PMID- 42883312 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20261016 LR - 20261020 IS - 1420-3049 (Electronic) IS - 1420-3049 (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 19 DP - 2026 Oct 5 TI - Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiovascular Health: From Bioavailability to Clinical Relevance. LID - 10.3390/molecules31193549 [doi] LID - 3549 AB - Dietary polyphenols, abundant in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, and wine, have been widely investigated for their potential relevance to cardiovascular health. Their proposed protective effects extend beyond classical antioxidant activity, encompassing regulation of redox-sensitive signaling, attenuation of inflammation, improvement in endothelial function, modulation of lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial protection. Yet, their biological impact is strongly dependent on bioavailability and metabolic fate, as most compounds undergo extensive conjugation and gut microbiota-dependent transformation. Conjugated metabolites and microbial derivatives increasingly appear as key mediators of systemic vascular responses. Epidemiological studies associate polyphenol-rich dietary patterns with reduced cardiovascular risk, while clinical trials report modest and variable effects on intermediate outcomes such as vascular function, blood pressure, and plasma lipids. However, heterogeneity in study design, dosing, and compound source contributes to inconsistent outcomes and limits translation into practice. This review integrates current knowledge on classification, dietary sources, metabolism, and molecular mechanisms of polyphenols, emphasizing the interplay between host and microbiota in shaping cardioprotective responses. By bridging mechanistic insights with clinical observations, we highlight both the therapeutic promise and the translational challenges of polyphenols. Standardized intervention protocols, physiologically relevant dosing strategies, and precision nutrition approaches are essential to fully realize their potential in cardiovascular prevention. FAU - Krstic Ristivojevic, Maja AU - Krstic Ristivojevic M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8794-9408 AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. FAU - Ruzicic, Dusan AU - Ruzicic D AD - Department of Invasive Cardiology, Health Center Valjevo, 14000 Valjevo, Serbia. AD - Faculty of Health Sciences, Singidunum University, 14000 Valjevo, Serbia. FAU - Trif, Monica AU - Trif M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6538-0815 AD - Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH, 28857 Syke, Germany. FAU - Papadaki, Sofia AU - Papadaki S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3251-954X AD - Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, School of Environment and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece. AD - PRINSUS P.C., Iron Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece. FAU - Ristivojevic, Petar AU - Ristivojevic P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6106-1454 AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. FAU - Cvijetic, Ilija AU - Cvijetic I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5568-6172 AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. LA - eng GR - 101236277/European Union/ GR - 451-03-33/2026-03/200168/Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20261005 PL - Switzerland TA - Molecules JT - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 100964009 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Polyphenols/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/chemistry MH - Biological Availability MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control/metabolism MH - Animals MH - *Diet MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome MH - Antioxidants MH - *Cardiovascular System/drug effects/metabolism PMC - PMC13667100 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bioavailability OT - cardiovascular disease OT - clinical translation OT - dietary polyphenols OT - endothelial function OT - gut microbiota OT - phenolic metabolites OT - precision nutrition COIS- Monica Trif is an employee of Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH and Sofia Papadaki is co-owner of PRINSUS P.C. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH and PRINSUS P.C. had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2026/10/16 05:33 MHDA- 2026/10/16 05:34 PMCR- 2026/10/05 CRDT- 2026/10/16 01:05 PHST- 2026/08/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/09/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/10/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/10/16 05:34 [medline] PHST- 2026/10/16 05:33 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/10/16 01:05 [entrez] PHST- 2026/10/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - molecules31193549 [pii] AID - molecules-31-03549 [pii] AID - 10.3390/molecules31193549 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Molecules. 2026 Oct 5;31(19):3549. doi: 10.3390/molecules31193549. PMID- 42797006 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260926 LR - 20260929 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 18 DP - 2026 Sep 16 TI - Associations Between Chocolate Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers Across Metabolic Profiles: Insights from a Population-Based Study. LID - 10.3390/nu18183023 [doi] LID - 3023 AB - Background/Objectives: Studies evaluating the association between chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic health have reported inconsistent findings, and whether these associations differ according to underlying metabolic status remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analysed whether metabolic profile modifies the associations between chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic risk markers in 1960 adults from the SALMANTICOR population-based cohort. Methods: Chocolate consumption was classified by chocolate type (dark or milk) and frequency of intake (occasional: 1-3 days/week; regular: >/=4 days/week). Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate associations with fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure (SBP), with additional interaction analyses for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI (except when BMI was the outcome), smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, olive oil intake, and commercial pastry consumption. Results: Overall, 30.1% of participants reported habitual chocolate consumption. In multivariable models without interaction terms, both dark and milk chocolate consumption were associated with lower BMI, whereas dark chocolate consumption was associated with higher LDL cholesterol. After Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, diabetes modified the associations of dark chocolate consumption with fasting glucose and HbA1c and of milk chocolate consumption with HbA1c. Among individuals with diabetes, dark chocolate consumption was associated with lower fasting glucose and HbA1c, whereas milk chocolate consumption was associated with lower HbA1c compared with non-consumption. No such associations were observed among individuals without diabetes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the association between chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic health is not uniform across the population but differs according to the underlying metabolic profile. In particular, the associations with glycaemic markers were confined to individuals with diabetes, suggesting that metabolic status may modify the relationship between habitual chocolate consumption and glycaemic control. Further prospective population-based studies and intervention trials are needed to confirm these findings. FAU - Martin-Carro, Beatriz AU - Martin-Carro B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1683-6617 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Iglesias-Colino, Estefania AU - Iglesias-Colino E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2235-3336 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Montes-Riesgo, Darian AU - Montes-Riesgo D AUID- ORCID: 0009-0006-8106-5843 AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, 49022 Zamora, Spain. FAU - Cascon, Sara AU - Cascon S AD - Robleda Primary Care Center, 37521 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Nieto-Garcia, Leticia AU - Nieto-Garcia L AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Romero, Alfonso AU - Romero A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8252-0004 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Miguel Armijo Primary Care Centre, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Perez-Sanchez, Pablo AU - Perez-Sanchez P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8340-3662 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Sanchez-Puente, Antonio AU - Sanchez-Puente A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6167-2041 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Varas-Marcos, Irene AU - Varas-Marcos I AUID- ORCID: 0009-0002-0571-1357 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Blazquez, Baltasara AU - Blazquez B AD - Miranda del Castanar Primary Care Centre, 37660 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Perez Del Villar, Candelas AU - Perez Del Villar C AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Cembrero-Fucinos, David AU - Cembrero-Fucinos D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6658-0883 AD - Clinical Laboratory Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Muriel, Paz AU - Muriel P AD - La Alamedilla Primary Care Centre, 37003 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Moyano-Maza, Jose Carlos AU - Moyano-Maza JC AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Clinical Laboratory Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Santolino, Inmaculada AU - Santolino I AD - Santa Marta Primary Care Centre, 37900 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Martin-Gallego, Amalia AU - Martin-Gallego A AUID- ORCID: 0009-0004-7743-9342 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Lydia AU - Gonzalez-Gonzalez L AUID- ORCID: 0009-0001-4486-3954 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Maillo-Seco, Javier AU - Maillo-Seco J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8901-2141 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ruiz-Olgado, Maria Jose AU - Ruiz-Olgado MJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1974-5243 AD - Department of Cardiology, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, 49022 Zamora, Spain. FAU - Rincon, Luis M AU - Rincon LM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1819-5742 AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Isidoro-Garcia, Maria AU - Isidoro-Garcia M AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Clinical Laboratory Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Sanchez, Pedro L AU - Sanchez PL AD - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. LA - eng GR - PI14/00695 and PI21/00369/Institute of Health Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness/ GR - GRS1030/A/14/Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (Sacyl), Junta Castilla y Leon/ GR - Spanish Cardiovascular Network (RIC and CIBERCV) from the Institute of Health Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Obra Social 'la Caixa' and Philips Iberica Healthcare division, and co-funded by the European Union/ GR - CD24/00120/ISCIII-Sara Borrell Program/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260916 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Chocolate/adverse effects MH - Female MH - Male MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Middle Aged MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Adult MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - *Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MH - Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/epidemiology MH - Body Mass Index MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Diet MH - Risk Factors MH - Feeding Behavior MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Dyslipidemias MH - Cacao PMC - PMC13610764 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiometabolic risk markers OT - chocolate OT - diabetes OT - dyslipidemia OT - hypertension OT - population-based study COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2026/09/26 05:35 MHDA- 2026/09/26 05:36 PMCR- 2026/09/16 CRDT- 2026/09/26 01:15 PHST- 2026/08/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/09/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/09/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/09/26 05:36 [medline] PHST- 2026/09/26 05:35 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/09/26 01:15 [entrez] PHST- 2026/09/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu18183023 [pii] AID - nutrients-18-03023 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu18183023 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2026 Sep 16;18(18):3023. doi: 10.3390/nu18183023. PMID- 42716473 OWN - NLM STAT- Publisher LR - 20261008 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 124 IP - 5 DP - 2026 Sep 9 TI - Inflammatory proteomic signatures of cardiometabolic traits and the contribution of visceral adipose tissue: a cross-sectional and network proteomic analysis. PG - 101517 LID - S0002-9165(26)00326-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101517 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), fat located within the abdominal cavity, is strongly associated with systemic inflammation and poor cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the cross-sectional relationships between multiple cardiometabolic traits, including VAT, and proteomic-based inflammatory signatures. METHODS: Body adiposity distribution quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiometabolic traits, and plasma proteomics inflammation panel (Olink Explore 384) were measured in a discovery cohort from the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (n = 525) and a replication cohort from the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (n = 371). We derived inflammatory proteomic markers of VAT, systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Inflammatory proteomic markers were identified via linear regression at a false discovery rate of <0.05. RESULTS: VAT showed the strongest inflammatory proteomic profile, with 221 associated proteins (62% of those tested) and effect estimates of up to beta = 0.59 (SE = 0.03). Proteins associated with the cardiometabolic traits showed directions of association largely consistent with those observed for VAT, except for HDL cholesterol, which showed inverse associations. After adjusting the regression models for VAT, most protein associations with glucose and SBP (>97%), HOMA-IR (70%), TG (62%), and HDL cholesterol (56%) were no longer statistically significant, suggesting that VAT accounts for a substantial portion of the shared variance in these associations. To further characterize these shared molecular associations, we examined the Bayesian network architecture of 86 proteomic markers common to all cardiometabolic traits. Some of the VAT-attenuated protein signatures with high centrality were transforming growth factor beta-1, PDLIM7, COLEC12, and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 1. CONCLUSIONS: These hub-like proteins may reflect shared inflammatory pathways linking VAT with cardiometabolic traits and provide hypotheses for future mechanistic and therapeutic investigation. This study was registered at VITAL (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL) as NCT01169259 and at COSMOS (COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study) as NCT02422745. CI - Copyright (c) 2026. Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Yazdani, Azam AU - Yazdani A AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: ayazdani@bwh.harvard.edu. FAU - Wang, Cong AU - Wang C AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Demler, Olga AU - Demler O AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Zurich, Switzerland. FAU - Osifala, Oluwafeyisola AU - Osifala O AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Sesso, Howard D AU - Sesso HD AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - LeBoff, Meryl S AU - LeBoff MS AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Mora, Samia AU - Mora S AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Lee, I-Min AU - Lee IM AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Manson, JoAnn E AU - Manson JE AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Giovannucci, Edward AU - Giovannucci E AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Zhang, Xuehong AU - Zhang X AD - School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. FAU - Tobias, Deirdre K AU - Tobias DK AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02422745 PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260909 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 SB - IM UOF - Res Sq. 2025 Dec 25:rs.3.rs-8411853. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8411853/v1. PMID: 41510305 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bayesian network analysis OT - HDL cholesterol OT - adiposity distribution OT - cardiometabolic risk OT - cardiometabolic traits OT - inflammatory proteomics OT - insulin resistance OT - proteomic signatures OT - systemic inflammation OT - visceral adipose tissue COIS- Conflict of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2026/09/09 23:36 MHDA- 2026/09/09 23:36 CRDT- 2026/09/09 19:16 PHST- 2026/04/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/08/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/09/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/09/09 23:36 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/09/09 23:36 [medline] PHST- 2026/09/09 19:16 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(26)00326-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101517 [doi] PST - aheadofprint SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 Sep 9;124(5):101517. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101517. PMID- 42679502 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20261027 LR - 20261028 IS - 1760-4788 (Electronic) IS - 1279-7707 (Print) IS - 1279-7707 (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 11 DP - 2026 Nov TI - Impact of cocoa flavanols on blood pressure and vascular function: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PG - 100966 LID - S1279-7707(26)00199-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100966 [doi] LID - 100966 AB - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While elevated blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor, a comprehensive evaluation of not only blood pressure but also vascular function is essential to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the effectiveness of interventions. Cocoa flavanols may lower blood pressure by improving endothelial function, however evidence regarding vascular indices is limited, and findings remain inconsistent and not the latest. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effects of cocoa flavanol intake on blood pressure and vascular function. METHODS: This review was registered in UMIN-CTR (UMIN000059995), and we searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ichushi-Web, JDreamIII, ICTRP and UMIN-CTR for eligible randomized controlled trials up to December 8, 2025. Primary outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP); secondary outcomes were flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2), and certainty of evidence was graded. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies (n = 1,167) included hypertensive and normotensive participants; daily cocoa flavanol doses ranged from 10.6 to 1,680 mg. Both SBP and DBP decreased significantly following cocoa flavanol intake (SBP: MD -2.734 mmHg, 95% CI [-3.446, -2.023]; DBP: MD -1.848 mmHg, 95% CI [-2.725, -0.971]). Significant improvements were also observed for FMD (MD 1.314%, 95% CI [1.043, 1.585]) and PWV (MD -0.200 m/s, 95% CI [-0.393, -0.007]), whereas ABI showed no significant change, with limited evidence from only two studies. Subgroup analyses were consistent for SBP/DBP in both hypertensive and normotensive participants. Dose-response analyses revealed a significant inverse association between SBP or DBP and flavanol intake, but did not identify clear dose thresholds within the examined intake range. Certainty was moderate for SBP; other outcomes were limited. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cocoa flavanol intake of 10.6-1,680 mg/day may modestly reduce blood pressure and may improve selected vascular function indices, although certainty for vascular outcomes remains limited. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved. FAU - Sakuda, Misato AU - Sakuda M AD - Health Science Research Unit, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Ito, Kyoko AU - Ito K AD - Health Science Research Unit, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Adaniya, Yuna AU - Adaniya Y AD - Health Science Research Unit, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Watanabe, Norikazu AU - Watanabe N AD - Yakujihou Marketing Jimusho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Han, Li AU - Han L AD - Yakujihou Marketing Jimusho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Natsume, Midori AU - Natsume M AD - Health Science Research Unit, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Nakamura, Kentaro AU - Nakamura K AD - Health Science Research Unit, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kentarou.nakamura@meiji.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20260901 PL - France TA - J Nutr Health Aging JT - The journal of nutrition, health & aging JID - 100893366 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - *Flavonols/pharmacology MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - *Chocolate MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Hypertension PMC - PMC13563239 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa flavanol OT - Flow mediated dilation OT - Hypertension OT - Meta-analysis OT - Pulse wave velocity COIS- Declaration of competing interest M.S., K.I., Y.A., M.N., and K.N. are employees of Meiji Co., Ltd. L.H. and N.W. are employees of Yakujihou Marketing Jimusho Co., Ltd. Meiji Co., Ltd. is involved in the research and development of food products, including cocoa-containing foods. However, neither Meiji Co., Ltd. nor Yakujihou Marketing Jimusho Co., Ltd. had any role in the production, marketing, or distribution of specific cocoa flavanol-containing products evaluated in this study. The analyses and interpretations presented herein were conducted independently. EDAT- 2026/09/01 23:34 MHDA- 2026/10/27 23:27 PMCR- 2026/09/01 CRDT- 2026/09/01 18:03 PHST- 2026/04/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/08/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/08/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/10/27 23:27 [medline] PHST- 2026/09/01 23:34 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/09/01 18:03 [entrez] PHST- 2026/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1279-7707(26)00199-5 [pii] AID - 100966 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100966 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr Health Aging. 2026 Nov;30(11):100966. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100966. Epub 2026 Sep 1. PMID- 42513607 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20260729 LR - 20260813 IS - 2077-0383 (Print) IS - 2077-0383 (Electronic) IS - 2077-0383 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 14 DP - 2026 Jul 20 TI - Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Vascular Function: A Narrative Review. LID - 10.3390/jcm15145693 [doi] LID - 5693 AB - Vascular aging is a key determinant of cardiovascular risk and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, arterial stiffness, and alterations of the endothelial glycocalyx. In recent years, increasing scientific interest has focused on whether selected nutritional supplements can modulate these mechanisms. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize and critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the effects of selected nutritional supplements on endothelial function and vascular health, with emphasis on their proposed mechanisms of action, available preclinical and clinical evidence, and current limitations. This review examines nutritional supplements targeting nitric oxide biology (L-arginine/L-citrulline and citrulline derived from watermelon), polyphenol-rich foods and extracts (cocoa flavan-3-ols and grape polyphenols), mitochondrial redox balance (coenzyme Q10 and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ), endothelial glycocalyx-supporting formulations, olive-derived bioactive compounds, curcumin, and S-allyl cysteine. Across studies, improvements have been reported primarily in surrogate vascular endpoints, including flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity, and blood pressure, although effect sizes vary and substantial heterogeneity exists among studies. Overall, current evidence suggests that several nutritional supplements may improve surrogate markers of vascular function; however, evidence demonstrating reductions in major cardiovascular events or cardiovascular mortality remains limited. Future research should prioritize adequately powered randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up, standardized supplement formulations, and clinically meaningful cardiovascular outcomes to more clearly define the role of nutritional supplements in cardiovascular prevention. FAU - Katsanaki, Eleni AU - Katsanaki E AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Georgiopoulos, Georgios AU - Georgiopoulos G AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Thymis, John AU - Thymis J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3916-5350 AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Pavlidis, George AU - Pavlidis G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3220-3446 AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Katogiannis, Konstantinos AU - Katogiannis K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1631-5210 AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Nikolaou, Panagiota Efstathia AU - Nikolaou PE AD - Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece. FAU - Vlastos, Dimitrios AU - Vlastos D AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Parissis, John AU - Parissis J AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Lambadiari, Vaia AU - Lambadiari V AD - Research Unit and Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. FAU - Ikonomidis, Ignatios AU - Ikonomidis I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8241-7886 AD - 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260720 PL - Switzerland TA - J Clin Med JT - Journal of clinical medicine JID - 101606588 PMC - PMC13412615 OTO - NOTNLM OT - L-citrulline OT - arterial stiffness OT - coenzyme Q10 OT - endothelial function OT - flow-mediated dilation OT - nitric oxide OT - nutraceuticals OT - nutritional supplements OT - oxidative stress OT - vascular function COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2026/07/28 06:37 MHDA- 2026/07/28 06:38 PMCR- 2026/07/20 CRDT- 2026/07/28 01:15 PHST- 2026/06/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/07/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/07/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/07/28 06:38 [medline] PHST- 2026/07/28 06:37 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/07/28 01:15 [entrez] PHST- 2026/07/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jcm15145693 [pii] AID - jcm-15-05693 [pii] AID - 10.3390/jcm15145693 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Clin Med. 2026 Jul 20;15(14):5693. doi: 10.3390/jcm15145693. PMID- 42512315 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20260729 LR - 20260813 IS - 2072-6694 (Print) IS - 2072-6694 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6694 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 14 DP - 2026 Jul 14 TI - Integrative Multi-Transcriptomic Uncovers Actionable Signatures and Drug Repurposing Candidates for ccRCC-Hypertension Comorbidity. LID - 10.3390/cancers18142250 [doi] LID - 2250 AB - BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a common comorbidity and risk factor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), yet the molecular mechanisms linking these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate hypertension-related molecular signatures in ccRCC using integrated multi-transcriptomic analyses. METHOD: Hypertension-related differentially expressed genes (DEHRGs) in ccRCC were identified by integrating transcriptomic data from the TCGA-KIRC cohort with the GeneCards database. Functional enrichment, WGCNA, machine learning, GSVA, survival analysis, and Mendelian randomization were performed to identify and characterize hub genes. Spatial and single-cell transcriptomic analyses were used to investigate tumor heterogeneity and predict candidate therapeutic compounds, which were subsequently evaluated in vitro. RESULTS: Four hypertension-related hub genes-SCNN1G, CASR, KCNJ1, and WNK4-were identified and were mainly involved in ion transport, electrolyte homeostasis, and blood pressure regulation. Diagnostic models based on these genes showed good discriminatory performance between tumor and normal tissues, and the nomogram showed good calibration and potential clinical benefit. Higher hypertension-related transcriptional activity was associated with significantly poorer overall survival, while MR analysis suggested a genetic association with ccRCC risk. Spatial transcriptomics revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity of SCNN1G, CASR, KCNJ1, and WNK4, with these hub genes predominantly enriched in stromal and immune regions. Single-cell-based drug screening identified candidate compounds predicted to have antitumor activity, among which epicatechin gallate (ECG) and pseudoginsenoside-F11 showed favorable tumor selectivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study systematically characterized hypertension-related molecular signatures in ccRCC and identified SCNN1G, CASR, KCNJ1, and WNK4 as key hub genes. These genes may contribute to the molecular association between hypertension and ccRCC. They also represent promising candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Integrated spatial and single-cell analyses further identified pseudoginsenoside-F11 and ECG as potential therapeutic compounds and supporting a potential molecular association between hypertension and ccRCC. FAU - Zhang, Yinnan AU - Zhang Y AD - Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. FAU - Kho, Boon Seng AU - Kho BS AD - Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. FAU - Wang, Xixi AU - Wang X AD - Rehabilitation Department, Changzhou Children's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 213003, China. FAU - Lu, Huanhuan AU - Lu H AD - Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. FAU - Zhu, Miao AU - Zhu M AD - Rehabilitation Department, Changzhou Children's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 213003, China. AD - Department of Hematology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China. FAU - Zhu, Rentao AU - Zhu R AD - Kunshan Fifth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215341, China. FAU - Wang, Yinyin AU - Wang Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0323-5345 AD - Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. LA - eng GR - No. 82405199/Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - No. BK 20231024/Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Youths/ GR - No. 82405499/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - No. ZD202349/2023 Science and Technology Project of Changzhou Health Commission/ GR - No. EY201908/Hospital-Level Project of Changzhou Children's Hospital/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260714 PL - Switzerland TA - Cancers (Basel) JT - Cancers JID - 101526829 PMC - PMC13406899 OTO - NOTNLM OT - clear cell renal cell carcinoma OT - hypertension OT - integrative analysis COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2026/07/28 06:37 MHDA- 2026/07/28 06:38 PMCR- 2026/07/14 CRDT- 2026/07/28 01:11 PHST- 2026/06/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/07/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/07/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/07/28 06:38 [medline] PHST- 2026/07/28 06:37 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/07/28 01:11 [entrez] PHST- 2026/07/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cancers18142250 [pii] AID - cancers-18-02250 [pii] AID - 10.3390/cancers18142250 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cancers (Basel). 