PubMed:
Provider: NLM
Database: PubMed (National Library of Medicine), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Date(s) Searched: October 28, 2026
Date range searched: 2015 to 2027
Language: English
Publication types excluded: Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint
Final count: 26,999 (line 13)
Search Terms:

No. | Query | Results
1 | "Child"[Mesh] OR "Adolescent"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Infant"[Mesh] OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Child Health"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Adolescent Health"[Mesh:NoExp] | 4,357,606
2 | child[tiab] OR children[tiab] OR childhood[tiab] OR pediatric[tiab] OR paediatric[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR youth[tiab] OR youths[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR teens[tiab] OR infant*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR "school children"[tiab] OR "school-aged"[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab] | 2,842,542
3 | 1 OR 2 | 5,125,351
4 | "Diet"[Mesh] OR "Diet Surveys"[Mesh] OR "Diet Records"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Nutrition Surveys"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Nutrition Assessment"[Mesh] OR "Nutritional Status"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Eating"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Energy Intake"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Feeding Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Food Preferences"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Exercise"[Mesh] OR "Sedentary Behavior"[Mesh] OR "Screen Time"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Accelerometry"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fitness Trackers"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Overweight"[Mesh] OR "Body Mass Index"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Waist Circumference"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Waist-Height Ratio"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Skinfold Thickness"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Anthropometry"[Mesh] OR "Body Composition"[Mesh] OR "Growth Charts"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Malnutrition"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Protein-Energy Malnutrition"[Mesh] OR "Child Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Thinness"[Mesh:NoExp] | 1,533,575
5 | "dietary intake"[tiab] OR "diet quality"[tiab] OR "dietary assessment"[tiab] OR "food intake"[tiab] OR "food frequency questionnaire*"[tiab] OR "dietary recall*"[tiab] OR "food record*"[tiab] OR "diet record*"[tiab] OR "food diary"[tiab] OR "food diaries"[tiab] OR "healthy eating index"[tiab] OR "eating habits"[tiab] OR "eating behaviour*"[tiab] OR "eating behavior*"[tiab] OR "food environment*"[tiab] OR "food availability"[tiab] OR "food parenting"[tiab] OR "feeding practices"[tiab] OR "physical activity"[tiab] OR "sedentary behaviour*"[tiab] OR "sedentary behavior*"[tiab] OR "sedentary time"[tiab] OR "screen time"[tiab] OR accelerometer*[tiab] OR accelerometry[tiab] OR pedometer*[tiab] OR "step count*"[tiab] OR "activity tracker*"[tiab] OR "activity monitor*"[tiab] OR "body mass index"[tiab] OR BMI[tiab] OR overweight[tiab] OR obesity[tiab] OR obese[tiab] OR adiposity[tiab] OR "body fat"[tiab] OR "body composition"[tiab] OR anthropometr*[tiab] OR "waist circumference"[tiab] OR "waist-to-height ratio"[tiab] OR "waist-height ratio"[tiab] OR skinfold*[tiab] OR "bioelectrical impedance"[tiab] OR "mid-upper arm circumference"[tiab] OR MUAC[tiab] OR malnutrition[tiab] OR undernutrition[tiab] OR malnourish*[tiab] OR stunting[tiab] OR stunted[tiab] OR underweight[tiab] OR thinness[tiab] OR "weight-for-height"[tiab] OR "height-for-age"[tiab] OR "nutritional status"[tiab] OR "nutritional risk"[tiab] OR "nutrition screening"[tiab] OR "nutritional screening"[tiab] OR "malnutrition screening"[tiab] | 1,216,514
6 | 4 OR 5 | 2,120,883
7 | "Reproducibility of Results"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Psychometrics"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Observer Variation"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh] OR "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Feasibility Studies"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Data Accuracy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Calibration"[Mesh:NoExp] | 1,271,375
8 | validity[tiab] OR validat*[tiab] OR reliab*[tiab] OR reproducib*[tiab] OR feasib*[tiab] OR psychometric*[tiab] OR "test-retest"[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR "inter-rater"[tiab] OR intrarater[tiab] OR "intra-rater"[tiab] OR "intraclass correlation"[tiab] OR "Bland-Altman"[tiab] OR "limits of agreement"[tiab] OR "measurement properties"[tiab] OR "measurement error"[tiab] OR "diagnostic accuracy"[tiab] OR "doubly labeled water"[tiab] OR "doubly labelled water"[tiab] | 2,745,201
9 | 7 OR 8 | 3,453,890
10 | 3 AND 6 AND 9 | 50,397
11 | "Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type] | 4,884,955
12 | 10 NOT 11 | 49,524
13 | 12 AND english[la] AND 2015:2027[dp] | 26,999

