{ "schema": "picoportal.search-run-provenance/1", "exportedAt": "2026-10-29T13:20:09.596Z", "tool": { "name": "PICO search builder", "database": "PubMed via NCBI E-utilities", "vocabulary": "NLM MeSH via id.nlm.nih.gov" }, "aiUse": { "modelsServed": [ "claude-opus-5-5" ], "statement": "The PubMed search strategy was drafted with the PICO search builder. It used the large language model claude-opus-5-5 (Anthropic; accessed October 28, 2026) to propose search concepts and terms from the review question. The tool made 1 call to the model at high effort (the draft); claude-opus-5-5 was requested and answered it. A refusal fallback was enabled (had the model declined a request, the API could have run it again on another model Anthropic recommends); it was not used. Every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type the strategy searches was checked against NLM MeSH (id.nlm.nih.gov) before use: 11 valid. Each numbered line was run in PubMed through NCBI E-utilities on October 28, 2026, and PubMed's own diagnostics (phrases not found, ignored words, lost truncation) were checked. The strategy was tested against 1 known relevant study that was not shown to the model: 1 was retrieved (95% CI 3%–100%). Retrieving known studies does not prove the search is complete. A searcher must review the strategy before it is used. The prompts, the model output and every version are in the provenance file (JSON export)." }, "run": { "id": "b75c667c-ba16-4443-b43a-c9a6459e733a", "kind": "question", "status": "done", "stage": "saving", "question": "Search terms included ‘transcatheter aortic valve replacement’ or ‘transcatheter aortic valve implantation’ or ‘TAVR’ or ‘TAVI’ and ‘transfemoral’ or ‘subclavian’ or ‘transsubclavian’ or ‘axillary’ or ‘transaxillary’ or ‘carotid’ or ‘transcarotid’ or ‘cava’ or ‘caval’ or ‘transcaval’.", "input": { "seeds": [ "10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.015" ], "limits": { "dateTo": "2027", "dateFrom": "2022/07/01", "languages": [ "english" ], "humansOnly": false, "excludePublicationTypes": [ { "label": "Comment", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Editorial", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Letter", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Case Reports", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Preprint", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } } ] }, "question": "Search terms included ‘transcatheter aortic valve replacement’ or ‘transcatheter aortic valve implantation’ or ‘TAVR’ or ‘TAVI’ and ‘transfemoral’ or ‘subclavian’ or ‘transsubclavian’ or ‘axillary’ or ‘transaxillary’ or ‘carotid’ or ‘transcarotid’ or ‘cava’ or ‘caval’ or ‘transcaval’.", "referenceStrategy": null }, "strategy": { "notes": [ "The question lists search terms rather than a formal question; I assumed the review concerns TAVR access routes (transfemoral and the alternative subclavian/axillary, carotid and transcaval routes) and combined the two term groups with AND.", "The bare words carotid, axillary, subclavian, cava and caval were kept because the searcher named them; carotid in particular will also find TAVR studies that only mention carotid disease or stroke, so expect some screening noise.", "I added umbrella phrases (alternative access, non-femoral, non-transfemoral, access route*) for sensitivity; remove them if only the named routes are wanted.", "Transapical and direct aortic (transaortic) access were not named by the searcher and were left out; add transapical and transaortic as text words if those routes are in scope.", "The access-artery MeSH headings are not restricted to major topic because they are usually assigned as minor headings on TAVR records." ], "blocks": [ { "key": "tavr", "role": "intervention", "label": "Transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation", "terms": [ { "id": "tavr-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "The specific heading for TAVR/TAVI; not restricted to major topic so that access-route studies indexed with it as a minor heading are kept.", "validation": { "ui": "D065467", "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "tavr-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valv", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Covers transcatheter aortic valve replacement, implantation, valves and valve-in-valve in one truncated phrase." }, { "id": "tavr-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's first term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve implantation", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's second term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVR", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher." }, { "id": "tavr-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVI", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher; truncation also finds TAVIs." }, { "id": "tavr-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic", "fields": [ "ti" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": 2, "rationale": "Catches title wordings such as transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis or transcatheter aortic prosthesis." }, { "id": "tavr-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "percutaneous aortic valve", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Older synonym for TAVR still used by some authors." } ], "required": true }, { "key": "access", "role": "exposure", "label": "Vascular access route", "terms": [ { "id": "access-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Femoral Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for transfemoral access.", "validation": { "ui": "D005263", "label": "Femoral Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-1", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Subclavian Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for subclavian/transsubclavian access.", "validation": { "ui": "D013348", "label": "Subclavian Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-2", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Axillary Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for axillary/transaxillary access.", "validation": { "ui": "D001366", "label": "Axillary Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-3", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Carotid Arteries", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for carotid/transcarotid access; exploded to include the common carotid artery.", "validation": { "ui": "D002339", "label": "Carotid Arteries", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-4", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for caval/transcaval access.", "validation": { "ui": "D014682", "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for the standard femoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read by PubMed as a separate phrase from transfemoral." }, { "id": "access-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Common wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral approach", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Alternative wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for subclavian access." }, { "id": "access-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transsubclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans subclavian." }, { "id": "access-text-7", "kind": "text", "text": "axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for axillary access." }, { "id": "access-text-8", "kind": "text", "text": "transaxillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-9", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans axillary." }, { "id": "access-text-10", "kind": "text", "text": "carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for carotid access." }, { "id": "access-text-11", "kind": "text", "text": "transcarotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-12", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans carotid." }, { "id": "access-text-13", "kind": "text", "text": "cava", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term, capturing vena cava access." }, { "id": "access-text-14", "kind": "text", "text": "caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for caval access." }, { "id": "access-text-15", "kind": "text", "text": "transcaval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-16", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans caval." }, { "id": "access-text-17", "kind": "text", "text": "alternative access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella phrase for non-femoral routes, used in comparisons that may not name each route in title or abstract." }, { "id": "access-text-18", "kind": "text", "text": "non-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-19", "kind": "text", "text": "nonfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling of non-femoral." }, { "id": "access-text-20", "kind": "text", "text": "non-transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-21", "kind": "text", "text": "access route", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Generic phrase for studies comparing TAVR access routes." }, { "id": "access-mesh-0-et1", "kind": "text", "text": "Common Femoral Artery", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "mesh_entry_term", "enabled": false, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Narrower concept under the MeSH heading \"Femoral Artery\" (D005263)" } ], "required": true } ], "limits": { "dateTo": "2027", "dateFrom": "2022/07/01", "languages": [ "english" ], "humansOnly": false, "excludePublicationTypes": [ { "label": "Comment", "validation": { "ui": "D016420", "label": "Comment", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Editorial", "validation": { "ui": "D016421", "label": "Editorial", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Letter", "validation": { "ui": "D016422", "label": "Letter", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Case Reports", "validation": { "ui": "D002363", "label": "Case Reports", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Preprint", "validation": { "ui": "D000076942", "label": "Preprint", "status": "valid" } } ] }, "schema": "picoportal.search-strategy/1", "question": "Search terms included ‘transcatheter aortic valve replacement’ or ‘transcatheter aortic valve implantation’ or ‘TAVR’ or ‘TAVI’ and ‘transfemoral’ or ‘subclavian’ or ‘transsubclavian’ or ‘axillary’ or ‘transaxillary’ or ‘carotid’ or ‘transcarotid’ or ‘cava’ or ‘caval’ or ‘transcaval’.", "objective": "To identify studies of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI) that report on the vascular access route used: transfemoral, or the alternative routes subclavian/axillary, carotid, or transcaval." }, "lines": [ { "no": 1, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 14336, "query": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]", "issues": [], "display": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]", "termIds": [ "tavr-mesh-0" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:21.456Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 2, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 15143, "query": "\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]", "issues": [], "display": "\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]", "termIds": [ "tavr-text-5" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:20.796Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 3, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 24706, "query": "\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]", "issues": [], "display": "\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]", "termIds": [ "tavr-text-0", "tavr-text-3", "tavr-text-4", "tavr-text-6" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:21.137Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 4, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 8882, "query": "\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot]", "issues": [], "display": "\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot]", "termIds": [ "tavr-text-1", "tavr-text-2" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:24.457Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 5, "kind": "block", "refs": [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "count": 26126, "query": "(\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])", "issues": [], "display": "1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4", "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:22.138Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR \"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 6, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 123573, "query": "\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]", "issues": [], "display": "\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]", "termIds": [ "access-mesh-0", "access-mesh-1", "access-mesh-2", "access-mesh-3", "access-mesh-4" ], "blockKey": "access", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:22.455Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 7, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 276535, "query": "transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]", "issues": [], "display": "transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]", "termIds": [ "access-text-0", "access-text-1", "access-text-2", "access-text-3", "access-text-4", "access-text-5", "access-text-6", "access-text-7", "access-text-8", "access-text-9", "access-text-10", "access-text-11", "access-text-12", "access-text-13", "access-text-14", "access-text-15", "access-text-16", "access-text-17", "access-text-18", "access-text-19", "access-text-20", "access-text-21" ], "blockKey": "access", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:22.821Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 8, "kind": "block", "refs": [ 6, 7 ], "count": 323407, "query": "(\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab])", "issues": [], "display": "6 OR 7", "blockKey": "access", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:23.164Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 9, "kind": "combine", "refs": [ 5, 8 ], "count": 3940, "query": "((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])) AND ((\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))", "issues": [], "display": "5 AND 8", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:23.491Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "(\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]) OR (\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term])) AND (\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]))", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 10, "kind": "exclude", "refs": [], "count": 4884955, "query": "\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type]", "issues": [], "display": "\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type]", "countedAt": 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\"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])", "issues": [], "display": "9 NOT 10", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:23.836Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]) OR (\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term])) AND (\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 12, "kind": "limits", "refs": [ 11 ], "count": 919, "query": "((((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])) AND ((\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND (\"2022/07/01\"[dp] : \"2027/12/31\"[dp])", "issues": [], "display": "11 AND english[la] AND (\"2022/07/01\"[dp] : \"2027/12/31\"[dp])", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:26.180Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "(((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]) OR (\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term])) AND (\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])) AND \"english\"[Language] AND 2022/07/01:2027/12/31[Date - Publication]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } } ], "finalQuery": "((((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])) AND ((\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND (\"2022/07/01\"[dp] : \"2027/12/31\"[dp])", "finalCount": 919, "issues": [ { "code": "language_limit", "level": "warning", "message": "Language limit (english): it can remove relevant studies; report and justify it." }, { "code": "publication_type_limit", "level": "warning", "message": "Publication types excluded with NOT (Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint): report and justify the exclusion." }, { "code": "no_development_seeds", "level": "info", "message": "With fewer than 6 known studies matched to PubMed records (1 matched), all are kept for validation and none is shown to the model." } ], "recall": { "k": 1, "n": 1, "lower": 0.025, "seeds": [ { "pmid": "37116649", "role": "validation", "input": "10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.015", "retrieved": true, "resolvedBy": "doi" } ], "upper": 1 }, "seeds": [ { "pmid": "37116649", "role": "validation", "input": "10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.015", "resolvedBy": "doi" } ], "reference": null, "records": [ { "pmid": "42941432", "year": "2026", "title": "Early and Long-Term Results of 101 Consecutive Patients After Transcarotid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.", "authors": "Hudziak D, Gruz-Kwapisz M, Parma R et al.", "journal": "Journal of clinical medicine", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42941394", "year": "2026", "title": "Rapidly Reversible Monitored Anesthesia Care with Remimazolam and Flumazenil Reversal for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial.", "authors": "Kitaura A, Mino T, Yoshino Y et al.", "journal": "Journal of clinical medicine", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42936101", "year": "2026", "title": "Clinical Outcomes of Concurrent Impella-Assisted High-Risk PCI and TAVR in Patients With Complex Coronary Artery Disease and Severe Aortic Stenosis.", "authors": "Rivera FB, Ingraham B, Di Santo P et al.", "journal": "Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42933524", "year": "2026", "title": "Lifetime Management of Aortic Stenosis: Expert Review of Evidence and Consensus Guidelines.", "authors": "Centofanti P, Rinaldi M, Di Eusanio M et al.", "journal": "The Annals of thoracic surgery", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ] }, { "pmid": "42924251", "year": "2026", "title": "A semi-rapid deployment workflow to reduce device time in Evolut FX self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve implantation.", "authors": "Doi S, Iwata H, Sato E et al.", "journal": "AsiaIntervention", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42923763", "year": "2026", "title": "Dedicated versus off-label transcatheter devices for pure native aortic regurgitation via transfemoral access: a meta-analysis of contemporary outcomes.", "authors": "Hon JJ, Egrilmezer A, Hon JKF", "journal": "AsiaIntervention", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42920634", "year": "2026", "title": "Temporal changes in dilated ascending aorta after transfemoral TAVR: a comparative analysis of bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves.", "authors": "Xu Q, Xu Z, Dai X et al.", "journal": "Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42904374", "year": "2026", "title": "Early and Mid-Term Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Five-Year Experience from the KOSUTAVI Study.", "authors": "Zehir R, Alizade E, Usalp S et al.", "journal": "Anatolian journal of cardiology", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42897923", "year": "2026", "title": "Ultrasound-Guided versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Femoral Access for Structural Heart Procedures: Outcomes From Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Left Atrial Appendage Closure.", "authors": "Kıvrak A, Sezer C, Canpolat U et al.", "journal": "Anatolian journal of cardiology", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42887713", "year": "2026", "title": "Transcarotid Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With the Evolut Self-Expanding Valve: Outcomes from a Real-World Registry.", "authors": "Allen KB, Huded C, Cohen DJ et al.", "journal": "The Annals of thoracic surgery", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42876001", "year": "2026", "title": "Short-Term Complications of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PROLONG-TAVR).", "authors": "Castillo-Perez M, León-Gutiérrez H, Jerjes-Sánchez C et al.", "journal": "Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ] }, { "pmid": "42875325", "year": "2026", "title": "Short-frame, self-expanding, fully recapturable transcatheter aortic valve replacement device in pure aortic regurgitation: Procedural performance and 30-day outcomes.", "authors": "Yan H, Li Y, Wan W et al.", "journal": "Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42870852", "year": "2026", "title": "Surgery that looks like transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the transaxillary concept for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement in 1,848 consecutive patients.", "authors": "Arzt S, Alexiou K, Taghizadeh-Waghefi A et al.", "journal": "Annals of cardiothoracic surgery", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42857632", "year": "2026", "title": "Enhanced recovery after surgery turnkey