2026 Jul 14;18(14):2250. doi: 10.3390/cancers18142250. PMID- 42394158 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260730 LR - 20260813 IS - 1469-445X (Electronic) IS - 0958-0670 (Print) IS - 0958-0670 (Linking) VI - 111 IP - 8 DP - 2026 Aug TI - Long-term adverse cardiovascular changes induced by cocoa shell extract administration through lactation in fetal undernourished and control rats. PG - 3667-3683 LID - 10.1113/EP093742 [doi] AB - Cocoa shell extract (CSE; rich in antioxidant compounds) administered to adult hypertensive rats exposed to fetal undernutrition (MUN) reduces blood pressure, improving cardiovascular alterations. We aimed to explore lactation as a reprogramming window, evaluating the long-term effects of CSE supplementation during this period. MUN and control (C) dams were given 250 mg/kg/day CSE (5 days/week) or vehicle (VEH) in gelatine throughout lactation. Blood pressure (tail-cuff plethysmography), heart (echocardiography) and mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) function (wire myography) and structure (pressure myography, confocal microscopy) were studied in 8-month-old offspring. MUN-VEH rats had significantly higher blood pressure and reduced MRA internal diameter compared with C-VEH counterparts. MUN-VEH males also had smaller left ventricular mass index, acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside relaxations and increased stiffness, whereas MUN-VEH females had elevated maximal noradrenaline-evoked contractions. CSE administration led to lower body weight in most groups and a lower blood pressure in MUN-CSE, but not C-CSE rats, compared with non-treated counterparts. Supplementation reduced left ventricular mass index, heart rate and ejection fraction in all groups and worsened MRA acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation in MUN-CSE females and C-CSE males and females. CSE induced medial layer hypertrophy in all groups; it increased internal diameter only in MUN-CSE rats and it elevated wall-to-lumen ratio in C-CSE rats. In conclusion, although CSE supplementation during lactation prevented the development of hypertension in MUN rats, the induced cardiovascular functional and structural alterations, particularly in control offspring, suggest detrimental effects of CSE bioactive components, at least at the dose used. This study highlights the need for caution when administering supplements during lactation. CI - (c) 2026 The Author(s). Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society. FAU - Ruvira, Santiago AU - Ruvira S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2216-5335 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Pilar AU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez P AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Iampanichakul, Metee AU - Iampanichakul M AD - Department of Physiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. FAU - Quintana-Villamandos, Begona AU - Quintana-Villamandos B AD - Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Morales, Dolores AU - Morales D AD - Confocal Microscopy Service (SiDI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ramiro-Cortijo, David AU - Ramiro-Cortijo D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7442-1586 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Arribas, Silvia M AU - Arribas SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7103-6105 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - RTI2018-097504-B-I00/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades from Spain/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260702 PL - England TA - Exp Physiol JT - Experimental physiology JID - 9002940 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Female MH - *Lactation/drug effects/physiology MH - *Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Rats MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Male MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Vasodilation/drug effects MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - *Cardiovascular System/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Vascular Resistance/drug effects MH - *Fetal Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology/drug therapy MH - Heart/drug effects PMC - PMC13394265 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa shell extract OT - ejection fraction OT - lactation OT - mesenteric resistance artery OT - remodelling OT - vasodilatation COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2026/07/03 06:30 MHDA- 2026/07/30 18:36 PMCR- 2026/07/02 CRDT- 2026/07/03 01:24 PHST- 2026/02/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/06/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/07/30 18:36 [medline] PHST- 2026/07/03 06:30 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/07/03 01:24 [entrez] PHST- 2026/07/02 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - EPH70380 [pii] AID - 10.1113/EP093742 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Exp Physiol. 2026 Aug;111(8):3667-3683. doi: 10.1113/EP093742. Epub 2026 Jul 2. PMID- 42325523 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20260622 LR - 20260813 IS - 2296-861X (Print) IS - 2296-861X (Electronic) IS - 2296-861X (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2026 TI - Dietary polyphenols in pediatric obesity and cardiometabolic risk: mechanisms and clinical evidence. PG - 1849842 LID - 10.3389/fnut.2026.1849842 [doi] LID - 1849842 AB - INTRODUCTION: Pediatric obesity is a major global health concern and is associated with early cardiometabolic alterations, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Dietary polyphenols, naturally present in fruits, vegetables, legumes, cocoa, and tea, have emerged as potential nutritional modulators of these pathways because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, and microbiota-related effects. METHODS: This narrative overview summarizes current evidence on the role of dietary polyphenols in pediatric obesity and cardiometabolic risk. It examines the main biological mechanisms through which polyphenols may influence oxidative stress, inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular function, and gut microbiota composition. It also reviews the available observational and clinical evidence in children and adolescents, with particular attention to polyphenol-rich dietary patterns. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that polyphenols may influence key mechanisms involved in pediatric obesity, including oxidative stress, inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial function, and gut microbiota balance. Observational studies indicate that polyphenol-rich dietary patterns, especially Mediterranean-style diets, are associated with more favorable adiposity and cardiometabolic profiles in children and adolescents. However, pediatric clinical trials remain limited and heterogeneous, preventing firm conclusions on efficacy and long-term safety. CONCLUSION: Polyphenols are biologically plausible contributors to cardiometabolic health in pediatric obesity, but current evidence mainly supports food-based dietary patterns rather than isolated supplementation. Larger pediatric-specific trials are needed to clarify their clinical relevance and long-term benefits. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 Calcaterra, Cena, Conti, Scavone, Basilico, Quatrale and Zuccotti. FAU - Calcaterra, Valeria AU - Calcaterra V AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. AD - Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy. FAU - Cena, Hellas AU - Cena H AD - Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. AD - Clinical Nutrition Unit, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy. FAU - Conti, Maria Vittoria AU - Conti MV AD - Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. FAU - Scavone, Ilaria Anna Maria AU - Scavone IAM AD - Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy. FAU - Basilico, Sara AU - Basilico S AD - Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. FAU - Quatrale, Antonia AU - Quatrale A AD - Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy. FAU - Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo AU - Zuccotti G AD - Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy. AD - Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, Milan, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260605 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Nutr JT - Frontiers in nutrition JID - 101642264 PMC - PMC13278863 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiometabolic risk OT - inflammation OT - insulin resistance OT - pediatric obesity OT - polyphenols COIS- The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2026/06/22 13:43 MHDA- 2026/06/22 13:44 PMCR- 2026/06/05 CRDT- 2026/06/22 06:58 PHST- 2026/04/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/04/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/05/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/06/22 13:44 [medline] PHST- 2026/06/22 13:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/06/22 06:58 [entrez] PHST- 2026/06/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fnut.2026.1849842 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Nutr. 2026 Jun 5;13:1849842. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1849842. eCollection 2026. PMID- 42298350 OWN - NLM STAT- Publisher LR - 20260616 IS - 1538-4683 (Electronic) IS - 1061-5377 (Linking) DP - 2026 Jun 16 TI - Chocolate and Cardiovascular Disease. LID - 10.1097/CRD.0000000000001372 [doi] AB - Moderate dark chocolate consumption may serve as a possible adjunct strategy to diminish cardiometabolic and cardiovascular (CV) risks due to its physiological and potential CV and general health effects, such as the regulation of blood pressure, insulin levels, vascular functions, oxidation processes, prebiotic effects, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and a reduction in the risk of CV disease and mortality. Chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, is known for its antioxidant properties, ascribed to its content of cocoa flavonoids that promote CV health. Enriching chocolate with phytosterols, known to be effective in reducing cholesterol levels, has the potential to further enhance its CV benefits. Such an enrichment provides a palatable and cost-effective means of delivering these beneficial compounds to the body, improves its nutritional profile and functional properties, and also renders it a potential dietary supplement for cholesterol management. Also, chocolate is an energy-dense food rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, amino acids, and alkaloids. Studies have demonstrated certain benefits of moderate consumption via the reduction of oxidative and inflammatory burden, possible improvement of cognitive function, and maintenance of diversity in gut microbiota. Based on the data herein presented, chocolate may constitute an important part of a CV healthy diet when used in moderation. Nevertheless, further translational and epidemiologic studies are needed to corroborate current results, assess other possible effects, and provide guidance on how best to employ chocolate in the daily diet in terms of quantity, type, and time. CI - Copyright (c) 2026 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Manolis, Antonis A AU - Manolis AA AD - From the Department of Medicine, Elpis General Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Manolis, Theodora A AU - Manolis TA AD - Department of Psychiatry, Aiginiteio University Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Vouliotis, Apostolos AU - Vouliotis A AD - Department of Cardiology, Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece. FAU - Manolis, Antonis S AU - Manolis AS AD - First Department of Cardiology, Hippokrateio University Hospital, Athens, Greece. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260616 PL - United States TA - Cardiol Rev JT - Cardiology in review JID - 9304686 SB - IM OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular health OT - chocolate OT - cholesterol OT - diabetes OT - polyphenols COIS- Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. EDAT- 2026/06/16 06:35 MHDA- 2026/06/16 06:35 CRDT- 2026/06/16 00:03 PHST- 2026/06/16 06:35 [medline] PHST- 2026/06/16 06:35 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/06/16 00:03 [entrez] AID - 00045415-990000000-00906 [pii] AID - 10.1097/CRD.0000000000001372 [doi] PST - aheadofprint SO - Cardiol Rev. 2026 Jun 16. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000001372. PMID- 42164310 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20260521 LR - 20260813 IS - 2211-3355 (Print) IS - 2211-3355 (Electronic) IS - 2211-3355 (Linking) VI - 66 DP - 2026 Jun TI - The associations of BMI-for-age with cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers, lifestyle and quality of life in 6-12-year-old children in Finland. PG - 103487 LID - 10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103487 [doi] LID - 103487 AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of BMI-for-age with lifestyle, quality of life, and levels of cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. METHODS: The study included 47 children with obesity aged 6-12 years in Hyvinkaa area, Finland, between January 2019 and January 2023. Lifestyle and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires and a four-day food diary. Anthropometric measurements were performed, blood pressure measured, and fasting plasma samples drawn. RESULTS: Increased BMI-for-age was associated with increased plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (standardized coefficient beta = 0.33, p = 0.03) but decreased total (beta = -0.35, p = 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (beta = -0.30, p = 0.03). A greater frequency of drinking hot chocolate (beta = 0.33, p = 0.03), eating fatty sweet pastries (beta = 0.37, p = 0.01) and eating fatty salty pastries (beta = 0.34, p = 0.02) were associated with higher BMI-for-age. Physical activity was low. The higher the BMI-for-age the more difficulties there were in experienced physical well-being (beta = 0.39, p = 0.03). Almost half (43%) of the participants had been bullied. The association of being bullied with higher BMI-for-age approached statistical significance (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased risk of low-grade inflammation in children with obesity. Lifestyles are associated with weight gain and the risk of obesity, and children with obesity have difficulties in physical well-being and experience of being bullied. CI - (c) 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Martikainen, A AU - Martikainen A AD - Clinical Nutrition, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkaa, Finland. FAU - Eloranta, A-M AU - Eloranta AM AD - Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. AD - Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. AD - Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland. FAU - Schwab, U AU - Schwab U AD - Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. AD - Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland. FAU - Ormala, T AU - Ormala T AD - Department of Paediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkaa Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260430 PL - United States TA - Prev Med Rep JT - Preventive medicine reports JID - 101643766 PMC - PMC13186061 OTO - NOTNLM OT - BMI-for-age OT - CRP OT - Children OT - Food consumption OT - Inflammation OT - Physical activity COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2026/05/21 06:31 MHDA- 2026/05/21 06:32 PMCR- 2026/04/30 CRDT- 2026/05/21 04:39 PHST- 2026/02/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/04/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/04/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/05/21 06:32 [medline] PHST- 2026/05/21 06:31 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/05/21 04:39 [entrez] PHST- 2026/04/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2211-3355(26)00115-4 [pii] AID - 103487 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103487 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Prev Med Rep. 2026 Apr 30;66:103487. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103487. eCollection 2026 Jun. PMID- 42076005 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260716 LR - 20260813 IS - 1420-3049 (Electronic) IS - 1420-3049 (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 8 DP - 2026 Apr 17 TI - The In Vitro Multifaceted Biological Activity of Catechins in Relation to Their Oxidation Potentials. LID - 10.3390/molecules31081328 [doi] LID - 1328 AB - In this study, the rank of multifaceted activity of catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was addressed. Their antioxidant activity was determined by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), whereas their ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), and formation of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was performed in a model system to show their importance against hypertension, Alzheimer-type dementia, and diabetic's complication, respectively. The order of the antioxidant potential of catechins in comparision to gallic acid (GA) was EGCG > ECG > EC > EGC approximately C > GA, whereas the order of the ACE inhibitory activity was EGCG > ECG > EGC > EC > C, thus indicating the importance of the structure-activity relationship. The correlation between IC(50) for ACE inhibition of catechins and their antioxidant activity had the value r = -0.60. The order of the AChE enzyme inhibitory activity was EGCG approximately EGC > ECG > EC > C, and the weak positive correlation between IC(50) and the first anodic peak potential (E(pa1)) values was noted (r = 0.67). The ranking of the anti-AGE activities was EGCG approximately ECG > EGC > EC > C, and a negative correlation between the inhibitory activity of catechins against AGE formation and their antioxidant activity was r = -0.82, whereas a positive correlation (r = 0.88) was noted between their first anodic peak potential (E(pa1)) values. The provided results expand our knowledge on the multifaceted activity of catechins, indicating EGCG and ECG as the most active antioxidants against inhibition of ACE and AChE as well as towards AGE formation. FAU - Wronkowska, Malgorzata AU - Wronkowska M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7418-738X AD - InLife Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trylinskiego 18, 10-683 Olsztyn, Poland. FAU - Zielinska, Danuta AU - Zielinska D AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 4, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland. FAU - Starowicz, Malgorzata AU - Starowicz M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6053-2250 AD - InLife Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trylinskiego 18, 10-683 Olsztyn, Poland. FAU - Szydlowski, Mateusz AU - Szydlowski M AD - InLife Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trylinskiego 18, 10-683 Olsztyn, Poland. FAU - Piskula, Mariusz Konrad AU - Piskula MK AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7953-0909 AD - InLife Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trylinskiego 18, 10-683 Olsztyn, Poland. FAU - Zielinski, Henryk AU - Zielinski H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4333-6677 AD - InLife Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trylinskiego 18, 10-683 Olsztyn, Poland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260417 PL - Switzerland TA - Molecules JT - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 100964009 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Glycation End Products, Advanced) RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 92587OVD8Z (epicatechin gallate) RN - EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase) RN - 0 (Cholinesterase Inhibitors) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) RN - 0 (Antiglycation Agents) RN - EC 3.4.15.1 (Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A) RN - 632XD903SP (Gallic Acid) SB - IM MH - *Catechin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology MH - *Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Oxidation-Reduction MH - Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry MH - *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism/chemistry MH - Cholinesterase Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Structure-Activity Relationship MH - Antiglycation Agents MH - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism/chemistry MH - Gallic Acid/chemistry PMC - PMC13118947 OTO - NOTNLM OT - acetylcholinesterase inhibition OT - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition OT - antiglycation activity OT - antioxidant potency OT - catechins COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2026/05/04 06:32 MHDA- 2026/05/04 06:33 PMCR- 2026/04/17 CRDT- 2026/05/04 01:20 PHST- 2026/02/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/04/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/04/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/05/04 06:33 [medline] PHST- 2026/05/04 06:32 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/05/04 01:20 [entrez] PHST- 2026/04/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - molecules31081328 [pii] AID - molecules-31-01328 [pii] AID - 10.3390/molecules31081328 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Molecules. 2026 Apr 17;31(8):1328. doi: 10.3390/molecules31081328. PMID- 42004823 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20260421 LR - 20260813 IS - 2589-9368 (Electronic) IS - 2589-9368 (Linking) VI - 30 DP - 2026 Jun TI - Comparative effects of regular, bloomed or white chocolate on cardiovascular and antioxidant markers in healthy adults. PG - 100465 LID - 10.1016/j.metop.2026.100465 [doi] LID - 100465 AB - BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for effective dietary strategies to mitigate risk. Cocoa-rich dark chocolate contains bioactive compounds with reported cardioprotective effects; however, evidence regarding the impact of fat-bloomed chocolate in humans is limited. This study evaluated the effects of 15-day consumption of isocaloric portions (316 kcal/day; approximately 50 g) of regular dark chocolate (70% cocoa), bloomed dark chocolate (70% cocoa), and white chocolate (0% cocoa) on cardiovascular and antioxidant markers in healthy adults. METHODS: Thirty-six participants (27 females, 9 males) completed the intervention. Outcome measures included blood pressure, skin blood flow, lipid profile, fasting glucose, inflammatory markers, and total antioxidant capacity. The study also assessed whether fat blooming alters the functional properties of dark chocolate. RESULTS: Neither regular nor bloomed dark chocolate significantly affected blood pressure or skin blood flow. In contrast, white chocolate significantly reduced skin blood flow (P = 0.015). Both dark chocolate groups demonstrated non-significant changes toward lower fasting glucose (P = 0.090) and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.088), changes not observed in the white chocolate group. Total antioxidant capacity increased significantly following both dark chocolate interventions (P < 0.05), with no change in the white chocolate group. CONCLUSION: Bloomed dark chocolate retained comparable antioxidant and cardiometabolic effects to regular dark chocolate. These findings suggest that fat blooming does not diminish the functional properties of dark chocolate. Larger, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings and inform recommendations for chocolate consumption in CVD prevention. CI - (c) 2026 The Authors. FAU - Chatagnier, Louise AU - Chatagnier L AD - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. FAU - Orsa, Christina AU - Orsa C AD - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. FAU - Plumlee, Deva AU - Plumlee D AD - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. FAU - Wright, Alely AU - Wright A AD - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. FAU - Hong, Mee Young AU - Hong MY AD - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260404 PL - England TA - Metabol Open JT - Metabolism open JID - 101767753 PMC - PMC13090627 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antioxidants OT - Cardiovascular diseases OT - Chocolate OT - Chocolate blooming COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2026/04/20 13:10 MHDA- 2026/04/20 13:11 PMCR- 2026/04/04 CRDT- 2026/04/20 07:33 PHST- 2026/02/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/03/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/04/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/04/20 13:11 [medline] PHST- 2026/04/20 13:10 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/04/20 07:33 [entrez] PHST- 2026/04/04 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2589-9368(26)00024-1 [pii] AID - 100465 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.metop.2026.100465 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Metabol Open. 2026 Apr 4;30:100465. doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2026.100465. eCollection 2026 Jun. PMID- 41991057 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260715 LR - 20260813 IS - 1559-2030 (Electronic) IS - 1551-7144 (Print) IS - 1551-7144 (Linking) VI - 165 DP - 2026 Jun TI - Effects of pistachio consumption on cognition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and life satisfaction in older adults: Protocol for a remote-based randomized controlled trial. PG - 108316 LID - S1551-7144(26)00102-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.cct.2026.108316 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Pistachios contain key nutrients and bioactive compounds that may be particularly relevant for cognition health. Although short-term pistachio intervention trials have demonstrated improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors implicated in cognitive decline, the potential cognitive effects of pistachio consumption remain to be adequately elucidated. METHODS AND DESIGN: This remote-based, 6-month randomized controlled trial will test the effects of a pistachio-enriched diet (1.25 oz./d), compared to usual diet, on cognitive function in older US adults (target n = 80). Key eligibility criteria include: active participation in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS), age 65-80 years, current nut intake of 0.05). Cocoa ingestion dose-dependently decreased CBRS (repeated-measures ANOVA, P = 0.009). CBRS was significantly lower following 26 g of cocoa compared with 0 g (12.1 +/- 5.7 vs. 18.2 +/- 7.7 ms/mmHg, post hoc test, P = 0.018). In addition, CBRS was significantly and negatively correlated with cocoa dose (R = -0.35, P = 0.003). The data suggest that acute cocoa ingestion dose-dependently reduces CBRS in healthy older adults. As reduced CBRS may be associated with increased cardiovascular risks, this potential effect of cocoa warrants attention despite its known cardiovascular benefits.