PubMed:
Provider: NLM
Database: PubMed (National Library of Medicine), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Date(s) Searched: October 28, 2026
Date range searched: 2015 to 2027
Language: English
Publication types excluded: Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint
Final count: 26,946 (line 13)
Search Terms:

No. | Query | Results
1 | "Child"[Mesh] OR "Adolescent"[Mesh] OR "Infant"[Mesh] OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh] | 4,358,818
2 | child*[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR pediatric*[tiab] OR paediatric*[tiab] OR infant*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR youth*[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab] | 2,902,874
3 | 1 OR 2 | 5,166,584
4 | "Diet"[Mesh] OR "Eating"[Mesh] OR "Energy Intake"[Mesh] OR "Feeding Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Nutrition Assessment"[Mesh] OR "Diet Surveys"[Mesh] OR "Diet Records"[Mesh] OR "Nutritional Status"[Mesh] OR "Exercise"[Mesh] OR "Sedentary Behavior"[Mesh] OR "Physical Fitness"[Mesh] OR "Accelerometry"[Mesh] OR "Actigraphy"[Mesh] OR "Fitness Trackers"[Mesh] OR "Pediatric Obesity"[Mesh] OR "Overweight"[Mesh] OR "Body Mass Index"[Mesh] OR "Anthropometry"[Mesh] OR "Waist Circumference"[Mesh] OR "Skinfold Thickness"[Mesh] OR "Waist-Height Ratio"[Mesh] OR "Body Composition"[Mesh] OR "Malnutrition"[Mesh] OR "Child Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Infant Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Thinness"[Mesh] OR "Growth Disorders"[Mesh] | 1,675,726
5 | "dietary intake"[tiab] OR "food intake"[tiab] OR "nutrient intake*"[tiab] OR "diet quality"[tiab] OR "healthy eating index"[tiab] OR "dietary assessment"[tiab] OR "food frequency questionnaire*"[tiab] OR "dietary recall*"[tiab] OR "24-hour recall*"[tiab] OR "food record*"[tiab] OR "food diary"[tiab] OR "food diaries"[tiab] OR "eating behavio*"[tiab] OR "food environment*"[tiab] OR "feeding practices"[tiab] OR "food availability"[tiab] OR "physical activity"[tiab] OR "physical inactivity"[tiab] OR acceleromet*[tiab] OR pedometer*[tiab] OR sedentary[tiab] OR "screen time"[tiab] OR "cardiorespiratory fitness"[tiab] OR obesity[tiab] OR obese[tiab] OR overweight[tiab] OR adiposity[tiab] OR "body fat"[tiab] OR "body mass index"[tiab] OR BMI[tiab] OR anthropometr*[tiab] OR "waist circumference"[tiab] OR skinfold*[tiab] OR "bioelectrical impedance"[tiab] OR malnutrition[tiab] OR undernutrition[tiab] OR malnourish*[tiab] OR undernourish*[tiab] OR stunting[tiab] OR stunted[tiab] OR wasting[tiab] OR underweight[tiab] OR "mid-upper arm circumference"[tiab] OR MUAC[tiab] OR "weight-for-height"[tiab] OR "height-for-age"[tiab] OR "weight-for-age"[tiab] OR "growth chart*"[tiab] | 1,216,920
6 | 4 OR 5 | 2,258,158
7 | "Reproducibility of Results"[Mesh] OR "Psychometrics"[Mesh] OR "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Feasibility Studies"[Mesh] OR "Observer Variation"[Mesh] OR "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh] OR "Data Accuracy"[Mesh] | 1,245,561
8 | validit*[tiab] OR validat*[tiab] OR reliabilit*[tiab] OR reproducibilit*[tiab] OR repeatabilit*[tiab] OR feasibilit*[tiab] OR psychometric*[tiab] OR "test-retest"[tiab] OR "inter-rater"[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR "intraclass correlation"[tiab] OR "Bland-Altman"[tiab] OR "measurement properties"[tiab] OR "measurement error"[tiab] OR accuracy[tiab] OR "method comparison"[tiab] OR "agreement between"[tiab] | 2,601,957
9 | 7 OR 8 | 3,270,159
10 | 3 AND 6 AND 9 | 49,587
11 | "Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type] | 4,884,955
12 | 10 NOT 11 | 48,781
13 | 12 AND english[la] AND 2015:2027[dp] | 26,946