order set for periprocedural care of the patient undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.", "authors": "Engelman DT, Ailawadi G, Russo MJ et al.", "journal": "JTCVS structural and endovascular", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42825221", "year": "2026", "title": "Age-Related Excessive Tortuosity of the Right Brachiocephalic Artery in Patients Being Evaluated for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Potential to Affect Alternate Access.", "authors": "Girgis K, Gupta PK, Retcho D et al.", "journal": "Cureus", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42821072", "year": "2026", "title": "Peripheral vessel tortuosity index and prognosis in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.", "authors": "Alvarez-Covarrubias HA, Jurisic M, Seguchi M et al.", "journal": "Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42814485", "year": "2026", "title": "SAFE-SEAL: a bail-out technique for percutaneous femoral closure after failed hybrid closure.", "authors": "Angelillis M, Misuraca L, Calabria P et al.", "journal": "The Journal of invasive cardiology", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42805726", "year": "2026", "title": "Transfemoral TAVR With a 35-mm Myval Valve in an Extremely Large Aortic Annulus Using Intentional Undersizing.", "authors": "Magyari B, Kittka B, Goják I et al.", "journal": "JACC. Cardiovascular interventions", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42795954", "year": "2026", "title": "Remimazolam Versus Dexmedetomidine for Monitored Anesthesia Care in Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.", "authors": "Hyung SW, Choi M, Chung MY et al.", "journal": "Journal of clinical medicine", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42795392", "year": "2026", "title": "Enabling Transfemoral TAVI Through a Hostile Abdominal Aortic Anatomy and a Migrated Mesenteric Stent Fragment: Review of the Literature and a Case Presentation.", "authors": "Parasca CA, Radulescu CI, Platon P et al.", "journal": "Life (Basel, Switzerland)", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ] } ], "error": null, "createdAt": "2026-10-28T23:43:40.256Z", "finishedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:27.234Z", "versionNo": 1 }, "versions": [ { "versionNo": 1, "createdBy": "ai", "strategy": { "notes": [ "The question lists search terms rather than a formal question; I assumed the review concerns TAVR access routes (transfemoral and the alternative subclavian/axillary, carotid and transcaval routes) and combined the two term groups with AND.", "The bare words carotid, axillary, subclavian, cava and caval were kept because the searcher named them; carotid in particular will also find TAVR studies that only mention carotid disease or stroke, so expect some screening noise.", "I added umbrella phrases (alternative access, non-femoral, non-transfemoral, access route*) for sensitivity; remove them if only the named routes are wanted.", "Transapical and direct aortic (transaortic) access were not named by the searcher and were left out; add transapical and transaortic as text words if those routes are in scope.", "The access-artery MeSH headings are not restricted to major topic because they are usually assigned as minor headings on TAVR records." ], "blocks": [ { "key": "tavr", "role": "intervention", "label": "Transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation", "terms": [ { "id": "tavr-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "The specific heading for TAVR/TAVI; not restricted to major topic so that access-route studies indexed with it as a minor heading are kept.", "validation": { "ui": "D065467", "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "tavr-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valv", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Covers transcatheter aortic valve replacement, implantation, valves and valve-in-valve in one truncated phrase." }, { "id": "tavr-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's first term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve implantation", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's second term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVR", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher." }, { "id": "tavr-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVI", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher; truncation also finds TAVIs." }, { "id": "tavr-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic", "fields": [ "ti" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": 2, "rationale": "Catches title wordings such as transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis or transcatheter aortic prosthesis." }, { "id": "tavr-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "percutaneous aortic valve", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Older synonym for TAVR still used by some authors." } ], "required": true }, { "key": "access", "role": "exposure", "label": "Vascular access route", "terms": [ { "id": "access-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Femoral Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for transfemoral access.", "validation": { "ui": "D005263", "label": "Femoral Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-1", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Subclavian Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for subclavian/transsubclavian access.", "validation": { "ui": "D013348", "label": "Subclavian Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-2", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Axillary Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for axillary/transaxillary access.", "validation": { "ui": "D001366", "label": "Axillary Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-3", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Carotid Arteries", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for carotid/transcarotid access; exploded to include the common carotid artery.", "validation": { "ui": "D002339", "label": "Carotid Arteries", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-4", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for caval/transcaval access.", "validation": { "ui": "D014682", "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for the standard femoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read by PubMed as a separate phrase from transfemoral." }, { "id": "access-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Common wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral approach", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Alternative wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for subclavian access." }, { "id": "access-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transsubclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans subclavian." }, { "id": "access-text-7", "kind": "text", "text": "axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for axillary access." }, { "id": "access-text-8", "kind": "text", "text": "transaxillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-9", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans axillary." }, { "id": "access-text-10", "kind": "text", "text": "carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for carotid access." }, { "id": "access-text-11", "kind": "text", "text": "transcarotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-12", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans carotid." }, { "id": "access-text-13", "kind": "text", "text": "cava", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term, capturing vena cava access." }, { "id": "access-text-14", "kind": "text", "text": "caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for caval access." }, { "id": "access-text-15", "kind": "text", "text": "transcaval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-16", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans caval." }, { "id": "access-text-17", "kind": "text", "text": "alternative access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella phrase for non-femoral routes, used in comparisons that may not name each route in title or abstract." }, { "id": "access-text-18", "kind": "text", "text": "non-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-19", "kind": "text", "text": "nonfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling of non-femoral." }, { "id": "access-text-20", "kind": "text", "text": "non-transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-21", "kind": "text", "text": "access route", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Generic phrase for studies comparing TAVR access routes." }, { "id": "access-mesh-0-et1", "kind": "text", "text": "Common Femoral Artery", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "mesh_entry_term", "enabled": false, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Narrower concept under the MeSH heading \"Femoral Artery\" (D005263)" } ], "required": true } ], "limits": { "dateTo": "2027", "dateFrom": "2022/07/01", "languages": [ "english" ], "humansOnly": false, "excludePublicationTypes": [ { "label": "Comment", "validation": { "ui": "D016420", "label": "Comment", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Editorial", "validation": { "ui": "D016421", "label": "Editorial", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Letter", "validation": { "ui": "D016422", "label": "Letter", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Case Reports", "validation": { "ui": "D002363", "label": "Case Reports", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Preprint", "validation": { "ui": "D000076942", "label": "Preprint", "status": "valid" } } ] }, "schema": "picoportal.search-strategy/1", "question": "Search terms included ‘transcatheter aortic valve replacement’ or ‘transcatheter aortic valve implantation’ or ‘TAVR’ or ‘TAVI’ and ‘transfemoral’ or ‘subclavian’ or ‘transsubclavian’ or ‘axillary’ or ‘transaxillary’ or ‘carotid’ or ‘transcarotid’ or ‘cava’ or ‘caval’ or ‘transcaval’.", "objective": "To identify studies of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI) that report on the vascular access route used: transfemoral, or the alternative routes subclavian/axillary, carotid, or transcaval." }, "lines": [ { "no": 1, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 14336, "query": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]", "issues": [], "display": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]", "termIds": [ "tavr-mesh-0" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:21.456Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 2, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 