PubMed:
Provider: NLM
Database: PubMed (National Library of Medicine), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Date(s) Searched: October 28, 2026
Language: English
Publication types excluded: Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint
Final count: 709 (line 13)
Search Terms:

No. | Query | Results
1 | "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[Mesh:NoExp] | 204,262
2 | "type 2 diabetes"[tiab] OR "type II diabetes"[tiab] OR "diabetes mellitus type 2"[tiab] OR T2DM[tiab] OR T2D[tiab] OR "non-insulin-dependent diabetes"[tiab] OR NIDDM[tiab] OR "adult onset diabetes"[tiab] | 247,825
3 | 1 OR 2 | 297,442
4 | "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists"[Mesh] OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor"[Mesh] OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide 1"[Mesh] OR "Liraglutide"[Mesh] OR "Exenatide"[Mesh] OR "Semaglutide"[Mesh] OR "dulaglutide"[Supplementary Concept] OR "lixisenatide"[Supplementary Concept] OR "Tirzepatide"[Mesh] | 23,330
5 | "glucagon-like peptide-1"[tiab] OR "GLP-1"[tiab] OR "GLP-1RA"[tiab] OR "GLP-1RAs"[tiab] OR GLP1RA[tiab] OR GLP1RAs[tiab] OR "incretin mimetic*"[tiab] OR "incretin-based"[tiab] OR liraglutide[tiab] OR semaglutide[tiab] OR dulaglutide[tiab] OR exenatide[tiab] OR lixisenatide[tiab] OR albiglutide[tiab] OR tirzepatide[tiab] OR efpeglenatide[tiab] | 40,424
6 | 4 OR 5 | 42,071
7 | "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Cognitive Dysfunction"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh:NoExp] | 482,263
8 | dement*[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR "memory impairment"[tiab] OR "memory loss"[tiab] OR "memory decline"[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] | 1,068,413
9 | 7 OR 8 | 1,156,402
10 | 3 AND 6 AND 9 | 752
11 | "Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type] | 4,884,955
12 | 10 NOT 11 | 725
13 | 12 AND english[la] | 709

Final query as run through NCBI E-utilities (line 13):
(((("Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR ("type 2 diabetes"[tiab] OR "type II diabetes"[tiab] OR "diabetes mellitus type 2"[tiab] OR T2DM[tiab] OR T2D[tiab] OR "non-insulin-dependent diabetes"[tiab] OR NIDDM[tiab] OR "adult onset diabetes"[tiab])) AND (("Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists"[Mesh] OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor"[Mesh] OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide 1"[Mesh] OR "Liraglutide"[Mesh] OR "Exenatide"[Mesh] OR "Semaglutide"[Mesh] OR "dulaglutide"[Supplementary Concept] OR "lixisenatide"[Supplementary Concept] OR "Tirzepatide"[Mesh]) OR ("glucagon-like peptide-1"[tiab] OR "GLP-1"[tiab] OR "GLP-1RA"[tiab] OR "GLP-1RAs"[tiab] OR GLP1RA[tiab] OR GLP1RAs[tiab] OR "incretin mimetic*"[tiab] OR "incretin-based"[tiab] OR liraglutide[tiab] OR semaglutide[tiab] OR dulaglutide[tiab] OR exenatide[tiab] OR lixisenatide[tiab] OR albiglutide[tiab] OR tirzepatide[tiab] OR efpeglenatide[tiab])) AND (("Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Cognitive Dysfunction"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR (dement*[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR "memory impairment"[tiab] OR "memory loss"[tiab] OR "memory decline"[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab]))) NOT ("Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type])) AND english[la]

AI-use statement:
The PubMed search strategy was drafted with the PICO search builder. It used the large language model claude-opus-5-5 (Anthropic; accessed October 28, 2026) to propose search concepts and terms from the review question. The tool made 1 call to the model at high effort (the draft); claude-opus-5-5 was requested and answered it. A refusal fallback was enabled (had the model declined a request, the API could have run it again on another model Anthropic recommends); it was not used. Every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type the strategy searches was checked against NLM MeSH (id.nlm.nih.gov) before use: 20 valid. 1 proposed heading that does not exist was removed from the search. Each numbered line was run in PubMed through NCBI E-utilities on October 28, 2026, and PubMed's own diagnostics (phrases not found, ignored words, lost truncation) were checked. The run has 2 saved versions (AI draft, repairs and the searcher's edits). A searcher must review the strategy before it is used. The prompts, the model output and every version are in the provenance file (JSON export).

Review question: In adults with type 2 diabetes, are GLP-1 receptor agonists associated with a lower risk of dementia or cognitive decline compared with other glucose-lowering drugs?
Run f454e46c-6b67-4a47-b6f3-172076a33cac, exported October 29, 2026 from the PICO search builder.