Final query as run through NCBI E-utilities (line 13):
(((("Child"[Mesh] OR "Adolescent"[Mesh] OR "Infant"[Mesh] OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh]) OR (child*[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR pediatric*[tiab] OR paediatric*[tiab] OR infant*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR youth*[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab])) AND (("Diet"[Mesh] OR "Eating"[Mesh] OR "Energy Intake"[Mesh] OR "Feeding Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Nutrition Assessment"[Mesh] OR "Diet Surveys"[Mesh] OR "Diet Records"[Mesh] OR "Nutritional Status"[Mesh] OR "Exercise"[Mesh] OR "Sedentary Behavior"[Mesh] OR "Physical Fitness"[Mesh] OR "Accelerometry"[Mesh] OR "Actigraphy"[Mesh] OR "Fitness Trackers"[Mesh] OR "Pediatric Obesity"[Mesh] OR "Overweight"[Mesh] OR "Body Mass Index"[Mesh] OR "Anthropometry"[Mesh] OR "Waist Circumference"[Mesh] OR "Skinfold Thickness"[Mesh] OR "Waist-Height Ratio"[Mesh] OR "Body Composition"[Mesh] OR "Malnutrition"[Mesh] OR "Child Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Infant Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Thinness"[Mesh] OR "Growth Disorders"[Mesh]) OR ("dietary intake"[tiab] OR "food intake"[tiab] OR "nutrient intake*"[tiab] OR "diet quality"[tiab] OR "healthy eating index"[tiab] OR "dietary assessment"[tiab] OR "food frequency questionnaire*"[tiab] OR "dietary recall*"[tiab] OR "24-hour recall*"[tiab] OR "food record*"[tiab] OR "food diary"[tiab] OR "food diaries"[tiab] OR "eating behavio*"[tiab] OR "food environment*"[tiab] OR "feeding practices"[tiab] OR "food availability"[tiab] OR "physical activity"[tiab] OR "physical inactivity"[tiab] OR acceleromet*[tiab] OR pedometer*[tiab] OR sedentary[tiab] OR "screen time"[tiab] OR "cardiorespiratory fitness"[tiab] OR obesity[tiab] OR obese[tiab] OR overweight[tiab] OR adiposity[tiab] OR "body fat"[tiab] OR "body mass index"[tiab] OR BMI[tiab] OR anthropometr*[tiab] OR "waist circumference"[tiab] OR skinfold*[tiab] OR "bioelectrical impedance"[tiab] OR malnutrition[tiab] OR undernutrition[tiab] OR malnourish*[tiab] OR undernourish*[tiab] OR stunting[tiab] OR stunted[tiab] OR wasting[tiab] OR underweight[tiab] OR "mid-upper arm circumference"[tiab] OR MUAC[tiab] OR "weight-for-height"[tiab] OR "height-for-age"[tiab] OR "weight-for-age"[tiab] OR "growth chart*"[tiab])) AND (("Reproducibility of Results"[Mesh] OR "Psychometrics"[Mesh] OR "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Feasibility Studies"[Mesh] OR "Observer Variation"[Mesh] OR "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh] OR "Data Accuracy"[Mesh]) OR (validit*[tiab] OR validat*[tiab] OR reliabilit*[tiab] OR reproducibilit*[tiab] OR repeatabilit*[tiab] OR feasibilit*[tiab] OR psychometric*[tiab] OR "test-retest"[tiab] OR "inter-rater"[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR "intraclass correlation"[tiab] OR "Bland-Altman"[tiab] OR "measurement properties"[tiab] OR "measurement error"[tiab] OR accuracy[tiab] OR "method comparison"[tiab] OR "agreement between"[tiab]))) NOT ("Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND 2015:2027[dp]

AI-use statement:
The PubMed search strategy was drafted with the PICO search builder. It used the large language model claude-opus-5-5 (Anthropic; accessed October 28, 2026) to propose search concepts and terms from the review question. The tool made 1 call to the model at high effort (the draft); claude-opus-5-5 was requested and answered it. A refusal fallback was enabled (had the model declined a request, the API could have run it again on another model Anthropic recommends); it was not used. Every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type the strategy searches was checked against NLM MeSH (id.nlm.nih.gov) before use: 43 valid. Each numbered line was run in PubMed through NCBI E-utilities on October 28, 2026, and PubMed's own diagnostics (phrases not found, ignored words, lost truncation) were checked. A searcher must review the strategy before it is used. The prompts, the model output and every version are in the provenance file (JSON export).

Review question: In children and adolescents under 18 years, what measures of nutrition (dietary intake, diet quality, the home food environment), physical activity, and obesity or malnutrition (such as BMI and other anthropometric indices) have been developed or tested for validity, reliability or feasibility, and how do these measures compare with one another? Include studies from any setting, so that measures that could be used in primary care are not missed.
Run e3484d95-7e34-4f46-bcf5-4a94f93c7f14, exported October 29, 2026 from the PICO search builder.