15143, "query": "\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]", "issues": [], "display": "\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]", "termIds": [ "tavr-text-5" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:20.796Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 3, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 24706, "query": "\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]", "issues": [], "display": "\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]", "termIds": [ "tavr-text-0", "tavr-text-3", "tavr-text-4", "tavr-text-6" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:21.137Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 4, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 8882, "query": "\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot]", "issues": [], "display": "\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot]", "termIds": [ "tavr-text-1", "tavr-text-2" ], "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:24.457Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 5, "kind": "block", "refs": [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "count": 26126, "query": "(\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])", "issues": [], "display": "1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4", "blockKey": "tavr", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:22.138Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR \"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 6, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 123573, "query": "\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]", "issues": [], "display": "\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]", "termIds": [ "access-mesh-0", "access-mesh-1", "access-mesh-2", "access-mesh-3", "access-mesh-4" ], "blockKey": "access", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:22.455Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 7, "kind": "terms", "refs": [], "count": 276535, "query": "transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]", "issues": [], "display": "transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]", "termIds": [ "access-text-0", "access-text-1", "access-text-2", "access-text-3", "access-text-4", "access-text-5", "access-text-6", "access-text-7", "access-text-8", "access-text-9", "access-text-10", "access-text-11", "access-text-12", "access-text-13", "access-text-14", "access-text-15", "access-text-16", "access-text-17", "access-text-18", "access-text-19", "access-text-20", "access-text-21" ], "blockKey": "access", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:22.821Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 8, "kind": "block", "refs": [ 6, 7 ], "count": 323407, "query": "(\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab])", "issues": [], "display": "6 OR 7", "blockKey": "access", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:23.164Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 9, "kind": "combine", "refs": [ 5, 8 ], "count": 3940, "query": "((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])) AND ((\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))", "issues": [], "display": "5 AND 8", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:23.491Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "(\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]) OR (\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term])) AND (\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]))", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 10, "kind": "exclude", "refs": [], "count": 4884955, "query": "\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type]", "issues": [], "display": "\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type]", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T18:00:07.644Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 11, "kind": "not", "refs": [ 9, 10 ], "count": 2992, "query": "(((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])) AND ((\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])", "issues": [], "display": "9 NOT 10", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:23.836Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]) OR (\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term])) AND (\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } }, { "no": 12, "kind": "limits", "refs": [ 11 ], "count": 919, "query": "((((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])) AND ((\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND (\"2022/07/01\"[dp] : \"2027/12/31\"[dp])", "issues": [], "display": "11 AND english[la] AND (\"2022/07/01\"[dp] : \"2027/12/31\"[dp])", "countedAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:26.180Z", "diagnostics": { "fieldsNotFound": [], "outputMessages": [], "phrasesIgnored": [], "translationSet": [], "phrasesNotFound": [], "queryTranslation": "(((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"transcatheter aortic\"[Title:~2] OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"TAVR\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"tavi*\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[Title/Abstract]) OR (\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Other Term] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[Other Term])) AND (\"Femoral Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"vena cava, inferior\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"femoral approach\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transsubclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transaxillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-axillary\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcarotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-carotid\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"cava\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"transcaval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"trans-caval\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"alternative access\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-femoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"nonfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"access route*\"[Title/Abstract]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])) AND \"english\"[Language] AND 2022/07/01:2027/12/31[Date - Publication]", "quotedPhrasesNotFound": [] } } ], "finalQuery": "((((\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\"[Mesh]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic\"[ti:~2]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valv*\"[tiab] OR TAVR[tiab] OR TAVI*[tiab] OR \"percutaneous aortic valve*\"[tiab]) OR (\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\"[ot] OR \"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\"[ot])) AND ((\"Femoral Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Subclavian Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Axillary Artery\"[Mesh] OR \"Carotid Arteries\"[Mesh] OR \"Vena Cava, Inferior\"[Mesh]) OR (transfemoral[tiab] OR \"trans-femoral\"[tiab] OR \"femoral access\"[tiab] OR \"femoral approach\"[tiab] OR subclavian[tiab] OR transsubclavian[tiab] OR \"trans-subclavian\"[tiab] OR axillary[tiab] OR transaxillary[tiab] OR \"trans-axillary\"[tiab] OR carotid[tiab] OR transcarotid[tiab] OR \"trans-carotid\"[tiab] OR cava[tiab] OR caval[tiab] OR transcaval[tiab] OR \"trans-caval\"[tiab] OR \"alternative access\"[tiab] OR \"non-femoral\"[tiab] OR nonfemoral[tiab] OR \"non-transfemoral\"[tiab] OR \"access route*\"[tiab]))) NOT (\"Comment\"[Publication Type] OR \"Editorial\"[Publication Type] OR \"Letter\"[Publication Type] OR \"Case Reports\"[Publication Type] OR \"Preprint\"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND (\"2022/07/01\"[dp] : \"2027/12/31\"[dp])", "finalCount": 919, "createdAt": "2026-10-28T23:44:26.192Z" } ], "llmCalls": [ { "kind": "draft", "user": "\nSearch terms included ‘transcatheter aortic valve replacement’ or ‘transcatheter aortic valve implantation’ or ‘TAVR’ or ‘TAVI’ and ‘transfemoral’ or ‘subclavian’ or ‘transsubclavian’ or ‘axillary’ or ‘transaxillary’ or ‘carotid’ or ‘transcarotid’ or ‘cava’ or ‘caval’ or ‘transcaval’.\n\n\n\nLanguages: english, applied by the tool\nPublication dates: 2022/07/01 to 2027, applied by the tool\nPublication types: the searcher excludes Comment; Editorial; Letter; Case Reports; Preprint, applied by the tool. This choice is final: suggest no publication types, and do not write a note about them.\nHumans only: no\n\n\n\nNo example articles were supplied.\n\n\nReturn the proposal as JSON that matches the schema.", "usage": { "speed": "standard", "iterations": [ { "type": "message", "model": null, "input_tokens": 348, "output_tokens": 4272, "cache_creation": { "ephemeral_1h_input_tokens": 0, "ephemeral_5m_input_tokens": 5540 }, "cache_read_input_tokens": 0, "cache_creation_input_tokens": 5540 } ], "input_tokens": 348, "service_tier": "standard", "inference_geo": "global", "output_tokens": 4272, "cache_creation": { "ephemeral_1h_input_tokens": 0, "ephemeral_5m_input_tokens": 5540 }, "output_tokens_details": { "thinking_tokens": 1528 }, "cache_read_input_tokens": 0, "cache_creation_input_tokens": 5540 }, "effort": "high", "parsed": { "pico": { "design": null, "outcome": null, "comparator": "Other access routes, e.g. transfemoral versus alternative access", "population": "Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI)", "interventionOrExposure": "Vascular access route for TAVR: transfemoral, subclavian/transsubclavian, axillary/transaxillary, carotid/transcarotid, or caval/transcaval" }, "notes": [ "The question lists search terms rather than a formal question; I assumed the review concerns TAVR access routes (transfemoral and the alternative subclavian/axillary, carotid and transcaval routes) and combined the two term groups with AND.", "The bare words carotid, axillary, subclavian, cava and caval were kept because the searcher named them; carotid in particular will also find TAVR studies that only mention carotid disease or stroke, so expect some screening noise.", "I added umbrella phrases (alternative access, non-femoral, non-transfemoral, access route*) for sensitivity; remove them if only the named routes are wanted.", "Transapical and direct aortic (transaortic) access were not named by the searcher and were left out; add transapical and transaortic as text words if those routes are in scope.", "The access-artery MeSH headings are not restricted to major topic because they are usually assigned as minor headings on TAVR records." ], "concepts": [ { "key": "tavr", "scr": [], "mesh": [ { "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "major": false, "explode": true, "rationale": "The specific