-5412-9730 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Lei, Shiguang AU - Lei S AUID- ORCID: 0009-0004-6217-5399 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Yang, Guanghong AU - Yang G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5541-5869 AD - Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. FAU - Cui, Fuqiang AU - Cui F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5279-3215 AD - Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20231011 PL - Canada TA - JMIR Public Health Surveill JT - JMIR public health and surveillance JID - 101669345 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin A) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin G) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19 Vaccines MH - Cohort Studies MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Prospective Studies MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Immunoglobulin A MH - Immunoglobulin G PMC - PMC10569382 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - COVID-19 vaccine OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - bidirectional cohort study OT - booster administration OT - real-world study OT - vaccine efficacy COIS- Conflicts of Interest: None declared. EDAT- 2023/10/11 14:43 MHDA- 2023/11/02 12:45 PMCR- 2023/10/11 CRDT- 2023/10/11 11:53 PHST- 2023/03/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/06/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/11/02 12:45 [medline] PHST- 2023/10/11 14:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/10/11 11:53 [entrez] PHST- 2023/10/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - v9i1e47272 [pii] AID - 10.2196/47272 [doi] PST - epublish SO - JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2023 Oct 11;9:e47272. doi: 10.2196/47272. PMID- 37388279 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230704 IS - 2572-9365 (Electronic) IS - 2572-9365 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 2 DP - 2023 TI - Long COVID: Complications, Underlying Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies. PG - 36-61 AB - Long Covid is one of the most prevalent and puzzling conditions that arose with the Covid pandemic. Covid-19 infection generally resolves within several weeks but some experience new or lingering symptoms. Though there is no formal definition for such lingering symptoms the CDC boadly describes long Covid as persons having a wide range of new, recurring or sustained health issues four or more weeks after first being infected with SARS-CoV2. The WHO defines long Covid as the manifestation of symptoms from a "probable or confirmed" Covid-19 infection that start approximately 3 months after the onset of the acute infection and last for more than 2 months. Numerous studies have looked at the implications of long Covid on various organs. Many specific mechanisms have been proposed for such changes. In this article, we provide an overview of some of the main mechanisms by which long Covid induces end-organ damage proposed in recent research studies. We also review various treatment options, current clinical trials, and other potential therapeutic avenues to control long Covid followed by the information about the effect of vaccination on long Covid. Lastly, we discuss some of the questions and knowledge gaps in the present understanding of long Covid. We believe more studies of the effects long Covid has on quality of life, future health and life expectancy are required to better understand and eventually prevent or treat the disease. We acknowledge the effects of long Covid are not limited to those in this article but as it may affect the health of future offspring and therefore, we deem it important to identify more prognostic and therapeutic targets to control this condition. FAU - Zadeh, Farigol Hakem AU - Zadeh FH AD - Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA. FAU - Wilson, Daniel R AU - Wilson DR AD - Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA. FAU - Agrawal, Devendra K AU - Agrawal DK AD - Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 HL144125/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL147662/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230509 PL - United States TA - Arch Microbiol Immunol JT - Archives of microbiology & immunology JID - 9918451287306676 PMC - PMC10310313 MID - NIHMS1901771 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Anxiety OT - Brain fog OT - Chronic fatigue syndrome OT - Cognitive dysfunction OT - Covid-19 OT - Depression OT - Long Covid OT - Post Covid-19 syndrome OT - Post SARS-CoV2 OT - Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome OT - Pulmonary fibrosis COIS- Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/06/30 13:11 MHDA- 2023/06/30 13:12 PMCR- 2023/06/29 CRDT- 2023/06/30 10:00 PHST- 2023/06/30 13:12 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/30 13:11 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/30 10:00 [entrez] PHST- 2023/06/29 00:00 [pmc-release] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Microbiol Immunol. 2023;7(2):36-61. Epub 2023 May 9. PMID- 37278994 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230616 LR - 20260518 IS - 1538-3598 (Electronic) IS - 0098-7484 (Print) IS - 0098-7484 (Linking) VI - 329 IP - 22 DP - 2023 Jun 13 TI - Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. PG - 1934-1946 LID - 10.1001/jama.2023.8823 [doi] AB - IMPORTANCE: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Characterizing PASC requires analysis of prospectively and uniformly collected data from diverse uninfected and infected individuals. OBJECTIVE: To develop a definition of PASC using self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective observational cohort study of adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection at 85 enrolling sites (hospitals, health centers, community organizations) located in 33 states plus Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico. Participants who were enrolled in the RECOVER adult cohort before April 10, 2023, completed a symptom survey 6 months or more after acute symptom onset or test date. Selection included population-based, volunteer, and convenience sampling. EXPOSURE: SARS-CoV-2 infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: PASC and 44 participant-reported symptoms (with severity thresholds). RESULTS: A total of 9764 participants (89% SARS-CoV-2 infected; 71% female; 16% Hispanic/Latino; 15% non-Hispanic Black; median age, 47 years [IQR, 35-60]) met selection criteria. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 or greater (infected vs uninfected participants) for 37 symptoms. Symptoms contributing to PASC score included postexertional malaise, fatigue, brain fog, dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms, palpitations, changes in sexual desire or capacity, loss of or change in smell or taste, thirst, chronic cough, chest pain, and abnormal movements. Among 2231 participants first infected on or after December 1, 2021, and enrolled within 30 days of infection, 224 (10% [95% CI, 8.8%-11%]) were PASC positive at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A definition of PASC was developed based on symptoms in a prospective cohort study. As a first step to providing a framework for other investigations, iterative refinement that further incorporates other clinical features is needed to support actionable definitions of PASC. FAU - Thaweethai, Tanayott AU - Thaweethai T AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Jolley, Sarah E AU - Jolley SE AD - University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. FAU - Karlson, Elizabeth W AU - Karlson EW AD - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Levitan, Emily B AU - Levitan EB AD - University of Alabama at Birmingham. FAU - Levy, Bruce AU - Levy B AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. AD - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - McComsey, Grace A AU - McComsey GA AD - Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. FAU - McCorkell, Lisa AU - McCorkell L AD - Patient-Led Research Collaborative, Calabasas, California. FAU - Nadkarni, Girish N AU - Nadkarni GN AD - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. FAU - Parthasarathy, Sairam AU - Parthasarathy S AD - The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson. FAU - Singh, Upinder AU - Singh U AD - Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Walker, Tiffany A AU - Walker TA AD - Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Selvaggi, Caitlin A AU - Selvaggi CA AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Shinnick, Daniel J AU - Shinnick DJ AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Schulte, Carolin C M AU - Schulte CCM AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Atchley-Challenner, Rachel AU - Atchley-Challenner R AD - Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Alba, George A AU - Alba GA AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Alicic, Radica AU - Alicic R AD - University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Altman, Natasha AU - Altman N AD - University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. FAU - Anglin, Khamal AU - Anglin K AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Argueta, Urania AU - Argueta U AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Ashktorab, Hassan AU - Ashktorab H AD - Howard University, Washington, DC. FAU - Baslet, Gaston AU - Baslet G AD - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Bassett, Ingrid V AU - Bassett IV AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Bateman, Lucinda AU - Bateman L AD - Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. FAU - Bedi, Brahmchetna AU - Bedi B AD - Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Bhattacharyya, Shamik AU - Bhattacharyya S AD - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Bind, Marie-Abele AU - Bind MA AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Blomkalns, Andra L AU - Blomkalns AL AD - Stanford University, Stanford, California. FAU - Bonilla, Hector AU - Bonilla H AD - Stanford University, Stanford, California. FAU - Brim, Hassan AU - Brim H AD - Pathology Department, Howard University, Washington, DC. FAU - Bush, Patricia A AU - Bush PA AD - Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Georgia Inc, Atlanta. FAU - Castro, Mario AU - Castro M AD - University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. FAU - Chan, James AU - Chan J AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Charney, Alexander W AU - Charney AW AD - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. FAU - Chen, Peter AU - Chen P AD - Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. FAU - Chibnik, Lori B AU - Chibnik LB AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Chu, Helen Y AU - Chu HY AD - University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. FAU - Clifton, Rebecca G AU - Clifton RG AD - George Washington University, Washington, DC. FAU - Costantine, Maged M AU - Costantine MM AD - The Ohio State University, Columbus. FAU - Cribbs, Sushma K AU - Cribbs SK AD - Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Davila Nieves, Sylvia I AU - Davila Nieves SI AD - Universidad de Puerto Rico Recinto de Ciencias Medicas, San Juan, Puerto Rico. FAU - Deeks, Steven G AU - Deeks SG AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Duven, Alexandria AU - Duven A AD - Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. FAU - Emery, Ivette F AU - Emery IF AD - MaineHealth, Portland. FAU - Erdmann, Nathan AU - Erdmann N AD - University of Alabama at Birmingham. FAU - Erlandson, Kristine M AU - Erlandson KM AD - University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. FAU - Ernst, Kacey C AU - Ernst KC AD - The University of Arizona, Tucson. FAU - Farah-Abraham, Rachael AU - Farah-Abraham R AD - Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Farner, Cheryl E AU - Farner CE AD - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. FAU - Feuerriegel, Elen M AU - Feuerriegel EM AD - University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. FAU - Fleurimont, Judes AU - Fleurimont J AD - University of Illinois Chicago. FAU - Fonseca, Vivian AU - Fonseca V AD - Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. FAU - Franko, Nicholas AU - Franko N AD - University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Gainer, Vivian AU - Gainer V AD - Partners HealthCare Systems, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Gander, Jennifer C AU - Gander JC AD - Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta. FAU - Gardner, Edward M AU - Gardner EM AD - Denver Health, Denver, Colorado. FAU - Geng, Linda N AU - Geng LN AD - Stanford University, Stanford, California. FAU - Gibson, Kelly S AU - Gibson KS AD - MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio. FAU - Go, Minjoung AU - Go M AD - Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Goldman, Jason D AU - Goldman JD AD - Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. FAU - Grebe, Halle AU - Grebe H AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Greenway, Frank L AU - Greenway FL AD - Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. FAU - Habli, Mounira AU - Habli M AD - TriHealth, Cincinnati, Ohio. FAU - Hafner, John AU - Hafner J AD - University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine. FAU - Han, Jenny E AU - Han JE AD - Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Hanson, Keith A AU - Hanson KA AD - University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria. FAU - Heath, James AU - Heath J AD - Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington. FAU - Hernandez, Carla AU - Hernandez C AD - UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio. FAU - Hess, Rachel AU - Hess R AD - University of Utah Schools of the Health Sciences, Salt Lake City. FAU - Hodder, Sally L AU - Hodder SL AD - West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown. FAU - Hoffman, Matthew K AU - Hoffman MK AD - Christiana Care Health Services Inc, Newark, Delaware. FAU - Hoover, Susan E AU - Hoover SE AD - Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. FAU - Huang, Beatrice AU - Huang B AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Hughes, Brenna L AU - Hughes BL AD - Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. FAU - Jagannathan, Prasanna AU - Jagannathan P AD - Stanford University, Stanford, California. FAU - John, Janice AU - John J AD - Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts. FAU - Jordan, Michael R AU - Jordan MR AD - Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Katz, Stuart D AU - Katz SD AD - New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York. FAU - Kaufman, Elizabeth S AU - Kaufman ES AD - MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. FAU - Kelly, John D AU - Kelly JD AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Kelly, Sara W AU - Kelly SW AD - University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria. FAU - Kemp, Megan M AU - Kemp MM AD - University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Kirwan, John P AU - Kirwan JP AD - Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. FAU - Klein, Jonathan D AU - Klein JD AD - University of Illinois Chicago. FAU - Knox, Kenneth S AU - Knox KS AD - The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix. FAU - Krishnan, Jerry A AU - Krishnan JA AD - University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago. FAU - Kumar, Andre AU - Kumar A AD - Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Laiyemo, Adeyinka O AU - Laiyemo AO AD - Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC. FAU - Lambert, Allison A AU - Lambert AA AD - University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Lanca, Margaret AU - Lanca M AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Lee-Iannotti, Joyce K AU - Lee-Iannotti JK AD - The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix. FAU - Logarbo, Brian P AU - Logarbo BP AD - Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana. FAU - Longo, Michele T AU - Longo MT AD - Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. FAU - Luciano, Carlos A AU - Luciano CA AD - Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico. FAU - Lutrick, Karen AU - Lutrick K AD - The University of Arizona, Tucson. FAU - Maley, Jason H AU - Maley JH AD - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Mallett, Gail AU - Mallett G AD - Department of ObGyn/Maternal Fetal Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Marathe, Jai G AU - Marathe JG AD - Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Marconi, Vincent AU - Marconi V AD - Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Marshall, Gailen D AU - Marshall GD AD - University of Mississippi, Oxford. FAU - Martin, Christopher F AU - Martin CF AD - Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Matusov, Yuri AU - Matusov Y AD - Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. FAU - Mehari, Alem AU - Mehari A AD - Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC. FAU - Mendez-Figueroa, Hector AU - Mendez-Figueroa H AD - McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. FAU - Mermelstein, Robin AU - Mermelstein R AD - University of Illinois Chicago. FAU - Metz, Torri D AU - Metz TD AD - University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City. FAU - Morse, Richard AU - Morse R AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Mosier, Jarrod AU - Mosier J AD - University of Arizona, Tucson. FAU - Mouchati, Christian AU - Mouchati C AD - Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. FAU - Mullington, Janet AU - Mullington J AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Murphy, Shawn N AU - Murphy SN AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Neuman, Robert B AU - Neuman RB AD - Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Georgia Inc, Atlanta. FAU - Nikolich, Janko Z AU - Nikolich JZ AD - The University of Arizona, Tucson. FAU - Ofotokun, Ighovwerha AU - Ofotokun I AD - Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Ojemakinde, Elizabeth AU - Ojemakinde E AD - Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Palatnik, Anna AU - Palatnik A AD - Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. FAU - Palomares, Kristy AU - Palomares K AD - Saint Peter's University Hospital, Brunswick, New Jersey. FAU - Parimon, Tanyalak AU - Parimon T AD - Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California. FAU - Parry, Samuel AU - Parry S AD - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. FAU - Patterson, Jan E AU - Patterson JE AD - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. FAU - Patterson, Thomas F AU - Patterson TF AD - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. FAU - Patzer, Rachel E AU - Patzer RE AD - Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Peluso, Michael J AU - Peluso MJ AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - Pemu, Priscilla AU - Pemu P AD - Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Pettker, Christian M AU - Pettker CM AD - Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. FAU - Plunkett, Beth A AU - Plunkett BA AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. AD - NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois. FAU - Pogreba-Brown, Kristen AU - Pogreba-Brown K AD - The University of Arizona, Tucson. FAU - Poppas, Athena AU - Poppas A AD - Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. FAU - Quigley, John G AU - Quigley JG AD - University of Illinois Chicago. FAU - Reddy, Uma AU - Reddy U AD - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York. FAU - Reece, Rebecca AU - Reece R AD - West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown. FAU - Reeder, Harrison AU - Reeder H AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Reeves, W B AU - Reeves WB AD - Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. FAU - Reiman, Eric M AU - Reiman EM AD - Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona. FAU - Rischard, Franz AU - Rischard F AD - Banner University Medical Center Tucson, Arizona. FAU - Rosand, Jonathan AU - Rosand J AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Rouse, Dwight J AU - Rouse DJ AD - Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. FAU - Ruff, Adam AU - Ruff A AD - The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. FAU - Saade, George AU - Saade G AD - Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk. FAU - Sandoval, Grecio J AU - Sandoval GJ AD - Milken Institute of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC. FAU - Santana, Jorge L AU - Santana JL AD - School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico. FAU - Schlater, Shannon M AU - Schlater SM AD - University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City. FAU - Sciurba, Frank C AU - Sciurba FC AD - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. FAU - Shepherd, Fitzgerald AU - Shepherd F AD - Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Sherif, Zaki A AU - Sherif ZA AD - Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC. FAU - Simhan, Hyagriv AU - Simhan H AD - University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. FAU - Singer, Nora G AU - Singer NG AD - MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio. FAU - Skupski, Daniel W AU - Skupski DW AD - Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. FAU - Sowles, Amber AU - Sowles A AD - University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City. FAU - Sparks, Jeffrey A AU - Sparks JA AD - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Sukhera, Fatima I AU - Sukhera FI AD - The University of Oklahoma, Norman. FAU - Taylor, Barbara S AU - Taylor BS AD - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. FAU - Teunis, Larissa AU - Teunis L AD - Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Thomas, Robert J AU - Thomas RJ AD - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Thorp, John M AU - Thorp JM AD - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. FAU - Thuluvath, Paul AU - Thuluvath P AD - Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. FAU - Ticotsky, Amberly AU - Ticotsky A AD - Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts. FAU - Tita, Alan T AU - Tita AT AD - University of Alabama, Birmingham. FAU - Tuttle, Katherine R AU - Tuttle KR AD - University of Washington, Seattle. FAU - Urdaneta, Alfredo E AU - Urdaneta AE AD - Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. FAU - Valdivieso, Daisy AU - Valdivieso D AD - University of California, San Francisco. FAU - VanWagoner, Timothy M AU - VanWagoner TM AD - University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. FAU - Vasey, Andrew AU - Vasey A AD - University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. FAU - Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica AU - Verduzco-Gutierrez M AD - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. FAU - Wallace, Zachary S AU - Wallace ZS AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. FAU - Ward, Honorine D AU - Ward HD AD - Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. FAU - Warren, David E AU - Warren DE AD - University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. FAU - Weiner, Steven J AU - Weiner SJ AD - The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Rockville, Maryland. FAU - Welch, Shelley AU - Welch S AD - West Virginia University, Morgantown. FAU - Whiteheart, Sidney W AU - Whiteheart SW AD - University of Kentucky, Lexington. FAU - Wiley, Zanthia AU - Wiley Z AD - Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Wisnivesky, Juan P AU - Wisnivesky JP AD - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. FAU - Yee, Lynn M AU - Yee LM AD - Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Zisis, Sokratis AU - Zisis S AD - Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. FAU - Horwitz, Leora I AU - Horwitz LI AD - New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York. FAU - Foulkes, Andrea S AU - Foulkes AS AD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. CN - RECOVER Consortium LA - eng GR - OT2 HL156812/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD027869/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - K23 AI157875/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - UM1 TR004409/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD040544/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR004419/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - OT2 HL161841/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD040500/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL162373/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DK130351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 AG072946/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD040500/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD087230/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR002538/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD027915/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD087192/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - OT2 HL161847/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - L30 AI126521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - K23 AI146268/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - S10 OD026880/OD/NIH HHS/United States GR - K23 AI159518/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - S10 OD030463/OD/NIH HHS/United States GR - UM1 TR004528/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR002319/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - U54 GM115428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - L30 AI147159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL161386/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - JAMA JT - JAMA JID - 7501160 SB - IM CIN - JAMA. 2023 Jun 13;329(22):1918-1919. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.8961. PMID: 37227710 CIN - JAMA. 2023 Oct 17;330(15):1492. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.15712. PMID: 37847276 CIN - JAMA. 2023 Oct 17;330(15):1491-1492. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.15709. PMID: 37847279 MH - Female MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Male MH - *SARS-CoV-2 MH - *COVID-19/complications MH - Prospective Studies MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Cohort Studies MH - Disease Progression MH - Fatigue PMC - PMC10214179 COIS- Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Thaweethai reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and serving as co-investigator of the RECOVER Data Resource Core. Dr Jolley reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI. Dr Karlson reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Levitan reported receiving grants from the NIH and Amgen. Dr Levy reported receiving grants from the NHLBI and personal fees or research support from Entrinsic Bioscience, Nocion Therapeutics, Gossamer Bio, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi, Amgen, Genentech, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, and SRA. Dr McComsey reported serving as a consultant for Gilead, Merck, Janssen, and GlaxoSmithKline and receiving research support from Pfizer, Genentech, and Roche. Ms McCorkell reported receiving personal fees from NIH RECOVER and research funding as a subcontractor from the NIH and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Dr Parthasarathy reported receiving grants from the NIH, NHLBI, Sergey-Brin Foundation, and Regeneron and personal fees from Jazz Pharmaceuticals. Dr Singh reported receiving grants from Pfizer and serving as an advisor to Regeneron and Gilead. Dr Walker reported receiving grants from the NHLBI. Mr Shinnick reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI. Dr Horwitz reported receiving grants from the NIH and serving on an ad hoc committee for the National Academy of Medicine. Dr Foulkes reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI and personal fees from the Round Table Group and serving as principal investigator of the RECOVER Data Resource Core. Dr Alba reported receiving personal fees from Minerva Biotechnologies. Dr Alicic reported receiving grants from the NIH, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Travere Therapeutics and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr Ashktorab reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Bhattacharyya reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, UCB, and Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness and personal fees from American Academy of Neurology and UpToDate. Dr Castro reported receiving grants from the NIH, American Lung Association, PCORI, AstraZeneca, Gala Therapeutics, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pulmatrix, Sanofi, Shionogi, and Theravance Biopharma; personal fees from Allakos, Amgen, OM Pharma, Pfizer, Pioneering Medicines, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Sanofi, Merck, Novartis, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, and Regeneron; stock options from Aer Therapeutics; and royalties from Elsevier. Dr Chu reported receiving grants from the NIH and personal fees from Merck, Vir Biotechnology, AbbVie, Ellume, Pfizer, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; serving on advisory boards for Merck and AbbVie; conducting CME teaching with Medscape, Vindico, and Clinical Care Options; and receiving research funding from Gates Ventures and support and reagents from Ellume and Cepheid. Dr Clifton reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Costantine reported receiving grants from the NIH, Baxter International, and Siemens Healthcare and personal fees from Quidel, Progenity, and Siemens Healthcare. Dr Davila Nieves reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Deeks reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Emery reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Erdmann reported receiving grants from the NIH and personal fees from Perspectum and having a patent for Plantform. Dr Erlandson reported receiving grant funding and advisory fee payments from Gilead Sciences (paid to the University of Colorado) and advisory fee payments from Merck and ViiV (paid to the University of Colorado) in the last 3 years. Ms Gainer reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER. Dr Geng reported receiving grants from Pfizer and personal fees from UnitedHealthcare. Dr Gibson reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Go reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Goldman reported receiving grants from Gilead Sciences and Merck; personal fees from Gilead Sciences and Eli Lilly; contracted research from Gilead Sciences, Eli Lilly, and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; and nonfinancial support from Adaptive Biotechnologies, Labcorp, and Monogram Biosciences. Dr Greenway reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Heath reported receiving grants from Merck and Gilead Sciences, personal fees from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and being a board member for IsoPlexis. Dr Hess reported receiving grants from the NIH and being a member of a data and safety monitoring board for Astellas Pharmaceuticals. Dr Hodder reported receiving grants from the NHLBI. Dr Hoffman reported receiving grants from the NHLBI. Dr Hughes reported receiving honorarium from UpToDate and personal fees from AMAG Pharmaceuticals. Ms John reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Katz reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Klein reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER and consulting fees from Gilead Sciences. Dr Knox reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Krishnan reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI; personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, CereVu Medical, BData, Propeller, ResMed, American Board of Internal Medicine, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and research funding from the NIH, PCORI, American Lung Association, COPD Foundation, and the Sergey Brin Family Foundation. Dr Laiyemo reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Lambert reported receiving grants from the NIH and the PCORI and serving as a site principal investigator for trials funded by Vertex and Aceragan. Dr Luciano reported receiving grants from the NIH and speaker fees from Sanofi-Genzyme. Ms Mallett reported receiving grants from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Dr Marathe reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER and funding from Boston Medical Center. Dr Marconi reported receiving grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Veteran Affairs, and the NIH; grants, personal fees, nonfinancial support, and other from Eli Lilly and Gilead; grants and personal fees from ViiV; and nonfinancial support from Bayer. Dr Marshall reported receiving grants from the NIH. Mr Martin reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Metz reported receiving grants from the NIH and Pfizer and personal fees from Pfizer. Mr Morse reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI. Dr Mullington reported receiving grants from the NIH and Open Medicine Foundation and speaker and book chapter contribution for Idorsia Pharmaceuticals. Dr Murphy reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI. Dr Nikolich reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI. Dr Ojemakinde reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Parry reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER paid to Penn and funding from the Sergey Brin Family Foundation. Dr Peluso reported receiving personal fees from Gilead Sciences and AstraZeneca. Dr Pogreba-Brown reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER. Dr Poppas reported owning stock in GE and serving as an UpToDate contributor and co-editor of Hurst and Fuster's The Heart. Dr Quigley reported receiving grants from the NIH, Pfizer, AbbVie, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries and personal fees from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Servier Laboratories, Agios Pharmaceuticals, and Rigel Pharmaceuticals. Dr Reiman reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Rischard reported receiving grants from the NIH/NHLBI, Bayer, Janssen, Merck, Aerovate Therapeutics, and Respira Therapeutics and consulting relationships with Acceleron Pharma and United Therapeutics. Dr Rosand reported receiving grants from the NIH and the American Heart Association and personal fees from the National Football League and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Dr Shepherd reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER. Dr Simhan reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Singer reported receiving grants from Case Western Reserve University and MetroHealth. Dr Sparks reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund, the Llura Gund Award for Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Bristol Myers Squibb and personal fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer. Dr Thomas reported receiving personal fees from Guidepoint Global and GLG Councils and having a patent for ECG-spectrogram with royalties paid from MyCardio LLC through Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Dr Thuluvath reported receiving grants from Mercy Medical Center. Dr Tita reported receiving grants from Pfizer. Dr VanWagoner reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Vasey reported receiving grants from NIH RECOVER. Dr Wallace reported receiving grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, Sanofi, and Horizon Therapeutics and personal fees from Sanofi, Novartis, Shionogi, Visterra, Horizon Therapeutics, PPD Inc, Zenas BioPharma, and Medpace. Dr Warren reported receiving grants from the NIH. Mr Weiner reported receiving grants from the NIH. Ms Welch reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Wisnivesky reported receiving personal fees from PPD Inc, Banook, Sanofi, Atea Pharmaceuticals, and Prospero and grants from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Axella, Sanofi, and Arnold. Dr Yee reported receiving grants from the NIH. No other disclosures were reported. 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Martinez-Lage, Maria IR - Martinez-Lage M FIR - Maughan, Christine IR - Maughan C FIR - Mauntel-Medici, Cammeo IR - Mauntel-Medici C FIR - May, Heidi T IR - May HT FIR - Mayer, Kenneth H IR - Mayer KH FIR - Mazzotti, Diego R IR - Mazzotti DR FIR - McCallum, Caitryn M IR - McCallum CM FIR - McCrindle, Brian W IR - McCrindle BW FIR - McCulloh, Russell J IR - McCulloh RJ FIR - McDonald, Dylan IR - McDonald D FIR - McInnis, Stephanie IR - McInnis S FIR - McMurry, Julie A IR - McMurry JA FIR - Mejias, Asuncion IR - Mejias A FIR - Melamed, Jonathan IR - Melamed J FIR - Menchaca, Martha IR - Menchaca M FIR - Mendelsohn, Alan L IR - Mendelsohn AL FIR - Miele, Lucio IR - Miele L FIR - Miglis, Mitchell G IR - Miglis MG FIR - Milne, Cris IR - Milne C FIR - Milner, Joshua D IR - Milner JD FIR - Mitchell, Roger A IR - Mitchell RA FIR - Mittleman, Murray A IR - Mittleman MA FIR - Mohandas, Sindhu IR - Mohandas S FIR - Monteiro, Jonathan G IR - Monteiro JG FIR - Monzon, Vanessa IR - Monzon V FIR - Moreno, David J IR - Moreno DJ FIR - Morgan, Lerraughn M IR - Morgan LM FIR - Morozyuk, Dmitry IR - Morozyuk D FIR - Morse, Keith E IR - Morse KE FIR - Moyneur, Erick IR - Moyneur E FIR - Mudumbi, Praveen C IR - Mudumbi PC FIR - MYller-Oehring, Eva M IR - MYller-Oehring EM FIR - Muramatsu, Naoko IR - Muramatsu N FIR - Musick, Hugh IR - Musick H FIR - Nagavedu, Kshema IR - Nagavedu K FIR - Nahin, Erica R IR - Nahin ER FIR - Nambiar, Anoop M IR - Nambiar AM FIR - Natelson, Benjamin H IR - Natelson BH FIR - Neale, Michael C IR - Neale MC FIR - Ness-Cochinwala, Manette IR - Ness-Cochinwala M FIR - Newburger, Jane W IR - Newburger JW FIR - Newman, Lisa T IR - Newman LT FIR - Nguyen, Amber N IR - Nguyen AN FIR - Nichols, Lauren IR - Nichols L FIR - Nolan, Sheila M IR - Nolan SM FIR - Noland, Seth IR - Noland S FIR - Novak, Richard M IR - Novak RM FIR - O'Connor, George T IR - O'Connor GT FIR - O'Keefe, John J IR - O'Keefe JJ FIR - Ogbogu, Princess U IR - Ogbogu PU FIR - Oliveira, Carlos R IR - Oliveira CR FIR - Oster, Matthew E IR - Oster ME FIR - Padera, Robert F IR - Padera RF FIR - Paik, Henry H IR - Paik HH FIR - Pajor, Nathan M IR - Pajor NM FIR - Pan, Huaqin Helen IR - Pan HH FIR - Pant, Deepti IR - Pant D FIR - Partridge, Andrew IR - Partridge A FIR - Patel, Payal B IR - Patel PB FIR - Patel, Saaya IR - Patel S FIR - Patel, Khushboo IR - Patel K FIR - Paulus, Martin P IR - Paulus MP FIR - Payne, Ronald M IR - Payne RM FIR - Pearman, Ann IR - Pearman A FIR - Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam IR - Peralta-Carcelen M FIR - Perez, Nicolas L IR - Perez NL FIR - Pfaff, Emily R IR - Pfaff ER FIR - Pillers, De-Ann M IR - Pillers DM FIR - Pitsch, Chloe E IR - Pitsch CE FIR - Pliskin, Neil H IR - Pliskin NH FIR - Portman, Michael A IR - Portman MA FIR - Postelnicu, Radu IR - Postelnicu R FIR - Potter, Jennifer S IR - Potter JS FIR - Prabhakar, Bellur S IR - Prabhakar BS FIR - Prahalad, Priya IR - Prahalad P FIR - Prasad, Bharati IR - Prasad B FIR - Predki, Barbara IR - Predki B FIR - Preiss, Alexander J IR - Preiss AJ FIR - Prendergast, Heather M IR - Prendergast HM FIR - Quinn, Davin K IR - Quinn DK FIR - Quintana, Yuri IR - Quintana Y FIR - Rabideau, Dustin J IR - Rabideau DJ FIR - Radosta, Jonathan M IR - Radosta JM FIR - Radwell, Jeffrey IR - Radwell J FIR - Raissy, Hengameh IR - Raissy H FIR - Ramchandran, Ramaswamy IR - Ramchandran R FIR - Randall, Isabelle IR - Randall I FIR - Rao, Suchitra IR - Rao S FIR - Rapkiewicz, Amy IR - Rapkiewicz A FIR - Rasmussen, Sonja A IR - Rasmussen SA FIR - Razzaghi, Hanieh IR - Razzaghi H FIR - Rebello, Candida J IR - Rebello CJ FIR - Rebolledo, Paulina A IR - Rebolledo PA FIR - Reddy, Neha V IR - Reddy NV FIR - Reddy, Unma M IR - Reddy UM FIR - Reedy, Cara IR - Reedy C FIR - Rehman, Jalees IR - Rehman J FIR - Reichard, R R IR - Reichard RR FIR - Reid, Kayleigh M IR - Reid KM FIR - Reusch, Jane E IR - Reusch JE FIR - Rhee, Kyung E IR - Rhee KE FIR - Rice, Mary B IR - Rice MB FIR - Rizzo, John-Ross R IR - Rizzo JR FIR - Roan, Nadia R IR - Roan NR FIR - Robarts, Polly IR - Robarts P FIR - Roberts, Timothy R IR - Roberts TR FIR - Rochez, Nitza IR - Rochez N FIR - Rodgers, Kathleen E IR - Rodgers KE FIR - Rogerson, Colin M IR - Rogerson CM FIR - Romero, Maria E IR - Romero ME FIR - Rosas, Johana M IR - Rosas JM FIR - Rosenzweig, Erika B IR - Rosenzweig EB FIR - Rothman, Russell L IR - Rothman RL FIR - Rouphael, Nadine G IR - Rouphael NG FIR - Russell, Mark W IR - Russell MW FIR - Rutherfoord, Melissa IR - Rutherfoord M FIR - Sabati, Arash A IR - Sabati AA FIR - Sader, Samer B IR - Sader SB FIR - Salehi, Marzieh IR - Salehi M FIR - Salisbury, Amy L IR - Salisbury AL FIR - Sampson, Barbara A IR - Sampson BA FIR - Sanil, Yamuna IR - Sanil Y FIR - Sato, Alice I IR - Sato AI FIR - Saydah, Sharon H IR - Saydah SH FIR - Schechter, Michael S IR - Schechter MS FIR - Schenck, Edward J IR - Schenck EJ FIR - Schlepphorst, Katherine I IR - Schlepphorst KI FIR - Schuchard, Julia IR - Schuchard J FIR - Schuh, Tina L IR - Schuh TL FIR - Sculley, Jennifer A IR - Sculley JA FIR - Seifert, Alan C IR - Seifert AC FIR - Sekar, Anisha K IR - Sekar AK FIR - Selvarangan, Rangaraj IR - Selvarangan R FIR - Seshadri, Sudha IR - Seshadri S FIR - Sesso, Howard D IR - Sesso HD FIR - Shah, Dimpy P IR - Shah DP FIR - Shakti, Divya IR - Shakti D FIR - Shapiro, Nancy L IR - Shapiro NL FIR - Sharma, Suchetha IR - Sharma S FIR - Sharma, Kumar IR - Sharma K FIR - Sharma, Shubhi IR - Sharma S FIR - Sharma, Kavita IR - Sharma K FIR - Shaw, Gwendolyn IR - Shaw G FIR - Shemesh, Eyal IR - Shemesh E FIR - Shen, Yishan IR - Shen Y FIR - Shenkman, Elizabeth IR - Shenkman E FIR - Shiau, Stephanie IR - Shiau S FIR - Siciliano, Michelle IR - Siciliano M FIR - Simsir, Aylin IR - Simsir A FIR - Smith, Veronica E IR - Smith VE FIR - Snowden, Jessica N IR - Snowden JN FIR - Solomon, Isaac H IR - Solomon IH FIR - Spikes, Leslie A IR - Spikes LA FIR - Squeglia, Lindsay M IR - Squeglia LM FIR - Srivastava, Shubhika IR - Srivastava S FIR - St Jean, Mary L IR - St Jean ML FIR - Stapleford, Kenneth A IR - Stapleford KA FIR - Stein, Cheryl R IR - Stein CR FIR - Stevenson, Michelle D IR - Stevenson MD FIR - Stewart de Ramirez, Sarah A IR - Stewart de Ramirez SA FIR - Stiles, Lauren E IR - Stiles LE FIR - Stock, Aryeh IR - Stock A FIR - Stockwell, Melissa S IR - Stockwell MS FIR - Stone, James R IR - Stone JR FIR - Stratford, Jeran IR - Stratford J FIR - StYrmer, Til IR - StYrmer T FIR - Subbian, Vignesh IR - Subbian V FIR - Sun, Jun IR - Sun J FIR - Suthar, Mehul S IR - Suthar MS FIR - Sylvera, Ashley IR - Sylvera A FIR - Systrom, David M IR - Systrom DM FIR - Szmuszkovicz, Jacqueline IR - Szmuszkovicz J FIR - Talavera-Barber, Maria M IR - Talavera-Barber MM FIR - Tantisira, Kelan G IR - Tantisira KG FIR - Tartt, Nancy IR - Tartt N FIR - Terlinde, Tracy IR - Terlinde T FIR - Teufel, Ronald J IR - Teufel RJ FIR - Thacker, Deepika IR - Thacker D FIR - Thakrar, Mansi IR - Thakrar M FIR - Thibodeau, Stephen N IR - Thibodeau SN FIR - Thomas, Gelise L IR - Thomas GL FIR - Thomason, Moriah E IR - Thomason ME FIR - Tong, Jiayi IR - Tong J FIR - Torres, Robert IR - Torres R FIR - Traenkner, Jessica IR - Traenkner J FIR - Tragus, Robin IR - Tragus R FIR - Trinity, Joel D IR - Trinity JD FIR - Tronieri, Jena S IR - Tronieri JS FIR - Troxel, Andrea B IR - Troxel AB FIR - Truong, Jennifer IR - Truong J FIR - Truong, Dongngan T IR - Truong DT FIR - Tsevat, Joel IR - Tsevat J FIR - Udosen, Mmekom M IR - Udosen MM FIR - Unterberger, Kristen IR - Unterberger K FIR - Utz, Paul J IR - Utz PJ FIR - Vaccarino, Viola IR - Vaccarino V FIR - Vallejos, Brittany B IR - Vallejos BB FIR - Vanden Hoek, Terry L IR - Vanden Hoek TL FIR - Vangeepuram, Nita IR - Vangeepuram N FIR - Varma, Jay K IR - Varma JK FIR - Vernon, Suzanne D IR - Vernon SD FIR - Vidal, Crystal M IR - Vidal CM FIR - Vivensi, Sara IR - Vivensi S FIR - Vohra, Adam S IR - Vohra AS FIR - Wagner, Laura K IR - Wagner LK FIR - Wang, Fei IR - Wang F FIR - Warburton, David IR - Warburton D FIR - Warner, Megan R IR - Warner MR FIR - Watkins, Rebecca L IR - Watkins RL FIR - Watson, Sara E IR - Watson SE FIR - Webb, Ryan IR - Webb R FIR - Weeks, Ryan M IR - Weeks RM FIR - Weiner, Mark G IR - Weiner MG FIR - Werzberger, Alan IR - Werzberger A FIR - West, Shelby C IR - West SC FIR - Weyer, Jordan C IR - Weyer JC FIR - Wheeler, Jennifer L IR - Wheeler JL FIR - Wilkins, Kenneth J IR - Wilkins KJ FIR - Williams, Natasha J IR - Williams NJ FIR - Williams, Charles T IR - Williams CT FIR - Wimberly, Erika S IR - Wimberly ES FIR - Winter, Terra J IR - Winter TJ FIR - Woller, Scott C IR - Woller SC FIR - Wong, Rachel IR - Wong R FIR - Wood, Jeremy P IR - Wood JP FIR - Wood, John C IR - Wood JC FIR - Wood, Marion J J IR - Wood MJJ FIR - Wu, Qiong IR - Wu Q FIR - Xia, Yinglin IR - Xia Y FIR - Xu, Jie IR - Xu J FIR - Yang, Samuel IR - Yang S FIR - Yin, H S IR - Yin HS FIR - Yin, Hsiang S IR - Yin HS FIR - Yoo, Yun Jae IR - Yoo YJ FIR - Young, Chloe E IR - Young CE FIR - Young, Natalie M IR - Young NM FIR - Zang, Chengxi IR - Zang C FIR - Zempsky, William T IR - Zempsky WT FIR - Zhang, Bingyu IR - Zhang B FIR - Zhang, Yongkang IR - Zhang Y FIR - Zhang, Dazheng IR - Zhang D FIR - Zimmerman, Emily IR - Zimmerman E FIR - Andrefsky, John IR - Andrefsky J FIR - Marrazzo, Jeanne M IR - Marrazzo JM FIR - Dixon, Jennifer IR - Dixon J FIR - Gale, Lisa IR - Gale L FIR - Maholovich, Phoebe IR - Maholovich P FIR - Sudhindra, Praveen IR - Sudhindra P FIR - Thompson, Tiffany IR - Thompson T FIR - Sheehan, Elyce IR - Sheehan E FIR - Parada, Alisha IR - Parada A FIR - Knowlton, Kiirk IR - Knowlton K FIR - Anderson, Jeffrey L IR - Anderson JL FIR - McIntyre, Marjorie IR - McIntyre M FIR - McCandless, Sean IR - McCandless S FIR - Montoya, Sarah IR - Montoya S FIR - Davis, Debra IR - Davis D FIR - Spanier, Eric IR - Spanier E FIR - Wodushek, Thomas IR - Wodushek T FIR - Sokol, Ron IR - Sokol R FIR - Maldonado, Yvonne IR - Maldonado Y FIR - Jacobson, Karen IR - Jacobson K FIR - Yang, Samuel IR - Yang S FIR - Jia, Xiaolin Kathleen IR - Jia XK FIR - Scott, Jake IR - Scott J FIR - Quintero, Orlando IR - Quintero O FIR - Haddad, Francois IR - Haddad F FIR - Valantine, Hannah IR - Valantine H FIR - Zamanian, Roham IR - Zamanian R FIR - Pathak, Divya IR - Pathak D FIR - Boyce, Jeanette IR - Boyce J FIR - Facco, Francesca IR - Facco F FIR - Hankle, Sarah IR - Hankle S FIR - Vargo, John A IR - Vargo JA FIR - Campbell, Donna IR - Campbell D FIR - Armstrong, Donna IR - Armstrong D FIR - Mann, Madison IR - Mann M FIR - Burrell, Nicole IR - Burrell N FIR - Bartholomew, Anna IR - Bartholomew A FIR - Grobman, William A IR - Grobman WA FIR - Cackovic, Barbara IR - Cackovic B FIR - Klopfenstein, Baylee IR - Klopfenstein B FIR - Weigand, Samantha IR - Weigand S FIR - Snow, E Kaye IR - Snow EK FIR - Fennig, Kathleen IR - Fennig K FIR - Esplin, M Sean IR - Esplin MS FIR - Lamb, Denise IR - Lamb D FIR - Nelsen, Amanda IR - Nelsen A FIR - Phipers, Jocelyn IR - Phipers J FIR - Fischer, Lauren IR - Fischer L FIR - Docter, Olivia IR - Docter O FIR - Brown, Jeanette IR - Brown J FIR - DeMartino, Angelica IR - DeMartino A FIR - Allard, Donna IR - Allard D FIR - Miller, Emily IR - Miller E FIR - Bousleiman, Sabine Z IR - Bousleiman SZ FIR - Loffredo, Megan M IR - Loffredo MM FIR - Vanneman, Ashley IR - Vanneman A FIR - Beche, Imene IR - Beche I FIR - Chan-Akeley, Rosalyn IR - Chan-Akeley R FIR - Pacheco, Luis D IR - Pacheco LD FIR - DeVolder, Jennfier D IR - DeVolder JD FIR - Salazar, Ashley IR - Salazar A FIR - Thibodeaux, Lisa IR - Thibodeaux L FIR - Cornwell, Jennifer IR - Cornwell J FIR - Nounes, Amelia A IR - Nounes AA FIR - Sweet, Eugenia IR - Sweet E FIR - Pierse, Abigail IR - Pierse A FIR - Desantis, Brittany IR - Desantis B FIR - Gill-Jones, Parmjit IR - Gill-Jones P FIR - Hackney, David N IR - Hackney DN FIR - Chauhan, Suneet P IR - Chauhan SP FIR - Ortiz, Felecia IR - Ortiz F FIR - Treadway, Jenifer IR - Treadway J FIR - Rugerio, Juanita IR - Rugerio J FIR - Clark, Kelly IR - Clark K FIR - Leatherland, Molly IR - Leatherland M FIR - Timlin, Sally IR - Timlin S FIR - Grinnan, Chelsea IR - Grinnan C FIR - Ferrara, Jennifer IR - Ferrara J FIR - Kominiarek, Michelle IR - Kominiarek M FIR - Jones, Dequana IR - Jones D FIR - Reynolds, Trista IR - Reynolds T FIR - Kearns, Katherine M IR - Kearns KM FIR - Saffian, Eleanor IR - Saffian E FIR - Karasti, Mariana IR - Karasti M FIR - Pizzi, Chrsitinia IR - Pizzi C FIR - Filipczak, Anna IR - Filipczak A FIR - Long, Emily IR - Long E FIR - Mitchell, Megan IR - Mitchell M FIR - Barrett, Katia J IR - Barrett KJ FIR - Mullowney, Celia IR - Mullowney C FIR - Macones, George A IR - Macones GA EDAT- 2023/06/06 13:09 MHDA- 2023/06/16 06:42 PMCR- 2023/11/25 CRDT- 2023/06/06 11:32 PHST- 2023/06/16 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/06 13:09 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/06 11:32 [entrez] PHST- 2023/11/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2805540 [pii] AID - joi230062 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jama.2023.8823 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA. 2023 Jun 13;329(22):1934-1946. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.8823. PMID- 37187756 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230517 LR - 20260927 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2023 TI - Long COVID brain fog and muscle pain are associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract during acute infection. PG - 1147549 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147549 [doi] LID - 1147549 AB - INTRODUCTION: The incidence of long COVID is substantial, even in people with mild to moderate acute COVID-19. The role of early viral kinetics in the subsequent development of long COVID is largely unknown, especially in individuals who were not hospitalized for acute COVID-19. METHODS: Seventy-three non-hospitalized adult participants were enrolled within approximately 48 hours of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, and mid-turbinate nasal and saliva samples were collected up to 9 times within the first 45 days after enrollment. Samples were assayed for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR and additional SARS-CoV-2 test results were abstracted from the clinical record. Each participant indicated the presence and severity of 49 long COVID symptoms at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-months post-COVID-19 diagnosis. Time from acute COVID-19 illness onset to SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance greater or less than 28 days was tested for association with the presence or absence of each of 49 long COVID symptoms at 90+ days from acute COVID-19 symptom onset. RESULTS: Self-reported brain fog and muscle pain at 90+ days after acute COVID-19 onset were negatively associated with viral RNA clearance within 28 days of acute COVID-19 onset with adjustment for age, sex, BMI >/= 25, and COVID vaccination status prior to COVID-19 (brain fog: aRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.95; muscle pain: aRR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.94). Participants reporting higher severity brain fog or muscle pain at 90+ days after acute COVID-19 onset were less likely to have cleared SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 28 days. The acute viral RNA decay trajectories of participants who did and did not later go on to experience brain fog 90+ days after acute COVID-19 onset were distinct. DISCUSSION: This work indicates that at least two long COVID symptoms - brain fog and muscle pain - at 90+ days from acute COVID-19 onset are specifically associated with prolonged time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract during acute COVID-19. This finding provides evidence that delayed immune clearance of SARS-CoV-2 antigen or greater amount or duration of viral antigen burden in the upper respiratory tract during acute COVID-19 are directly linked to long COVID. This work suggests that host-pathogen interactions during the first few weeks after acute COVID-19 onset have an impact on long COVID risk months later. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Antar, Yu, Demko, Hu, Tornheim, Blair, Thomas and Manabe. FAU - Antar, Annukka A R AU - Antar AAR AD - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. FAU - Yu, Tong AU - Yu T AD - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. FAU - Demko, Zoe O AU - Demko ZO AD - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. FAU - Hu, Chen AU - Hu C AD - Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. FAU - Tornheim, Jeffrey A AU - Tornheim JA AD - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. FAU - Blair, Paul W AU - Blair PW AD - Austere environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes (ACESO), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States. FAU - Thomas, David L AU - Thomas DL AD - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. FAU - Manabe, Yukari C AU - Manabe YC AD - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. LA - eng GR - K08 AI143391/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - K23 AI135102/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230428 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 RN - 0 (RNA, Viral) SB - IM UOF - medRxiv. 2023 Jan 19:2023.01.18.23284742. doi: 10.1101/2023.01.18.23284742. PMID: 36711478 MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19 MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - RNA, Viral/genetics MH - COVID-19 Testing MH - Myalgia MH - Respiratory System MH - Brain PMC - PMC10176965 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - brain fog OT - cognitive dysfunction OT - long COVID OT - pain OT - post-acute COVID-19 syndrome OT - post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection OT - reservoir COIS- Author PB was employed by Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. YM has received research grant support through Johns Hopkins University from Hologic, Cepheid, Roche, ChemBio, Becton Dickinson, and miDiagnostics and has provided consultative support to Abbott. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/05/16 01:09 MHDA- 2023/05/17 06:42 PMCR- 2023/04/28 CRDT- 2023/05/15 19:30 PHST- 2023/01/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/04/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/05/17 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/05/16 01:09 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/05/15 19:30 [entrez] PHST- 2023/04/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147549 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 28;14:1147549. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147549. eCollection 2023. PMID- 37141019 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230508 LR - 20230508 IS - 1930-7810 (Electronic) IS - 0278-6133 (Linking) VI - 42 IP - 5 DP - 2023 May TI - Effects of diagnosis threat on cognitive complaints after COVID-19. PG - 335-342 LID - 10.1037/hea0001286 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: The term "long-COVID" refers to the persistence of neurological symptoms after being ill with COVID-19 (e.g., headaches, fatigue, and attentional impairment). Providing information about long-COVID (i.e., "diagnosis threat") increased subjective cognitive complaints among recovered COVID-19 patients compared with those exposed to neutral information (Winter & Braw, 2022). Notably, this effect was particularly prominent among more suggestible participants. Our aim in the current study was to validate these initial findings and to explore the impact of additional variables (e.g., suggestibility). METHOD: Recovered patients (n = 270) and controls (n = 290) reported daily cognitive failures after being randomly assigned to either a diagnosis threat (exposure to an article providing information regarding long-COVID) or a control condition. RESULTS: Recovered patients, but not controls, reported more cognitive failures in the diagnosis threat condition compared with the control condition. Diagnosis threat added significantly to the prediction of cognitive complaints based on relevant demographic variables and suggestibility. Diagnosis threat and suggestibility interacted (i.e., suggestible individuals were particularly vulnerable to the impact of a diagnosis threat). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis threat may contribute to the persistence of complaints regarding cognitive impairment among recovered COVID-19 patients. Suggestibility may be an underlying mechanism that increases the impact of diagnosis threat. Other factors, such as vaccination status, may be at play though we are only at the initial stages of research concerning their impact. These may be the focus of future research, aiding in identifying risk factors for experiencing COVID-19 symptoms past the resolution of its acute phase. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved). FAU - Winter, Daniella AU - Winter D AD - Department of Psychology, Ariel University. FAU - Braw, Yoram AU - Braw Y AD - Department of Psychology, Ariel University. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Health Psychol JT - Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association JID - 8211523 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19 MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/etiology MH - Forecasting MH - Cognition MH - Fatigue/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology MH - COVID-19 Testing EDAT- 2023/05/04 18:42 MHDA- 2023/05/08 06:42 CRDT- 2023/05/04 12:23 PHST- 2023/05/08 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/05/04 18:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/05/04 12:23 [entrez] AID - 2023-68974-004 [pii] AID - 10.1037/hea0001286 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Health Psychol. 2023 May;42(5):335-342. doi: 10.1037/hea0001286. PMID- 37101263 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230428 LR - 20240917 IS - 1741-7015 (Electronic) IS - 1741-7015 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Apr 26 TI - Third dose mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 reduces medical complaints seen in primary care: a matched cohort study. PG - 157 LID - 10.1186/s12916-023-02870-2 [doi] LID - 157 AB - BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination has been associated with both side effects and a reduction in COVID-related complaints due to the decrease in COVID-19 incidence. We aimed to investigate if individuals who received three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines had a lower incidence of (a) medical complaints and (b) COVID-19-related medical complaints, both as seen in primary care, when compared to individuals who received two doses. METHODS: We conducted a daily longitudinal exact one-to-one matching study based on a set of covariates. We obtained a matched sample of 315,650 individuals aged 18-70 years who received the 3rd dose at 20-30 weeks after the 2nd dose and an equally large control group who did not. Outcome variables were diagnostic codes as reported by general practitioners or emergency wards, both alone and in combination with diagnostic codes of confirmed COVID-19. For each outcome, we estimated cumulative incidence functions with hospitalization and death as competing events. RESULTS: We found that the number of medical complaints was lower in individuals aged 18-44 years who received three doses compared to those who received two doses. The differences in estimates per 100,000 vaccinated were as follows: fatigue 458 less (95% confidence interval: 355-539), musculoskeletal pain 171 less (48-292), cough 118 less (65-173), heart palpitations 57 less (22-98), shortness of breath 118 less (81-149), and brain fog 31 less (8-55). We also found a lower number of COVID-19-related medical complaints: per 100,000 individuals aged 18-44 years vaccinated with three doses, there were 102 (76-125) fewer individuals with fatigue, 32 (18-45) fewer with musculoskeletal pain, 30 (14-45) fewer with cough, and 36 (22-48) fewer with shortness of breath. There were no or fewer differences in heart palpitations (8 (1-16)) or brain fog (0 (- 1-8)). We observed similar results, though more uncertain, for individuals aged 45-70 years, both for medical complaints and for medical complaints that were COVID-19 related. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a 3rd dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine administered 20-30 weeks after the 2nd dose may reduce the incidence of medical complaints. It may also reduce the COVID-19-related burden on primary healthcare services. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s). FAU - Methi, Fredrik AU - Methi F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7091-0806 AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 222, Skoyen, Oslo, N-0213, Norway. fredrik.methi@fhi.no. FAU - Gran, Jon Michael AU - Gran JM AD - Oslo Centre for Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistic, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. AD - Oslo Centre for Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Valberg, Morten AU - Valberg M AD - Oslo Centre for Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. AD - Department of Community Medicine & Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Kinge, Jonas Minet AU - Kinge JM AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 222, Skoyen, Oslo, N-0213, Norway. AD - Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Telle, Kjetil AU - Telle K AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 222, Skoyen, Oslo, N-0213, Norway. FAU - Magnusson, Karin AU - Magnusson K AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 222, Skoyen, Oslo, N-0213, Norway. AD - Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230426 PL - England TA - BMC Med JT - BMC medicine JID - 101190723 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - SARS-CoV-2/genetics MH - Cohort Studies MH - *COVID-19/prevention & control MH - COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects MH - Cough MH - *Musculoskeletal Pain MH - Dyspnea MH - Fatigue MH - RNA, Messenger MH - Primary Health Care MH - Vaccination PMC - PMC10132437 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Cough OT - Fatigue OT - Primary care OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - Vaccination COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2023/04/27 00:42 MHDA- 2023/04/28 06:41 PMCR- 2023/04/26 CRDT- 2023/04/26 23:43 PHST- 2022/09/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/04/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/04/28 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/04/27 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/04/26 23:43 [entrez] PHST- 2023/04/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12916-023-02870-2 [pii] AID - 2870 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12916-023-02870-2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Med. 2023 Apr 26;21(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02870-2. PMID- 37032935 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230411 IS - 1664-0640 (Print) IS - 1664-0640 (Electronic) IS - 1664-0640 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2023 TI - Depression and brain fog as long-COVID mental health consequences: Difficult, complex and partially successful treatment of a 72-year-old patient-A case report. PG - 1153512 LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1153512 [doi] LID - 1153512 AB - SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection can result in long-term health consequences i.e., long COVID. The clinical manifestations of long COVID include depression, anxiety, brain fog with cognitive dysfunction, memory issues, and fatigue. These delayed effects of COVID-19 occur in up to 30% of people who have had an acute case of COVID-19. In this case report, a 72-year-old, fully vaccinated patient without pre-existing somatic or mental illnesses, or other relevant risk factors was diagnosed with long COVID. Nine months following an acute COVID-19 infection, the patient's depressive symptoms improved, but memory and concentration difficulties persisted, and the patient remains unable to resume work. These long-term symptoms are possibly linked to micro-hemorrhages detected during examinations of the patient's brain following COVID-19 infection. Patient treatment was complex, and positive results were attained via antidepressants and non-drug therapies e.g., art, music, drama, dance and movement therapy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and psychotherapy. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Taube. FAU - Taube, Maris AU - Taube M AD - Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia. AD - Department for Depression and Crisis, Riga Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230324 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Psychiatry JT - Frontiers in psychiatry JID - 101545006 PMC - PMC10079873 OTO - NOTNLM OT - brain fog OT - case report OT - depression OT - long-COVID OT - treatment COIS- The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/04/11 06:00 MHDA- 2023/04/11 06:01 PMCR- 2023/03/24 CRDT- 2023/04/10 03:47 PHST- 2023/01/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/03/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/04/11 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/04/10 03:47 [entrez] PHST- 2023/04/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/03/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1153512 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 24;14:1153512. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1153512. eCollection 2023. PMID- 36831611 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230228 IS - 2072-6694 (Print) IS - 2072-6694 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6694 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 4 DP - 2023 Feb 16 TI - Long-COVID in Patients with Cancer Previously Treated with Early Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapies in an Out-of-Hospital Setting: A Single-Center Experience. LID - 10.3390/cancers15041269 [doi] LID - 1269 AB - The incidence of long COVID in a cohort of patients with cancer with or without previous treatment with early therapies anti-SARS-CoV-2 in an out-of-hospital setting have to be elucidated. We prospectively enrolled all patients treated for a solid tumor at the department of Medical Oncology of the Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo with a positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen or polymerase chain reaction test from January to September 2022 (Omicron surge). Ninety-seven patients answered the survey questions by telephone at least 12 weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis in order to evaluate the incidence of long COVID symptoms. Only twelve patients (12.4%) reported long COVID. No significant difference between early therapies anti-SARS-CoV-2 31 and long COVID (p = 0.443) was seen. The female sex (p = 0.024) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.014) are significantly associated with long COVID. No statistically significant difference between the two groups (Long COVID vs. No Long COVID) according to the time to nasal swab viral clearance (p = 0.078). The overlap between the symptoms related to the oncological disease/oncological treatment and the symptoms of long COVID is one of the main future challenges that oncologists will have to manage. FAU - Lasagna, Angioletta AU - Lasagna A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9611-1164 AD - Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy. FAU - Albi, Giuseppe AU - Albi G AD - Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. FAU - Figini, Simone AU - Figini S AD - Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy. FAU - Basile, Sara AU - Basile S AD - Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy. FAU - Sacchi, Paolo AU - Sacchi P AD - Division of Infectious Diseases I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy. FAU - Bruno, Raffaele AU - Bruno R AD - Division of Infectious Diseases I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy. AD - Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. FAU - Pedrazzoli, Paolo AU - Pedrazzoli P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9419-7160 AD - Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy. AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. LA - eng GR - grant no 08067620/Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230216 PL - Switzerland TA - Cancers (Basel) JT - Cancers JID - 101526829 PMC - PMC9953958 OTO - NOTNLM OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - brain fog OT - cancer OT - long-COVID OT - nirmatrelvir/ritonavir OT - outcome OT - real-life data OT - remdesivir OT - vaccine COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/02/26 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/26 06:01 PMCR- 2023/02/16 CRDT- 2023/02/25 01:41 PHST- 2023/01/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/02/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/02/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/02/25 01:41 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cancers15041269 [pii] AID - cancers-15-01269 [pii] AID - 10.3390/cancers15041269 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cancers (Basel). 2023 Feb 16;15(4):1269. doi: 10.3390/cancers15041269. PMID- 36802108 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240110 LR - 20240110 IS - 1365-2702 (Electronic) IS - 0962-1067 (Linking) VI - 33 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Jan TI - Long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in survivors hospitalised at a tertiary care hospital and their correlation with acute COVID-19 severity and associated risk factors. PG - 115-125 LID - 10.1111/jocn.16652 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine post-COVID syndromes in the Indian population, correlating a wide spectrum of post-COVID manifestations with acute disease severity and associated risk factors. BACKGROUND: Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) is defined as signs and symptoms that develop during or after acute COVID-19 infection. DESIGN OF STUDY: This is a prospective observational cohort with repetitive measurements. METHODS: The study followed RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19-positive survivors discharged from HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, for a period of 12 weeks. The patients were interviewed over the phone at 4 weeks and 12 weeks from the onset of symptoms for evaluation of clinical symptoms and health-related quality of life parameters. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients completed the study. At the baseline, 50% of the patients were categorised as severe based on their acute infection assessment. At 12 weeks after symptom onset, fatigue (23.5%), hair loss (12.5%) and dyspnea (9%) were the main persistent symptoms. The incidence of hair loss (12.5%), memory loss (4.5%) and brain fog (5%) were found to be increased as compared to the acute infection period. Severity of the acute COVID infection behaved as an independent predictor for the development of PCS, with high odds of experiencing persistent cough (OR = 13.1), memory loss (OR = 5.2) and fatigue (OR = 3.3). Further, 30% of subjects in the severe group experienced statistically significant fatigue at 12 weeks (p < .05). CONCLUSION: From the results of our study, it can be concluded that there is a huge disease burden of post-COVID Syndrome (PCS). The PCS comprised multisystem symptoms ranging from serious complaints of dyspnea, memory loss and brain fog to non-serious complaints of fatigue and hair loss. Severity of the acute COVID infection behaved as an independent predictor for the development of PCS. Our findings strongly recommend vaccination against COVID-19, for protection from disease severity as well as prevention of PCS. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings of our study support the multidisciplinary approach required for the management of PCS with a team comprising of physicians, nurses, physiotherapists and psychiatrists working in close coordination for the rehabilitation of these patients. As nurses are considered the most trusted professionals in the community and the class of health workers associated with rehabilitation, focus should be given to educating them on PCS, which would prove to be an important strategy for efficient monitoring and long-term management of COVID-19 survivors. CI - (c) 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Jain, Vineet AU - Jain V AD - Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Nabi, Nusrat AU - Nabi N AD - Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Aggarwal, Sanjana AU - Aggarwal S AD - Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Alam, Zaara AU - Alam Z AD - Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Chandra, Kailash AU - Chandra K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4938-9622 AD - Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Singh, Dharmander AU - Singh D AD - Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Kashyap, Varun AU - Kashyap V AD - Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Islam, Farzana AU - Islam F AD - Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. FAU - Kohli, Sunil AU - Kohli S AD - Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAHC Hospital, New Delhi, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study DEP - 20230217 PL - England TA - J Clin Nurs JT - Journal of clinical nursing JID - 9207302 MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Quality of Life MH - Tertiary Care Centers MH - Alopecia MH - Dyspnea MH - Fatigue/epidemiology MH - Mental Fatigue MH - Memory Disorders OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 disease severity OT - COVID-19 sequelae OT - COVID-19 survivors OT - long COVID-19 OT - ongoing COVID-19 OT - persistent COVID-19 OT - post-COVID-19 syndrome EDAT- 2023/02/22 06:00 MHDA- 2024/01/10 06:41 CRDT- 2023/02/21 16:58 PHST- 2022/12/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/06/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/02/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/10 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/21 16:58 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jocn.16652 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Nurs. 2024 Jan;33(1):115-125. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16652. Epub 2023 Feb 17. PMID- 36792456 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230504 LR - 20230504 IS - 1943-4693 (Electronic) IS - 0027-9684 (Print) IS - 0027-9684 (Linking) VI - 115 IP - 2 DP - 2023 Apr TI - Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in the incidence and cognitive symptomology of long COVID-19. PG - 233-243 LID - S0027-9684(23)00025-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.016 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated health inequities in both acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its longer-term sequelae. Given the heterogeneity in definitions of long COVID and the lack of centralized registries of patients with the disease, little is known about the differential prevalence among racial, ethnic, and sex subgroups. This study examines long COVID among Black, White, Asian, and Hispanic Americans and evaluates differences in the associated cognitive symptomology. METHOD: Data from four releases of the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey detailing COVID-19 incidence and the duration and type of symptoms among a nationally representative sample of adults from June 1, 2022, through October 17, 2022, were combined. Binary logistic regression assessed the relative likelihood of long COVID among those who had been diagnosed COVID between racial, ethnic, and sex subgroups. Among those reporting long COVID, differences in the prevalence of difficulty understanding and difficulty remembering were assessed. Empirical models accounted for household, regional, vaccination, and insurance differences between respondents. Two-stage selection models were applied to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS: Among respondents who tested positive for COVID-19, Blacks (OR=1.097, CI=1.034-1.163), females (OR=1.849, CI=1.794-1.907), and Hispanics (OR=1.349, CI=1.286-1.414) were more likely to experience long COVID (symptoms lasting for 3 months or longer) compared to Whites, males, and non-Hispanics respectively. However, those with private health insurance (OR=0.634, CI=0.611-0.658) and who received the COVID vaccine (OR=0.901, CI=0.864-0.94) were less likely to have endured COVID symptoms than their counterparts. Symptoms of long COVID varied significantly between population subgroups. Compared to Whites, Blacks were more likely to have trouble remembering (OR=1.878, CI=1.765-1.808) while Hispanics were more likely to report difficult understanding (OR=1.827, CI=1.413, 2.362). Females, compared to males, were less likely to experience trouble understanding (OR=0.664, CI=0.537, 0.821), but more likely to report trouble remembering (OR=1.34, CI=1.237, 1.451). CONCLUSIONS: Long COVID is more prevalent among Blacks, Hispanics, and females, but each group appears to experience long COVID differently. Therefore, additional research is needed to determine the best method to treat and manage this poorly understood condition. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Jacobs, Molly M AU - Jacobs MM AD - Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States. Electronic address: mollyjacobs@ufl.edu. FAU - Evans, Elizabeth AU - Evans E AD - Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States. FAU - Ellis, Charles AU - Ellis C AD - Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230213 PL - United States TA - J Natl Med Assoc JT - Journal of the National Medical Association JID - 7503090 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Black or African American/psychology/statistics & numerical data MH - Cognition MH - COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/ethnology/prevention & control MH - COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use MH - Incidence MH - *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/ethnology/psychology MH - United States/epidemiology MH - White/psychology/statistics & numerical data MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/epidemiology/ethnology/psychology MH - Race Factors MH - Sex Factors MH - Asian/psychology/statistics & numerical data MH - Hispanic or Latino/psychology/statistics & numerical data PMC - PMC9923441 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Black OT - COVID OT - Disparities OT - Hispanic OT - Symptoms COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. EDAT- 2023/02/16 06:00 MHDA- 2023/04/21 06:41 PMCR- 2023/02/13 CRDT- 2023/02/15 22:01 PHST- 2022/12/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/01/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/01/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/04/21 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/15 22:01 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0027-9684(23)00025-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Natl Med Assoc. 2023 Apr;115(2):233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.016. Epub 2023 Feb 13. PMID- 36729559 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230602 LR - 20230621 IS - 1460-2156 (Electronic) IS - 0006-8950 (Print) IS - 0006-8950 (Linking) VI - 146 IP - 6 DP - 2023 Jun 1 TI - Neuropsychiatric disorders following SARS-CoV-2 infection. PG - 2241-2247 LID - 10.1093/brain/awad008 [doi] AB - Several large-scale electronic health records studies have reported increased diagnostic rates for neuropsychiatric disorders following Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 infection)], but many questions remain. To highlight the issues, we selectively review this literature, focusing on mood disorder, anxiety disorder, psychotic disorder, and cognitive impairment ('brain fog'). Eight key questions are addressed, comprising: (i) the nature and magnitude of the risks; (ii) their association with severity of infection; (iii) their duration; (iv) whether the risks differ between adults and children, or between men and women; (v) whether prior vaccination protects against them; (vi) the risk profile associated with different SARS-CoV-2 strains; (vii) what the underlying mechanisms might be; and (viii) whether the sequelae can be predicted. We consider the major unknowns, the limitations of electronic health records for research in this area, and the use of additional approaches to help characterize and understand the neuropsychiatric burden of COVID-19. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. FAU - Harrison, Paul J AU - Harrison PJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6719-1126 AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. AD - Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. FAU - Taquet, Maxime AU - Taquet M AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. AD - Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Brain JT - Brain : a journal of neurology JID - 0372537 SB - IM MH - Male MH - Adult MH - Child MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *COVID-19 MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - *Psychotic Disorders PMC - PMC10232232 OTO - NOTNLM OT - coronavirus OT - epidemiology OT - health records OT - memory OT - mental health COIS- The authors report no competing interests. EDAT- 2023/02/03 06:00 MHDA- 2023/06/02 06:42 PMCR- 2023/02/02 CRDT- 2023/02/02 11:47 PHST- 2022/11/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/12/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/12/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/06/02 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/02 11:47 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/02 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 7024720 [pii] AID - awad008 [pii] AID - 10.1093/brain/awad008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Brain. 2023 Jun 1;146(6):2241-2247. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad008. PMID- 36719546 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230612 LR - 20240408 IS - 2509-8020 (Electronic) IS - 2509-8020 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Jan 31 TI - Qualitative interviews to evaluate content validity of the ACTIV-2 COVID-19 Symptom Diary (ACSD). PG - 8 LID - 10.1186/s41687-022-00535-x [doi] LID - 8 AB - BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcome measures are needed to assess the impact of treatments for COVID-19 on symptoms. The ACTIV-2 COVID-19 Symptom Diary (ACSD) is being used in the ongoing Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines-2 (ACTIV-2) platform clinical trial. The purpose of the current study was to conduct qualitative interviews to assess content validity of the ACSD. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with adults who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The ACSD begins with global items, followed by a symptom checklist. Each interview began with concept elicitation focusing on participant experiences with COVID-19. Then, participants completed the ACSD, and cognitive interviews were conducted to evaluate the questionnaire. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded following a qualitative content analysis. For the qualitative analysis, a coding dictionary was developed with a list of all potential codes and instructions for how the codes should be applied and combined. RESULTS: Interviews were conducted with 30 participants (mean age = 39 years; 57% female; 17% Latinx; 17% Black/African American; 40% meeting at least one criterion for classification as high risk of progression to severe COVID-19). Commonly reported symptoms included fatigue (reported by 100% of the sample), body pain/muscle pain/aches (87%), headaches (87%), cough (83%), loss of smell (73%), shortness of breath/difficulty breathing (70%), and chills (70%). The 13 symptoms most commonly reported in this study are included in the ACSD. After completing the ACSD, participants consistently reported that it was clear and easy to complete, and all items were generally interpreted as intended. Based on participants' input, the ACSD was edited slightly after the first 13 interviews, and the revised version was used for the final 17 interviews. Two additional items assessing "brain fog" and dizziness were recommended for addition to the ACSD in future research. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study supports the content validity of the ACSD for assessment of COVID-19 symptoms. Quantitative research with larger samples will be needed to examine the questionnaire's measurement properties. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s). FAU - Matza, Louis S AU - Matza LS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6374-5948 AD - Evidera, Bethesda, MD, USA. louis.matza@evidera.com. FAU - Stewart, Katie D AU - Stewart KD AD - Evidera, Bethesda, MD, USA. FAU - Naegeli, April N AU - Naegeli AN AD - Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. FAU - Mills, Kayla M AU - Mills KM AD - Formerly of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. FAU - Coyne, Karin S AU - Coyne KS AD - Evidera, Bethesda, MD, USA. FAU - Chew, Kara W AU - Chew KW AD - David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. FAU - Hughes, Michael D AU - Hughes MD AD - Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Smith, Davey M AU - Smith DM AD - University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. LA - eng GR - UM1 AI069423/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - UM1 AI069424/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - UM1 AI068634/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - UM1 AI106701/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 AI069424/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - UM1 AI068636/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230131 PL - Germany TA - J Patient Rep Outcomes JT - Journal of patient-reported outcomes JID - 101722688 MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Male MH - *COVID-19/diagnosis MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Qualitative Research MH - Headache MH - Dyspnea MH - Pain PMC - PMC9888338 OAB - This study focused on the ACTIV-2 COVID-19 Symptom Diary (ACSD), a questionnaire that assesses symptom severity of COVID-19. The ACSD begins with global items assessing overall symptom severity, followed by a symptom checklist focusing on individual symptoms. Interviews were conducted with 30 adults who had tested positive for COVID-19. The patients reported their experiences with COVID-19, completed the ACSD, and provided their opinions about the ACSD. Based on input from these patients, the ACSD appears to be clear and easy to complete, and it includes the most common and important symptoms of COVID-19. The ACSD was edited for clarity, and "brain fog" and dizziness were recommended additions for future research. This study suggests that the ACSD is a useful questionnaire for assessment of COVID-19 symptoms in clinical studies. Studies like this are important for ensuring that symptoms are measured appropriately and accurately in clinical trials. Future research with larger samples will be needed to further examine the questionnaire. OABL- eng COIS- This qualitative study was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. Authors LSM, KDS, and KSC are employed by Evidera, a company that received funding from Lilly for time spent on this research. Authors ANN and KMM are or were employed by Lilly while this work was conducted. Authors KWC, MDH, and DMS did not receive funding for time spent on this qualitative research. EDAT- 2023/02/01 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/01 06:01 PMCR- 2023/01/31 CRDT- 2023/01/31 11:19 PHST- 2022/08/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/12/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/01/31 11:19 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/01 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/01/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s41687-022-00535-x [pii] AID - 535 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s41687-022-00535-x [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2023 Jan 31;7(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s41687-022-00535-x. PMID- 36711478 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230719 DP - 2023 Jan 19 TI - Long COVID brain fog and muscle pain are associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract during acute infection. LID - 2023.01.18.23284742 [pii] LID - 10.1101/2023.01.18.23284742 [doi] AB - The incidence of long COVID is substantial, even in people who did not require hospitalization for acute COVID-19. The pathobiological mechanisms of long COVID and the role of early viral kinetics in its development are largely unknown. Seventy-three non-hospitalized adult participants were enrolled within approximately 48 hours of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, and mid-turbinate nasal and saliva samples were collected up to 9 times within the first 45 days after enrollment. Samples were assayed for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR and additional test results were abstracted from the clinical record. Each participant indicated the presence and severity of 49 long- COVID symptoms at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-months post-COVID-19 diagnosis. Time from acute COVID-19 illness onset to SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance greater or less than 28 days was tested for association with the presence or absence of each of 49 long COVID symptoms at 90+ days from acute COVID-19 symptom onset. Brain fog and muscle pain at 90+ days after acute COVID-19 onset were negatively associated with viral RNA clearance within 28 days of acute COVID-19 onset with adjustment for age, sex, BMI >/= 25, and COVID vaccination status prior to COVID-19 (brain fog: aRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.95; muscle pain: aRR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.94). This work indicates that at least two long COVID symptoms - brain fog and muscle pain - at 90+ days from acute COVID-19 onset are specifically associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract. FAU - Antar, Annukka A R AU - Antar AAR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6775-1103 FAU - Yu, Tong AU - Yu T FAU - Demko, Zoe O AU - Demko ZO AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2122-820X FAU - Hu, Chen AU - Hu C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0282-4532 FAU - Tornheim, Jeffrey A AU - Tornheim JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1566-4622 FAU - Blair, Paul W AU - Blair PW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3817-5987 FAU - Thomas, David L AU - Thomas DL FAU - Manabe, Yukari C AU - Manabe YC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8619-5598 CN - OutSMART Study Group LA - eng GR - K23 AI135102/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Preprint DEP - 20230119 PL - United States TA - medRxiv JT - medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences JID - 101767986 UIN - Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 28;14:1147549. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147549. PMID: 37187756 PMC - PMC9882625 EDAT- 2023/01/31 06:00 MHDA- 2023/01/31 06:01 PMCR- 2023/01/27 CRDT- 2023/01/30 03:54 PHST- 2023/01/30 03:54 [entrez] PHST- 2023/01/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/01/31 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/01/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2023.01.18.23284742 [pii] AID - 10.1101/2023.01.18.23284742 [doi] PST - epublish SO - medRxiv [Preprint]. 2023 Jan 19:2023.01.18.23284742. doi: 10.1101/2023.01.18.23284742. PMID- 36626183 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230421 LR - 20231025 IS - 1897-9483 (Electronic) IS - 0032-3772 (Linking) VI - 133 IP - 4 DP - 2023 Apr 19 TI - COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae: what do we know in 2023? LID - 16402 [pii] LID - 10.20452/pamw.16402 [doi] AB - Post‑viral syndrome is a well‑known medical condition characterized by different levels of physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment that may persist with fluctuating severity after recovering from an acute viral infection. Unsurprisingly, COVID‑19 may also be accompanied by medium- and long‑term clinical sequelae after recovering from a SARS‑CoV‑2 infection. Although many clinical definitions have been provided, "long‑COVID" can be defined as a condition occurring in patients with a history of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, developing 3 months from the symptoms onset, persisting for at least 2 months, and not explained by alternative diagnoses. According to recent global analyses, the cumulative prevalence of long‑COVID seems to range between 9% and 63%, and is up to 6‑fold higher than that of similar postviral infection conditions. Long‑COVID primarily encompasses the presence of at least 1 symptom, such as fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive impairment / brain fog, postexertional malaise, memory issues, musculoskeletal pain / spasms, cough, sleep disturbances, tachycardia / palpitations, altered smell / taste perception, headache, chest pain, and depression. The most important demographic and clinical predictors to date are female sex, older age, cigarette smoking, pre‑existing medical conditions, lack of COVID‑19 vaccination, infection with pre‑Omicron SARS‑CoV‑2 variants, number of acute phase symptoms, viral load, severe / critical COVID‑19 illness, as well as invasive mechanical ventilation. Concerning the care for long‑COVID patients, the greatest challenge is the fact that this syndrome cannot be considered a single clinical entity, and thus it needs an integrated multidisciplinary management, specifically tailored to the type and severity of symptoms. FAU - Lippi, Giuseppe AU - Lippi G AD - Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. giuseppe.lippi@univr.it FAU - Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian AU - Sanchis-Gomar F AD - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States FAU - Henry, Brandon M AU - Henry BM AD - Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230109 PL - Poland TA - Pol Arch Intern Med JT - Polish archives of internal medicine JID - 101700960 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) RN - SARS-CoV-2 variants SB - IM CIN - Pol Arch Intern Med. 2023 May 23;133(5):16506. doi: 10.20452/pamw.16506. PMID: 37219466 MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Male MH - *COVID-19 MH - COVID-19 Vaccines MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome MH - Disease Progression EDAT- 2023/01/11 06:00 MHDA- 2023/04/21 06:41 CRDT- 2023/01/10 11:36 PHST- 2023/04/21 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/01/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/01/10 11:36 [entrez] AID - 16402 [pii] AID - 10.20452/pamw.16402 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pol Arch Intern Med. 2023 Apr 19;133(4):16402. doi: 10.20452/pamw.16402. Epub 2023 Jan 9. PMID- 36558835 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20221226 IS - 2076-0817 (Print) IS - 2076-0817 (Electronic) IS - 2076-0817 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 12 DP - 2022 Dec 8 TI - Approximations to Diagnosis and Therapy of COVID-19 in Nervous Systems Using Extracellular Vesicles. LID - 10.3390/pathogens11121501 [doi] LID - 1501 AB - The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified at the end of December 2019, causing the disease known as COVID-19, which, due to the high degree of contagion, was declared a global pandemic as of 2020. The end of the isolation was in 2022, thanks to the global multidisciplinary work of the massive vaccination campaigns. Even with the current knowledge about this virus and the COVID-19 disease, there are many questions and challenges regarding diagnosis and therapy in the fight against this virus. One of the big problems is the so-called "long COVID", prolonged symptomatology characterized as a multiorgan disorder manifested as brain fog, fatigue, and shortness of breath, which persist chronically after the disease resolution. Therefore, this review proposes using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapeutic or diagnostic option to confront the sequelae of the disease at the central nervous system level. Development: the review of updated knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is generally addressed as well as the current classification of extracellular vesicles and their proposed use in therapy and diagnosis. Through an analysis of examples, extracellular vesicles are highlighted to learn what happens in the central nervous system during and after COVID-19 and as a therapeutic option. Conclusions: even though there are limitations in the knowledge of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, it is possible to observe the potential use of extracellular vesicles in therapy or as a diagnostic method and even the importance of their study for the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease. FAU - Rojas, Karen AU - Rojas K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6615-6310 AD - Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Verdugo-Molinares, Maritza G AU - Verdugo-Molinares MG AD - Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Ochoa-Ruiz, Andrea G AU - Ochoa-Ruiz AG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9873-6144 AD - Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Canales, Alejandro AU - Canales A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0918-788X AD - Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Reza-Zaldivar, Edwin E AU - Reza-Zaldivar EE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5702-9515 AD - Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan C.P. 45201, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Limon-Rojas, Areli AU - Limon-Rojas A AD - Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Vallejo-Cardona, Alba Adriana AU - Vallejo-Cardona AA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4568-3787 AD - Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CONACYT-Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20221208 PL - Switzerland TA - Pathogens JT - Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101596317 PMC - PMC9782638 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - diagnostic OT - extracellular vesicles (EVs) OT - therapy COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/12/24 06:00 MHDA- 2022/12/24 06:01 PMCR- 2022/12/08 CRDT- 2022/12/23 01:55 PHST- 2022/10/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/11/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/11/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/12/23 01:55 [entrez] PHST- 2022/12/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/12/24 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - pathogens11121501 [pii] AID - pathogens-11-01501 [pii] AID - 10.3390/pathogens11121501 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Pathogens. 2022 Dec 8;11(12):1501. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11121501. PMID- 36523412 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20260328 DP - 2022 Dec 6 TI - Factors Associated with Long Covid Symptoms in an Online Cohort Study. LID - 2022.12.01.22282987 [pii] LID - 10.1101/2022.12.01.22282987 [doi] AB - IMPORTANCE: Prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, or Long COVID, is common, but few prospective studies of Long COVID risk factors have been conducted. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, or medical history preceding COVID-19 or characteristics of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with Long COVID. DESIGN: Cohort study with longitudinal assessment of symptoms before, during, and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cross-sectional assessment of Long COVID symptoms using data from the COVID-19 Citizen Science (CCS) study. SETTING: CCS is an online cohort study that began enrolling March 26, 2020. We included data collected between March 26, 2020, and May 18, 2022. PARTICIPANTS: Adult CCS participants who reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result (PCR, Antigen, or Antibody) more than 30 days prior to May 4, 2022, were surveyed. EXPOSURES: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment, socioeconomic status/financial insecurity, self-reported medical history, vaccination status, time of infection (variant wave), number of acute symptoms, pre-COVID depression, anxiety, alcohol and drug use, sleep, exercise. MAIN OUTCOME: Presence of at least 1 Long COVID symptom greater than 1 month after acute infection. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering only symptoms beyond 3 months and only severe symptoms. RESULTS: 13,305 participants reported a SARS-CoV-2 positive test more than 30 days prior, 1480 (11.1% of eligible) responded to a survey about Long COVID symptoms, and 476 (32.2% of respondents) reported Long COVID symptoms (median 360 days after infection).Respondents' mean age was 53 and 1017 (69%) were female. Common Long COVID symptoms included fatigue, reported by 230/476 (48.3%), shortness of breath (109, 22.9%), confusion/brain fog (108, 22.7%), headache (103, 21.6%), and altered taste or smell (98, 20.6%). In multivariable models, number of acute COVID-19 symptoms (OR 1.30 per symptom, 95%CI 1.20-1.40), lower socioeconomic status/financial insecurity (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.02-2.63), pre-infection depression (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.01-1.16), and earlier variants (OR 0.37 for Omicron compared to ancestral strain, 95%CI 0.15-0.90) were associated with Long COVID symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Variant wave, severity of acute infection, lower socioeconomic status and pre-existing depression are associated with Long COVID symptoms. KEY POINTS: Question: What are the patterns of symptoms and risk factors for Long COVID among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals?Findings: Persistent symptoms were highly prevalent, especially fatigue, shortness of breath, headache, brain fog/confusion, and altered taste/smell, which persisted beyond 1 year among 56% of participants with symptoms; a minority of participants reported severe Long COVID symptoms. Number of acute symptoms during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, financial insecurity, pre-existing depression, and infection with earlier variants are associated with prevalent Long COVID symptoms independent of vaccination, medical history, and other factors.Meaning: Severity of acute infection, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and financial insecurity and depression are associated with Long COVID symptoms. FAU - Durstenfeld, Matthew S AU - Durstenfeld MS AD - Division of Cardiology at ZSFG and Department of Medicine, UCSF. FAU - Peluso, Michael J AU - Peluso MJ AD - Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, & Global Medicine, UCSF. FAU - Peyser, Noah D AU - Peyser ND AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCSF. FAU - Lin, Feng AU - Lin F AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF. FAU - Knight, Sara J AU - Knight SJ AD - Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah. FAU - Djibo, Audrey AU - Djibo A AD - CVS Health Clinical Trial Services. FAU - Khatib, Rasha AU - Khatib R AD - Advocate Aurora Research Institute. FAU - Kitzman, Heather AU - Kitzman H AD - Baylor Scott and White Health and Wellness Center. FAU - O'Brien, Emily AU - O'Brien E AD - Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. FAU - Williams, Natasha AU - Williams N AD - Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, NYU Grossman School of Medicine. FAU - Isasi, Carmen AU - Isasi C AD - Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. FAU - Kornak, John AU - Kornak J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF. FAU - Carton, Thomas W AU - Carton TW AD - Louisiana Public Health Institute. FAU - Olgin, Jeffrey E AU - Olgin JE AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCSF. FAU - Pletcher, Mark J AU - Pletcher MJ AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF. FAU - Marcus, Gregory M AU - Marcus GM AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCSF. FAU - Beatty, Alexis L AU - Beatty AL AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCSF. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF. LA - eng GR - INV-017206/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States GR - K23 AI157875/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR002538/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - K12 HL143961/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U2C EB021881/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States GR - L30 AI147159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Preprint DEP - 20221206 PL - United States TA - medRxiv JT - medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences JID - 101767986 UIN - Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 01;10(2):ofad047. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad047. PMID: 36846611 PMC - PMC9753782 COIS- Author Disclosures: Dr. Peluso has received consulting fees from Gilead Sciences and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. Dr. Beatty was formerly employed by Apple Inc. (2018-2019), held stock in Apple Inc. (2019-2021), and receives consulting fees from AHRQ-funded projects unrelated to this work. Dr. Djibo is employed by CVS Health. Other authors have not disclosed any conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2022/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2022/12/17 06:01 PMCR- 2022/12/15 CRDT- 2022/12/16 02:17 PHST- 2022/12/16 02:17 [entrez] PHST- 2022/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/12/17 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/12/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2022.12.01.22282987 [pii] AID - 10.1101/2022.12.01.22282987 [doi] PST - epublish SO - medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Dec 6:2022.12.01.22282987. doi: 10.1101/2022.12.01.22282987. PMID- 36438042 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231102 IS - 2296-858X (Print) IS - 2296-858X (Electronic) IS - 2296-858X (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2022 TI - Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms. PG - 1016013 LID - 10.3389/fmed.2022.1016013 [doi] LID - 1016013 AB - BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great variability of symptoms that affect all organs and systems of the body has been identified in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; this symptomatology can sometimes persist over time, giving rise to the so-called long COVID or post-COVID. The aim of this study is to delve into the clinical characterization of these patients, as well as to take into account the influence of factors such as hospitalization, admission to ICU, history of pneumonia, or vaccination status on the persistence of symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive, multicenter, and retrospective study was designed with a series of cases of people who presented long COVID, which includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Data were obtained from an online ad hoc questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Software Version 25 (IBM-Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: Hospitalization, ICU admission, history of pneumonia, and vaccination were predictive factors (positive or negative) for the following long-COVID symptoms: headache, menstrual disorders, joint pain, cough, chills, nasal congestion, back pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, eye discomfort, facial erythema, itching, tremors, dizziness, seizures, sleeping difficulty, dry eyes, palpitations, fatigue, paresthesia, dyspnea, aphonia, chest pain, high blood pressure, vomiting, memory loss, brain fog, hypothermia, low blood pressure, sputum or phlegm, lack of concentration, hair loss, and erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence on the clinical characterization of patients suffering from long COVID in order to offer them the most appropriate treatments. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Romero-Rodriguez, Perula-de Torres, Castro-Jimenez, Gonzalez-Lama, Jimenez-Garcia, Gonzalez-Bernal, Gonzalez-Santos, Velez-Santamaria, Sanchez-Gonzalez and Santamaria-Pelaez. FAU - Romero-Rodriguez, Esperanza AU - Romero-Rodriguez E AD - Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. AD - Multiprofessional Teaching Unit of Family and Community Care, Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, Cordoba, Spain. AD - Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, Cordoba, Spain. FAU - Perula-de Torres, Luis Angel AU - Perula-de Torres LA AD - Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. AD - Multiprofessional Teaching Unit of Family and Community Care, Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, Cordoba, Spain. FAU - Castro-Jimenez, Rafael AU - Castro-Jimenez R AD - Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. AD - Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Lama, Jesus AU - Gonzalez-Lama J AD - Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. AD - Health Center "Matrona Antonia Mesa Fernandez", Cabra Clinical Management Unit, AGS Sur de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. FAU - Jimenez-Garcia, Celia AU - Jimenez-Garcia C AD - Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. AD - Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, Cordoba, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Bernal, Jeronimo J AU - Gonzalez-Bernal JJ AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Santos, Josefa AU - Gonzalez-Santos J AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain. FAU - Velez-Santamaria, Rodrigo AU - Velez-Santamaria R AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain. FAU - Sanchez-Gonzalez, Esteban AU - Sanchez-Gonzalez E AD - Department of Medicine, Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Santamaria-Pelaez, Mirian AU - Santamaria-Pelaez M AD - Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20221111 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Med (Lausanne) JT - Frontiers in medicine JID - 101648047 PMC - PMC9691755 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - admission OT - long COVID OT - persistent COVID OT - post-COVID OT - risk factor OT - symptoms COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/11/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/11/29 06:01 PMCR- 2022/11/11 CRDT- 2022/11/28 04:09 PHST- 2022/08/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/10/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/11/28 04:09 [entrez] PHST- 2022/11/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/11/29 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/11/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fmed.2022.1016013 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Nov 11;9:1016013. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1016013. eCollection 2022. PMID- 36362684 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20221117 IS - 2077-0383 (Print) IS - 2077-0383 (Electronic) IS - 2077-0383 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 21 DP - 2022 Oct 31 TI - Characteristics of Long COVID: Cases from the First to the Fifth Wave in Greater Tokyo, Japan. LID - 10.3390/jcm11216457 [doi] LID - 6457 AB - PURPOSE: Approximately 25-60% of COVID-19 patients develop long-term sequelae of the condition known as long COVID. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of long COVID in Japan. METHODS: The data of long COVID patients, defined as those who were symptomatic after 28 days from onset, were collected in an outpatient clinic in Tokyo, Japan between 6 January 2020 and 2 October 2021 (N = 1891). Information on age, sex, employment, infection waves, vaccination, impairment in activities of daily living, and symptoms were obtained from electronic medical records. We used linear regression to analyze the association of patients characteristics with performance status. RESULTS: The mean number of days from onset was 77.6 (SD: 71.3). Female, those who had their work hours reduced, on leave, dismissed or retired or not working, were associated with lower performance status. Fatigue, depressive symptom, brain fog, dyspnea, palpitation, body pain, loss of appetite, fever-but not headache, insomnia, loss of smell, loss of taste, hair loss, or cough-were associated with the lower performance status. CONCLUSION: Sex and employment status were associated with lower performance status in long COVID patients. Studies are needed to elucidate the full picture of the characteristics of long COVID patients. FAU - Hirahata, Kouichi AU - Hirahata K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4305-6368 AD - Hirahata Clinic, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan. FAU - Nawa, Nobutoshi AU - Nawa N AD - Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. FAU - Fujiwara, Takeo AU - Fujiwara T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1074-3954 AD - Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20221031 PL - Switzerland TA - J Clin Med JT - Journal of clinical medicine JID - 101606588 PMC - PMC9654540 OTO - NOTNLM OT - activities of daily living OT - long COVID OT - performance status COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/11/12 06:00 MHDA- 2022/11/12 06:01 PMCR- 2022/10/31 CRDT- 2022/11/11 01:31 PHST- 2022/10/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/10/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/10/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/11/11 01:31 [entrez] PHST- 2022/11/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/11/12 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/10/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jcm11216457 [pii] AID - jcm-11-06457 [pii] AID - 10.3390/jcm11216457 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Clin Med. 2022 Oct 31;11(21):6457. doi: 10.3390/jcm11216457. PMID- 36170723 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220930 LR - 20221207 IS - 0353-5053 (Print) IS - 0353-5053 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - Suppl 8 DP - 2022 Sep TI - Educational Initiative about the COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Neuropsychiatry for Early Career Professionals in EU: The Impact of the Novel Virus on Brain, Mind, and Society. PG - 164-169 AB - BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges to governments, healthcare systems (including, mental healthcare services), clinicians and researchers in the EU and worldwide. A range of neurological (e.g., brain fog, encephalitis, myalgia) and psychiatric (e.g., affective disorders, delirium, cognitive disturbances) complications of a novel nature have been observed in patients during the acute phase of illness, which often persist as a Long-COVID state for months after the primary recovery. The pandemic has progressed to a psychodemic and syndemic, affecting communities with social distress, panic, fears, increased home violence, and protest movements that derive from conspiracy theories and hostile attitudes towards vaccination and lockdown measures. In response to this complex scenario of major social changes, universities must face the need to equip the new generation of doctors with novel special skills. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study course (50 hours duration; 20 lectures, three webinars, three e-discussion forums, five local seminars, two social events, three intermediate assessments and a final test for certification; bilingual Russian/English hybrid format, information materials, video-content, interactive web-page and social media) was developed by the team of the International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), and is unique for the EU. The course integrates the most relevant data on SARS-Cov-2-related neuropsychiatry, and COVID-19' pandemic impact on mental health and society, including assignment of the vulnerable groups of students and healthcare professionals. The major topics covered during the course are (i) Novel virus, (ii) Brain, (iii) Society. The project takes place originally in Samara State Medical University. The ICERN Faculty includes academic staff from France, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, invited speakers from the WHO Regional Office for Europe and World Psychiatric Association (EU Zones) members, some of them employed at ICERN by remote work contracts. The format of the educational process for students is hybrid suggesting both remote and face-to-face events. Distant learning participants and EU lecturers are to attend on-line via zoom platform, whereas local participants and staff work face-to-face in the ICERN video-conference room. The course is addressed to a broad audience of doctors, undergraduate and postgraduate students, and researchers from EU wishing to upgrade their knowledge in the pandemic-associated neuropsychiatry. RESULTS: The evaluation process supposes three intermediate assessments and a final test for certification. On-line assessment is to be performed at the project web-page - 10 randomly selected questions with scoring from 1 to 10 each. The Pass Score is 70-100. At the end of the course all the participants receive certificates of Samara State Medical University according to the ERASMUS policy book, as planned in 2021. CONCLUSIONS: We formatted this course as essential for the target audience to improve their resources of professional adaptability in the field of neuropsychiatry and mental healthcare management during challenging times. The ICERN course in pandemic-related neuropsychiatry is essential for early career health professionals and targets the principles of "academia without borders" in the context of international medical knowledge exchange. In the conditions of the changing social situation this educational content is necessary for the young doctors to acquire the add-on skills on flexibility to switch toward new professional approaches in the times of need. The long-term outcomes in pandemic-related neuropsychiatry are still to be seen, though the first feedback on the course content is already promising for the academic community. FAU - Kozina, Tatiana AU - Kozina T AD - Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia. FAU - Gonda, Xenia AU - Gonda X FAU - Thibaut, Florence AU - Thibaut F FAU - Tavormina, Giuseppe AU - Tavormina G FAU - Borisova, Natalia AU - Borisova N FAU - Gorbatchev, Dmitriy AU - Gorbatchev D FAU - Protasov, Andrey AU - Protasov A FAU - Kolsanov, Aleksandr AU - Kolsanov A FAU - Smirnova, Daria AU - Smirnova D LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Croatia TA - Psychiatr Danub JT - Psychiatria Danubina JID - 9424753 SB - IM MH - Brain MH - *COVID-19/complications MH - Communicable Disease Control MH - Humans MH - *Neuropsychiatry MH - Pandemics MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome EDAT- 2022/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/01 06:00 CRDT- 2022/09/28 17:32 PHST- 2022/09/28 17:32 [entrez] PHST- 2022/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/01 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Psychiatr Danub. 2022 Sep;34(Suppl 8):164-169. PMID- 35987197 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220920 LR - 20250530 IS - 2215-0374 (Electronic) IS - 2215-0366 (Print) IS - 2215-0366 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 10 DP - 2022 Oct TI - Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients. PG - 815-827 LID - S2215-0366(22)00260-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00260-7 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is associated with increased risks of neurological and psychiatric sequelae in the weeks and months thereafter. How long these risks remain, whether they affect children and adults similarly, and whether SARS-CoV-2 variants differ in their risk profiles remains unclear. METHODS: In this analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies, we extracted data from the TriNetX electronic health records network, an international network of de-identified data from health-care records of approximately 89 million patients collected from hospital, primary care, and specialist providers (mostly from the USA, but also from Australia, the UK, Spain, Bulgaria, India, Malaysia, and Taiwan). A cohort of patients of any age with COVID-19 diagnosed between Jan 20, 2020, and April 13, 2022, was identified and propensity-score matched (1:1) to a contemporaneous cohort of patients with any other respiratory infection. Matching was done on the basis of demographic factors, risk factors for COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 illness, and vaccination status. Analyses were stratified by age group (age <18 years [children], 18-64 years [adults], and >/=65 years [older adults]) and date of diagnosis. We assessed the risks of 14 neurological and psychiatric diagnoses after SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared these risks with the matched comparator cohort. The 2-year risk trajectories were represented by time-varying hazard ratios (HRs) and summarised using the 6-month constant HRs (representing the risks in the earlier phase of follow-up, which have not yet been well characterised in children), the risk horizon for each outcome (ie, the time at which the HR returns to 1), and the time to equal incidence in the two cohorts. We also estimated how many people died after a neurological or psychiatric diagnosis during follow-up in each age group. Finally, we compared matched cohorts of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 directly before and after the emergence of the alpha (B.1.1.7), delta (B.1.617.2), and omicron (B.1.1.529) variants. FINDINGS: We identified 1 487 712 patients with a recorded diagnosis of COVID-19 during the study period, of whom 1 284 437 (185 748 children, 856 588 adults, and 242 101 older adults; overall mean age 42.5 years [SD 21.9]; 741 806 [57.8%] were female and 542 192 [42.2%] were male) were adequately matched with an equal number of patients with another respiratory infection. The risk trajectories of outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the whole cohort differed substantially. While most outcomes had HRs significantly greater than 1 after 6 months (with the exception of encephalitis; Guillain-Barre syndrome; nerve, nerve root, and plexus disorder; and parkinsonism), their risk horizons and time to equal incidence varied greatly. Risks of the common psychiatric disorders returned to baseline after 1-2 months (mood disorders at 43 days, anxiety disorders at 58 days) and subsequently reached an equal overall incidence to the matched comparison group (mood disorders at 457 days, anxiety disorders at 417 days). By contrast, risks of cognitive deficit (known as brain fog), dementia, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy or seizures were still increased at the end of the 2-year follow-up period. Post-COVID-19 risk trajectories differed in children compared with adults: in the 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, children were not at an increased risk of mood (HR 1.02 [95% CI 0.94-1.10) or anxiety (1.00 [0.94-1.06]) disorders, but did have an increased risk of cognitive deficit, insomnia, intracranial haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, nerve, nerve root, and plexus disorders, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy or seizures (HRs ranging from 1.20 [1.09-1.33] to 2.16 [1.46-3.19]). Unlike adults, cognitive deficit in children had a finite risk horizon (75 days) and a finite time to equal incidence (491 days). A sizeable proportion of older adults who received a neurological or psychiatric diagnosis, in either cohort, subsequently died, especially those diagnosed with dementia or epilepsy or seizures. Risk profiles were similar just before versus just after the emergence of the alpha variant (n=47 675 in each cohort). Just after (vs just before) the emergence of the delta variant (n=44 835 in each cohort), increased risks of ischaemic stroke, epilepsy or seizures, cognitive deficit, insomnia, and anxiety disorders were observed, compounded by an increased death rate. With omicron (n=39 845 in each cohort), there was a lower death rate than just before emergence of the variant, but the risks of neurological and psychiatric outcomes remained similar. INTERPRETATION: This analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 showed that the increased incidence of mood and anxiety disorders was transient, with no overall excess of these diagnoses compared with other respiratory infections. In contrast, the increased risk of psychotic disorder, cognitive deficit, dementia, and epilepsy or seizures persisted throughout. The differing trajectories suggest a different pathogenesis for these outcomes. Children have a more benign overall profile of psychiatric risk than do adults and older adults, but their sustained higher risk of some diagnoses is of concern. The fact that neurological and psychiatric outcomes were similar during the delta and omicron waves indicates that the burden on the health-care system might continue even with variants that are less severe in other respects. Our findings are relevant to understanding individual-level and population-level risks of neurological and psychiatric disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection and can help inform our responses to them. FUNDING: National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Foundation, and MQ Mental Health Research. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Taquet, Maxime AU - Taquet M AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. FAU - Sillett, Rebecca AU - Sillett R AD - Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. FAU - Zhu, Lena AU - Zhu L AD - Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. FAU - Mendel, Jacob AU - Mendel J AD - Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. FAU - Camplisson, Isabella AU - Camplisson I AD - Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. FAU - Dercon, Quentin AU - Dercon Q AD - MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK. FAU - Harrison, Paul J AU - Harrison PJ AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: paul.harrison@psych.ox.ac.uk. LA - eng GR - MC_UU_00030/12/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220817 PL - England TA - Lancet Psychiatry JT - The lancet. Psychiatry JID - 101638123 RN - SARS-CoV-2 variants SB - IM CIN - Lancet Psychiatry. 2022 Oct;9(10):762-763. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00302-9. PMID: 35987198 MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Brain Ischemia MH - *COVID-19/epidemiology MH - Child MH - Cohort Studies MH - *Dementia/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Ischemic Stroke MH - Male MH - Retrospective Studies MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Seizures MH - *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders MH - *Stroke PMC - PMC9385200 COIS- Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2022/08/21 06:00 MHDA- 2022/09/21 06:00 PMCR- 2022/10/01 CRDT- 2022/08/20 18:52 PHST- 2022/05/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/07/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/07/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/08/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/09/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/08/20 18:52 [entrez] PHST- 2022/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2215-0366(22)00260-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00260-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Lancet Psychiatry. 