Final query as run through NCBI E-utilities (line 13):
(((("Child"[Mesh] OR "Adolescent"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Infant"[Mesh] OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Child Health"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Adolescent Health"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR (child[tiab] OR children[tiab] OR childhood[tiab] OR pediatric[tiab] OR paediatric[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR youth[tiab] OR youths[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR teens[tiab] OR infant*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR "school children"[tiab] OR "school-aged"[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab])) AND (("Diet"[Mesh] OR "Diet Surveys"[Mesh] OR "Diet Records"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Nutrition Surveys"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Nutrition Assessment"[Mesh] OR "Nutritional Status"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Eating"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Energy Intake"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Feeding Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Food Preferences"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Exercise"[Mesh] OR "Sedentary Behavior"[Mesh] OR "Screen Time"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Accelerometry"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fitness Trackers"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Overweight"[Mesh] OR "Body Mass Index"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Waist Circumference"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Waist-Height Ratio"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Skinfold Thickness"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Anthropometry"[Mesh] OR "Body Composition"[Mesh] OR "Growth Charts"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Malnutrition"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Protein-Energy Malnutrition"[Mesh] OR "Child Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Thinness"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR ("dietary intake"[tiab] OR "diet quality"[tiab] OR "dietary assessment"[tiab] OR "food intake"[tiab] OR "food frequency questionnaire*"[tiab] OR "dietary recall*"[tiab] OR "food record*"[tiab] OR "diet record*"[tiab] OR "food diary"[tiab] OR "food diaries"[tiab] OR "healthy eating index"[tiab] OR "eating habits"[tiab] OR "eating behaviour*"[tiab] OR "eating behavior*"[tiab] OR "food environment*"[tiab] OR "food availability"[tiab] OR "food parenting"[tiab] OR "feeding practices"[tiab] OR "physical activity"[tiab] OR "sedentary behaviour*"[tiab] OR "sedentary behavior*"[tiab] OR "sedentary time"[tiab] OR "screen time"[tiab] OR accelerometer*[tiab] OR accelerometry[tiab] OR pedometer*[tiab] OR "step count*"[tiab] OR "activity tracker*"[tiab] OR "activity monitor*"[tiab] OR "body mass index"[tiab] OR BMI[tiab] OR overweight[tiab] OR obesity[tiab] OR obese[tiab] OR adiposity[tiab] OR "body fat"[tiab] OR "body composition"[tiab] OR anthropometr*[tiab] OR "waist circumference"[tiab] OR "waist-to-height ratio"[tiab] OR "waist-height ratio"[tiab] OR skinfold*[tiab] OR "bioelectrical impedance"[tiab] OR "mid-upper arm circumference"[tiab] OR MUAC[tiab] OR malnutrition[tiab] OR undernutrition[tiab] OR malnourish*[tiab] OR stunting[tiab] OR stunted[tiab] OR underweight[tiab] OR thinness[tiab] OR "weight-for-height"[tiab] OR "height-for-age"[tiab] OR "nutritional status"[tiab] OR "nutritional risk"[tiab] OR "nutrition screening"[tiab] OR "nutritional screening"[tiab] OR "malnutrition screening"[tiab])) AND (("Reproducibility of Results"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Psychometrics"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Observer Variation"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh] OR "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Feasibility Studies"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Data Accuracy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Calibration"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR (validity[tiab] OR validat*[tiab] OR reliab*[tiab] OR reproducib*[tiab] OR feasib*[tiab] OR psychometric*[tiab] OR "test-retest"[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR "inter-rater"[tiab] OR intrarater[tiab] OR "intra-rater"[tiab] OR "intraclass correlation"[tiab] OR "Bland-Altman"[tiab] OR "limits of agreement"[tiab] OR "measurement properties"[tiab] OR "measurement error"[tiab] OR "diagnostic accuracy"[tiab] OR "doubly labeled water"[tiab] OR "doubly labelled water"[tiab]))) NOT ("Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND 2015:2027[dp]

AI-use statement:
The PubMed search strategy was drafted with the PICO search builder. It used the large language model claude-opus-5-5 (Anthropic; accessed October 28, 2026) to propose search concepts and terms from the review question. The tool made 1 call to the model at high effort (the draft); claude-opus-5-5 was requested and answered it. A refusal fallback was enabled (had the model declined a request, the API could have run it again on another model Anthropic recommends); it was not used. Every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type the strategy searches was checked against NLM MeSH (id.nlm.nih.gov) before use: 46 valid. Each numbered line was run in PubMed through NCBI E-utilities on October 28, 2026, and PubMed's own diagnostics (phrases not found, ignored words, lost truncation) were checked. A searcher must review the strategy before it is used. The prompts, the model output and every version are in the provenance file (JSON export).

Review question: In children and adolescents under 18 years, what measures of nutrition (dietary intake, diet quality, the home food environment), physical activity, and obesity or malnutrition (such as BMI and other anthropometric indices) have been developed or tested for validity, reliability or feasibility, and how do these measures compare with one another? Include studies from any setting, so that measures that could be used in primary care are not missed.
Run ae86b62b-527f-45b4-ba0b-f9b9873da1df, exported October 29, 2026 from the PICO search builder.