heading for TAVR/TAVI; not restricted to major topic so that access-route studies indexed with it as a minor heading are kept." } ], "role": "intervention", "text": [ { "text": "transcatheter aortic valv", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Covers transcatheter aortic valve replacement, implantation, valves and valve-in-valve in one truncated phrase." }, { "text": "transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "fields": [ "ot" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's first term." }, { "text": "transcatheter aortic valve implantation", "fields": [ "ot" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's second term." }, { "text": "TAVR", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher." }, { "text": "TAVI", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher; truncation also finds TAVIs." }, { "text": "transcatheter aortic", "fields": [ "ti" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": 2, "rationale": "Catches title wordings such as transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis or transcatheter aortic prosthesis." }, { "text": "percutaneous aortic valve", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Older synonym for TAVR still used by some authors." } ], "label": "Transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation", "required": true }, { "key": "access", "scr": [], "mesh": [ { "label": "Femoral Artery", "major": false, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for transfemoral access." }, { "label": "Subclavian Artery", "major": false, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for subclavian/transsubclavian access." }, { "label": "Axillary Artery", "major": false, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for axillary/transaxillary access." }, { "label": "Carotid Arteries", "major": false, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for carotid/transcarotid access; exploded to include the common carotid artery." }, { "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "major": false, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for caval/transcaval access." } ], "role": "exposure", "text": [ { "text": "transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for the standard femoral route." }, { "text": "trans-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read by PubMed as a separate phrase from transfemoral." }, { "text": "femoral access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Common wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "text": "femoral approach", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Alternative wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "text": "subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for subclavian access." }, { "text": "transsubclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "text": "trans-subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans subclavian." }, { "text": "axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for axillary access." }, { "text": "transaxillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "text": "trans-axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans axillary." }, { "text": "carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for carotid access." }, { "text": "transcarotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "text": "trans-carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans carotid." }, { "text": "cava", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term, capturing vena cava access." }, { "text": "caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for caval access." }, { "text": "transcaval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "text": "trans-caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans caval." }, { "text": "alternative access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella phrase for non-femoral routes, used in comparisons that may not name each route in title or abstract." }, { "text": "non-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "text": "nonfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling of non-femoral." }, { "text": "non-transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "text": "access route", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Generic phrase for studies comparing TAVR access routes." } ], "label": "Vascular access route", "required": true } ], "objective": "To identify studies of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI) that report on the vascular access route used: transfemoral, or the alternative routes subclavian/axillary, carotid, or transcaval.", "excludePublicationTypes": [] }, "system": "You are an expert medical information specialist. You design PubMed search strategies for systematic reviews in the house style of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) evidence reviews. You answer with one JSON object that matches the supplied schema. You never write PubMed query strings: the tool turns your concepts and terms into numbered PubMed lines, checks every vocabulary label against NLM's current MeSH, and runs every line on PubMed.\n\n# How the tool uses your terms\n\n- Each concept becomes a block. A block's terms are ORed. Required blocks are ANDed in the order you give them. Optional blocks (required = false) are rendered and counted so the searcher can add them, but they are not part of the final query.\n- A block's MeSH headings and Supplementary Concepts share one line. Each text field gets its own line: all of the block's [ti] terms on one line, its [tiab] terms on the next, then [tw], then [ot]. A text term with several fields appears on each of those lines.\n- Every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type is looked up in NLM's MeSH. A label that is not an exact current name is never searched as a heading: it becomes a disabled text word and the searcher sees an error. An entry term is relabelled to its preferred heading.\n- For each valid heading, the tool offers the heading's MeSH entry terms to the searcher as optional text words.\n- Every line is run on PubMed. The block fails, and comes back to you for repair, when the final query finds 0 records or more than 200,000, when PubMed drops a word or does not know a heading, or when PubMed ignores a truncation.\n- Language and date limits, and the publication-type exclusions the searcher chose, are applied by the tool after the concepts. Never encode them as concepts or terms.\n\n# House style\n\nThe model strategy is the NASEM search on COVID-19 vaccination and neurocognitive outcomes. It has three required blocks, in this order: the condition (COVID-19, including long COVID and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children), the outcome domain that defines the review (cognition and neurological function), and the exposure (COVID-19 vaccination). Each block is built the same way:\n\n1. Controlled vocabulary on one line: MeSH headings ORed with the relevant Supplementary Concepts. For example COVID-19[Majr] OR \"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome\"[Majr] OR \"pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease, COVID-19 related\"[Supplementary Concept], and \"COVID-19 Vaccines\"[Majr] OR \"Vaccination\"[Majr] OR \"Breakthrough Infections\"[Majr] OR \"COVID-19 breakthrough infections\"[Supplementary Concept].\n2. Title words: the headings' entry terms, with their spelling and word-order variants and joined forms, as phrases in [ti]. For example \"SARS-CoV-2 Infection\"[ti], \"COVID19\"[ti], \"Coronavirus Disease 2019\"[ti], \"Long COVID\"[ti], \"Post-COVID Conditions\"[ti], \"SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine\"[ti].\n3. [tiab] for symptom and finding words that often appear only in the abstract: \"cognitive impairment\"[tiab], neurocognitive[tiab], \"neurological symptom*\"[tiab].\n4. [ot] for author keywords, repeating the outcome and exposure [ti] words: cognition[ot], \"executive function\"[ot], vaccination[ot], \"breakthrough infection*\"[ot].\n5. [tw] for a distinctive multi-word name that has no heading of its own: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children[tw].\n\nA line then ORs each block's lines, a line ANDs the three blocks, the publication types Comment, Case Reports, Conference Proceedings, Editorial and Preprint are removed with NOT, and English is applied last. The final query found about 500 records.\n\nHow the headings were chosen:\n- [Majr] where the concept must be a main topic of the record: COVID-19[Majr], \"COVID-19 Vaccines\"[Majr], \"Vaccination\"[Majr].\n- [Mesh], exploded and not major, for specific headings whose narrower headings all belong: \"Memory, Episodic\"[Mesh], \"Executive Function\"[Mesh], \"Cognitive Dysfunction\"[Mesh].\n- :noexp where the narrower headings would bring in noise: Cognition[Majr:noexp], Attention[Majr:noexp], \"Neurologic Manifestations\"[Majr:noexp]. The wanted narrower headings were then listed one by one.\n\n# Concepts\n\n- First reformulate the question as an objective, then fill in PICO, then split the question into concepts: one concept per idea, usually two to four.\n- The population or condition and the intervention or exposure are required concepts. Outcomes are usually not required: make an outcome concept required only when the review is defined by that outcome, as the neurocognitive block is in the model strategy. Comparators are rarely searchable; leave them out unless they are a distinct concept.\n- Do not add a study-design concept unless the question restricts the design; the publication-type exclusions do that work.\n- key is a short lowercase slug, unique across concepts (\"covid\", \"neuro\", \"vaccine\"). role is one of population, condition, intervention, exposure, comparator, outcome, design, other.\n\n# Controlled vocabulary\n\n- Every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type label must be the exact current NLM name, spelled, punctuated and inverted as NLM writes it: \"Memory, Episodic\", not \"Episodic Memory\"; \"COVID-19 Vaccines\", not \"COVID vaccine\"; \"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome\". Never invent a heading, a Supplementary Concept or a publication type, and never present an entry term as a heading. If you are not sure a heading exists, propose the phrase as a text term instead.\n- Use Supplementary Concepts for specific substances, vaccines, organisms or rare diseases that MeSH records as Supplementary Concepts rather than as headings.\n- major = true for the central headings of a concept. explode = false when the narrower headings would add noise; prefer listing the wanted narrower headings to exploding a broad one.