2022 Oct;9(10):815-827. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00260-7. Epub 2022 Aug 17. PMID- 35867217 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221101 LR - 20221101 IS - 1590-3478 (Electronic) IS - 1590-1874 (Print) IS - 1590-1874 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 11 DP - 2022 Nov TI - Infectious diseases and cognition: do we have to worry? PG - 6215-6224 LID - 10.1007/s10072-022-06280-9 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: Age-related physiological changes, particularly immune system decline, may contribute to greater vulnerability to infectious diseases in older individuals. A growing body of evidence shows that both, acute, and chronic infections may be accompanied by cognitive disturbances as part of their manifestations. Given the importance of cognition in aging trajectories, the objective of this article was to review current knowledge on cognitive outcomes of infectious diseases in older adults, and to emphasize the importance of considering cognition as a domain of interest in its own rights in these diseases. METHODS: A MEDLINE/PubMed database search was conducted to identify articles reporting cognitive impairment associated with various severe acute infections and specific chronic infectious conditions such as human immune deficiency virus, the herpes virus family, hepatitis C virus, Lyme borreliosis, Helicobacter pylori, periodontitis, and emerging pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, as well as potentially preventive strategies like vaccination. RESULTS/ CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the studies examined in the present review emphasize that numerous acute and chronic infectious diseases share mechanisms that, when added to specific risk factors frequently found in older persons, contribute to considerably increase the risk of cognitive outcomes such as cognitive decline and dementia. This review may help to appreciate the role that infectious diseases play in cognitive trajectories and thus promote further investigation on the topic. CI - (c) 2022. Fondazione Societa Italiana di Neurologia. FAU - Hernandez-Ruiz, Virgilio AU - Hernandez-Ruiz V AD - UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 33000, Bordeaux, France. virgilioh@gmail.com. AD - Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas Y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. virgilioh@gmail.com. FAU - Letenneur, Luc AU - Letenneur L AD - UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 33000, Bordeaux, France. FAU - Fulop, Tamas AU - Fulop T AD - Research Center On Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. FAU - Helmer, Catherine AU - Helmer C AD - UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 33000, Bordeaux, France. FAU - Roubaud-Baudron, Claire AU - Roubaud-Baudron C AD - CHU Bordeaux, Pole de Gerontologie Clinique, 33000, Bordeaux, France. AD - Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR U1312 - BRIC, 33000, Bordeaux, France. FAU - Avila-Funes, Jose-Alberto AU - Avila-Funes JA AD - UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 33000, Bordeaux, France. AD - Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas Y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Amieva, Helene AU - Amieva H AD - UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 33000, Bordeaux, France. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220722 PL - Italy TA - Neurol Sci JT - Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology JID - 100959175 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Dementia/epidemiology MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - *COVID-19 MH - Cognition MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology MH - *Communicable Diseases/complications/epidemiology PMC - PMC9305033 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cognitive decline OT - Dementia OT - Infectious diseases OT - Older persons COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2022/07/23 06:00 MHDA- 2022/11/02 06:00 PMCR- 2022/07/22 CRDT- 2022/07/22 11:19 PHST- 2022/03/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/07/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/11/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/22 11:19 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s10072-022-06280-9 [pii] AID - 6280 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10072-022-06280-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neurol Sci. 2022 Nov;43(11):6215-6224. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06280-9. Epub 2022 Jul 22. PMID- 35860929 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220722 LR - 20250728 IS - 1881-6096 (Print) IS - 1881-6096 (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 7 DP - 2022 Jul TI - [Neuro COVID: Current Status and Issues to be Clarified]. PG - 837-843 LID - 10.11477/mf.1416202136 [doi] AB - Compared with the effects of direct viral infection, hypercytokinemia and autoantibodies have received significantly greater attention as etiopathogenetic contributors to neuromuscular injury and consequent symptoms caused by COVID-19. Neuromuscular complications observed during the acute phase are associated with a high mortality risk. Studies have reported brain fog and cognitive impairment as post-infection sequelae. The frequency of post-vaccination neurological adverse reactions was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19. FAU - Shimohata, Takayoshi AU - Shimohata T AD - Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine. LA - jpn PT - Journal Article PL - Japan TA - Brain Nerve JT - Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo JID - 101299709 SB - IM MH - *COVID-19/complications MH - Humans EDAT- 2022/07/22 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/23 06:00 CRDT- 2022/07/21 03:33 PHST- 2022/07/21 03:33 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/23 06:00 [medline] AID - 1416202136 [pii] AID - 10.11477/mf.1416202136 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Brain Nerve. 2022 Jul;74(7):837-843. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416202136. PMID- 35614173 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220819 LR - 20251031 IS - 1590-3478 (Electronic) IS - 1590-1874 (Print) IS - 1590-1874 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 9 DP - 2022 Sep TI - Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors in a Moroccan cohort of Long-Covid-19. PG - 5175-5180 LID - 10.1007/s10072-022-06138-0 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 can involve persistence of nonspecific symptoms and sequelae that last weeks to months after initial recovery, but the definition of this situation is lacking. Thus, the aim of our study is to estimate the prevalence, symptoms, and signs extending beyond the acute phase of Covid-19 compared to the general population not infected with the virus and to assess the factors influencing the occurrence of these symptoms in developing countries like Morocco. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study recruited 118 healthcare workers who endured the Covid-19 infection and 118 matched controls that had never experienced it. We have defined Long-Covid-19 according to guidance for NICE, and we used a survey made of direct questions and short answers sent to the recruiters via mail to evaluate the demographic parameters, severity and duration of the Covid-19 symptoms, vaccination against SARS CoV-2, and pulmonary involvement, and a series of general symptoms were looked for. FINDINGS: Our study found that the prevalence of Long-Covid-19 was 47.4%. Compared to the general population, the symptoms with statistical significative results were predominated by asthenia, myalgia, and brain fog. The severity of the pulmonary involvement on chest CT scan was the only risk factor to their occurrence, whereas no effect of the vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 was found. CONCLUSION: Comparing to the literature, this study showed that nearly half of the patients who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 will experience a variety of symptoms after the acute phase of this infection, and that it would be a real burden even in the youngest. We also found that vaccination against SARS-Cov-2 has no impact on this prevalence, which is to the best of our knowledge has never been previously studied. CI - (c) 2022. Fondazione Societa Italiana di Neurologia. FAU - El Otmani, Hicham AU - El Otmani H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0870-1808 AD - Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. hichamotmani@yahoo.com. AD - Genetics Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. hichamotmani@yahoo.com. FAU - Nabili, Salma AU - Nabili S AD - Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. FAU - Berrada, Malika AU - Berrada M AD - Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. FAU - Bellakhdar, Salma AU - Bellakhdar S AD - Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. FAU - El Moutawakil, Bouchra AU - El Moutawakil B AD - Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. AD - Genetics Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. FAU - Abdoh Rafai, Mohammed AU - Abdoh Rafai M AD - Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. AD - Research Laboratory of Neurological Disease and Neurosensory Handicap, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220525 PL - Italy TA - Neurol Sci JT - Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology JID - 100959175 SB - IM MH - *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Morocco/epidemiology MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome PMC - PMC9132567 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Comparative study OT - Covid-19 OT - Long terms OT - Vaccination COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2022/05/26 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/20 06:00 PMCR- 2022/05/25 CRDT- 2022/05/25 23:22 PHST- 2021/10/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/05/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/05/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/05/25 23:22 [entrez] PHST- 2022/05/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s10072-022-06138-0 [pii] AID - 6138 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10072-022-06138-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neurol Sci. 2022 Sep;43(9):5175-5180. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06138-0. Epub 2022 May 25. PMID- 35607826 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220712 LR - 20260927 IS - 2328-9503 (Electronic) IS - 2328-9503 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 7 DP - 2022 Jul TI - Evolution of neurologic symptoms in non-hospitalized COVID-19 "long haulers". PG - 950-961 LID - 10.1002/acn3.51570 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: We characterized the evolution of neurologic symptoms and self-perceived recovery of non-hospitalized COVID-19 "long haulers" 6-9 months after their initial Neuro-COVID-19 clinic evaluation. METHODS: In this follow-up study on the first 100 patients, 50 SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-positive (SARS-CoV-2(+) ), and 50 laboratory-negative (SARS-CoV-2(-) ), evaluated at our Neuro-COVID-19 clinic between May and November 2020, patients completed phone questionnaires on their neurologic symptoms, subjective impression of recovery and quality of life. RESULTS: Of 52 patients who completed the study (27 SARS-CoV-2(+) , 25 SARS-CoV-2(-) ) a median 14.8 (range 11-18) months after symptom onset, mean age was 42.8 years, 73% were female, and 77% were vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2. Overall, there was no significant change in the frequency of most neurologic symptoms between first and follow-up evaluations, including "brain fog" (81 vs. 71%), numbness/tingling (69 vs. 65%), headache (67 vs. 54%), dizziness (50 vs. 54%), blurred vision (34 vs. 44%), tinnitus (33 vs. 42%), and fatigue (87 vs. 81%). However, dysgeusia and anosmia decreased overall (63 vs. 27%, 58 vs. 21%, both p < 0.001). Conversely, heart rate and blood pressure variation (35 vs. 56%, p = 0.01) and gastrointestinal symptoms (27 vs. 48%, p = 0.04) increased at follow-up. Patients reported improvements in their recovery, cognitive function, and fatigue, but quality of life measures remained lower than the US normative population (p < 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not have a positive or detrimental impact on cognitive function or fatigue. INTERPRETATION: Non-hospitalized COVID-19 "long haulers" continue to experience neurologic symptoms, fatigue, and compromised quality of life 14.8 months after initial infection. CI - (c) 2022 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association. FAU - Ali, Sareen T AU - Ali ST AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1835-3782 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Kang, Anthony K AU - Kang AK AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6623-135X AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Patel, Tulsi R AU - Patel TR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2020-0638 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Clark, Jeffrey R AU - Clark JR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1214-3645 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Perez-Giraldo, Gina S AU - Perez-Giraldo GS AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Orban, Zachary S AU - Orban ZS AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Lim, Patrick H AU - Lim PH AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Jimenez, Millenia AU - Jimenez M AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Graham, Edith L AU - Graham EL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6862-5531 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Batra, Ayush AU - Batra A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4783-5801 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Liotta, Eric M AU - Liotta EM AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. FAU - Koralnik, Igor J AU - Koralnik IJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6836-1468 AD - Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220524 PL - United States TA - Ann Clin Transl Neurol JT - Annals of clinical and translational neurology JID - 101623278 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - *COVID-19 MH - COVID-19 Vaccines MH - Fatigue/etiology MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Quality of Life MH - SARS-CoV-2 PMC - PMC9268866 COIS- The authors report no conflict of interest pertaining to this publication. EDAT- 2022/05/25 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/14 06:00 PMCR- 2022/05/24 CRDT- 2022/05/24 03:26 PHST- 2022/04/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/03/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/05/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/05/24 03:26 [entrez] PHST- 2022/05/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ACN351570 [pii] AID - 10.1002/acn3.51570 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022 Jul;9(7):950-961. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51570. Epub 2022 May 24. PMID- 35318939 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220328 LR - 20221207 IS - 2050-084X (Electronic) IS - 2050-084X (Linking) VI - 11 DP - 2022 Mar 23 TI - Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A metabolic perspective. LID - 10.7554/eLife.78200 [doi] LID - e78200 AB - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to rage around the world. At the same time, despite strong public health measures and high vaccination rates in some countries, a post-COVID-19 syndrome has emerged which lacks a clear definition, prevalence, or etiology. However, fatigue, dyspnea, brain fog, and lack of smell and/or taste are often characteristic of patients with this syndrome. These are evident more than a month after infection, and are labeled as Post-Acute Sequelae of CoV-2 (PASC) or commonly referred to as long-COVID. Metabolic dysfunction (i.e., obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus) is a predisposing risk factor for severe acute COVID-19, and there is emerging evidence that this factor plus a chronic inflammatory state may predispose to PASC. In this article, we explore the potential pathogenic metabolic mechanisms that could underly both severe acute COVID-19 and PASC, and then consider how these might be targeted for future therapeutic approaches. CI - (c) 2022, Scherer et al. FAU - Scherer, Philipp E AU - Scherer PE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0680-3392 AD - Touchstone Diabetes Center University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, United States. FAU - Kirwan, John P AU - Kirwan JP AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7321-9917 AD - Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, United States. FAU - Rosen, Clifford J AU - Rosen CJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3436-8199 AD - Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States. LA - eng GR - U54 GM104940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - U54GM11516-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20220323 PL - England TA - Elife JT - eLife JID - 101579614 RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM MH - COVID-19/*complications/epidemiology/etiology/metabolism/therapy MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - Disease Management MH - *Disease Susceptibility MH - *Energy Metabolism MH - Glucose/metabolism MH - Glucose Intolerance MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Islets of Langerhans/metabolism MH - Liver/metabolism MH - Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology/metabolism/therapy MH - Risk Assessment MH - Risk Factors MH - T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome PMC - PMC8942467 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - PASC OT - medicine OT - metabolic dysfunction OT - obesity COIS- PS, JK, CR No competing interests declared EDAT- 2022/03/24 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/29 06:00 PMCR- 2022/03/23 CRDT- 2022/03/23 08:40 PHST- 2022/02/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/03/23 08:40 [entrez] PHST- 2022/03/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/03/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 78200 [pii] AID - 10.7554/eLife.78200 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Elife. 2022 Mar 23;11:e78200. doi: 10.7554/eLife.78200. PMID- 35136225 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220214 LR - 20221207 IS - 1476-4687 (Electronic) IS - 0028-0836 (Linking) VI - 602 IP - 7896 DP - 2022 Feb TI - Long COVID and kids: more research is urgently needed. PG - 183 LID - 10.1038/d41586-022-00334-w [doi] LA - eng PT - Editorial PL - England TA - Nature JT - Nature JID - 0410462 RN - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Biomedical Research/*trends MH - COVID-19/*complications/epidemiology/immunology/therapy MH - COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Clinical Trials as Topic/methods MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/*epidemiology MH - Cohort Studies MH - Fatigue/*epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Prevalence MH - *Uncertainty MH - United Kingdom/epidemiology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome OTO - NOTNLM OT - Health care OT - Infection OT - Medical research OT - Policy OT - SARS-CoV-2 EDAT- 2022/02/10 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/15 06:00 CRDT- 2022/02/09 05:44 PHST- 2022/02/09 05:44 [entrez] PHST- 2022/02/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1038/d41586-022-00334-w [pii] AID - 10.1038/d41586-022-00334-w [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nature. 2022 Feb;602(7896):183. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-00334-w. PMID- 35069602 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220208 LR - 20260127 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2021 TI - Case Report: Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination. PG - 813487 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813487 [doi] LID - 813487 AB - Anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is characterized by cognitive impairment or rapid progressive dementia, psychiatric disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) and refractory hyponatremia. Since December 2020, millions of people worldwide have been vaccinated against COVID-19. Several soft neurological symptoms like pain, headache, dizziness, or muscle spasms are common and self-limited adverse effects after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. However, several major neurological complications, despite the unproven causality, have been reported since the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine. Herein, we describe a 48 years old man presenting with rapidly progressive cognitive decline and hyponatremia diagnosed with anti LGI1 AE, occurring shortly after the second dose of mRNA COVID -19 vaccine and possibly representing a severe adverse event related to the vaccination. Response to high dose steroid therapy was favorable. As millions of people worldwide are currently receiving COVID-19 vaccinations, this case should serve to increase the awareness for possible rare autoimmune reactions following this novel vaccination in general, and particularly of anti-LGI1 AE. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Zlotnik, Gadoth, Abu-Salameh, Horev, Novoa and Ifergane. FAU - Zlotnik, Yair AU - Zlotnik Y AD - Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. FAU - Gadoth, Avi AU - Gadoth A AD - Department of Neurology, Encephalitis Center, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. FAU - Abu-Salameh, Ibrahim AU - Abu-Salameh I AD - Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. FAU - Horev, Anat AU - Horev A AD - Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. FAU - Novoa, Rosa AU - Novoa R AD - Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. FAU - Ifergane, Gal AU - Ifergane G AD - Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220105 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 RN - 0 (Autoantibodies) RN - 0 (BNT162 Vaccine) RN - 0 (Glucocorticoids) RN - 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins) RN - X4W7ZR7023 (Methylprednisolone) RN - VB0R961HZT (Prednisone) RN - 0 (LGI1 protein, human) SB - IM MH - Autoantibodies/*blood/*cerebrospinal fluid/immunology MH - Autoimmune Diseases/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy/*immunology MH - BNT162 Vaccine/*adverse effects MH - COVID-19/*prevention & control/virology MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy/immunology MH - Encephalitis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy/*immunology MH - Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Hyponatremia/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy/immunology MH - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*immunology MH - Male MH - Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage MH - Middle Aged MH - Prednisone/administration & dosage MH - SARS-CoV-2/*immunology MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vaccination/*adverse effects PMC - PMC8766789 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 vaccination OT - COVID-19 vaccination adverse effect OT - anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis OT - autoimmune encephalitis (AE) OT - case report COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/01/25 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/09 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/05 CRDT- 2022/01/24 08:49 PHST- 2021/11/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/12/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/24 08:49 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813487 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2022 Jan 5;12:813487. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813487. eCollection 2021. PMID- 34951387 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220525 LR - 20231103 IS - 1875-6190 (Electronic) IS - 1570-159X (Print) IS - 1570-159X (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 6 DP - 2022 TI - Biomedical Perspectives of Acute and Chronic Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19. PG - 1229-1240 LID - 10.2174/1570159X20666211223130228 [doi] AB - The incidence of infections from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has dramatically escalated following the initial outbreak in China, in late 2019, resulting in a global pandemic with millions of deaths. Although the majority of infected patients survive, and the rapid advent and deployment of vaccines have afforded increased immunity against SARS-CoV-2, long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become increasingly recognized. These include, but are not limited to, chronic pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disorders, and proinflammatory-associated neurological dysfunction that may lead to psychological and neurocognitive impairment. A major component of cognitive dysfunction is operationally categorized as "brain fog" which comprises difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, confusion, depression, and fatigue. Multiple parameters associated with long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been detailed in clinical studies. Empirically elucidated mechanisms associated with the neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 are by nature complex, but broad-based working models have focused on mitochondrial dysregulation, leading to systemic reductions of metabolic activity and cellular bioenergetics within the CNS structures. Multiple factors underlying the expression of brain fog may facilitate future pathogenic insults, leading to repetitive cycles of viral and bacterial propagation. Interestingly, diverse neurocognitive sequelae associated with COVID-19 are not dissimilar from those observed in other historical pandemics, thereby providing a broad and integrative perspective on potential common mechanisms of CNS dysfunction subsequent to viral infection. Poor mental health status may be reciprocally linked to compromised immune processes and enhanced susceptibility to infection by diverse pathogens. By extrapolation, we contend that COVID-19 may potentiate the severity of neurological/neurocognitive deficits in patients afflicted by well-studied neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, the prevention, diagnosis, and management of sustained neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 are pivotal health care directives and provide a compelling rationale for careful monitoring of infected patients, as early mitigation efforts may reduce short- and long-term complications. CI - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net. FAU - Stefano, George B AU - Stefano GB AD - Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. FAU - Buttiker, Pascal AU - Buttiker P AD - Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. FAU - Weissenberger, Simon AU - Weissenberger S AD - Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. AD - Department of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. FAU - Ptacek, Radek AU - Ptacek R AD - Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. FAU - Wang, Fuzhou AU - Wang F AD - Group of Neuropharmacology and Neurophysiology, Division of Neuroscience, The Bonoi Academy of Science and Education, Chapel Hill, NC27510, USA. FAU - Esch, Tobias AU - Esch T AD - Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. FAU - Bilfinger, Thomas V AU - Bilfinger TV AD - Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794, USA. FAU - Raboch, Jiri AU - Raboch J AD - Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. FAU - Kream, Richard M AU - Kream RM AD - Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Curr Neuropharmacol JT - Current neuropharmacology JID - 101157239 SB - IM MH - *COVID-19/complications MH - Central Nervous System MH - Disease Progression MH - Humans MH - *Neurodegenerative Diseases MH - Pandemics MH - SARS-CoV-2 PMC - PMC9886822 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Central nervous system OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - anxiety OT - brain fog OT - cognitive impairment OT - depression OT - long COVID OT - microglia OT - mitochondria OT - neuroinflammation OT - neuropsychiatric disease EDAT- 2021/12/25 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/26 06:00 PMCR- 2022/11/16 CRDT- 2021/12/24 08:42 PHST- 2021/10/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/12/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/12/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/12/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/12/24 08:42 [entrez] PHST- 2022/11/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - CN-EPUB-119655 [pii] AID - CN-20-1229 [pii] AID - 10.2174/1570159X20666211223130228 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Neuropharmacol. 2022;20(6):1229-1240. doi: 10.2174/1570159X20666211223130228. PMID- 34924406 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220128 LR - 20221207 IS - 1878-3627 (Electronic) IS - 0922-6028 (Print) IS - 0922-6028 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 6 DP - 2021 TI - Non-invasive brain microcurrent stimulation therapy of long-COVID-19 reduces vascular dysregulation and improves visual and cognitive impairment. PG - 393-408 LID - 10.3233/RNN-211249 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: An effective treatment is needed for long-COVID patients which suffer from symptoms of vision and/or cognition impairment such as impaired attention, memory, language comprehension, or fatigue. OBJECTIVE: Because COVID-19infection causes reduced blood flow which may cause neuronal inactivation, we explored if neuromodulation with non-invasive brain stimulation using microcurrent (NIBS), known to enhance blood flow and neuronal synchronization, can reduce these symptoms. METHODS: Two female long-COVID patients were treated for 10-13 days with alternating current stimulation of the eyes and brain. While one patient (age 40) was infected with the SARS CoV-2 virus, the other (age 72) developed symptoms following AstraZeneca vaccination. Before and after therapy, cognition was assessed subjectively by interview and visual fields quantified using perimetry. One patient was also tested with a cognitive test battery and with a retinal dynamic vascular analyser (DVA), a surrogate marker of vascular dysregulation in the brain. RESULTS: In both patients NIBS markedly improved cognition and partially reversed visual field loss within 3-4 days. Cognitive tests in one patient confirmed recovery of up to 40-60% in cognitive subfunctions with perimetry results showing stable and visual field recovery even during follow-up. DVA showed that NIBS reduced vascular dysregulation by normalizing vessel dynamics (dilation/constriction), with particularly noticeable changes in the peripheral veins and arteries. CONCLUSIONS: NIBS was effective in improving visual and cognitive deficits in two confirmed SARS-COV-2 patients. Because recovery of function was associated with restoration of vascular autoregulation, we propose that (i) hypometabolic, "silent" neurons are the likely biological cause of long-COVID associated visual and cognitive deficits, and (ii) reoxygenation of these "silent" neurons provides the basis for neural reactivation and neurological recovery. Controlled trials are now needed to confirm these observations. FAU - Sabel, Bernhard A AU - Sabel BA AD - Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. FAU - Zhou, Wanshu AU - Zhou W AD - Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. FAU - Huber, Frank AU - Huber F AD - Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. FAU - Schmidt, Florentina AU - Schmidt F AD - Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. FAU - Sabel, Kornelia AU - Sabel K AD - SAVIR-Center, Magdeburg, Germany. FAU - Gonschorek, Andreas AU - Gonschorek A AD - BG Clinic Hamburg, Neurozentrum Hamburg, Germany. FAU - Bilc, Mirela AU - Bilc M AD - Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Restor Neurol Neurosci JT - Restorative neurology and neuroscience JID - 9005499 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Brain MH - *COVID-19/complications MH - *Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy/virology MH - *Electric Stimulation Therapy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Vision Disorders/therapy/virology MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome PMC - PMC8764598 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Vision OT - cognition OT - corona OT - neuromodulation OT - recovery OT - restoration EDAT- 2021/12/21 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/29 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/18 CRDT- 2021/12/20 05:54 PHST- 2021/12/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/12/20 05:54 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - RNN211249 [pii] AID - 10.3233/RNN-211249 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2021;39(6):393-408. doi: 10.3233/RNN-211249. PMID- 34899999 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231108 IS - 1759-1961 (Print) IS - 1759-1961 (Electronic) IS - 1759-1961 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Feb TI - Neuro-COVID-19. PG - 17-23 LID - 10.1111/cen3.12676 [doi] AB - Neuromuscular manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are frequent, and include dizziness, headache, myopathy, and olfactory and gustatory disturbances. Patients with acute central nervous system disorders, such as delirium, impaired consciousness, stroke and convulsive seizures, have a high mortality rate. The encephalitis/encephalopathy that causes consciousness disturbance and seizures can be classified into three conditions, including direct infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, encephalopathy caused by central nervous system damage secondary to systemic hypercytokinemia (cytokine storm) and autoimmune-mediated encephalitis that occurs after infection. The sequelae, called post-acute COVID-19 syndrome or long COVID, include neuromuscular manifestations, such as anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, muscle weakness, brain fog and cognitive impairment. It is desirable to establish diagnostic criteria and treatment for these symptoms. Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, bilateral facial paralysis, encephalitis and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome have been reported as adverse reactions after the COVID-19 vaccine, although these are rare. CI - (c) 2021 Japanese Society for Neuroimmunology. FAU - Shimohata, Takayoshi AU - Shimohata T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8788-9089 AD - Department of Neurology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20210929 PL - United States TA - Clin Exp Neuroimmunol JT - Clinical & experimental neuroimmunology JID - 101520677 PMC - PMC8652810 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - neuromuscular manifestations OT - post-acute COVID-19 syndrome OT - vaccine EDAT- 2021/12/14 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/14 06:01 PMCR- 2021/09/29 CRDT- 2021/12/13 17:58 PHST- 2021/08/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/12/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/14 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/12/13 17:58 [entrez] PHST- 2021/09/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - CEN312676 [pii] AID - 10.1111/cen3.12676 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Exp Neuroimmunol. 2022 Feb;13(1):17-23. doi: 10.1111/cen3.12676. Epub 2021 Sep 29. PMID- 34163090 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210929 LR - 20260518 IS - 1546-170X (Electronic) IS - 1078-8956 (Print) IS - 1078-8956 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 9 DP - 2021 Sep TI - Long COVID in a prospective cohort of home-isolated patients. PG - 1607-1613 LID - 10.1038/s41591-021-01433-3 [doi] AB - Long-term complications after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are common in hospitalized patients, but the spectrum of symptoms in milder cases needs further investigation. We conducted a long-term follow-up in a prospective cohort study of 312 patients-247 home-isolated and 65 hospitalized-comprising 82% of total cases in Bergen during the first pandemic wave in Norway. At 6 months, 61% (189/312) of all patients had persistent symptoms, which were independently associated with severity of initial illness, increased convalescent antibody titers and pre-existing chronic lung disease. We found that 52% (32/61) of home-isolated young adults, aged 16-30 years, had symptoms at 6 months, including loss of taste and/or smell (28%, 17/61), fatigue (21%, 13/61), dyspnea (13%, 8/61), impaired concentration (13%, 8/61) and memory problems (11%, 7/61). Our findings that young, home-isolated adults with mild COVID-19 are at risk of long-lasting dyspnea and cognitive symptoms highlight the importance of infection control measures, such as vaccination. CI - (c) 2021. The Author(s). FAU - Blomberg, Bjorn AU - Blomberg B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5647-4297 AD - Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. bjorn.blomberg@uib.no. AD - National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. bjorn.blomberg@uib.no. AD - Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. bjorn.blomberg@uib.no. FAU - Mohn, Kristin Greve-Isdahl AU - Mohn KG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3249-1719 AD - Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. AD - Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Brokstad, Karl Albert AU - Brokstad KA AD - Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. AD - Department of Safety, Chemistry and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Zhou, Fan AU - Zhou F AD - Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Linchausen, Dagrun Waag AU - Linchausen DW AD - Bergen Municipality Emergency Clinic, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Hansen, Bent-Are AU - Hansen BA AD - Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Lartey, Sarah AU - Lartey S AD - Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Onyango, Therese Bredholt AU - Onyango TB AD - Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Kuwelker, Kanika AU - Kuwelker K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1302-950X AD - Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. AD - National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. AD - Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. AD - Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Saevik, Marianne AU - Saevik M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4670-4957 AD - Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Bartsch, Hauke AU - Bartsch H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1486-4128 AD - Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. AD - Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Tondel, Camilla AU - Tondel C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3389-3194 AD - Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. AD - Department of Research and Innovation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. FAU - Kittang, Bard Reiakvam AU - Kittang BR AD - Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. AD - Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway. CN - Bergen COVID-19 Research Group FAU - Cox, Rebecca Jane AU - Cox RJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8341-4078 AD - Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. rebecca.cox@uib.no. AD - Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. rebecca.cox@uib.no. FAU - Langeland, Nina AU - Langeland N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0278-1616 AD - Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. nina.langeland@uib.no. AD - National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. nina.langeland@uib.no. AD - Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. nina.langeland@uib.no. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210623 PL - United States TA - Nat Med JT - Nature medicine JID - 9502015 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Ageusia/virology MH - Anosmia/virology MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - COVID-19/*complications/*pathology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/*virology MH - Dyspnea/*virology MH - Fatigue/*virology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Norway MH - Patient Isolation MH - Prospective Studies MH - SARS-CoV-2 MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Young Adult MH - Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome PMC - PMC8440190 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. FIR - Madsen, Anders IR - Madsen A FIR - Bredholt, Geir IR - Bredholt G FIR - Vahokoski, Juha IR - Vahokoski J FIR - Fjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg IR - Fjelltveit EB FIR - Bansal, Amit IR - Bansal A FIR - Trieu, Mai Chi IR - Trieu MC FIR - Ljostveit, Sonja IR - Ljostveit S FIR - Olofsson, Jan Stefan IR - Olofsson JS FIR - Ertesvag, Nina IR - Ertesvag N FIR - Sandnes, Helene Heitmann IR - Sandnes HH FIR - Corydon, Anette IR - Corydon A FIR - Soyland, Hanne IR - Soyland H FIR - Eidsheim, Marianne IR - Eidsheim M FIR - Jakobsen, Kjerstin IR - Jakobsen K FIR - Guldseth, Nina IR - Guldseth N FIR - Hauge, Synnove IR - Hauge S EDAT- 2021/06/25 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/30 06:00 PMCR- 2021/06/23 CRDT- 2021/06/24 06:28 PHST- 2021/02/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/06/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/06/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/06/24 06:28 [entrez] PHST- 2021/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41591-021-01433-3 [pii] AID - 1433 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41591-021-01433-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nat Med. 2021 Sep;27(9):1607-1613. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01433-3. Epub 2021 Jun 23.