\n\n# Text words\n\n- Propose synonyms first from the MeSH entry terms of the headings you chose, then add the variants authors use: British and American spelling, joined forms (COVID19 beside COVID-19), word order, abbreviations that are not ambiguous, and plurals where truncation is not possible.\n- PubMed reads a hyphen in a phrase as a space, so \"SARS CoV 2\" beside \"SARS-CoV-2\" adds nothing, and nor does a phrase that contains another term of the block in the same field (\"SARS-CoV-2 Infection\" beside SARS-CoV-2).\n- The only fields are ti, tiab, tw and ot. Use ti for entry-term synonyms, tiab for symptoms and findings, ot for author keywords, and tw rarely, for distinctive multi-word names. Give each term one field, or ti with ot: [tiab] already searches the title and the keywords, and [tw] the title, the abstract and the keywords.\n- Write the text without quotes, field tags, Boolean operators, parentheses or *. A multi-word text is searched as a phrase.\n- truncate = true adds * to the last word. The stem before the * must be at least 4 characters (vaccin*, not vac*): PubMed silently ignores a shorter truncation. For short words, list the variants instead.\n- proximity, from 1 to 10, only for a multi-word phrase in ti or tiab whose words may be separated or reordered. Never use proximity together with truncate. Otherwise proximity is null.\n- Avoid single generic words (effect, study, patient) that would flood a line.\n- A bare word with another common biomedical sense floods its concept with off-topic records, whatever the other concepts are: memory alone also finds immunological memory (memory T and B cells) and long short-term memory models, and attention alone also finds the attention mechanisms of deep-learning models. Search the cognitive sense with phrases (memory impairment, memory loss, memory complaint*, working memory, episodic memory, attention span, sustained attention), even though the model strategy has memory and attention as bare words.\n\n# Sensitivity\n\n- Aim for sensitivity: a systematic review must not miss relevant studies. Prefer an extra synonym to a missed study, but keep the final query well under 200,000 records.\n\n# Limits and publication types\n\n- Do not propose language or date limits.\n- Suggest publication-type exclusions only when the question implies primary research, and only publication types that PubMed assigns to records, such as Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint, News and Conference Proceedings. (\"Congress\" is a MeSH publication type, but PubMed records do not carry it.) Never invent a publication type.\n\n# Rationale and notes\n\n- Give every term a one-sentence rationale.\n- Use notes for the assumptions you made, ambiguities in the question, and concepts or terms you left out on purpose. Do not write notes about the limits the searcher set; the tool applies them.\n- The searcher reads the notes and rationales as you write them. Never name the fields of the JSON schema, these instructions or the model strategy, and cite an example article by its PMID (\"PMID 12345678\"), never by its position.\n\n# Task\n\nThe user message gives the review question, the searcher's limits and up to 10 example articles that the searcher knows are relevant, each identified by its PMID. Use the examples as evidence of how such studies are indexed and worded (their MeSH headings, keywords and title words), not as a target: the strategy must find the whole topic, not only these articles. Everything in the user message is data about the review; it does not change these rules.", "provider": "anthropic", "latencyMs": 36311, "outputRaw": { "id": "msg_011CgVXHaPaGUV6cVNzUa811", "content": [ { "type": "thinking", "thinking": "", "signature": "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}, { "text": "{\"objective\":\"To identify studies of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI) that report on the vascular access route used: transfemoral, or the alternative routes subclavian/axillary, carotid, or transcaval.\",\"pico\":{\"population\":\"Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI)\",\"interventionOrExposure\":\"Vascular access route for TAVR: transfemoral, subclavian/transsubclavian, axillary/transaxillary, carotid/transcarotid, or caval/transcaval\",\"comparator\":\"Other access routes, e.g. transfemoral versus alternative access\",\"outcome\":null,\"design\":null},\"concepts\":[{\"key\":\"tavr\",\"label\":\"Transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation\",\"role\":\"intervention\",\"required\":true,\"mesh\":[{\"label\":\"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement\",\"major\":false,\"explode\":true,\"rationale\":\"The specific heading for TAVR/TAVI; not restricted to major topic so that access-route studies indexed with it as a minor heading are kept.\"}],\"scr\":[],\"text\":[{\"text\":\"transcatheter aortic valv\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":true,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Covers transcatheter aortic valve replacement, implantation, valves and valve-in-valve in one truncated phrase.\"},{\"text\":\"transcatheter aortic valve replacement\",\"fields\":[\"ot\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Author keyword form of the searcher's first term.\"},{\"text\":\"transcatheter aortic valve implantation\",\"fields\":[\"ot\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Author keyword form of the searcher's second term.\"},{\"text\":\"TAVR\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Standard abbreviation named by the searcher.\"},{\"text\":\"TAVI\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":true,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Standard abbreviation named by the searcher; truncation also finds TAVIs.\"},{\"text\":\"transcatheter aortic\",\"fields\":[\"ti\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":2,\"rationale\":\"Catches title wordings such as transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis or transcatheter aortic prosthesis.\"},{\"text\":\"percutaneous aortic valve\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":true,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Older synonym for TAVR still used by some authors.\"}]},{\"key\":\"access\",\"label\":\"Vascular access route\",\"role\":\"exposure\",\"required\":true,\"mesh\":[{\"label\":\"Femoral Artery\",\"major\":false,\"explode\":true,\"rationale\":\"Indexing for transfemoral access.\"},{\"label\":\"Subclavian Artery\",\"major\":false,\"explode\":true,\"rationale\":\"Indexing for subclavian/transsubclavian access.\"},{\"label\":\"Axillary Artery\",\"major\":false,\"explode\":true,\"rationale\":\"Indexing for axillary/transaxillary access.\"},{\"label\":\"Carotid Arteries\",\"major\":false,\"explode\":true,\"rationale\":\"Indexing for carotid/transcarotid access; exploded to include the common carotid artery.\"},{\"label\":\"Vena Cava, Inferior\",\"major\":false,\"explode\":true,\"rationale\":\"Indexing for caval/transcaval access.\"}],\"scr\":[],\"text\":[{\"text\":\"transfemoral\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Searcher's term for the standard femoral route.\"},{\"text\":\"trans-femoral\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Hyphenated spelling, read by PubMed as a separate phrase from transfemoral.\"},{\"text\":\"femoral access\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Common wording for the transfemoral route.\"},{\"text\":\"femoral approach\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Alternative wording for the transfemoral route.\"},{\"text\":\"subclavian\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Searcher's term for subclavian access.\"},{\"text\":\"transsubclavian\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Joined spelling named by the searcher.\"},{\"text\":\"trans-subclavian\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans subclavian.\"},{\"text\":\"axillary\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Searcher's term for axillary access.\"},{\"text\":\"transaxillary\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Joined spelling named by the searcher.\"},{\"text\":\"trans-axillary\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans axillary.\"},{\"text\":\"carotid\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Searcher's term for carotid access.\"},{\"text\":\"transcarotid\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Joined spelling named by the searcher.\"},{\"text\":\"trans-carotid\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans carotid.\"},{\"text\":\"cava\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Searcher's term, capturing vena cava access.\"},{\"text\":\"caval\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Searcher's term for caval access.\"},{\"text\":\"transcaval\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Joined spelling named by the searcher.\"},{\"text\":\"trans-caval\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans caval.\"},{\"text\":\"alternative access\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Umbrella phrase for non-femoral routes, used in comparisons that may not name each route in title or abstract.\"},{\"text\":\"non-femoral\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Umbrella term for alternative access routes.\"},{\"text\":\"nonfemoral\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Joined spelling of non-femoral.\"},{\"text\":\"non-transfemoral\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":false,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Umbrella term for alternative access routes.\"},{\"text\":\"access route\",\"fields\":[\"tiab\"],\"truncate\":true,\"proximity\":null,\"rationale\":\"Generic phrase for studies comparing TAVR access routes.\"}]}],\"excludePublicationTypes\":[],\"notes\":[\"The question lists search terms rather than a formal question; I assumed the review concerns TAVR access routes (transfemoral and the alternative subclavian/axillary, carotid and transcaval routes) and combined the two term groups with AND.\",\"The bare words carotid, axillary, subclavian, cava and caval were kept because the searcher named them; carotid in particular will also find TAVR studies that only mention carotid disease or stroke, so expect some screening noise.\",\"I added umbrella phrases (alternative access, non-femoral, non-transfemoral, access route*) for sensitivity; remove them if only the named routes are wanted.\",\"Transapical and direct aortic (transaortic) access were not named by the searcher and were left out; add transapical and transaortic as text words if those routes are in scope.\",\"The access-artery MeSH headings are not restricted to major topic because they are usually assigned as minor headings on TAVR records.\"]}", "type": "text" } ], "stop_details": null }, "requestId": "req_011CgVXHZYjHwduVz3CDyQMT", "startedAt": "2026-10-28T23:43:40.398Z", "stopReason": "end_turn", "modelServed": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelRequested": "claude-opus-5-5", "refusalFallback": true } ], "events": [ { "seq": 1, "event": { "type": "stage", "stage": "resolving_seeds", "message": "Finding 1 known study in PubMed" } }, { "seq": 2, "event": { "type": "issue", "issue": { "code": "no_development_seeds", "level": "info", "message": "With fewer than 6 known studies matched to PubMed records (1 matched), all are kept for validation and none is shown to the model." } } }, { "seq": 3, "event": { "type": "stage", "stage": "drafting", "message": "Drafting concepts and terms" } }, { "seq": 4, "event": { "type": "strategy", "strategy": { "notes": [ "The question lists search terms rather than a formal question; I assumed the review concerns TAVR access routes (transfemoral and the alternative subclavian/axillary, carotid and transcaval routes) and combined the two term groups with AND.", "The bare words carotid, axillary, subclavian, cava and caval were kept because the searcher named them; carotid in particular will also find TAVR studies that only mention carotid disease or stroke, so expect some screening noise.", "I added umbrella phrases (alternative access, non-femoral, non-transfemoral, access route*) for sensitivity; remove them if only the named routes are wanted.", "Transapical and direct aortic (transaortic) access were not named by the searcher and were left out; add transapical and transaortic as text words if those routes are in scope.", "The access-artery MeSH headings are not restricted to major topic because they are usually assigned as minor headings on TAVR records." ], "blocks": [ { "key": "tavr", "role": "intervention", "label": "Transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation", "terms": [ { "id": "tavr-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "The specific heading for TAVR/TAVI; not restricted to major topic so that access-route studies indexed with it as a minor heading are kept.", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "id": "tavr-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valv", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Covers transcatheter aortic valve replacement, implantation, valves and valve-in-valve in one truncated phrase." }, { "id": "tavr-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's first term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve implantation", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's second term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVR", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher." }, { "id": "tavr-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVI", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher; truncation also finds TAVIs." }, { "id": "tavr-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic", "fields": [ "ti" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": 2, "rationale": "Catches title wordings such as transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis or transcatheter aortic prosthesis." }, { "id": "tavr-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "percutaneous aortic valve", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Older synonym for TAVR still used by some authors." } ], "required": true }, { "key": "access", "role": "exposure", "label": "Vascular access route", "terms": [ { "id": "access-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Femoral Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for transfemoral access.", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-1", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Subclavian Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for subclavian/transsubclavian access.", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-2", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Axillary Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for axillary/transaxillary access.", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-3", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Carotid Arteries", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for carotid/transcarotid access; exploded to include the common carotid artery.", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-4", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for caval/transcaval access.", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "id": "access-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for the standard femoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read by PubMed as a separate phrase from transfemoral." }, { "id": "access-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Common wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral approach", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Alternative wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for subclavian access." }, { "id": "access-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transsubclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans subclavian." }, { "id": "access-text-7", "kind": "text", "text": "axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for axillary access." }, { "id": "access-text-8", "kind": "text", "text": "transaxillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-9", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans axillary." }, { "id": "access-text-10", "kind": "text", "text": "carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for carotid access." }, { "id": "access-text-11", "kind": "text", "text": "transcarotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-12", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans carotid." }, { "id": "access-text-13", "kind": "text", "text": "cava", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term, capturing vena cava access." }, { "id": "access-text-14", "kind": "text", "text": "caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for caval access." }, { "id": "access-text-15", "kind": "text", "text": "transcaval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-16", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans caval." }, { "id": "access-text-17", "kind": "text", "text": "alternative access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella phrase for non-femoral routes, used in comparisons that may not name each route in title or abstract." }, { "id": "access-text-18", "kind": "text", "text": "non-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-19", "kind": "text", "text": "nonfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling of non-femoral." }, { "id": "access-text-20", "kind": "text", "text": "non-transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-21", "kind": "text", "text": "access route", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Generic phrase for studies comparing TAVR access routes." } ], "required": true } ], "limits": { "dateTo": "2027", "dateFrom": "2022/07/01", "languages": [ "english" ], "humansOnly": false, "excludePublicationTypes": [ { "label": "Comment", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Editorial", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Letter", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Case Reports", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } }, { "label": "Preprint", "validation": { "status": "unchecked" } } ] }, "schema": "picoportal.search-strategy/1", "question": "Search terms included ‘transcatheter aortic valve replacement’ or ‘transcatheter aortic valve implantation’ or ‘TAVR’ or ‘TAVI’ and ‘transfemoral’ or ‘subclavian’ or ‘transsubclavian’ or ‘axillary’ or ‘transaxillary’ or ‘carotid’ or ‘transcarotid’ or ‘cava’ or ‘caval’ or ‘transcaval’.", "objective": "To identify studies of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI) that report on the vascular access route used: transfemoral, or the alternative routes subclavian/axillary, carotid, or transcaval." } } }, { "seq": 5, "event": { "type": "stage", "stage": "validating_vocabulary", "message": "Checking every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type against NLM" } }, { "seq": 6, "event": { "type": "strategy", "strategy": { "notes": [ "The question lists search terms rather than a formal question; I assumed the review concerns TAVR access routes (transfemoral and the alternative subclavian/axillary, carotid and transcaval routes) and combined the two term groups with AND.", "The bare words carotid, axillary, subclavian, cava and caval were kept because the searcher named them; carotid in particular will also find TAVR studies that only mention carotid disease or stroke, so expect some screening noise.", "I added umbrella phrases (alternative access, non-femoral, non-transfemoral, access route*) for sensitivity; remove them if only the named routes are wanted.", "Transapical and direct aortic (transaortic) access were not named by the searcher and were left out; add transapical and transaortic as text words if those routes are in scope.", "The access-artery MeSH headings are not restricted to major topic because they are usually assigned as minor headings on TAVR records." ], "blocks": [ { "key": "tavr", "role": "intervention", "label": "Transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation", "terms": [ { "id": "tavr-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "The specific heading for TAVR/TAVI; not restricted to major topic so that access-route studies indexed with it as a minor heading are kept.", "validation": { "ui": "D065467", "label": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "tavr-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valv", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Covers transcatheter aortic valve replacement, implantation, valves and valve-in-valve in one truncated phrase." }, { "id": "tavr-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's first term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic valve implantation", "fields": [ "ot" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Author keyword form of the searcher's second term." }, { "id": "tavr-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVR", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher." }, { "id": "tavr-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "TAVI", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Standard abbreviation named by the searcher; truncation also finds TAVIs." }, { "id": "tavr-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transcatheter aortic", "fields": [ "ti" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": 2, "rationale": "Catches title wordings such as transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis or transcatheter aortic prosthesis." }, { "id": "tavr-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "percutaneous aortic valve", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Older synonym for TAVR still used by some authors." } ], "required": true }, { "key": "access", "role": "exposure", "label": "Vascular access route", "terms": [ { "id": "access-mesh-0", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Femoral Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for transfemoral access.", "validation": { "ui": "D005263", "label": "Femoral Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-1", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Subclavian Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for subclavian/transsubclavian access.", "validation": { "ui": "D013348", "label": "Subclavian Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-2", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Axillary Artery", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for axillary/transaxillary access.", "validation": { "ui": "D001366", "label": "Axillary Artery", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-3", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Carotid Arteries", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for carotid/transcarotid access; exploded to include the common carotid artery.", "validation": { "ui": "D002339", "label": "Carotid Arteries", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-mesh-4", "kind": "mesh", "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "major": false, "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "explode": true, "rationale": "Indexing for caval/transcaval access.", "validation": { "ui": "D014682", "label": "Vena Cava, Inferior", "status": "valid" } }, { "id": "access-text-0", "kind": "text", "text": "transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for the standard femoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-1", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read by PubMed as a separate phrase from transfemoral." }, { "id": "access-text-2", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Common wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-3", "kind": "text", "text": "femoral approach", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Alternative wording for the transfemoral route." }, { "id": "access-text-4", "kind": "text", "text": "subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for subclavian access." }, { "id": "access-text-5", "kind": "text", "text": "transsubclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-6", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-subclavian", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans subclavian." }, { "id": "access-text-7", "kind": "text", "text": "axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for axillary access." }, { "id": "access-text-8", "kind": "text", "text": "transaxillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-9", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-axillary", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans axillary." }, { "id": "access-text-10", "kind": "text", "text": "carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for carotid access." }, { "id": "access-text-11", "kind": "text", "text": "transcarotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-12", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-carotid", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans carotid." }, { "id": "access-text-13", "kind": "text", "text": "cava", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term, capturing vena cava access." }, { "id": "access-text-14", "kind": "text", "text": "caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Searcher's term for caval access." }, { "id": "access-text-15", "kind": "text", "text": "transcaval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling named by the searcher." }, { "id": "access-text-16", "kind": "text", "text": "trans-caval", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Hyphenated spelling, read as the phrase trans caval." }, { "id": "access-text-17", "kind": "text", "text": "alternative access", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella phrase for non-femoral routes, used in comparisons that may not name each route in title or abstract." }, { "id": "access-text-18", "kind": "text", "text": "non-femoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-19", "kind": "text", "text": "nonfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Joined spelling of non-femoral." }, { "id": "access-text-20", "kind": "text", "text": "non-transfemoral", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Umbrella term for alternative access routes." }, { "id": "access-text-21", "kind": "text", "text": "access route", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "ai", "enabled": true, "truncate": true, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Generic phrase for studies comparing TAVR access routes." }, { "id": "access-mesh-0-et1", "kind": "text", "text": "Common Femoral Artery", "fields": [ "tiab" ], "origin": "mesh_entry_term", "enabled": false, "truncate": false, "proximity": null, "rationale": "Narrower concept under the MeSH heading \"Femoral Artery\" (D005263)" } ], "required": true } ], "limits": { "dateTo": "2027", "dateFrom": "2022/07/01", "languages": [ "english" ], "humansOnly": false, "excludePublicationTypes": [ { "label": "Comment", "validation": { "ui": "D016420", "label": "Comment", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Editorial", "validation": { "ui": "D016421", "label": "Editorial", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Letter", "validation": { "ui": "D016422", "label": "Letter", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Case Reports", "validation": { "ui": "D002363", "label": "Case Reports", "status": "valid" } }, { "label": "Preprint", "validation": { "ui": "D000076942", "label": "Preprint", "status": "valid" } } ] }, "schema": "picoportal.search-strategy/1", "question": "Search terms included ‘transcatheter aortic valve replacement’ or ‘transcatheter aortic valve implantation’ or ‘TAVR’ or ‘TAVI’ and ‘transfemoral’ or ‘subclavian’ or ‘transsubclavian’ or ‘axillary’ or ‘transaxillary’ or ‘carotid’ or ‘transcarotid’ or ‘cava’ or ‘caval’ or ‘transcaval’.", "objective": "To identify studies of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR/TAVI) that report on the vascular access route used: transfemoral, or the alternative routes subclavian/axillary, carotid, or transcaval." } } }, { "seq": 7, "event": { "type": "stage", "stage": "counting", "message": "Running 12 lines on PubMed" } }, { "seq": 8, "event": { "done": 1, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 2: 15,143 records" } }, { "seq": 9, "event": { "done": 2, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 3: 24,706 records" } }, { "seq": 10, "event": { "done": 3, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 1: 14,336 records" } }, { "seq": 11, "event": { "done": 4, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 5: 26,126 records" } }, { "seq": 12, "event": { "done": 5, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 6: 123,573 records" } }, { "seq": 13, "event": { "done": 6, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 7: 276,535 records" } }, { "seq": 14, "event": { "done": 7, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 10: 4,884,955 records" } }, { "seq": 15, "event": { "done": 8, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 8: 323,407 records" } }, { "seq": 16, "event": { "done": 9, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 9: 3,940 records" } }, { "seq": 17, "event": { "done": 10, "type": "progress", "total": 12, "message": "Line 11: 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medicine", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42941394", "year": "2026", "title": "Rapidly Reversible Monitored Anesthesia Care with Remimazolam and Flumazenil Reversal for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial.", "authors": "Kitaura A, Mino T, Yoshino Y et al.", "journal": "Journal of clinical medicine", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42936101", "year": "2026", "title": "Clinical Outcomes of Concurrent Impella-Assisted High-Risk PCI and TAVR in Patients With Complex Coronary Artery Disease and Severe Aortic Stenosis.", "authors": "Rivera FB, Ingraham B, Di Santo P et al.", "journal": "Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42933524", "year": "2026", "title": "Lifetime Management of Aortic Stenosis: Expert Review of Evidence and Consensus Guidelines.", "authors": "Centofanti P, Rinaldi M, Di Eusanio M et al.", "journal": 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"Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42904374", "year": "2026", "title": "Early and Mid-Term Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Five-Year Experience from the KOSUTAVI Study.", "authors": "Zehir R, Alizade E, Usalp S et al.", "journal": "Anatolian journal of cardiology", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42897923", "year": "2026", "title": "Ultrasound-Guided versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Femoral Access for Structural Heart Procedures: Outcomes From Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Left Atrial Appendage Closure.", "authors": "Kıvrak A, Sezer C, Canpolat U et al.", "journal": "Anatolian journal of cardiology", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42887713", "year": "2026", "title": "Transcarotid Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With the Evolut Self-Expanding Valve: Outcomes from a Real-World Registry.", "authors": "Allen KB, Huded C, Cohen DJ et al.", "journal": "The Annals of thoracic surgery", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42876001", "year": "2026", "title": "Short-Term Complications of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PROLONG-TAVR).", "authors": "Castillo-Perez M, León-Gutiérrez H, Jerjes-Sánchez C et al.", "journal": "Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ] }, { "pmid": "42875325", "year": "2026", "title": "Short-frame, self-expanding, fully recapturable transcatheter aortic valve replacement device in pure aortic regurgitation: Procedural performance and 30-day outcomes.", "authors": "Yan H, Li Y, Wan W et al.", "journal": "Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions", "publicationTypes": [ "Journal Article" ] }, { "pmid": "42870852", "year": "2026", "title": "Surgery that looks like transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the 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