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Evidence suggests that regular consumption of cocoa products reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the present study demonstrates that acute cocoa ingestion decreases cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (CBRS) in a dose-dependent manner in healthy older adults. Because low CBRS may be associated with adverse cardiovascular events, the effects of cocoa on reducing CBRS warrant attention, particularly in individuals with compromised cardiovascular regulation. FAU - Hamaoka, Mami AU - Hamaoka M AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Lott, Mary E J AU - Lott MEJ AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Eckman, Zoe AU - Eckman Z AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Leuenberger, Urs A AU - Leuenberger UA AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Blaha, Cheryl AU - Blaha C AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Hamaoka, Takuto AU - Hamaoka T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7353-8472 AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Luck, Jonathan Carter AU - Luck JC AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Sinoway, Lawrence I AU - Sinoway LI AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. FAU - Cui, Jian AU - Cui J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4015-9484 AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. LA - eng GR - R01 HL164571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - HL164571/HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ GR - HL144781/HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ GR - R01 HL144781/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR002014/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20260319 PL - United States TA - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol JT - American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology JID - 100901230 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Baroreflex/drug effects/physiology MH - Female MH - Male MH - Aged MH - Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Chocolate MH - *Cacao MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - *Heart/innervation/physiology PMC - PMC13373647 MID - NIHMS2191397 OTO - NOTNLM OT - autonomic OT - cardiac baroreflex OT - cocoa OT - hemodynamic EDAT- 2026/03/19 21:44 MHDA- 2026/04/07 12:32 PMCR- 2026/07/16 CRDT- 2026/03/19 13:23 PHST- 2026/04/07 12:32 [medline] PHST- 2026/03/19 21:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/03/19 13:23 [entrez] PHST- 2026/07/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1152/ajpregu.00203.2025 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2026 Apr 1;330(4):R442-R449. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00203.2025. Epub 2026 Mar 19. PMID- 41754152 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260709 LR - 20260813 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 4 DP - 2026 Feb 14 TI - Beyond Taste: The Impact of Chocolate on Cardiovascular and Steatotic Liver Disease Risk Factors. LID - 10.3390/nu18040636 [doi] LID - 636 AB - Cardiovascular diseases and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are increasing sharply worldwide and share overlapping pathophysiological pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Dark chocolate, rich in cocoa flavanols such as epicatechin and catechin, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on these properties, this narrative review uniquely integrates evidence on chocolate's effects on both cardiovascular and hepatic health, exploring shared mechanisms and clinical implications. Evidence from clinical studies suggests that chocolate modulates nitric oxide bioavailability and NADPH oxidase activity. Clinical findings demonstrate improvements in flow-mediated dilation, decreased NT-proBNP, reduced intestinal permeability and endotoxemia, improved lipid profile (increased HDL-c and reduced total cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides), increased plasma polyphenols, improved platelet function, and attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis. These findings suggest a potential role for cocoa flavanol-rich dark chocolate in cardiometabolic health; however, the evidence remains preliminary and is limited by heterogeneous study designs, small sample sizes, and short intervention durations. Despite these limitations, current evidence supports the inclusion of moderate dark chocolate consumption as a possible adjunct strategy to mitigate cardiometabolic and hepatic metabolic risks. Further large-scale, long-term trials are needed to confirm these beneficial effects and to standardize the dosage and formulation of cocoa flavanols. FAU - Tomaru, Julia Mayumi AU - Tomaru JM AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Nunes, Iara Ribeiro AU - Nunes IR AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Santiago, Caroline Fernandes de Souza AU - Santiago CFS AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Otoboni, Alda Maria Machado Bueno AU - Otoboni AMMB AD - Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia 17500-000, SP, Brazil. FAU - Mendes, Claudemir Gregorio AU - Mendes CG AD - Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Fiorini, Adriana Maria Ragassi AU - Fiorini AMR AD - Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia 17500-000, SP, Brazil. FAU - Guiguer, Elen Landgraf AU - Guiguer EL AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. AD - Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia 17500-000, SP, Brazil. AD - Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Nicolau, Claudia Cristina Teixeira AU - Nicolau CCT AD - Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia 17500-000, SP, Brazil. FAU - Carvalho, Antonelly Cassio Alves AU - Carvalho ACA AD - Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Spilla, Caio Sergio Galina AU - Spilla CSG AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Yanaguizawa Junior, Jose Luiz AU - Yanaguizawa Junior JL AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Valenti, Vitor Engracia AU - Valenti VE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7477-3805 AD - Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Marilia Campus, Marilia 17525-900, SP, Brazil. FAU - Goulart, Ricardo de Alvares AU - Goulart RA AD - Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. FAU - Abreu, Luiz Carlos de AU - Abreu LC AD - Faculty of Education & Health Services, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland. AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29075-910, ES, Brazil. FAU - Laurindo, Lucas Fornari AU - Laurindo LF AD - Division of Cellular Growth, Hemodynamics, and Homeostasis Disorders, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil. FAU - Barbalho, Sandra Maria AU - Barbalho SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5035-876X AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. AD - Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia 17500-000, SP, Brazil. AD - Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. AD - Department of Research, Research Coordination Center, UNIMAR Charitable Hospital, Universidade de Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260214 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Chocolate/analysis MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control/etiology MH - Risk Factors MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - *Fatty Liver/prevention & control MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology PMC - PMC12943539 OTO - NOTNLM OT - anti-inflammatory OT - antioxidant OT - cardiovascular OT - chocolate OT - cocoa OT - liver diseases COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2026/02/27 06:31 MHDA- 2026/03/06 09:10 PMCR- 2026/02/14 CRDT- 2026/02/27 01:17 PHST- 2025/11/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/01/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2026/02/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/03/06 09:10 [medline] PHST- 2026/02/27 06:31 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/02/27 01:17 [entrez] PHST- 2026/02/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu18040636 [pii] AID - nutrients-18-00636 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu18040636 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2026 Feb 14;18(4):636. doi: 10.3390/nu18040636. PMID- 41733709 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260627 LR - 20261009 IS - 1573-4978 (Electronic) IS - 0301-4851 (Linking) VI - 53 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Feb 24 TI - Modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by flavonoids via SIRT1 signalling in metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. LID - 422 [pii] LID - 10.1007/s11033-026-11599-z [doi] AB - Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis has emerged as a key pathogenic feature of MetS, while flavonoids are increasingly recognised for their ability to modulate mitochondrial function through SIRT1-dependent pathways. This review aims to critically evaluate the role of flavonoids in modulating mitochondrial biogenesis via SIRT1 signalling in MetS, with emphasis on mechanistic evidence. A systematic review was conducted with a mechanistic focus, integrating preclinical and translational evidence to assess the role of flavonoids in MetS through SIRT1. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 2025 using the keywords "flavonoids," "flavonols," "SIRT1," "AMPK," "GLUT4," and "metabolic syndrome." Flavonols have emerged as the most extensively studied subclass of flavonoids in MetS models, with compounds such as quercetin, myricetin, and luteolin demonstrating consistent protective effects. These effects were mediated by AMPK activation, GLUT4 translocation, and mitochondrial biogenesis via SIRT1 signalling, thereby improving insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite robust mechanistic evidence, no clinical trials to date have evaluated flavonols in the context of MetS. Limitations, such as poor bioavailability, pharmacokinetic variability, and the absence of standardised formulations, continue to hinder their clinical translation. To overcome translational barriers, future research should prioritise randomised controlled trials, alongside innovative strategies such as nanoformulations, microbiome-targeted interventions, and flavonoid-inspired therapeutics. Addressing these gaps could establish the flavonoid-SIRT1 axis as a novel therapeutic avenue for MetS. FAU - Sahariah, Prastuti AU - Sahariah P AD - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India. FAU - Saikia, Lunasmrita AU - Saikia L AD - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India. FAU - Bharali, Albert AU - Bharali A AD - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India. FAU - Law, Douglas AU - Law D AD - Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Nilai, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. FAU - Sen, Saikat AU - Sen S AD - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India. FAU - Dutta, Partha Pratim AU - Dutta PP AD - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India. partha184@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20260224 PL - Netherlands TA - Mol Biol Rep JT - Molecular biology reports JID - 0403234 RN - EC 3.5.1.- (Sirtuin 1) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - EC 3.5.1.- (SIRT1 protein, human) SB - IM MH - *Sirtuin 1/metabolism MH - Humans MH - *Flavonoids/pharmacology/metabolism MH - *Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/drug therapy MH - Signal Transduction/drug effects MH - Animals MH - Mitochondria/metabolism/drug effects MH - *Organelle Biogenesis MH - Insulin Resistance OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dyslipidaemia OT - Flavanols OT - Insulin Resistance OT - Mitochondrial Dysfunction OT - SIRT1 COIS- Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Use of AI Tools: The author(s) declare that AI tools, specifically ChatGPT by OpenAI, were used solely to paraphrase some sentences and substitute certain words to improve language and reduce potential plagiarism. No content, including original sentences, figures, or images, was generated using AI tools. All scientific content and interpretations are entirely the work of the author(s). EDAT- 2026/02/24 18:46 MHDA- 2026/06/27 12:39 CRDT- 2026/02/24 11:17 PHST- 2025/11/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/02/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/06/27 12:39 [medline] PHST- 2026/02/24 18:46 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/02/24 11:17 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11033-026-11599-z [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11033-026-11599-z [doi] PST - epublish SO - Mol Biol Rep. 2026 Feb 24;53(1):422. doi: 10.1007/s11033-026-11599-z. PMID- 41695108 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20260216 LR - 20260926 IS - 2048-7177 (Print) IS - 2048-7177 (Electronic) IS - 2048-7177 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 2 DP - 2026 Feb TI - Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Implications for Cardiovascular Health. PG - e71441 LID - 10.1002/fsn3.71441 [doi] LID - e71441 AB - Polyphenols, bioactive compounds abundant in plant-based foods, have attracted significant interest for their potential cardiovascular benefits. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on how polyphenols contained in extra virgin olive oil impact cardiovascular health, including their molecular mechanisms of action and clinical effects. Polyphenols exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vascular cells by modulating key signaling pathways (e.g., NF-kappaB, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt) and activating endothelial nitric oxide production, which collectively may improve endothelial function and reduce atherosclerotic burden. We review human trials of polyphenol-rich foods (such as berries, cocoa, tea, and wine) and isolated polyphenol supplements, which generally report improvements in blood pressure, vascular function, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers-though results are not uniform. Limitations of these trials (small sample sizes, short durations) and variability in individual responses are discussed. We also consider the role of polyphenol metabolism and bioavailability, noting that gut microbiota-derived metabolites (e.g., urolithins, equol) likely contribute to the cardioprotective effects. Overall, a diet rich in diverse polyphenols appears to confer cardiovascular benefits, but more personalized research is needed to define optimal types and doses for specific patient profiles. Practical recommendations for incorporating polyphenol-rich foods into cardiovascular prevention strategies are provided. CI - (c) 2026 The Author(s). Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - Vazquez-Jimenez, Cristina AU - Vazquez-Jimenez C AUID- ORCID: 0009-0007-8392-686X AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Malaga Malaga Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Perez, M feminine Dolores AU - Rodriguez-Perez MD AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Malaga Malaga Spain. FAU - Ortega-Hombrados, Laura AU - Ortega-Hombrados L AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Malaga Malaga Spain. FAU - Sanchez-Tevar, Ana Maria AU - Sanchez-Tevar AM AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Malaga Malaga Spain. FAU - de la Cruz-Cortes, Jose Pedro AU - de la Cruz-Cortes JP AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Malaga Malaga Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Correa, Jose A AU - Gonzalez-Correa JA AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Malaga Malaga Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260213 PL - United States TA - Food Sci Nutr JT - Food science & nutrition JID - 101605473 PMC - PMC12902800 EDAT- 2026/02/16 12:32 MHDA- 2026/02/16 12:33 PMCR- 2026/02/13 CRDT- 2026/02/16 06:46 PHST- 2025/06/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/11/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/12/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/02/16 12:33 [medline] PHST- 2026/02/16 12:32 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/02/16 06:46 [entrez] PHST- 2026/02/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - FSN371441 [pii] AID - 10.1002/fsn3.71441 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Sci Nutr. 2026 Feb 13;14(2):e71441. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71441. eCollection 2026 Feb. PMID- 41663791 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260627 LR - 20260920 IS - 1573-9104 (Electronic) IS - 0921-9668 (Print) IS - 0921-9668 (Linking) VI - 81 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Feb 10 TI - Antiobesity Potential of Selected Latin American Edible Plants: A Review. PG - 18 LID - 10.1007/s11130-026-01467-3 [doi] LID - 18 AB - The antiobesity potential of some plants refers to their capacity to suppress appetite, inhibit digestive enzymes and interfere in fat absorption to control or reduce weight and preferentially without side effects. Healthy dietary habits, in addition to exercise, improve or delay the complications associated with obesity (e.g., prevention and control of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease, and obstructive sleep apnea), and consequently quality of life. An effective strategy to maintain a healthy body weight is including food plants in the daily diet. Many food crops comprise bioactive compounds with a wide range of health benefits, such as unsaturated fatty acids, soluble and insoluble fiber, pigments (chlorophyll, betalains, carotenes, anthocyanins), phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and stilbenes, among others. Due to the side effects of synthetic antioxidants and antiobesity drugs, scientists are now focusing on natural products which produce better effects and less side effects. Nowadays, research is aiming on the outstanding characteristics of crops that have been used from ancient times in different regions worldwide, including Latin America. In this review, we revised the state of knowledge of the nutraceutical and antiobesity properties of different native cultivars of Latin America, including, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), chia (Salvia hispanica), amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus), nopal (Opuntia spp.), avocado (Persea americana), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and cacao (Theobroma cacao). We hope that the selected food sources from this region will have a better use in the control of overweight and obesity. FAU - Hernandez-Perez, Talia AU - Hernandez-Perez T AD - Departamento de Biotecnologia y Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico. FAU - Paredes-Lopez, Octavio AU - Paredes-Lopez O AD - Departamento de Biotecnologia y Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico. octavio.paredes@cinvestav.mx. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20260210 PL - Netherlands TA - Plant Foods Hum Nutr JT - Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) JID - 8803554 RN - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology MH - *Obesity/prevention & control MH - *Plants, Edible/chemistry MH - Latin America MH - Chenopodium quinoa/chemistry MH - Amaranthus/chemistry MH - Salvia hispanica/chemistry MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Antioxidants MH - Cactaceae/chemistry PMC - PMC12886307 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Obesity OT - Overweight OT - Plant foods OT - Satiety COIS- Declarations. Ethical Approval: Not applicable. Consent to Participate: Not Applicable. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2026/02/10 01:30 MHDA- 2026/06/27 18:38 PMCR- 2026/02/10 CRDT- 2026/02/09 23:40 PHST- 2025/09/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/01/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/06/27 18:38 [medline] PHST- 2026/02/10 01:30 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/02/09 23:40 [entrez] PHST- 2026/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s11130-026-01467-3 [pii] AID - 1467 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11130-026-01467-3 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2026 Feb 10;81(1):18. doi: 10.1007/s11130-026-01467-3. PMID- 41632311 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260706 LR - 20261009 IS - 1436-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1436-6207 (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 2 DP - 2026 Feb 3 TI - Relationships between consumption of theobromine in cocoa products and cardiovascular risk factors in 2015-2020 National health and nutrition examination survey. PG - 38 LID - 10.1007/s00394-026-03893-0 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Cocoa is a significant source of theobromine, a bioactive compound proposed to provide cardiovascular protection. However, relatively few studies have provided conclusive evidence of the potential beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the consumption of cocoa products containing theobromine and cardiovascular risk factors in the U.S. population sample using 2015-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 8531 individuals aged 20-70 years and 3808 people in a fasting sub-sample. Theobromine and cocoa product intake levels were obtained from 24-h dietary recalls and linked to the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies database. Primary outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glycohemoglobin, insulin, plasma glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Linear regression models were applied to analyze the associations between theobromine or cocoa product consumption and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: The consumption of cocoa was not associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors compared to non-consumption. The amounts of cocoa consumed were inversely associated with glycohemoglobin levels (mean +/- SE, - 0.04 +/- 0.02% per 100 g, P = 0.04). Theobromine intake (vs. no intake) was positively associated with serum insulin (1.85 +/- 0.85 muU/mL; P = 0.03). Theobromine levels consumed were inversely associated with glycohemoglobin (- 0.05 +/- 0.03% per 100 mg, P = 0.04), serum triglycerides (- 5.4 +/- 2.73 mg/dL, P = 0.05), and hs-CRP levels (- 0.26 +/- 0.12 mg/L, P = 0.04). These associations were also mostly observed in people with healthier profiles. CONCLUSION: Increased cocoa consumption is associated with reduced glycohemoglobin levels, while higher theobromine intake is associated with reduced triglyceride, glycohemoglobin, and hs-CRP levels compared to a lower intake. The positive link between theobromine intake, as opposed to no intake, and serum insulin required further investigation. Overall findings support the inclusion of cocoa-derived compounds in healthy diets. CI - (c) 2026. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FAU - Ponsuporn, Witchuda AU - Ponsuporn W AD - Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. FAU - Naumovski, Nenad AU - Naumovski N AD - Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Country, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia. AD - Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, 828608, Singapore. AD - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676, Athens, Greece. AD - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia. AD - School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2605, Australia. FAU - McKune, Andrew J AU - McKune AJ AD - Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Country, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia. AD - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia. AD - Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, Republic of South Africa. FAU - Khemacheewakul, Julaluk AU - Khemacheewakul J AD - Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. AD - Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 155 Moo 2, Mae Hia, Meuang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. FAU - Leksawasdi, Noppol AU - Leksawasdi N AD - Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. AD - Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 155 Moo 2, Mae Hia, Meuang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. FAU - Rachtanapun, Pornchai AU - Rachtanapun P AD - Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. AD - Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 155 Moo 2, Mae Hia, Meuang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. FAU - Taesuwan, Siraphat AU - Taesuwan S AD - Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. siraphat.t@cmu.ac.th. AD - Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Country, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia. siraphat.t@cmu.ac.th. AD - Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 155 Moo 2, Mae Hia, Meuang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. siraphat.t@cmu.ac.th. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20260203 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Nutr JT - European journal of nutrition JID - 100888704 RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Theobromine/administration & dosage/analysis MH - Nutrition Surveys MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Male MH - *Heart Disease Risk Factors MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - *Chocolate/analysis MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology MH - Aged MH - United States/epidemiology MH - *Diet/statistics & numerical data/methods MH - Young Adult MH - C-Reactive Protein/analysis MH - Blood Glucose MH - Triglycerides/blood OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular disease OT - Chocolate OT - Food security OT - Metabolic health OT - Nutrition COIS- Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2026/02/03 14:59 MHDA- 2026/02/03 15:00 CRDT- 2026/02/03 11:17 PHST- 2025/09/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2026/01/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/02/03 15:00 [medline] PHST- 2026/02/03 14:59 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/02/03 11:17 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00394-026-03893-0 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00394-026-03893-0 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Eur J Nutr. 2026 Feb 3;65(2):38. doi: 10.1007/s00394-026-03893-0. PMID- 41527842 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260209 LR - 20260706 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 3 DP - 2026 Feb 9 TI - Cocoa flavanols protect endothelial function during prolonged sitting in healthy older adults. PG - 1385-1404 LID - 10.1039/d5fo02793d [doi] AB - Sitting time is high in older adults and has been shown to temporarily impair endothelial function and blood pressure (BP). Flavanols, plant-derived compounds, acutely enhance endothelial function and reduce BP in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute ingestion of cocoa flavanols can improve peripheral endothelial function and BP during prolonged sitting in healthy older adults. In a randomised, double-blinded, within-subject, cross-over, placebo-controlled human study, 20 apparently healthy, older adults (age, 72.4 +/- 5.0 years; 7 males, 13 females) consumed a high-flavanol (695 mg) and a low-flavanol (5.6 mg) cocoa beverage immediately before a 2-hour sitting bout. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the superficial femoral (SFA; primary outcome) and brachial (BA) arteries, and BP, were assessed before and after sitting. Microvasculature haemodynamics were assessed in the gastrocnemius before, during, and after sitting. Sitting reduced both SFA FMD (Delta = -0.7%; p = 0.005) and BA FMD (Delta = -0.7%; p = 0.016) in the low-flavanol condition. The high-flavanol intervention prevented the decline in both SFA and BA FMD following sitting, with FMD measures remaining similar to pre-sitting (p > 0.3). Sitting increased both systolic (Delta = 6.1 mm Hg, p = 0.001) and diastolic BP (Delta = 2.6 mm Hg, p = 0.001), with no benefit from flavanol intake. Sitting increased muscle oxygenation resting levels (p < 0.001) and haemoglobin content (p < 0.001), and decreased muscle oxygen consumption during SFA occlusion (p < 0.001). Flavanols had no effect on the muscle microvasculature. These findings indicate that flavanol-rich foods may be efficacious nutritional strategies to counteract sitting-induced endothelial impairments during prolonged sitting in older adults, but do not alleviate sitting-induced increases in BP. FAU - Daniele, Alessio AU - Daniele A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9260-2724 AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. c.rendeiro@bham.ac.uk. FAU - Lucas, Samuel J E AU - Lucas SJE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8713-2457 AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. c.rendeiro@bham.ac.uk. AD - Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. FAU - Rendeiro, Catarina AU - Rendeiro C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1225-7105 AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. c.rendeiro@bham.ac.uk. AD - Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20260209 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Aged MH - Male MH - *Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao/chemistry/metabolism MH - *Sitting Position MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Flavonols EDAT- 2026/01/13 07:42 MHDA- 2026/02/09 12:54 CRDT- 2026/01/13 05:13 PHST- 2026/02/09 12:54 [medline] PHST- 2026/01/13 07:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2026/01/13 05:13 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d5fo02793d [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Funct. 2026 Feb 9;17(3):1385-1404. doi: 10.1039/d5fo02793d. PMID- 41383163 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251212 LR - 20251212 IS - 2035-648X (Electronic) IS - 1591-996X (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 4 DP - 2025 Dec 1 TI - SIOI Policy on Sugar Intake: Limiting Free Sugars from Earliest Days of Life to Prevent Caries, Specific Non-Communicable Diseases, and Tumors. PG - 332-335 LID - 10.23804/ejpd.2025.26.04.02 [doi] AB - AIM: The Italian Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SIOI) is committed to encouraging the different health professionals taking care of children (e.g., paediatric dental practitioners, paediatricians, gynecologists, obstetricians, dental hygienists, and dieticians) to educate parents (up to the period of pregnancy) and caregivers to limit their children's consumption of cariogenic sugars. The purpose of this SIOI policy is to provide quality communication and information, based on the most updated scientific evidence, on the amount of free sugars (those classified as cariogenic) that can be consumed daily in the diet during the first two years of life, and then from childhood throughout life. This Policy communication aims to reduce the prevalence and severity of caries in both childhood and adulthood and, in addition, to prevent the occurrence of other specific non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that share the risk factor of excessive free sugar intake with caries. NCDs related to free sugar intake are obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, as well as some cancers and all-cause mortality. METHODS: This policy is based on the most updated and methodologically valid evidence, drawing from data found in systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) as well as guidelines and policies (or any official statements/documents) promulgated by the most relevant international scientific societies in this field. The references collection was carried out by searching the PubMed(R)/MEDLINE electronic database using the following keyword terms: sugar, monosaccharide, disaccharide, sucrose, lactose, galactose, fructose, glucose, maltose, sweetened beverage, sweet food, dessert, snack, candy, cookies, chewing gum, chocolate, dairy products, fruit juice, honey, syrup, and molasses. Only studies and statements/documents written in English, available in their full text, and published within the last 10 years were included in this policy. No restrictions were adopted on the age, gender, and provenience of study participants. The interpretation of the literature findings and the subsequent formulation of policy recommendations were based on the consensus of a multidisciplinary expert panel of researchers and clinicians working in this field. FAU - Paglia, L AU - Paglia L AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Lombardo, G AU - Lombardo G AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Colombo, S AU - Colombo S AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Bettocchi, S AU - Bettocchi S AD - Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. FAU - Giuca, M R AU - Giuca MR AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Di Taranto, V AU - Di Taranto V AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Moscati, M AU - Moscati M AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Bagattoni, S AU - Bagattoni S AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Beretta, M AU - Beretta M AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Cadenaro, M AU - Cadenaro M AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI) - Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. FAU - Caruso, S AU - Caruso S AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Cianetti, S AU - Cianetti S AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Defabianis, P AU - Defabianis P AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Del Conte, R AU - Del Conte R AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Lardani, L AU - Lardani L AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Gatto, R AU - Gatto R AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Marzo, G AU - Marzo G AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). FAU - Gallusi, G AU - Gallusi G AD - Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry - Societa Italiana di Odontoiatria Infantile (SIOI). LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Italy TA - Eur J Paediatr Dent JT - European journal of paediatric dentistry JID - 101121881 RN - 0 (Dietary Sugars) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Dental Caries/prevention & control MH - *Dietary Sugars/adverse effects/administration & dosage MH - *Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control MH - *Neoplasms/prevention & control MH - Italy MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Child MH - Pediatric Dentistry MH - Societies, Dental MH - *Nutrition Policy MH - Child, Preschool EDAT- 2025/12/12 07:20 MHDA- 2025/12/12 07:21 CRDT- 2025/12/12 04:03 PHST- 2025/12/12 07:21 [medline] PHST- 2025/12/12 07:20 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/12/12 04:03 [entrez] AID - 10.23804/ejpd.2025.26.04.02 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2025 Dec 1;26(4):332-335. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2025.26.04.02. PMID- 41264477 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260312 LR - 20260703 IS - 1941-7225 (Electronic) IS - 0895-7061 (Print) IS - 0895-7061 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 4 DP - 2026 Apr 1 TI - Long-Term Effect of Multivitamin Supplementation on Incident Self-Reported Hypertension and Blood Pressure Changes in the COSMOS Trial. PG - 538-546 LID - 10.1093/ajh/hpaf224 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) supplements have been associated with lower blood pressure (BP) in several small trials. We investigated the effects of a MVM on incident hypertension and BP in a secondary analysis of the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS). METHODS: COSMOS is a 2x2 factorial, double-blinded RCT testing effects of cocoa extract and MVM supplementation among women aged >/=65 years and men aged >/=60 years. Among 8905 COSMOS participants free from hypertension, effects of MVM supplementation on incident hypertension were investigated. Hypertension diagnosis was ascertained through self-reports. Additionally, in two substudies with BP measurements (N = 529 at clinic by research staff and 994 at home by technician), we evaluated the effects on 2-year BP changes. RESULTS: Incident hypertension was observed in N = 1034 (22.9%) in MVM arm and N = 1039 (23.6%) in placebo arm over a median of 3.4 years (IQR: 3.0, 3.9) of follow-up, with hazard ratio (HR) 0.98 [95% CI: 0.90, 1.06]. Effects differed according to baseline diet quality, with HRs of incident hypertension 0.81 [0.70, 0.95] and 1.14 [1.01, 1.28] among participants with lower and higher Alternate Mediterranean Diet score, respectively (P-interaction = .001). There was no effect of MVM on 2-year changes in systolic BP (4.4 mmHg in MVM; 4.5 mmHg in placebo), while pronounced effects were observed for baseline normal BP (P-interaction = .004). CONCLUSIONS: MVM supplementation versus placebo did not reduce hypertension incidence or lower BP overall. Exploratory analyses showed greater reduction in hypertension risk and BP changes among those with lower dietary quality and normal BP at baseline, respectively. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02422745. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Hamaya, Rikuta AU - Hamaya R AUID- ORCID: 0009-0001-2129-8956 AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Li, Sidong AU - Li S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4798-8920 AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Lau, Jessica AU - Lau J AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Rautiainen, Susanne AU - Rautiainen S AD - Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Haring, Bernhard AU - Haring B AD - Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria. AD - Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States. AD - HOMICAREM (HOMburg Institute for CArdioREnalMetabolic Medicine), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany. FAU - Liu, Simin AU - Liu S AD - Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Joe Wen School of Population & Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States. AD - Mary & Steve Wen Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States. AD - Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health & Nutrition, Susan & Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States. FAU - Shadyab, Aladdin H AU - Shadyab AH AD - Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. AD - Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. FAU - Martin, Lisa Warsinger AU - Martin LW AD - School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States. FAU - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia AU - Wassertheil-Smoller S AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States. FAU - Rist, Pamela M AU - Rist PM AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Manson, JoAnn E AU - Manson JE AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Sesso, Howard D AU - Sesso HD AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. CN - COSMOS Research Group LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02422745 GR - AG050657/The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study/ GR - AG071611/The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study/ GR - EY025623/The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study/ GR - HL157665/The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study/ GR - NH/NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Hypertens JT - American journal of hypertension JID - 8803676 RN - 0 (Vitamins) SB - IM CIN - Am J Hypertens. 2026 Apr 1;39(4):491-493. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaf242. PMID: 41414045 MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/epidemiology/diagnosis/physiopathology/drug therapy/prevention & control MH - Female MH - Male MH - Aged MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - *Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Vitamins/therapeutic use/administration & dosage/adverse effects MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Incidence MH - Middle Aged MH - Self Report MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Risk Factors PMC - PMC13017768 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - hypertension OT - multivitamin OT - randomized controlled trial COIS- H.D.S. and J.E.M. received investigator-initiated grants from Mars Edge, a segment of Mars Incorporated dedicated to nutrition research and products, for infrastructure support and donation of COSMOS study pills and packaging, and Pfizer Consumer Healthcare (now Haleon) for donation of COSMOS study pills and packaging during the conduct of the study. H.D.S. additionally reported receiving investigator-initiated grants from Pure Encapsulations and honoraria and/or travel for lectures from the Council for Responsible Nutrition, BASF, and NIH during the conduct of the study. No other authors reported any conflicts of interests for this study. FIR - Hamaya, Rikuta IR - Hamaya R FIR - Li, Sidong IR - Li S FIR - Lau, Jessica IR - Lau J FIR - Rautiainen, Susanne IR - Rautiainen S FIR - Haring, Bernhard IR - Haring B FIR - Liu, Simin IR - Liu S FIR - Shadyab, Aladdin H IR - Shadyab AH FIR - Martin, Lisa Warsinger IR - Martin LW FIR - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia IR - Wassertheil-Smoller S FIR - Rist, Pamela M IR - Rist PM FIR - Manson, JoAnn E IR - Manson JE FIR - Sesso, Howard D IR - Sesso HD EDAT- 2025/11/20 18:28 MHDA- 2026/03/12 13:56 PMCR- 2026/11/20 CRDT- 2025/11/20 12:53 PHST- 2025/08/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/09/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/10/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/03/12 13:56 [medline] PHST- 2025/11/20 18:28 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/11/20 12:53 [entrez] PHST- 2026/11/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 8332222 [pii] AID - hpaf224 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajh/hpaf224 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Hypertens. 2026 Apr 1;39(4):538-546. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaf224. PMID- 41209551 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251112 LR - 20251112 IS - 1449-1907 (Electronic) IS - 1449-1907 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 16 DP - 2025 TI - Theobroma cacao seed extracts attenuate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in L-NAME induced hypertension in Wistar rats. PG - 4509-4522 LID - 10.7150/ijms.123888 [doi] AB - This research evaluated the antioxidant activities (in vitro and in vivo) and serum lipid profile of the chloroform (CETC) and ethanol (EETC) extracts of Theobroma cacao seeds in nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME)-induced hypertension in Wister rats. Parameters investigated include DPPH, nitric oxide scavenging ability, CAT, GPX, SOD and serum MDA concentration. Serum lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and TG were also assayed. The rats were treated with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg b. w of ethanol and chloroform extracts of T. cacao and a standard drug concurrently with L-NAME. The results showed a dose-dependent increase in the antioxidant activities of EETC and CETC across all the invitro parameters with the ethanol extracts consistently outperforming the chloroform extracts. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein, TGs, and serum MDA showed significant (p<0.05) decreases in comparison with the control. On the other hand, there were significant (p<0.05) increases in high-density lipoproteins, GPx, SOD, CAT, and serum Nitric Oxide in the treated rats relative to the untreated rats. The observed antihypertensive properties of the extracts support that T. cacao may be useful in the management of cardiovascular health. The active constituents of these extracts could protect against hypertension. CI - (c) The author(s). FAU - Agwupuye, Eyuwa I AU - Agwupuye EI AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. FAU - Agboola, Abdulhakeem R AU - Agboola AR AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. FAU - Kuo, Yu-Cheng AU - Kuo YC AD - Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. AD - School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40604, Taiwan. FAU - Itam, Ako H AU - Itam AH AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. FAU - Ezeayinka, Lawrence U AU - Ezeayinka LU AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. FAU - Atangwho, Item J AU - Atangwho IJ AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. FAU - Ayeyemi, Bolaji M AU - Ayeyemi BM AD - North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, USA. FAU - Edema, Adeleye A AU - Edema AA AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, USA. FAU - Lawal, Bashir AU - Lawal B AD - UPMC Hillman Cancer Centre, USA. FAU - Alotaibi, Modhi O AU - Alotaibi MO AD - Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. AD - Environmental and biomaterial Unit, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Almohmadi, Najlaa Hamed AU - Almohmadi NH AD - Clinical Nutrition Department College of Applied Medical Sciences Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381 Saudi Arabia. FAU - Batiha, Gaber El-Saber AU - Batiha GE AD - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt. FAU - El-Sabbagh, Nasser M AU - El-Sabbagh NM AD - Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. FAU - Huang, Hsu-Shan AU - Huang HS AD - School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan. AD - PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. AD - Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. AD - Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20251027 PL - Australia TA - Int J Med Sci JT - International journal of medical sciences JID - 101213954 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 0 (Lipids) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use MH - Rats MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/toxicity MH - Seeds/chemistry MH - *Hypertension/chemically induced/drug therapy/blood MH - *Dyslipidemias/drug therapy/chemically induced/blood MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide/blood MH - Humans MH - Lipids/blood PMC - PMC12595442 OTO - NOTNLM OT - DPPH OT - L-name OT - Nitric oxide OT - Oxidative stress OT - antioxidants OT - lipid profile COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists. EDAT- 2025/11/10 18:16 MHDA- 2025/11/13 00:30 PMCR- 2025/10/27 CRDT- 2025/11/10 06:01 PHST- 2025/08/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/09/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/11/13 00:30 [medline] PHST- 2025/11/10 18:16 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/11/10 06:01 [entrez] PHST- 2025/10/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijmsv22p4509 [pii] AID - 10.7150/ijms.123888 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Med Sci. 2025 Oct 27;22(16):4509-4522. doi: 10.7150/ijms.123888. eCollection 2025. PMID- 41204546 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251108 LR - 20260730 IS - 1536-5964 (Electronic) IS - 0025-7974 (Print) IS - 0025-7974 (Linking) VI - 104 IP - 45 DP - 2025 Nov 7 TI - Individual flavonoids intake and its association with hypertension in US adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. PG - e45553 LID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000045553 [doi] LID - e45553 AB - Hypertension (HTN) is a major global health burden influenced by multiple factors. Dietary flavonoids have shown health benefits, yet limited epidemiological studies focus on individual flavonoid intake and HTN risk. The baseline characteristics and disease data of the population in this study are derived from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the flavonoid intake data come from food and nutrient database for dietary studies. After feature selection, we employed multivariable logistic regression to calculate odds ratio and quantify the protective effect of flavonoids. We then conducted sensitivity analyses using a generalized additive model to assess the nonlinear relationship between flavonoid intake and HTN, and finally performed Shapley additive explanations analysis with 3 machine learning models to explore the ranking of variable importance. This study found that higher intakes of individual flavonoids, particularly quercetin, epicatechin, and naringenin, and of flavonoid subclasses, such as flavanones and flavonols, were associated with a lower risk of HTN. Among these, quercetin and naringenin emerged as the most important individual flavonoids in the machine learning models. Furthermore, the associations between flavanones and naringenin with HTN were linear and negative, whereas quercetin, epicatechin, and flavones exhibited nonlinear relationships with HTN. This study suggests that consuming foods rich in individual flavonoids, such as quercetin, epicatechin, and naringenin, may aid in the control and prevention of HTN, thereby reducing the overall cardiovascular disease burden in the population. CI - Copyright (c) 2025 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. FAU - Wu, Feier AU - Wu F AUID- ORCID: 0009-0004-7284-5456 AD - Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Wu, Yilin AU - Wu Y AD - Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Chen, Qiuyun AU - Chen Q AD - Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Yang, Xiuming AU - Yang X AD - Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Yu, Zongliang AU - Yu Z AUID- ORCID: 0009-0003-5118-9819 AD - Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China. LA - eng GR - SKY2023028/Suzhou Science and Technology Program/ PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Medicine (Baltimore) JT - Medicine JID - 2985248R RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavanones) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) RN - HN5425SBF2 (naringenin) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Flavonoids/administration & dosage MH - Male MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - United States/epidemiology MH - Nutrition Surveys MH - Adult MH - Machine Learning MH - Flavanones MH - Aged MH - *Diet MH - Quercetin/administration & dosage PMC - PMC12599756 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cross-sectional study OT - hypertension OT - individual flavonoids OT - machine learning COIS- The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. EDAT- 2025/11/08 06:28 MHDA- 2025/11/08 06:29 PMCR- 2025/11/07 CRDT- 2025/11/08 01:03 PHST- 2025/06/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/09/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/11/08 06:29 [medline] PHST- 2025/11/08 06:28 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/11/08 01:03 [entrez] PHST- 2025/11/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 00005792-202511070-00089 [pii] AID - MD-D-25-06665 [pii] AID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000045553 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Nov 7;104(45):e45553. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000045553. PMID- 41158002 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260109 LR - 20260420 IS - 1469-7793 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3751 (Print) IS - 0022-3751 (Linking) VI - 604 IP - 1 DP - 2026 Jan TI - Dietary flavanols preserve upper- and lower-limb endothelial function during sitting in high- and low-fit young healthy males. PG - 145-171 LID - 10.1113/JP289038 [doi] AB - Sedentary behaviour is very prevalent in modern societies, with young adults spending approximately 6 h/day sitting. Sitting induces declines in endothelial function, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nutrition during sitting may be used as a strategy to minimise such effects. This acute randomised, counterbalanced, double-blinded, cross-over, placebo-controlled human study investigated whether intake of dietary flavanols prior to a 2 h sitting bout could preserve upper- and lower-limb endothelial function in high- and low-fit individuals. Forty young healthy males (20 high fit; 20 low-fit) completed a 2 h sitting trial after consuming either a high-flavanol (150 mg (-)-epicatechin) or low-flavanol (<6 mg (-)-epicatechin) cocoa intervention. The primary outcome, superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilatation (SFA FMD) and secondary outcomes, brachial artery (BA) FMD, resting shear rate, blood flow and blood pressure (BP) were assessed before and after sitting. Medial gastrocnemius microvasculature haemodynamics were assessed before, during and after sitting. Sitting significantly reduced FMD in the SFA and BA and increased diastolic BP in both fitness groups. The high-flavanol intervention prevented FMD declines in both arteries, with no effects on BP. Sitting significantly decreased shear rate and blood flow in both arteries in both fitness groups, with no effects of the flavanol intervention. Sitting further resulted in declines in tissue oxygenation (TOI), detectable within 10 min, and impaired TOI desaturation and speed of reperfusion during hyperaemia 2 h post-sitting, with no effects of flavanols. Flavanol-rich foods may be efficacious at counteracting sitting-induced endothelial dysfunction during prolonged sitting in both high- and low-fit individuals. KEY POINTS: Prolonged sitting temporarily impairs vascular function and blood pressure. Dietary strategies during sitting may ameliorate or aggravate the effects of sitting on vascular health. In this study, dietary cocoa flavanols consumed just before 2 h of uninterrupted sitting were effective at preventing sitting-induced reductions in vascular function in both the brachial and femoral arteries (as measured by flow-mediated dilatation) in young healthy men, with no effects on microvascular function or blood pressure. Flavanols were equally effective at preserving vascular function in individuals with high and low cardiorespiratory fitness during sitting. Individuals' high cardiorespiratory fitness did not protect against declines in vascular function and blood pressure during sitting. Consuming high-flavanol foods during sedentary periods may be used alone or in combination with other strategies (e.g. breaking up sitting) to reduce the impact of inactivity on the vascular system. CI - (c) 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society. FAU - Daniele, Alessio AU - Daniele A AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. FAU - Lucas, Samuel J E AU - Lucas SJE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8713-2457 AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. AD - Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. FAU - Rendeiro, Catarina AU - Rendeiro C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1225-7105 AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. AD - Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. LA - eng GR - Start-up grant awarded to PI/College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20251029 PL - England TA - J Physiol JT - The Journal of physiology JID - 0266262 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Endothelium, Vascular/physiology/drug effects MH - Young Adult MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Adult MH - Brachial Artery/physiology/drug effects MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Sitting Position MH - Femoral Artery/physiology/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects MH - *Catechin/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply MH - Lower Extremity/blood supply/physiology PMC - PMC12783974 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiorespiratory fitness OT - cocoa flavanols OT - endothelial function OT - flow-mediated dilatation OT - sitting COIS- None declared. EDAT- 2025/10/29 06:27 MHDA- 2026/01/09 07:06 PMCR- 2025/10/29 CRDT- 2025/10/29 03:03 PHST- 2025/04/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/09/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/01/09 07:06 [medline] PHST- 2025/10/29 06:27 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/10/29 03:03 [entrez] PHST- 2025/10/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - TJP70170 [pii] AID - 10.1113/JP289038 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Physiol. 2026 Jan;604(1):145-171. doi: 10.1113/JP289038. Epub 2025 Oct 29. PMID- 41143317 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251112 LR - 20251215 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 22 DP - 2025 Nov 10 TI - Cocoa flavanols alleviate early diastolic dysfunction by decreasing left atrial volume in a randomized double blinded trial in healthy older individuals. PG - 8836-8845 LID - 10.1039/d5fo02589c [doi] AB - Aims: Left atrial (LA) enlargement marks impaired cardiac filling and predicts future cardiovascular events. Dietary flavanols have been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality, despite uncertain underlying mechanisms. In this study, we hypothesized that flavanol intake reduces LA volume in older individuals without cardiovascular diseases. Methods: In a substudy of the randomized, double-blinded Healthy Aging Through Dietary Intervention trial (NCT05782309), we investigated the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiac volumetry and diastolic function in healthy older individuals. LA and left-ventricular (LV) volumes as well as strain rates were measured by high-resolution cardiac magnetic resonance imaging before and after flavanol intake. Results: Sixty-three participants (59% male) aged >/= 55 years received either 500 mg cocoa flavanols (containing 80 mg (-)-epicatechin) originating from cocoa extract (n = 30) or a control (n = 33) twice daily for 30 days. Flavanol intake counteracted subclinical cardiac dysfunction, evidenced by a 12.6 +/- 3.5% reduction in maximal LA volume (p = 0.0063) and LA volume index (p = 0.0067) and approximately 4.4 +/- 1.9% reduction in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (p = 0.049) and LVEDV index (p = 0.041). Flavanol intake did not influence strain, strain rate, and systolic function parameters, while the systolic blood pressure decreased by 7 mmHg [ approximately 4.7 +/- 1.9% (p = 0.04)]. Blood pressure dynamics, gender or age of participants in the intervention group were not associated with LA volumetric changes. Conclusion: We provide evidence that cocoa flavanol intake mitigates early changes of diastolic dysfunction by reversing left atrial and left ventricular remodeling, thus providing novel insights into the mechanisms behind the beneficial cardiovascular effect of flavanol intake. The clinical trial registry number is NCT05782309 (https://clinicaltrials.gov). FAU - Duse, Dragos Andrei AU - Duse DA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0127-1016 AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Grone, Michael AU - Grone M AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Ophoff, Niklas AU - Ophoff N AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Kramser, Nicolas AU - Kramser N AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Schweers, Hendrik AU - Schweers H AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Ottaviani, Javier AU - Ottaviani J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4909-0452 AD - Mars Incorporated, 6885 Elm St, McLean, VA 22101, USA. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars Incorporated, 6885 Elm St, McLean, VA 22101, USA. FAU - Quast, Christine AU - Quast C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0405-989X AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Bonner, Florian AU - Bonner F AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, UK. FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Jung, Christian AU - Jung C AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Duesseldorf (CARID), Duesseldorf, Germany. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Duesseldorf (CARID), Duesseldorf, Germany. FAU - Erkens, Ralf AU - Erkens R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3373-652X AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. ralf.erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. AD - Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, St. Agnes-Hospital Bocholt, Klinikum Westmunsterland, Bocholt, Germany. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05782309 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20251110 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - Aged MH - Middle Aged MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - *Heart Atria/drug effects/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging MH - Diastole/drug effects MH - Catechin MH - *Flavonols/administration & dosage EDAT- 2025/10/27 13:29 MHDA- 2025/11/13 00:30 CRDT- 2025/10/27 07:31 PHST- 2025/11/13 00:30 [medline] PHST- 2025/10/27 13:29 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/10/27 07:31 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d5fo02589c [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Funct. 2025 Nov 10;16(22):8836-8845. doi: 10.1039/d5fo02589c. PMID- 41133523 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20251024 LR - 20251027 IS - 1873-149X (Electronic) IS - 0928-4680 (Print) IS - 0928-4680 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 4 DP - 2025 Sep 23 TI - Cocoa Shell Extract Restores Redox Balance in Developmental Hypertension in Male Rats: Roles of Nrf2, SOD2 and p-eNOS. LID - 10.3390/pathophysiology32040049 [doi] LID - 49 AB - Background and objectives: Hypertension is a worldwide burden, for which fetal malnutrition is a risk factor. Another societal challenge is environmental waste. Our research focusses on cocoa shell extract (CSE), a cocoa by-product with antioxidant bioactive components. Male rats exposed to fetal malnutrition develop hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, which are improved by CSE supplementation. We hypothesized that effects of CSE are related to an antioxidant action. Methods: Adult male and female offspring of dams exposed to 50% food restriction during gestation (MUN) and controls were supplemented for 3 weeks with CSE (250 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle. We assessed plasma SOD activity, GSH and carbonyls (via spectrophotometry) and aortic expression of enzymes related to ROS degradation or production (via Western blotting). Results: MUN males showed lower Nrf2 expression and increased carbonyls, SOD activity and mitochondrial SOD2 expression, without alterations in GSH or the related enzyme CGLM. No changes in xanthine oxidase or NADPH subunits (p22phox and p47phox) were detected, suggesting a different origin of superoxide anion. Phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine expression were increased without changes in plasma nitrates. MUN females only showed plasma SOD and aortic 3-nitrotyrosine elevation. CSE supplementation reduced SOD2 and p-eNOS/eNOS expression and SOD activity and increased Nrf2 expression. Conclusions: MUN arteries exhibit oxidative damage, with a higher impact on males. SOD2 and p-eNOS/e-NOS overexpression may be a counteracting mechanism that compensates for superoxide anion overproduction, likely involving mitochondria. The reversal of these alterations by CSE supplementation is probably related to a reduction in vascular superoxide anion through a direct scavenging action of its bioactive components. A longer supplementation period may be needed to increase endogenous antioxidants through Nrf2 and to reduce oxidative-nitrosative damage. FAU - Ruvira, Santiago AU - Ruvira S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2216-5335 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Pilar AU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6483-8289 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Iampanichakul, Metee AU - Iampanichakul M AUID- ORCID: 0009-0009-8445-4096 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. FAU - Cuquerella, Lucia G AU - Cuquerella LG AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ramiro-Cortijo, David AU - Ramiro-Cortijo D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7442-1586 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Arribas, Silvia M AU - Arribas SM AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - RTI2018-097504-B-I00/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250923 PL - Switzerland TA - Pathophysiology JT - Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology JID - 9433813 PMC - PMC12551120 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa shell extract OT - fetal programming OT - hypertension OT - mitochondrial SOD OT - oxidative damage OT - supplementation COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/10/24 12:32 MHDA- 2025/10/24 12:33 PMCR- 2025/09/23 CRDT- 2025/10/24 06:33 PHST- 2025/06/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/09/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/09/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/10/24 12:33 [medline] PHST- 2025/10/24 12:32 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/10/24 06:33 [entrez] PHST- 2025/09/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - pathophysiology32040049 [pii] AID - pathophysiology-32-00049 [pii] AID - 10.3390/pathophysiology32040049 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Pathophysiology. 2025 Sep 23;32(4):49. doi: 10.3390/pathophysiology32040049. PMID- 41083315 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251013 LR - 20251120 IS - 2044-6055 (Electronic) IS - 2044-6055 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 10 DP - 2025 Oct 13 TI - Safety and effectiveness of the Chocolate balloon catheter in the treatment of peripheral artery disease with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a multicentre, prospective, observational study protocol. PG - e103906 LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103906 [doi] LID - e103906 AB - BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) represents a significant global health burden. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the most commonly employed endovascular intervention; however, its long-term efficacy is often compromised by restenosis and flow-limiting dissection. The Chocolate balloon catheter, characterised by a nitinol-constrained design that enables controlled, segmental vessel dilation, has demonstrated potential in minimising vascular trauma and enhancing patency. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of robust multicentre evidence evaluating its safety and effectiveness in real-world Chinese PAD populations. This protocol outlines a prospective, multicentre, single-arm observational study aiming to assess the 12 month primary patency and complication rates following Chocolate balloon PTA in Chinese patients with femoropopliteal or infrapopliteal lesions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective, multicentre, single-arm observational study will be conducted across eight medical centres in China. Eligible patients with symptomatic PAD (Rutherford classification 2-5) and de novo or restenotic lesions in the femoropopliteal or infrapopliteal arteries, for whom the use of a Chocolate balloon catheter is indicated as per standard care, will be enrolled. All participants will undergo percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using the Chocolate balloon catheter and will be followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome is the primary patency rate of the target lesion at 12 months, defined as the absence of restenosis (diameter stenosis <50% by duplex ultrasound with a peak systolic velocity ratio <2.5) and freedom from target lesion revascularisation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Trial Ethics Committee of Hangzhou First People's Hospital (Approval No. IIT-20220606-0082-01). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06933992. CI - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group. FAU - Ye, Zi-Qiu AU - Ye ZQ AUID- ORCID: 0009-0006-2253-6668 AD - The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. FAU - Liu, Hanyi AU - Liu H AD - Department of Vascular Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. FAU - Fang, Xin AU - Fang X AD - Department of Vascular Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. FAU - Meng, Xiao-Hu AU - Meng XH AD - Department of Vascular Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 15968116449@163.com. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT06933992 PT - Clinical Trial Protocol PT - Journal Article DEP - 20251013 PL - England TA - BMJ Open JT - BMJ open JID - 101552874 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Peripheral Arterial Disease/therapy/surgery MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Angioplasty, Balloon/instrumentation/methods/adverse effects MH - Femoral Artery MH - China MH - Observational Studies as Topic MH - Multicenter Studies as Topic MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Female MH - Male MH - Vascular Patency MH - Popliteal Artery MH - Aged PMC - PMC12519659 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular Disease OT - Clinical Trial OT - Lower Extremity OT - SURGERY COIS- Competing interests: None declared. EDAT- 2025/10/14 00:29 MHDA- 2025/10/14 00:30 PMCR- 2025/10/13 CRDT- 2025/10/13 21:33 PHST- 2025/10/14 00:30 [medline] PHST- 2025/10/14 00:29 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/10/13 21:33 [entrez] PHST- 2025/10/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bmjopen-2025-103906 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103906 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ Open. 2025 Oct 13;15(10):e103906. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103906. PMID- 40989548 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20250924 LR - 20250926 IS - 1728-869X (Print) IS - 2226-5104 (Electronic) IS - 1728-869X (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 4 DP - 2025 Oct TI - Acute effect of dark chocolate intake before high-intensity resistance exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy young men. PG - 409-415 LID - 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.005 [doi] AB - AIMS: This study investigated the effect of dark chocolate (DC) intake before resistance exercise (RE) on arterial stiffness. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult males (age, 23.0 +/- 1.0 years) performed DC or white chocolate (WC) intake trial on separate days in a randomized crossover trials. Participants consumed 50g of DC containing 1285 mg cocoa polyphenols or an isocaloric amount of WC 50g without polyphenols. All participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions using 80 % of the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and 5 sets of 10 repetitions using 70 % of the 1RM biceps curl. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before chocolate intake (baseline); and before (at 60 min after chocolate intake), immediately after, and at 30 and 60 min after completing the RE. RESULTS: In both trials, there was a significant increase in baPWV immediately after the RE compared with baseline (baseline: DC 1103 +/- 94 cm/s, WC 1108 +/- 167 cm/s; immediately after RE: DC 1300 +/- 187 cm/s, WC 1325 +/- 178 cm/s; P < 0.05). In the DC intake trial, baPWV decreased to 1210 +/- 180 cm/s at 30 min and 1155 +/- 134 cm/s at 60 min after RE, compared to immediately after RE (P < 0.05). In contrast, in the WC intake trial baPWV was decreased to 1222 +/- 176 cm/s at 60 min after RE compared to immediately after RE (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in comparison with WC intake, DC intake before RE might quickly reduce post-exercise increased arterial stiffness. Clinical Trials Registry Number: UMIN000052616. CI - (c) 2025 The Society of Chinese Scholars on Exercise Physiology and Fitness. Published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. FAU - Hata, Urara AU - Hata U AD - Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Hashimoto, Yuto AU - Hashimoto Y AD - Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Natsume, Midori AU - Natsume M AD - Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Okamoto, Takanobu AU - Okamoto T AD - Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. AD - Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250825 PL - Singapore TA - J Exerc Sci Fit JT - Journal of exercise science and fitness JID - 101198241 PMC - PMC12450642 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Arterial compliance OT - Beta stiffness index OT - Cocoa polyphenol OT - Dark chocolate OT - Pulse wave velocity OT - Resistance exercise COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2025/09/24 06:28 MHDA- 2025/09/24 06:29 PMCR- 2025/08/25 CRDT- 2025/09/24 05:24 PHST- 2025/05/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/08/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/08/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/09/24 06:29 [medline] PHST- 2025/09/24 06:28 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/09/24 05:24 [entrez] PHST- 2025/08/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1728-869X(25)00064-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Exerc Sci Fit. 2025 Oct;23(4):409-415. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.005. Epub 2025 Aug 25. PMID- 40969408 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20250919 LR - 20260925 IS - 2228-7930 (Print) IS - 2228-7949 (Electronic) IS - 2228-7930 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 5 DP - 2025 Sep-Oct TI - Green tea polyphenols, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate, alleviated aberrant metabolic changes caused by olanzapine in rats. PG - 1489-1501 LID - 10.22038/ajp.2025.25926 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Olanzapine, a well-known antipsychotic drug, causes considerable weight gain and metabolic abnormalities in patients. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) has anti-obesity, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetes effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as green tea polyphenols on metabolic changes induced by olanzapine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used fourteen groups of rats and subjected them to intraperitoneal injections once a day for eleven days: 1: Control. 2: Olanzapine (5 mg/kg/day). 3, 4, and 5: Olanzapine + EGCG (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively). 6, 7, and 8: EGCG (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively). 9, 10, and 11: Olanzapine + ECG (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively). 12, 13, and 14: ECG (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day). The body weights were recorded every three days and food consumption was evaluated every day. At the end of the study, lipid profile, systolic blood pressure (SBP), leptin and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, and locomotor activity were assessed. RESULTS: Olanzapine considerably increased weight, food intake, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, SBP, leptin, and FBS, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and locomotor activity. Co-administration of ECG or EGCG at different doses significantly suppressed olanzapine-induced weight gain, and elevated plasma lipids, SBP, leptin, and FBS levels. Both compounds also considerably increased locomotor activity and HDL levels. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ECG and EGCG could be promising adjunct therapies to counteract the metabolic side effects of olanzapine. FAU - Hoseini, Elmira AU - Hoseini E AD - Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. FAU - Razavi, Bibi Marjan AU - Razavi BM AD - Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AD - Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. FAU - Alavi, Mohaddeseh Sadat AU - Alavi MS AD - Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AD - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. FAU - Hosseinzadeh, Hossein AU - Hosseinzadeh H AD - Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AD - Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. FAU - Roohbakhsh, Ali AU - Roohbakhsh A AD - Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AD - Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Iran TA - Avicenna J Phytomed JT - Avicenna journal of phytomedicine JID - 101586220 PMC - PMC12441192 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Epicatechin gallate OT - Epigallocatechin gallate OT - Green tea OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Olanzapine COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/09/19 06:33 MHDA- 2025/09/19 06:34 PMCR- 2025/09/01 CRDT- 2025/09/19 04:59 PHST- 2024/08/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/11/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/09/19 06:34 [medline] PHST- 2025/09/19 06:33 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/09/19 04:59 [entrez] PHST- 2025/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.22038/ajp.2025.25926 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Avicenna J Phytomed. 2025 Sep-Oct;15(5):1489-1501. doi: 10.22038/ajp.2025.25926. PMID- 40906427 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251124 LR - 20260521 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Print) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 22 DP - 2025 Nov TI - Association Between Industrialized Dietary Pattern and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children With FTO RS9939609 Gene Polymorphism. PG - e70254 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.70254 [doi] LID - e70254 AB - Dietary patterns may increase cardiometabolic risk, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. Thus, the present study evaluated the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in children with fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene polymorphism. A cross-sectional survey of 258 children aged 4-7 years. Body composition was determined with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Biochemical samples and blood pressure were analyzed. Genotyping of rs9939609 was performed using oral swab samples and the TaqMan SNP test. Multiple linear regression stratified by FTO gene categories analyzed the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors. The prevalence of polymorphism was 20.2%. Five dietary patterns were identified: "Traditional", "Industrialized", "Milk and chocolate milk", "Snack", and "Natural". Associations were found between the "Industrialized" dietary pattern and both the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (beta = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.11) and triglycerides (beta = 7.47; 95% CI: 0.73-14.21) in children with polymorphism. Additionally, "Milk and Chocolate Milk" pattern was associated with the TyG index (beta = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.00-0.07) in children with a risk allele. For children with FTO gene polymorphism, adherence to the "Industrialized" dietary pattern was associated with cardiometabolic risk, highlighting the need for nutritional strategies to prevent. CI - (c) 2025 The Author(s). Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. FAU - Kiepper, Bhreendda' Hary Dy Luar Prates AU - Kiepper BHDLP AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. FAU - Azevedo, Francilene Maria AU - Azevedo FM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2162-5408 AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. FAU - Candido, Aline Carare AU - Candido AC AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. FAU - Silva, Mariane Alves AU - Silva MA AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. FAU - de Novaes, Juliana Farias AU - de Novaes JF AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. FAU - Resende, Cristina Maria Mendes AU - Resende CMM AD - Graduate Program in Hebiatria, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. FAU - Durso, Danielle Fernandes AU - Durso DF AD - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. FAU - Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline Isaura AU - Alvarez-Leite JI AD - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. FAU - Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo AU - Velasquez-Melendez G AD - School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. FAU - Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro AU - Franceschini SDCC AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. FAU - de Souza, Eliana Carla Gomes AU - de Souza ECG AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. FAU - Ribeiro, Sarah Aparecida Vieira AU - Ribeiro SAV AD - Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil. LA - eng GR - 02055-13/Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais/ GR - 485124/2011-4/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico/ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20250904 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - EC 1.14.11.33 (Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO) RN - EC 1.14.11.33 (FTO protein, human) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics MH - Child MH - Male MH - Female MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - *Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MH - *Diet MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Risk Factors MH - Body Composition MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics PMC - PMC12643185 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiometabolic risk factors OT - child OT - dietary pattern OT - polymorphism single nucleotide EDAT- 2025/09/04 12:37 MHDA- 2025/11/24 18:38 PMCR- 2025/11/24 CRDT- 2025/09/04 11:25 PHST- 2025/07/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/09/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/08/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/11/24 18:38 [medline] PHST- 2025/09/04 12:37 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/09/04 11:25 [entrez] PHST- 2025/11/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - MNFR70254 [pii] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.70254 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2025 Nov;69(22):e70254. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.70254. Epub 2025 Sep 4. PMID- 40887285 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250831 LR - 20260127 IS - 1881-7742 (Electronic) IS - 0301-4800 (Linking) VI - 71 IP - 4 DP - 2025 TI - Effects of Oligonol((R)) Supplementation on Abdominal Fat in Japanese Overweight Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study. PG - 357-365 LID - 10.3177/jnsv.71.357 [doi] AB - Obesity is known to induce diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and reducing obesity is important from the perspective of disease prevention. Oligonol, a standardized oligomerized-polyphenol from Litchi chinensis fruit extract, is expected to have high absorption and body fat reduction. In this study, the effects of Oligonol intake on abdominal fat were examined in overweight Japanese participants. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed including 66 overweight adult men and women (body mass index [BMI] of 25 or more and less than 30 kg/m(2)) who were assigned to receive a daily dose of placebo or 200 mg Oligonol (40 mg as monomers and dimers of flavanols from lychee and tea) for 12 wk. The primary endpoint was a reduction of the visceral fat area (VFA) as quantified by computed tomography scanning after continual intake of test foods for 12 wk. In addition, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, peripheral blood tests, and general urinalysis were performed. Of 66 participants (33 per group), 63 were included in the efficacy analysis (placebo n=32; Oligonol n=31). Intake of 200 mg Oligonol significantly reduced abdominal VFA compared with the placebo group. No clinically relevant adverse events related to the intake of Oligonol were observed. These results indicate that Oligonol had the abdominal visceral fat reduction effect in overweight participants. FAU - Takanari, Jun AU - Takanari J AD - Amino Up Co., Ltd. FAU - Misu, Manami AU - Misu M AD - Amino Up Co., Ltd. FAU - Goto, Kazunori AU - Goto K AD - Amino Up Co., Ltd. FAU - Shio, Takuma AU - Shio T AD - Amino Up Co., Ltd. FAU - Fukuchi, Yukiko AU - Fukuchi Y AD - Amino Up Co., Ltd. FAU - Fujii, Hajime AU - Fujii H AD - Amino Up Co., Ltd. FAU - Nishihira, Jun AU - Nishihira J AD - Faculty of Medical Informatics, Hokkaido Information University. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - Japan TA - J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) JT - Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology JID - 0402640 RN - 0 (oligonol) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Oligosaccharides) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - Japanese people SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Male MH - *Overweight/drug therapy MH - Middle Aged MH - Adult MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Japan MH - *Abdominal Fat/drug effects MH - *Catechin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/administration & dosage MH - Body Mass Index MH - *Oligosaccharides/pharmacology/administration & dosage MH - Litchi/chemistry MH - Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects MH - Waist Circumference MH - *Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Fruit/chemistry MH - Phenols MH - East Asian People OTO - NOTNLM OT - Litchi chinensis OT - lifestyle diseases OT - metabolic syndrome OT - obesity OT - overweight OT - polyphenol OT - visceral fat EDAT- 2025/09/01 00:45 MHDA- 2025/09/01 00:46 CRDT- 2025/08/31 21:23 PHST- 2025/09/01 00:46 [medline] PHST- 2025/09/01 00:45 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/08/31 21:23 [entrez] AID - 10.3177/jnsv.71.357 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2025;71(4):357-365. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.71.357. PMID- 40869354 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250828 LR - 20250910 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 16 DP - 2025 Aug 20 TI - Effect of Cocoa Supplementation on the Biochemical and Clinical Profile and the Somatosensory Processing of Diabetic Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. LID - 10.3390/ijms26168033 [doi] LID - 8033 AB - Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy are common in type 2 diabetes; they are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Cocoa, rich in polyphenols, may offer neuroprotective benefits. This study evaluated the effect of cocoa supplementation on the biochemical, clinical, and somatosensory profile of neuropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A 12-week, double-blind controlled trial involved 39 subjects randomized to receive cocoa capsules (50 mg polyphenols) or placebo (methylcellulose). Evaluations included glycemic and lipid profiles, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, blood pressure, standardized questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and the rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex. In the cocoa group, the Toronto score decreased by 2.63 points and the BEST score decreased by 1.45 points. In the placebo group, these reductions were 1.84 and 2.21 points, respectively. Neither difference was statistically significant between groups (p > 0.05). Quality-of-Life questionnaire score decreased by 9.2 points in the cocoa group, but without significant difference to the placebo group (p = 0.501). Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels decreased in the placebo group by 38 mg/dL (0.28%) but were not significantly different from the cocoa group (p > 0.05). No other intra- or inter-group differences were significant (p > 0.05). Cocoa supplementation did not show significant improvements over the placebo in the measured outcomes. Both groups showed persistent abnormalities in spinal somatosensory processing, with an RDD of the H-reflex >/= 0.5. FAU - Kababie-Ameo, Rebeca AU - Kababie-Ameo R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4575-2682 AD - Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. FAU - Gutierrez-Salmean, Gabriela AU - Gutierrez-Salmean G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3651-0865 AD - Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. AD - Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad. Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Miguel Hidalgo 11200, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. FAU - Salinas-Hernandez, Luisa Fernanda AU - Salinas-Hernandez LF AD - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. FAU - Trujillo-Condes, Virgilio Eduardo AU - Trujillo-Condes VE AD - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca 50180, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. FAU - Ramirez-Sanchez, Israel AU - Ramirez-Sanchez I AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Miguel Hidalgo 11340, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. FAU - Cuellar, Carlos A AU - Cuellar CA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9404-3914 AD - Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. LA - eng GR - N/A/Universidad Anahuac Mexico/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20250820 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - *Diabetic Neuropathies/diet therapy/drug therapy/physiopathology MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Aged MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Quality of Life MH - Blood Glucose MH - Adult MH - Polyphenols/administration & dosage MH - Glycated Hemoglobin PMC - PMC12386359 OTO - NOTNLM OT - H-reflex OT - antioxidants OT - cardiometabolic risk factor OT - cocoa OT - diabetes mellitus OT - diabetic neuropathy OT - polyphenols OT - somatosensory processing OT - type 2 diabetes COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2025/08/30 04:51 MHDA- 2025/08/30 04:52 PMCR- 2025/08/20 CRDT- 2025/08/28 01:11 PHST- 2025/07/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/07/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/07/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/08/30 04:52 [medline] PHST- 2025/08/30 04:51 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/08/28 01:11 [entrez] PHST- 2025/08/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms26168033 [pii] AID - ijms-26-08033 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms26168033 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 20;26(16):8033. doi: 10.3390/ijms26168033. PMID- 40873288 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260216 LR - 20260216 IS - 1875-6506 (Electronic) IS - 1573-4021 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 4 DP - 2025 TI - Potential Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids in Cardiovascular Disorders: Review. PG - 195-208 LID - 10.2174/0115734021373759250730062326 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Flavonoids in various fruits and vegetables exert multifaceted biological effects. They are widely explored for cardiovascular, antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid cardioprotection is helpful in the management of myocardial injury, stroke, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and ischemia. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a global threat in recent years due to increased mortality and morbidity rates. The increased mortality due to CVD among women, children, and poor economic groups has boosted the socio-economic burden on health care. Various researchers have explored the commercial applications of flavonoids, including quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and catechin, as dietary supplements. METHODS: The findings were searched in the Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and PubChem databases. RESULTS: Preclinical and clinical investigations have promoted the safety of flavonoids, such as apigenin and quercetin, for use as nutraceuticals that promote health. Flavonoids and their potential mechanisms of action and clinical applications offer insights for researchers and scientists to explore in the fields of medical and nanomedicine sciences. Nanomedicine, like liposomes, carbon nanotubes, nanosponges, and nanoparticles containing flavonoids, is used for its efficacy, potency, and target delivery. DISCUSSION: Flavonols have the potential to regulate vasodilation and prevent apoptosis. Furthermore, their supplementation may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. Flavonoids function as antioxidants and exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects by mediating inflammatory pathways, thereby contributing to the management of cardiovascular complications. Emerging evidence from researchers suggests flavonoids improve endothelial function and reduce blood pressure. Furthermore, flavonoids derived from cocoa, such as catechins, and those found in tea also enhance endothelial function. Nanosystems can enhance the solubility, permeability, and effectiveness of flavonoids as antioxidants, while also promoting controlled drug delivery. Nanoformulations can enhance the effects of morin, rutin, quercetin, and other flavonoids, significantly improving therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSION: These findings offer researchers and scientists a novel technological approach utilizing flavonoids to address metabolic syndromes and related health conditions, thereby supporting personalized care and improving patient outcomes. CI - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net. FAU - Singh, Sonia AU - Singh S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1503-2745 AD - Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India. FAU - Ahuja, Ashima AU - Ahuja A AD - Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India. FAU - Varshney, Mahima AU - Varshney M AD - Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Curr Hypertens Rev JT - Current hypertension reviews JID - 101239891 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Cardiovascular Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Flavonoids/therapeutic use/adverse effects MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology/metabolism MH - Animals MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - *Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects MH - Antioxidants/therapeutic use MH - *Cardiovascular System/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Treatment Outcome OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) OT - Flavonoids OT - PI3K-AKT molecular pathway OT - congestive heart failure OT - nanomedicine OT - nephropathy. EDAT- 2025/08/28 08:45 MHDA- 2026/02/16 06:30 CRDT- 2025/08/28 03:23 PHST- 2024/11/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/04/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/05/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2026/02/16 06:30 [medline] PHST- 2025/08/28 08:45 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/08/28 03:23 [entrez] AID - CHYR-EPUB-150246 [pii] AID - 10.2174/0115734021373759250730062326 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Hypertens Rev. 2025;21(4):195-208. doi: 10.2174/0115734021373759250730062326. PMID- 40832703 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250917 LR - 20260918 IS - 1524-4563 (Electronic) IS - 0194-911X (Print) IS - 0194-911X (Linking) VI - 82 IP - 10 DP - 2025 Oct TI - Long-Term Effect of Cocoa Extract Supplementation on Incident Hypertension. PG - 1653-1662 LID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25209 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cocoa flavanols have potential blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects in shorter-term, smaller-scale randomized clinical trials, but their effect on incident hypertension has not been examined in a large-scale and long-term randomized clinical trial. METHODS: The COSMOS (Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study) is a 2x2 factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial testing cocoa extract (including 500 mg/d cocoa flavanols, with 80 mg/d [-]-epicatechin) and a multivitamin among 21 442 women aged >/=65 years and men aged >/=60 years. Placebos did not include any bioactive compounds. In 8905 COSMOS participants free from baseline hypertension, we investigated the effect of cocoa extract on incident hypertension using Cox proportional hazards models. Incident hypertension was defined as self-reported first-time physician diagnosis, initiation of antihypertensive medications, or elevated BP. RESULTS: Mean age at baseline was 71.1 years (SD, 6.2), and 59% were women. Over a median follow-up of 3.4 years, cocoa extract supplementation had no significant effect on incident hypertension in an intention-to-treat analysis, with incidence rates of 7.1 and 7.4 per 100 person-years in cocoa and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.88-1.05]). In subgroup analyses, cocoa extract supplementation reduced the incidence of hypertension among participants with baseline systolic BP <120 mm Hg (hazard ratio, 0.76 [0.64-0.90]), but not among those with systolic BP of 120 to 139 mm Hg (hazard ratio, 1.05 [0.93-1.18]; P-interaction=0.002). The effect among baseline systolic BP <120 mm Hg became evident at year 2 after randomization. CONCLUSIONS: In older adults, long-term cocoa extract supplementation did not reduce the overall risk of self-reported incident hypertension. However, among those with normal systolic BP at baseline, cocoa extract reduced hypertension risk by 24%. FAU - Hamaya, Rikuta AU - Hamaya R AUID- ORCID: 0009-0001-2129-8956 AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.H., S.L., J.L., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (R.H., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). FAU - Li, Sidong AU - Li S AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.H., S.L., J.L., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). AD - Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China (S.L.). FAU - Lau, Jessica AU - Lau J AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.H., S.L., J.L., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). FAU - Allison, Matthew AU - Allison M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0777-8272 AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine (M.A.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla. FAU - Haring, Bernhard AU - Haring B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6109-431X AD - Department of Medicine III, Saarland University, Germany and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (B.H.). FAU - Shadyab, Aladdin H AU - Shadyab AH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9693-0522 AD - Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine (A.H.S.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla. FAU - Matthew, Nudy AU - Matthew N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2701-4563 AD - Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (N.M.). FAU - Martin, Lisa Warsinger AU - Martin LW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4352-0914 AD - George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, DC (L.W.M.). FAU - Rist, Pamela M AU - Rist PM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3543-045X AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.H., S.L., J.L., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (R.H., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). FAU - Manson, JoAnn E AU - Manson JE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9426-7595 AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.H., S.L., J.L., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (R.H., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). AD - Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M.). FAU - Sesso, Howard D AU - Sesso HD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9698-9954 AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.H., S.L., J.L., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (R.H., P.M.R., J.E.M., H.D.S.). CN - COSMOS Research Group LA - eng GR - KL2 TR002015/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AG071611/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AG050657/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL157665/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR002014/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY025623/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20250820 PL - United States TA - Hypertension JT - Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) JID - 7906255 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Aged MH - *Hypertension/epidemiology/drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - *Plant Extracts/therapeutic use/administration & dosage MH - *Cacao MH - Incidence MH - *Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use MH - Treatment Outcome PMC - PMC12541352 MID - NIHMS2114511 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa powder OT - hypertension OT - incidence OT - primary prevention OT - randomized controlled trial COIS- H.D. Sesso and Manson received investigator-initiated grants from Mars Edge, a segment of Mars Incorporated dedicated to nutrition research and products, for infrastructure support and donation of Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) pills and packaging, and Pfizer Consumer Healthcare (now Haleon) for donation of COSMOS study pills and packaging during the conduct of the study. H.D. Sesso additionally reported receiving investigator-initiated grants from Pure Encapsulations and honoraria and travel for lectures from the Council for Responsible Nutrition, BASF, and National Institute of Health (NIH) during the conduct of the study. The other authors report no conflicts. EDAT- 2025/08/20 06:30 MHDA- 2025/09/17 18:31 PMCR- 2025/12/05 CRDT- 2025/08/20 05:17 PHST- 2025/09/17 18:31 [medline] PHST- 2025/08/20 06:30 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/08/20 05:17 [entrez] PHST- 2025/12/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25209 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hypertension. 2025 Oct;82(10):1653-1662. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25209. Epub 2025 Aug 20. PMID- 40701843 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20250913 LR - 20250913 IS - 1226-4512 (Print) IS - 2093-3827 (Electronic) IS - 1226-4512 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 5 DP - 2025 Sep 1 TI - Procyanidin B2-induced LKB1-AMPK activation mitigates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through inhibition of mTOR signaling. PG - 659-667 LID - 10.4196/kjpp.25.108 [doi] AB - Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to intimal thickening in atherosclerosis and restenosis diseases. As a proanthocyanidin type B, procyanidin B2 (PB2) is abundantly found in cocoa, apples, and grapes and is reported to have vascular protective effects. However, the mechanisms by which PB2 inhibits proliferation of VSMCs are not clearly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of PB2-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in VSMCs. We found that PB2 dose- and time-dependently increased phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in VSMCs. AMPK is a serine-threonine kinase and serves as a key sensor of cellular energy. PB2 induced LKB1 translocation from nucleus to cytosol which led to AMPK activation. In addition, PB2-induced AMPK activation decreased cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Transfection with LKB1 or AMPK siRNA and transduction of dominant-negative isoforms of the alpha1 and alpha2 subunits of AMPK eliminated anti-proliferative effects of PB2. These results demonstrate that PB2 might be a preventive agent for cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. FAU - Park, Hee Young AU - Park HY AD - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. FAU - Kim, Seul Gi AU - Kim SG AD - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. AD - Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. FAU - Bae, Gyeong Ju AU - Bae GJ AD - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. AD - Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. FAU - Sung, Jin Young AU - Sung JY AD - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. AD - Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. FAU - Choi, Hyoung Chul AU - Choi HC AD - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. AD - Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250724 PL - Korea (South) TA - Korean J Physiol Pharmacol JT - The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology JID - 9709505 PMC - PMC12381801 OTO - NOTNLM OT - AMP-activated protein kinase OT - Liver kinase B1 OT - Mammalian target of rapamycin OT - Procyanidin B2 OT - Vascular smooth muscle cell COIS- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/07/24 00:25 MHDA- 2025/07/24 00:26 PMCR- 2025/09/01 CRDT- 2025/07/23 22:32 PHST- 2025/04/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/04/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/04/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/07/24 00:26 [medline] PHST- 2025/07/24 00:25 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/07/23 22:32 [entrez] PHST- 2025/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - kjpp.25.108 [pii] AID - kjpp-29-5-659 [pii] AID - 10.4196/kjpp.25.108 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 1;29(5):659-667. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.25.108. Epub 2025 Jul 24. PMID- 40663376 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250805 LR - 20260404 IS - 1741-7899 (Electronic) IS - 1470-1626 (Print) IS - 1470-1626 (Linking) VI - 170 IP - 3 DP - 2025 Sep 1 TI - Epicatechin inhibits inflammatory injury in preeclampsia extravillous trophoblasts. LID - e240182 [pii] LID - 10.1530/REP-24-0182 [doi] AB - IN BRIEF: Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related complication that can result in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Current therapeutic options for preeclampsia remain limited. This study demonstrates that epicatechin can inhibit pyroptosis in extravillous trophoblasts and block the activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, thereby offering a novel therapeutic approach for the management of preeclampsia. ABSTRACT: Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized as new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, and affects 5-7% pregnant women globally. PE is associated with a systemic inflammatory status that is overly activated and contributes to dysregulated extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invasion and impaired spiral vessel remodeling. Recent studies showed that inhibition of systematic inflammatory response significantly ameliorates the PE-like symptoms, suggesting that anti-inflammation could be a potential PE treatment. However, few effective therapeutic strategies have been shown to control systemic inflammation in PE patients. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects of epicatechin (EC), a small molecule compound that exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activity on HTR8/SVneo cells and EVTs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results revealed that EC pretreatment significantly improved cellular viability and attenuated the inflammatory response of EVTs in response to LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, we found that EC significantly blocked the activation of the LPS-induced pyroptosis pathway of classical pyrin domain protein 3, cleaved caspase 1 and cleaved gasdermin D (NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD) in LPS-treated EVTs and inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) expression (a hallmark of pyroptosis) by suppressing the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling. Our study demonstrates the protective effects of EC on LPS-stimulated inflammation and provides the direct evidence in vitro that EC may be a promising compound that mitigates the PE-associated systemic inflammation. FAU - Li, Mengyongwei AU - Li M AUID- ORCID: 0009-0005-9144-6773 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Liu, Mian AU - Liu M AUID- ORCID: 0009-0001-6836-0016 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. FAU - Mei, Jiaoqi AU - Mei J AUID- ORCID: 0009-0003-7391-4049 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Dai, Haofu AU - Dai H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5422-8137 AD - Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development From Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Chen, Huiqin AU - Chen H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-7858 AD - Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development From Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Jie, Qiuling AU - Jie Q AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1338-0888 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Mei, Jingjing AU - Mei J AUID- ORCID: 0009-0003-1483-2246 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Yang, Xiaohui AU - Yang X AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2937-2276 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Kang, Jinyu AU - Kang J AUID- ORCID: 0009-0005-7698-6309 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Ma, Yanlin AU - Ma Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9668-0204 AD - Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, China. AD - Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. FAU - Mei, Wenli AU - Mei W AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4076-3497 AD - Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development From Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20250805 PL - England TA - Reproduction JT - Reproduction (Cambridge, England) JID - 100966036 RN - 0 (NF-kappa B) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Female MH - *Pre-Eclampsia/pathology/metabolism/drug therapy MH - *Trophoblasts/drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - *NF-kappa B/metabolism MH - *Catechin/pharmacology MH - *Inflammation/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy MH - Signal Transduction/drug effects MH - Pyroptosis/drug effects MH - *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology MH - Extravillous Trophoblasts PMC - PMC12329818 OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-epicatechin OT - inflammation OT - preeclampsia OT - pyroptosis OT - small-molecule compound COIS- The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the work reported. EDAT- 2025/07/15 12:30 MHDA- 2025/08/05 12:34 PMCR- 2025/08/07 CRDT- 2025/07/15 11:53 PHST- 2024/08/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/07/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/08/05 12:34 [medline] PHST- 2025/07/15 12:30 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/07/15 11:53 [entrez] PHST- 2025/08/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - e240182 [pii] AID - REP-24-0182 [pii] AID - 10.1530/REP-24-0182 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Reproduction. 2025 Aug 5;170(3):e240182. doi: 10.1530/REP-24-0182. Print 2025 Sep 1. PMID- 40660070 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250715 LR - 20261010 IS - 1550-7416 (Electronic) IS - 1550-7416 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 5 DP - 2025 Jul 14 TI - Prospects and Challenges of Catechins in Cardiovascular Disease. PG - 119 LID - 10.1208/s12248-025-01105-x [doi] AB - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become one of the leading threats to human health due to their high incidence and mortality rates. Their pathological mechanisms are complex, involving inflammation, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and other factors. Catechins are a group of flavanol derivatives originally extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Their unique polyhydroxy chemical structure endows catechins with a range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant properties, and the regulation of nutrient homeostasis. Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of catechins in atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular conditions. Therefore, catechins present significant potential as a therapeutic approach for CVDs. This review provides an overview of the structure, pharmacological mechanisms, and recent research developments of catechins in cardiovascular diseases, with the goal of offering insights for the future medicinal study of catechins. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. FAU - Chen, Yiyang AU - Chen Y AUID- ORCID: 0009-0000-3162-4500 AD - Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China. FAU - Ren, Yeqing AU - Ren Y AUID- ORCID: 0009-0002-7158-3568 AD - Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China. FAU - Zhou, Kaixin AU - Zhou K AUID- ORCID: 0009-0003-7198-3083 AD - Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China. FAU - Lei, Wangrui AU - Lei W AUID- ORCID: 0009-0005-7255-4082 AD - Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China. FAU - Yang, Yang AU - Yang Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1163-2359 AD - Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Northwest University First Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China. yang200214yy@nwu.edu.cn. FAU - Wang, Xue AU - Wang X AUID- ORCID: 0009-0000-5701-361X AD - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China. xuewangjiaotong@163.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20250714 PL - United States TA - AAPS J JT - The AAPS journal JID - 101223209 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy MH - *Catechin/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - antioxidant OT - cardiovascular disease OT - catechins OT - signaling pathway OT - structure COIS- Declarations. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2025/07/15 00:30 MHDA- 2025/07/15 06:28 CRDT- 2025/07/14 23:36 PHST- 2025/04/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/06/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/07/15 06:28 [medline] PHST- 2025/07/15 00:30 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/07/14 23:36 [entrez] AID - 10.1208/s12248-025-01105-x [pii] AID - 10.1208/s12248-025-01105-x [doi] PST - epublish SO - AAPS J. 2025 Jul 14;27(5):119. doi: 10.1208/s12248-025-01105-x. PMID- 40611568 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250704 LR - 20261003 IS - 2051-817X (Electronic) IS - 2051-817X (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 13 DP - 2025 Jul TI - The impact of a superfood chocolate beverage on indices of peripheral vascular function. PG - e70448 LID - 10.14814/phy2.70448 [doi] LID - e70448 AB - Elevated blood lipids and reduced vascular health contribute to cardiovascular disease. Diets and/or interventions high in antioxidants, polyphenols, and anti-inflammatory properties mitigate this risk. This study hypothesized that daily consumption of a beverage high in antioxidants, polyphenols, and anti-inflammatory properties would improve vascular function, blood lipids, and arterial blood pressure. Vascular function was assessed as brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation (%FMD) and following 5 min of ischemia. Brachial artery blood pressure was assessed, and blood samples were collected for lipid analysis. Measures were assessed in 15 individuals free from cardiovascular or other diseases (5 male; age: 33 +/- 12 years) before (Pre) and 2 weeks following (Post) consumption of the Goode Health Superfood Moroccan Chocolate Blend (~28 g of powder added to 8 oz water twice daily). This beverage is rich in plant-based proteins, prebiotic fiber, antioxidant polyphenols, and anti-inflammatory properties. %FMD was augmented following 2 weeks of beverage consumption (Pre: 4.7 +/- 2.1 vs. Post: 5.8 +/- 2.2%, p = 0.04). Mean blood pressure (Pre: 89 +/- 5 vs. Post: 86 +/- 6 mmHg, p = 0.01) and total cholesterol (Pre: 174 +/- 26 vs. Post: 159 +/- 25 mg/dL, p = 0.04) were lower following 2 weeks of beverage consumption. These data indicate a positive effect of the Goode Health beverage on indices of vascular endothelial function, blood lipids, and arterial blood pressure. CI - (c) 2025 The Author(s). Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. FAU - Kolade, John O AU - Kolade JO AD - Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA. FAU - Brothers, R Matthew AU - Brothers RM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3281-5277 AD - Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA. LA - eng GR - Goode Health LLC/ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Physiol Rep JT - Physiological reports JID - 101607800 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Lipids) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Adult MH - Female MH - *Chocolate MH - *Vasodilation/drug effects MH - *Brachial Artery/physiology/drug effects MH - *Beverages MH - Blood Pressure MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage MH - Polyphenols/administration & dosage MH - Lipids/blood PMC - PMC12231190 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cardiovascular disease OT - lipid profile OT - polyphenols OT - vascular function COIS- The authors have no conflict(s)-of interest or disclosures to report. EDAT- 2025/07/04 06:27 MHDA- 2025/07/04 06:28 PMCR- 2025/07/03 CRDT- 2025/07/04 02:03 PHST- 2025/06/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/02/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/06/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/07/04 06:28 [medline] PHST- 2025/07/04 06:27 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/07/04 02:03 [entrez] PHST- 2025/07/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PHY270448 [pii] AID - 10.14814/phy2.70448 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Physiol Rep. 2025 Jul;13(13):e70448. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70448. PMID- 40372076 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250825 LR - 20260702 IS - 1941-7225 (Electronic) IS - 0895-7061 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 9 DP - 2025 Aug 14 TI - A Comparative Study of the Clinical Efficacy of Superselective Adrenal Artery Embolization for Patients with Primary Aldosteronism. PG - 666-674 LID - 10.1093/ajh/hpaf083 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Superselective adrenal artery embolization (SAAE) is a potential treatment option for patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). METHODS: This retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and impact on cardiorenal organs of SAAE with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and adrenalectomy (ADX) in patients with PA. After a median follow-up of 19 (12.5-26.5) months, 148 patients with PA were included in the study. The study cohorts consisted of 58, 53, and 37 patients treated with SAAE, MRA, and ADX, respectively. RESULTS: During follow-up, SAAE achieved a significantly greater level of complete clinical success in the treatment of PA compared to MRA (P < 0.05). Within the SAAE group (n = 58), 19 (32.8%) and 26 (44.8%) patients achieved complete and partial clinical success, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the prognostic parameters of the cardiorenal organs between the two groups. In the comparison of patients with UPA treated with SAAE (n = 35) and ADX (n = 37), there was no significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that for patients with PA who are not suitable for ADX, SAAE is a viable treatment option that significantly improves clinical outcomes compared to MRA treatment. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Wang, L AU - Wang L AUID- ORCID: 0009-0002-7735-1901 AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Xiang, R AU - Xiang R AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Chang, J AU - Chang J AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Mao, M AU - Mao M AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Feng, R AU - Feng R AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Tao, L AU - Tao L AD - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Tang, P AU - Tang P AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Zhao, Y P AU - Zhao YP AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Zuo, Z AU - Zuo Z AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Gao, D S AU - Gao DS AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Pu, P AU - Pu P AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Huang, W AU - Huang W AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Li, X AU - Li X AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Chen, J AU - Chen J AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Zhao, H AU - Zhao H AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Shi, Q Y AU - Shi QY AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Lv, F J AU - Lv FJ AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - He, Y T AU - He YT AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Khan, N A AU - Khan NA AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. FAU - Xu, Z X AU - Xu ZX AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3294-268X AD - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cadiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. LA - eng GR - 82101651/National Natural Science Foundation/ GR - 2024 Nursing Subject Advancement Plan-Key Project of the School of/ GR - 20240302/Nursing's "Seed Plan"/ PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Hypertens JT - American journal of hypertension JID - 8803676 RN - 0 (Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists) SB - IM CIN - Am J Hypertens. 2025 Aug 14;38(9):637-639. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaf091. PMID: 40396944 MH - Humans MH - *Hyperaldosteronism/therapy/diagnosis/physiopathology MH - Female MH - Male MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Middle Aged MH - *Embolization, Therapeutic/methods/adverse effects MH - Adrenalectomy MH - Treatment Outcome MH - *Adrenal Glands/blood supply MH - Adult MH - Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use MH - Aged OTO - NOTNLM OT - bilateral adrenal hyperplasia OT - blood pressure OT - chocolate OT - hypertension OT - primary aldosteronism OT - superselective adrenal artery embolization EDAT- 2025/05/15 12:36 MHDA- 2025/08/31 19:58 CRDT- 2025/05/15 09:13 PHST- 2025/03/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/05/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/05/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/08/31 19:58 [medline] PHST- 2025/05/15 12:36 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/05/15 09:13 [entrez] AID - 8132820 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajh/hpaf083 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Hypertens. 2025 Aug 14;38(9):666-674. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaf083. PMID- 40355116 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250513 LR - 20250512 IS - 1447-0756 (Electronic) IS - 1341-8076 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 5 DP - 2025 May TI - Epicatechin prevents preeclampsia-associated hypertension and oxidative stress. PG - e16290 LID - 10.1111/jog.16290 [doi] AB - Preeclampsia (PE) is a frequent and dangerous multisystemic pregnancy complication, associated with blood pressure control. Some antioxidants, including chocolate-derived epicatechin, can effectively attenuate hypertensive disorders. AIM: This study aimed to assess whether epicatechin or dark chocolate (DC) could revert vascular increased reactivity and oxidative stress, both features of an experimental PE model. METHODS: Rats from healthy pregnant or PE groups received vehicle, epicatechin (10 mg/kg/day) po, or DC (1 g) po, administered on days 1-14 (early) or days 7-21(late) of pregnancy. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff plethysmography method. Aorta contractility was evaluated using a conventional isolated organ bath, and oxidative stress was determined by nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH) serum activity. RESULTS: Epicatechin and DC significantly reduced hypertension, decreased abdominal aorta contractility, and decreased NADPH activity of the PE animals. The effects were more evident when administered during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that epicatechin has a significant antihypertensive effect in PE mediated by an antioxidant activity that improves vascular contractility. CI - (c) 2025 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. FAU - Soto, Luis J AU - Soto LJ AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Del Tufino, Cecilia AU - Del Tufino C AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Macias-Perez, Martha E AU - Macias-Perez ME AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Castro-Garcia, Seidy AU - Castro-Garcia S AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Jimenez-Cruz, Estefania AU - Jimenez-Cruz E AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Bobadilla-Lugo, Rosa A AU - Bobadilla-Lugo RA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5314-1363 AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. LA - eng GR - Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado del Instituto Poltecnico Nacional, Mexico/ GR - Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologias/ PT - Journal Article PL - Australia TA - J Obstet Gynaecol Res JT - The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research JID - 9612761 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Female MH - Animals MH - Pregnancy MH - *Catechin/pharmacology/administration & dosage MH - *Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - *Pre-Eclampsia/prevention & control MH - Rats MH - *Antioxidants/pharmacology/administration & dosage MH - *Hypertension/prevention & control/etiology MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - NADPH OT - aorta OT - epicatechin OT - hypertension OT - preeclampsia EDAT- 2025/05/13 00:34 MHDA- 2025/05/13 06:33 CRDT- 2025/05/12 20:03 PHST- 2024/11/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/03/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/05/13 06:33 [medline] PHST- 2025/05/13 00:34 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/05/12 20:03 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jog.16290 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2025 May;51(5):e16290. doi: 10.1111/jog.16290. PMID- 40321100 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251201 LR - 20251203 IS - 1469-445X (Electronic) IS - 0958-0670 (Print) IS - 0958-0670 (Linking) VI - 110 IP - 12 DP - 2025 Dec TI - Cocoa shell extract supplementation in hypertensive rats induces outward hypertrophic remodelling in mesenteric resistance arteries, reducing fibrosis. PG - 1838-1851 LID - 10.1113/EP092528 [doi] AB - Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is difficult to control, putting the focus on foods and nutraceuticals. Cocoa has beneficial cardiovascular effects but generates large amounts of residues, such as cocoa shells, which contain bioactive molecules. In a rat model of hypertension (in males) induced by fetal-maternal undernutrition (MUN), supplementation with cocoa shell extract (CSE) at 250 mg/kg for 3 weeks reduced blood pressure, improving mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) vasodilatation. We aimed to investigate, in the same rats, the effect of supplementation on MRA remodelling and stiffening, assessing modifications in cellular and extracellular matrix and contractility. Structural and mechanical parameters were studied with pressure myography, vasoconstriction with wire myography, and cells, collagen and internal elastic lamina fenestrae with confocal microscopy. In comparison to sex-matched control animals, MUN males and females showed a reduction in MRA diameter. However, only MUN males exhibited stiffening, reduced media and increased adventitial layer thickness, and augmented collagen content and noradrenaline-induced contractions. CSE induced outward hypertrophic remodelling, with a normal wall-to-lumen ratio in all groups, and a hypertrophic effect on smooth muscle cells. In addition, in MUN males CSE reduced MRA adventitial collagen and improved elasticity. In conclusion, CSE supplementation induces MRA outward hypertrophic remodelling, possibly related to improved flood flow. In MUN hypertensive rats, the increased diameter and elasticity, associated with modification to the ratio of cells to extracellular matrix, might contribute to the blood pressure-lowering effects of CSE. CI - (c) 2025 The Author(s). Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society. FAU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Pilar AU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez P AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ruvira, Santiago AU - Ruvira S AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Abderrahim, Fatima AU - Abderrahim F AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Morales, Dolores AU - Morales D AD - Confocal Microscopy Service (SiDI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Iampanichakul, Metee AU - Iampanichakul M AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. FAU - Juarez, Lucia AU - Juarez L AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ramiro-Cortijo, David AU - Ramiro-Cortijo D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7442-1586 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Arribas, Silvia M AU - Arribas SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7103-6105 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - RTI2018-097504-B-I00/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU)/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250505 PL - England TA - Exp Physiol JT - Experimental physiology JID - 9002940 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 9007-34-5 (Collagen) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Male MH - *Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects/physiopathology/pathology MH - Female MH - *Hypertension/physiopathology/drug therapy MH - Rats MH - *Vascular Remodeling/drug effects MH - *Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Fibrosis MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - *Vascular Resistance/drug effects MH - Collagen/metabolism MH - Hypertrophy MH - Vasoconstriction/drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects MH - Pregnancy PMC - PMC12665943 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa shell extract OT - collagen OT - fetal programming OT - hypertension OT - remodelling OT - resistance arteries OT - stiffness COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2025/05/05 06:26 MHDA- 2025/12/01 06:25 PMCR- 2025/05/05 CRDT- 2025/05/05 04:33 PHST- 2024/12/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/04/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/12/01 06:25 [medline] PHST- 2025/05/05 06:26 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/05/05 04:33 [entrez] PHST- 2025/05/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - EPH13855 [pii] AID - 10.1113/EP092528 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Exp Physiol. 2025 Dec;110(12):1838-1851. doi: 10.1113/EP092528. Epub 2025 May 5. PMID- 40278156 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250427 IS - 2039-4713 (Electronic) IS - 2039-4705 (Print) IS - 2039-4705 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 2 DP - 2025 Mar 31 TI - The Role of Xenobiotic Caffeine on Cardiovascular Health: Promises and Challenges. LID - 10.3390/jox15020051 [doi] LID - 51 AB - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a leading cause of premature mortality and disability worldwide, with their incidence expected to rise, potentially reaching 24 million deaths per year by 2030. These multifactorial diseases, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, and heart failure, are often linked to metabolic disturbances such as diabetes, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Natural compounds, such as caffeine, have been explored for their potential therapeutic effects on CVDs. Caffeine, found in coffee, tea, cocoa, and various energy drinks, is a widely consumed psychoactive compound with noted analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite its long history of use, caffeine's impact on cardiovascular health remains controversial, with both beneficial and harmful effects reported. This review examines the current literature on the effects of caffeine on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with an emphasis on preclinical and clinical studies, its pharmacokinetic properties, and the molecular mechanisms it modulates. There is evidence that moderate caffeine intake can be beneficial for some CVDs, such as hypertension, while for other CVDs, such as dyslipidemia, the evidence collected so far suggests that caffeine intake could be detrimental since it increases total cholesterol levels. But variability in dosage, intake patterns, and individual factors (such as genetics and diet) complicates the reliability of results. Additionally, challenges related to dose standardization and the absence of consistent clinical trial designs hinder the full utilization of caffeine in CVD treatment. Nonetheless, caffeine appears to be safe for individuals without significant cardiovascular conditions. Future research should aim for well-designed studies with precise patient cohorts and standardized methodologies to better assess caffeine's role in CVD management. FAU - Campagna, Roberto AU - Campagna R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2607-2734 AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy. FAU - Vignini, Arianna AU - Vignini A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2496-7932 AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy. AD - Research Center of Health Education and Health Promotion, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20250331 PL - Switzerland TA - J Xenobiot JT - Journal of xenobiotics JID - 101701430 PMC - PMC12028545 OTO - NOTNLM OT - 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione OT - caffeine OT - cardiovascular diseases COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/04/25 13:47 MHDA- 2025/04/25 13:48 PMCR- 2025/03/31 CRDT- 2025/04/25 10:04 PHST- 2025/02/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/03/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/03/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/04/25 13:48 [medline] PHST- 2025/04/25 13:47 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/04/25 10:04 [entrez] PHST- 2025/03/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jox15020051 [pii] AID - jox-15-00051 [pii] AID - 10.3390/jox15020051 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Xenobiot. 2025 Mar 31;15(2):51. doi: 10.3390/jox15020051. PMID- 40249472 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250421 IS - 2199-1170 (Print) IS - 2198-9761 (Electronic) IS - 2198-9761 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 1 DP - 2025 Apr 18 TI - The Cardiovascular Benefits of Dark Chocolate Supplementation before High-Intensity Resistance Exercise in the Early Follicular and Mid-Luteal Phases of the Menstrual Cycle. PG - 39 LID - 10.1186/s40798-025-00850-9 [doi] LID - 39 AB - BACKGROUND: Dark chocolate, rich in flavanols, may support vascular health by reducing arterial stiffness and blood pressure across menstrual phases. This study examined the effects of 85% dark chocolate on nitric oxide (NO) levels and vascular function during high-intensity resistance exercise in healthy women across the early follicular and mid-luteal phases. METHODS: Thirty-one healthy women (aged 20-30 years) with regular menstrual cycles completed a randomized, crossover study (conducted at National Chung Cheng University, Sep-Dec 2023). Participants consumed either 85% dark chocolate or milk chocolate (1 g/kg body weight) before high-intensity resistance exercise during the early follicular (days 2-5) and mid-luteal (days 18-24) phases of two menstrual cycles. Finger-toe pulse wave velocity (ftPWV), arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and plasma NO levels were measured at rest, 2 h after chocolate consumption (baseline), immediately post-exercise (T0), and at 60 (T60) and 120 (T120) minutes post-exercise. RESULTS: Dark chocolate supplementation significantly increased NO levels and reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), ftPWV, and arterial pressure volume index (API) (p < 0.05) compared to milk chocolate across both menstrual phases. During the early follicular phase, dark chocolate also attenuated exercise-induced increases in arterial stiffness and blood pressure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: 85% dark chocolate supplementation may reduce the negative vascular effects of high-intensity resistance exercise, particularly by lowering blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and API, especially in the early follicular phase. These findings suggest that dark chocolate could be a practical, non-pharmacological intervention for improving cardiovascular health in women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06908941. Registered 19 March 2025 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06908941 . CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s). FAU - Wang, Chun-Wei AU - Wang CW AD - Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, 404401, Taiwan. FAU - Fang, Shih-Hua AU - Fang SH AD - Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, 404401, Taiwan. FAU - Yu, Tse-An AU - Yu TA AD - Department of Athletics Sports, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan. FAU - Chen, Liang-You AU - Chen LY AD - Graduate Institute of Education, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan. FAU - Wang, Chung-Kai AU - Wang CK AD - Graduate Institute of Education, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan. FAU - Wang, Soun-Cheng AU - Wang SC AD - Department of Athletics Sports, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan. FAU - He, Cheng-Shiun AU - He CS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8766-5926 AD - Department of Athletics Sports, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan. cshe@ccu.edu.tw. AD - Graduate Institute of Education, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan. cshe@ccu.edu.tw. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT06908941 GR - NSTC112-2410-H-194-076-/Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20250418 PL - Switzerland TA - Sports Med Open JT - Sports medicine - open JID - 101662568 PMC - PMC12008093 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Catechins OT - Cocoa Flavanols OT - Epicatechins OT - Isotonic Resistance Exercise COIS- Declarations. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate: National Chung Cheng University Human Research Ethics Center approved this study (ID: CCUREC111122101). The study was conducted in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study, and consented to the use of their data in the publication of this manuscript. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article. All authors have reviewed this statement and confirm that there are no financial, professional, or personal relationships that could be perceived as influencing the submitted work. EDAT- 2025/04/18 12:29 MHDA- 2025/04/18 12:30 PMCR- 2025/04/18 CRDT- 2025/04/18 11:06 PHST- 2024/10/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/04/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/04/18 12:30 [medline] PHST- 2025/04/18 12:29 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/04/18 11:06 [entrez] PHST- 2025/04/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s40798-025-00850-9 [pii] AID - 850 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s40798-025-00850-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sports Med Open. 2025 Apr 18;11(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00850-9. PMID- 40147618 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250413 LR - 20250413 IS - 1872-7786 (Electronic) IS - 0009-2797 (Linking) VI - 413 DP - 2025 May 25 TI - Flavonoids and their role in oxidative stress, inflammation, and human diseases. PG - 111489 LID - S0009-2797(25)00119-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111489 [doi] AB - Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are important drivers in the pathogenesis and progression of many chronic diseases, such as cancers of the breast, kidney, lung, and others, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease), mental disorders (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), gastrointestinal disorders (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer), and other disorders. With the increasing demand for less toxic and more tolerable therapies, flavonoids have the potential to effectively modulate the responsiveness to conventional therapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and plant-derived beverages. Six of the twelve structurally different flavonoid subgroups are of dietary significance and include anthocyanidins (e.g. pelargonidin, cyanidin), flavan-3-ols (e.g. epicatechin, epigallocatechin), flavonols (e.g. quercetin, kaempferol), flavones (e.g. luteolin, baicalein), flavanones (e.g. hesperetin, naringenin), and isoflavones (daidzein, genistein). The health benefits of flavonoids are related to their structural characteristics, such as the number and position of hydroxyl groups and the presence of C2C3 double bonds, which predetermine their ability to chelate metal ions, terminate ROS (e.g. hydroxyl radicals formed by the Fenton reaction), and interact with biological targets to trigger a biological response. Based on these structural characteristics, flavonoids can exert both antioxidant or prooxidant properties, modulate the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes and the expression and activation of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)), induce apoptosis and autophagy, and target key signaling pathways, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Bcl-2 family of proteins. This review aims to briefly discuss the mutually interconnected aspects of oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms, such as lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, and the mechanism and resolution of inflammation. The major part of this article discusses the role of flavonoids in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation, two common components of many human diseases. The results of epidemiological studies on flavonoids are also presented. CI - Copyright (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Jomova, Klaudia AU - Jomova K AD - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia. FAU - Alomar, Suliman Y AU - Alomar SY AD - Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Valko, Richard AU - Valko R AD - Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Liska, Jan AU - Liska J AD - Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Nepovimova, Eugenie AU - Nepovimova E AD - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Center of Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic. FAU - Kuca, Kamil AU - Kuca K AD - Center of Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 5005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. FAU - Valko, Marian AU - Valko M AD - Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: marian.valko@stuba.sk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20250325 PL - Ireland TA - Chem Biol Interact JT - Chemico-biological interactions JID - 0227276 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Flavonoids/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use/metabolism MH - *Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - *Inflammation/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology MH - Animals MH - Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism MH - Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chronic diseases OT - Flavonoids OT - Inflammation OT - Oxidative stress OT - Therapy COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper EDAT- 2025/03/28 00:24 MHDA- 2025/04/14 00:25 CRDT- 2025/03/27 20:32 PHST- 2024/06/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/02/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/03/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/04/14 00:25 [medline] PHST- 2025/03/28 00:24 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/03/27 20:32 [entrez] AID - S0009-2797(25)00119-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111489 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chem Biol Interact. 2025 May 25;413:111489. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111489. Epub 2025 Mar 25. PMID- 40126573 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250702 IS - 2062-509X (Print) IS - 2062-8633 (Electronic) IS - 2062-509X (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 2 DP - 2025 Jun 30 TI - Come to the dark side - A review on the health-beneficial and disease-alleviating effects of cocoa-rich dark chocolate. PG - 74-82 LID - 10.1556/1886.2025.00007 [doi] AB - Cocoa that is abundant in dark chocolate is known for its anti-inflammatory effects that are mainly due to biologically active ingredients like polyphenols and methylxanthines. We here provide a comprehensive literature survey of both, in vitro and in vivo studies including clinical trials summarizing recent evidence on the immune-modulatory effects exerted by application of cocoa-rich dark chocolate or distinct cocoa-derived molecules. The survey revealed that dark chocolate and its derivatives could effectively dampen pro-inflammatory including oxidative stress responses in vascular diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and decompression sickness, metabolic morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, chronic kidney diseases, and polycystic ovary syndrome, enhance gut epithelial barrier function, and modulate pain sensations. On the other hand, dark chocolate consumption intake was found to worsen acne symptoms. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with dark chocolate with high contents of biologically active polyphenols and methylxanthines might be promising adjunct immune-modulatory treatment options of distinct acute as well as chronic inflammatory morbidities that need to be evaluated in more detail in future in vivo including clinical studies. FAU - Muth, Heike AU - Muth H AD - Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. FAU - Bereswill, Stefan AU - Bereswill S AD - Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. FAU - Heimesaat, Markus M AU - Heimesaat MM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6399-651X AD - Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20250324 PL - Hungary TA - Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) JT - European journal of microbiology & immunology JID - 101569896 PMC - PMC12208183 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Theobroma cacao L. OT - chronic inflammation OT - cocoa OT - dark chocolate OT - dietary polyphenols and methylxanthines OT - immune-modulatory effects OT - phytomedicals COIS- Ethics statement Not applicable (literature survey). Conflict of interest SB and MMH are members of the Editorial Board of the journal, therefore they did not take part in the review process in any capacity and the submission was handled by a different member of the editorial board. The submission was subject to the same process as any other manuscript and editorial board membership had no influence on editorial consideration and the final decision. EDAT- 2025/03/24 12:46 MHDA- 2025/03/24 12:47 PMCR- 2025/03/24 CRDT- 2025/03/24 12:03 PHST- 2025/01/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/03/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/03/24 12:47 [medline] PHST- 2025/03/24 12:46 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/03/24 12:03 [entrez] PHST- 2025/03/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1556/1886.2025.00007 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2025 Mar 24;15(2):74-82. doi: 10.1556/1886.2025.00007. Print 2025 Jun 30. PMID- 40126033 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251009 LR - 20251119 IS - 2047-4881 (Electronic) IS - 2047-4873 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 14 DP - 2025 Oct 10 TI - Impact of flavan-3-ols on blood pressure and endothelial function in diverse populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PG - 1322-1334 LID - 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf173 [doi] AB - AIMS: Flavan-3-ols, found in cocoa, tea, and certain fruits, show promise in improving blood pressure (BP) and vascular function, but are currently not used for cardiovascular prevention. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of flavan-3-ol-rich interventions on BP and endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS: PubMed was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published 1946-03/2024 on BP and flow-mediated dilation after flavan-3-ol-rich food, beverage, or supplement intake. Random-effects meta-analysis of 109 publications including 145 RCTs and 5205 participants was performed (PROSPERO: CRD42023454691). Flavan-3-ol interventions included epicatechin, epigallocatechin-gallate, cocoa products, tea, grape extract, and apples delivering 586 mg (95% CI 510, 662) total flavan-3-ols. Interventions decreased office (-2.8 [95% CI -3.9, -1.7]/-2.0 [-2.6, -1.3] mmHg) and 24 h-ambulatory BP (-3.7 [-5.8, -1.6]/-2.6 [-4.5, -0.8] mmHg) after chronic repetitive consumption. Effects were larger with elevated and hypertensive baseline BP or categorical hypertension (office: -5.9 [-10.0, -1.8]/-2.7 [-4.4, -1.0] mmHg, 24 h ABP: -6.8 [-16.3, 2.8]/-5.1 [-12.5, 2.2] mmHg). Meta-regression analysis confirmed that the magnitude of BP lowering was inversely related to baseline BP, but not to proportion of participants with CVD, diabetes mellitus, and study duration across all studies, and was dose-dependently related to epicatechin dose only in cocoa studies. Flow-mediated dilation increased after acute (+2.0% [1.6, 2.3]) and repetitive (+1.7% [1.3, 2.2]) consumption independent of BP. Reported adverse events were minor and low (0.4%). The considerable heterogeneity of effect sizes (I2 > 50%) between studies was not explained by the investigated factors limiting the strength of evidence to 'moderate'. CONCLUSION: Flavan-3-ol-rich foods considerably reduce elevated BP and improve endothelial function independent of blood pressure supporting their use for cardiovascular prevention. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Lagou, Vasiliki AU - Lagou V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3165-8940 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK (Institution where work was performed). FAU - Greyling, Arno AU - Greyling A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9633-1546 AD - Unilever Food Innovation Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Ferruzzi, Mario G AU - Ferruzzi MG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1384-2672 AD - Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. FAU - Skene, Simon S AU - Skene SS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7828-3122 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK (Institution where work was performed). FAU - Dubost, Joy AU - Dubost J AD - Lipton Teas and Infusions Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Demirkan, Ayse AU - Demirkan A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7546-0867 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK (Institution where work was performed). FAU - Prokopenko, Inga AU - Prokopenko I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1624-7457 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK (Institution where work was performed). FAU - Shlisky, Julie AU - Shlisky J AD - Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3242-402X AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK (Institution where work was performed). AD - Vascular Medicine Department, East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Canada Avenue, Redhill RH1 5RH, UK. LA - eng GR - Lipton Teas & Infusions/ GR - FS/15/59/31839/BHF Basic Science Research/ GR - FS/SBSRF/21/31025/BHF Basic Science Research/ PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review PL - England TA - Eur J Prev Cardiol JT - European journal of preventive cardiology JID - 101564430 RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Flavonoids/therapeutic use/adverse effects MH - *Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiopathology MH - *Hypertension/physiopathology/drug therapy/diagnosis MH - *Vasodilation/drug effects MH - Middle Aged MH - Female MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Male MH - Treatment Outcome OAB - This analysis of 145 studies shows that foods containing high amounts of flavan-3-ols including tea, cocoa, apples, and grapes possess vascular health effects and should be considered for cardiovascular prevention.Flavan-3-ol-rich foods and supplements decrease blood pressure in particular in people with high blood pressure when consumed daily similar to medication.Improve the function of blood vessels after consumption. OABL- eng OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - Endothelial function OT - Flavan-3-ol OT - Flow-mediated dilation COIS- Conflict of interest: A.G. is employed by Unilever, and J.D. is employed by Lipton Teas and Infusions. Both are companies that produce tea and/or food products of which some are marketed to fit in a healthy diet and lifestyle. C.H. has received research funding from Ageless Science, iThera, the Medical Research Council, the EPSRC, European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and UK Research and Innovation not related to the present work and honoraria for presentations by Bayer. C.H. is member of the board of the European Society of Vascular Medicine, president of the Vascular, Lipid and Metabolic Medicine Council of the Royal Society of Medicine, and chairperson-elect of the ESC WG Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases. A.R.M is the current chair of the Nutrition Society's Special Interest Group on Phytochemicals. I.P. has received research funding by the British HEart Foundation, Diabetes UK and European Commission not related to the present work. EDAT- 2025/03/24 12:46 MHDA- 2025/10/10 00:29 CRDT- 2025/03/24 09:13 PHST- 2024/11/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/01/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/03/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/10/10 00:29 [medline] PHST- 2025/03/24 12:46 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/03/24 09:13 [entrez] AID - 8092214 [pii] AID - 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf173 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025 Oct 10;32(14):1322-1334. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf173. PMID- 40024389 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250727 LR - 20250731 IS - 1532-8503 (Electronic) IS - 1051-2276 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 4 DP - 2025 Jul TI - The Acute Effect of Dark Chocolate on Blood Pressure and Renal Hemodynamics as Assessed With Doppler Ultrasound in Healthy Volunteers. PG - 486-493 LID - S1051-2276(25)00020-2 [pii] LID - 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.003 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Dark chocolate (DC) is rich in cocoa, a substance with antioxidative and antihypertensive properties. The effect of DC on renal hemodynamics is poorly understood. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to investigate whether DC induces changes in blood pressure (BP) and renal perfusion, as assessed with Doppler ultrasound - both at rest and during sympathetic stimulation - compared to cocoa-free white chocolate (WC). METHODS: Seventeen healthy volunteers aged 42 +/- 14 years (47% women) were randomized to eat 1 dose of 1 g/kg of DC (70% cocoa) or 1 g/kg of WC. The renal resistive index (RRI), a proxy of intra-renal vascular resistance, was measured just before and 2 hours after chocolate consumption. BP, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured with the Finapres NOVA hemodynamic monitoring system. At each time point, a 3-minute handgrip (HG) test was performed as sympathetic stimulus; during the HG, supplementary RRI values were measured. Two weeks later, the same exams were repeated with the other type of chocolate. RESULTS: DC intake decreased RRI from 0.62 +/- 0.04 to 0.60 +/- 0.04 (P = .039), whereas RRI did not change after the intake of WC (before: 0.62 +/- 0.05, after: 0.62 +/- 0.04, P = .47). DC had no effect on BP in participants consuming >50 g chocolate/week, whereas systolic blood pressure increased from 115 +/- 17 to 122 +/- 15 mmHg (P = .02) in nonregular chocolate eaters. HG exercise lowered the RRI from 0.62 +/- 0.04 to 0.57 +/- 0.05 (P = .001) and prolonged acceleration times (from 48.2 +/- 8.2 to 57.8 +/- 14 msec, P = .009), while increasing BP, heart rate, and cardiac output. In participants aged >/=35 years, the effect of HG exercise on RRI was attenuated by DC ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of DC led to an acute reduction in RRI, suggesting intra-renal vasodilation, whereas WC had no effect. BP only increased in nonregular DC eaters, suggesting that regular DC eaters accustomed to the BP-modifying effects of DC. HG exercise led to a tardus parvus-like pattern of Doppler curves. This effect was attenuated by DC in older participants, suggesting that DC counterbalances the sympathetically induced intra-renal vasoconstriction in these volunteers. CI - Copyright (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Gargiulo, Louise AU - Gargiulo L AD - Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Hendriks-Balk, Marielle AU - Hendriks-Balk M AD - Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Theiler, Kenji AU - Theiler K AD - Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Brito, Wendy AU - Brito W AD - Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Corre, Tanguy AU - Corre T AD - Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Wuerzner, Gregoire AU - Wuerzner G AD - Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Pruijm, Menno AU - Pruijm M AD - Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: menno.pruijm@chuv.ch. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20250228 PL - United States TA - J Ren Nutr JT - Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation JID - 9112938 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Adult MH - Male MH - Female MH - *Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Chocolate MH - Ultrasonography, Doppler MH - *Hemodynamics/drug effects MH - Middle Aged MH - *Kidney/diagnostic imaging/blood supply/drug effects MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Vascular Resistance/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiac Output/drug effects MH - *Renal Circulation/drug effects MH - Hand Strength OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - handgrip OT - renal hemodynamics OT - renal resistive index OT - sympathetic stimulation EDAT- 2025/03/03 00:57 MHDA- 2025/07/28 08:44 CRDT- 2025/03/02 19:15 PHST- 2024/06/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/01/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/02/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/07/28 08:44 [medline] PHST- 2025/03/03 00:57 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/03/02 19:15 [entrez] AID - S1051-2276(25)00020-2 [pii] AID - 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Ren Nutr. 2025 Jul;35(4):486-493. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2025.02.003. Epub 2025 Feb 28. PMID- 39940685 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250507 LR - 20250507 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 3 DP - 2025 Jan 22 TI - Plant Polyphenols as Heart's Best Friends: From Health Properties, to Cellular Effects, to Molecular Mechanisms of Action. LID - 10.3390/ijms26030915 [doi] LID - 915 AB - Polyphenols are micronutrients found in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, medicinal herbs, fish, crustaceans, and algae. They can also be synthesized using recombinant microorganisms. Interest in plant-derived natural compounds has grown due to their potential therapeutic effects with minimal side effects. This is particularly important as the aging population faces increasing rates of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Studies have highlighted polyphenols' capacity to reduce risk factors linked to the onset of chronic illnesses. This narrative review discusses polyphenol families and their metabolism, and the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols evidenced from in vitro studies, as well as from in vivo studies, on different animal models of cardiac disease. This study also explores the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits. Current research suggests that polyphenols may protect against ischemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial injury through complex mechanisms, including epigenetic and genomic modulation. However, further studies under nutritionally and physiologically relevant conditions, using untargeted multigenomic approaches, are needed to more comprehensively elucidate these mechanisms and firmly prove the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols. FAU - Stankovic, Sanja AU - Stankovic S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0890-535X AD - Center for Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. AD - Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. FAU - Mutavdzin Krneta, Slavica AU - Mutavdzin Krneta S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2886-7058 AD - Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. FAU - Djuric, Dragan AU - Djuric D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2196-9438 AD - Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. FAU - Milosevic, Verica AU - Milosevic V AD - Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia. FAU - Milenkovic, Dragan AU - Milenkovic D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6353-0912 AD - Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA. AD - Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20250122 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Cardiotonic Agents) SB - IM MH - *Polyphenols/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Animals MH - *Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - *Heart Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism MH - Heart/drug effects PMC - PMC11816429 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bioavailability OT - heart health OT - in vitro study OT - in vivo study OT - polyphenols COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/02/13 11:00 MHDA- 2025/02/13 11:01 PMCR- 2025/01/22 CRDT- 2025/02/13 01:03 PHST- 2024/12/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/12/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2025/01/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/02/13 11:01 [medline] PHST- 2025/02/13 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/02/13 01:03 [entrez] PHST- 2025/01/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms26030915 [pii] AID - ijms-26-00915 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms26030915 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 22;26(3):915. doi: 10.3390/ijms26030915. PMID- 39901369 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250303 LR - 20260526 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Print) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 5 DP - 2025 Mar TI - Cardiometabolic Impact of Encapsulated Cocoa Powder and Pure Cocoa Ingredients Supplementation: A Comparative Placebo-Controlled RCT in Adults. PG - e202400490 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.202400490 [doi] LID - e202400490 AB - Consuming cocoa rich in flavan-3-ols (particularly epicatechin [EC]) may reduce vascular stiffness and blood pressure (BP) and improve serum lipid profiles. Because interventional studies on pure EC exhibited inconclusive results, the role of other cocoa ingredients such as methylxanthines (MX) on vascular health was assumed. This study aimed to systematically compare the effects of flavanol-rich cocoa and its major components EC and MX on vascular function and serum lipid levels. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 75 healthy young adults ingested capsules containing either (i) flavanol-rich cocoa powder, (ii) EC, (iii) MX, (iv) EC + MX, or (v) placebo (n = 15 per group) daily for 4 weeks. Capsules provided equal amounts of EC and/or MX as the cocoa capsules. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), BP, endothelin-1, and lipids were investigated before and after intervention. No group-specific statistically significant differences in aortic PWV (p = 0.410) or any other parameters (p >/= 0.05) were observed between before and after the intervention. Daily intake of neither flavanol-rich cocoa nor pure cocoa ingredients influenced vascular function and lipid profiles in healthy adults. Consequently, RCTs involving subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk may clarify the effects of EC and MX as cocoa components on cardiovascular health parameters. Trial Registration: URL: https://drks.de/search/en/trial. Unique identifier: DRKS00022056. CI - (c) 2025 The Author(s). Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. FAU - Weigant, Janina AU - Weigant J AD - Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. AD - Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. FAU - Afchar, Anuschka AU - Afchar A AD - Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Barzen, Meike AU - Barzen M AD - Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Dicks, Lisa AU - Dicks L AD - Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. AD - Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. FAU - Zimmermann, Benno F AU - Zimmermann BF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9877-7066 AD - Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Schmid, Matthias AU - Schmid M AD - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Weinhold, Leonie AU - Weinhold L AD - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit AU - Stoffel-Wagner B AD - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Ellinger, Jorg AU - Ellinger J AD - Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Stehle, Peter AU - Stehle P AD - Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Ellinger S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9988-9406 AD - Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. AD - Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. LA - eng SI - DRKS/DRKS00022056 GR - the University of Bonn and Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences/ PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20250203 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Powders) RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 0 (Xanthines) RN - 0 (Capsules) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - Adult MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Young Adult MH - Vascular Stiffness/drug effects MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Catechin/pharmacology/administration & dosage MH - Chocolate MH - Powders MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Endothelin-1/blood MH - Lipids/blood MH - Xanthines/pharmacology MH - Capsules MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology PMC - PMC11874242 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiometabolic risk factors OT - epicatechin OT - flavanol-rich cocoa OT - methylxanthines OT - pulse wave velocity COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2025/02/04 06:21 MHDA- 2025/03/03 06:21 PMCR- 2025/03/03 CRDT- 2025/02/04 00:53 PHST- 2025/01/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/06/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2025/01/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/03/03 06:21 [medline] PHST- 2025/02/04 06:21 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/02/04 00:53 [entrez] PHST- 2025/03/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - MNFR4957 [pii] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.202400490 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2025 Mar;69(5):e202400490. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202400490. Epub 2025 Feb 3. PMID- 39781269 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250130 IS - 1654-661X (Print) IS - 1654-661X (Electronic) IS - 1654-661X (Linking) VI - 68 DP - 2024 TI - Sweets and other sugary foods - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. PG - 10488 LID - 10.29219/fnr.v68.10488 [doi] LID - 10488 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Sweets, chocolate, and sweet bakery products are generally high in energy and added sugar, whereas the levels of essential nutrients and fibre are low. According to sales statistics, the consumption of sweets and chocolate is high in the Nordic and Baltic countries. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review describes the totality of evidence for the role of sweets and other sugary foods for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023) project. DESIGN: We conducted a literature search to identify systematic reviews published between 2011 and 2021. The literature search resulted in 756 papers, of which 12 were included in this scoping review as sources of evidence. We also used evidence from the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) scientific opinion on tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars published in 2022. RESULTS: Most of the papers included from the search focused on chocolate or cocoa, which are rich in flavonoids. We found some evidence linking chocolate consumption with lower blood pressure, lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and improved insulin markers, but the evidence was ranked low or very low. The search did not identify systematic reviews investigating the associations between other sugary food consumption and health outcomes. In the EFSA review, conclusions were not drawn for other sugar sources than sugar-sweetened beverages. However, for fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, and uric acid, there was a statistically significant effect of high sugar intake from solid foods compared to low sugar intake. CONCLUSION: Because sweets, chocolate, and other sugary foods are high in energy and added sugar, and low in essential nutrients and fibre, it is reasonable to limit their consumption, which is reported high in the Nordic countries. CI - (c) 2024 Henna Vepsalainen and Emily Sonestedt. FAU - Vepsalainen, Henna AU - Vepsalainen H AD - Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Sonestedt, Emily AU - Sonestedt E AD - Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Scoping Review DEP - 20241230 PL - Sweden TA - Food Nutr Res JT - Food & nutrition research JID - 101488795 PMC - PMC11708498 OTO - NOTNLM OT - chocolate OT - confectionary OT - desserts OT - dietary recommendations OT - sugars OT - sweets COIS- The authors have not received any funding or benefits from industry to conduct this study, and report no conflicts of interests. The authors received a small reimbursement from the Norwegian Directorate of Health for work linked to this article. EDAT- 2025/01/09 06:22 MHDA- 2025/01/09 06:23 PMCR- 2024/12/30 CRDT- 2025/01/09 04:17 PHST- 2022/03/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/06/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/01/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/01/09 06:23 [medline] PHST- 2025/01/09 06:22 [pubmed] PHST- 2025/01/09 04:17 [entrez] PHST- 2024/12/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10488 [pii] AID - 10.29219/fnr.v68.10488 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Nutr Res. 2024 Dec 30;68:10488. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10488. eCollection 2024. PMID- 39728884 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20260924 IS - 2075-4663 (Electronic) IS - 2075-4663 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 12 DP - 2024 Dec 13 TI - The Effect of Dark Chocolate Consumption on Arterial Function in Endurance Male Runners: Prospective Cohort Study. LID - 10.3390/sports12120344 [doi] LID - 344 AB - Foods rich in polyphenols have beneficial effects on health. This study aimed to examine the impact of dark chocolate on endurance runners' arterial function. Forty-six male amateur runners, aged 25-55, participated. The initial assessments included clinical testing, arterial stiffness measurements, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test. The participants then consumed 50 g of dark chocolate (70% cocoa) daily for two weeks, maintaining their usual training routine. After this period, the baseline assessment was repeated. The results showed significant improvements. Pulse wave velocity decreased by 11.82% (p < 0.001), and augmentation index by 19.47% (p < 0.001). Systolic brachial blood pressure reduced by 2.12% (p < 0.05), diastolic by 2.79% (p < 0.05), and mean pressure by 2.41% (p < 0.05). Central arterial pressure also decreased, with systolic by 1.24% (p < 0.05), diastolic by 2.80% (p < 0.05), and mean pressure by 2.43% (p < 0.05). Resting heart rate increased by 4.57% (p < 0.05) and left ventricular ejection time decreased by 4.89% (p < 0.05), particularly in athletes over 40. Exercise time increased by 2.16% (p < 0.05), heart rate (max) by 1.15% (p < 0.05), VO(2)max by 2.31% (p < 0.05), and anaerobic threshold shifted by 6.91% (p < 0.001) in exercise time and 6.93% (p < 0.001) in VO(2)max. In conclusion, dark chocolate improves arterial function in endurance runners, enhancing vascular health. FAU - Vordos, Zacharias AU - Vordos Z AUID- ORCID: 0009-0008-2391-1102 AD - Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece. FAU - Deli, Ifigeneia AU - Deli I AD - Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece. FAU - Anifanti, Maria AU - Anifanti M AD - Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece. FAU - Kluzek, Stefan AU - Kluzek S AD - Sports & Exercise Medicine and Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. FAU - Koutlianos, Nikolaos AU - Koutlianos N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7144-6689 AD - Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece. FAU - Kouidi, Evangelia AU - Kouidi E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5023-2542 AD - Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece. FAU - Deligiannis, Asterios AU - Deligiannis A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7765-1897 AD - Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20241213 PL - Switzerland TA - Sports (Basel) JT - Sports (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101722684 PMC - PMC11679228 OTO - NOTNLM OT - arterial stiffness OT - dark chocolate OT - endurance runners OT - polyphenols OT - vascular function COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/12/27 12:20 MHDA- 2024/12/27 12:21 PMCR- 2024/12/13 CRDT- 2024/12/27 09:44 PHST- 2024/11/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/12/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/12/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/12/27 12:21 [medline] PHST- 2024/12/27 12:20 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/12/27 09:44 [entrez] PHST- 2024/12/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - sports12120344 [pii] AID - sports-12-00344 [pii] AID - 10.3390/sports12120344 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sports (Basel). 2024 Dec 13;12(12):344. doi: 10.3390/sports12120344. PMID- 39727885 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241227 LR - 20250104 IS - 2079-6374 (Electronic) IS - 2079-6374 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 12 DP - 2024 Dec 17 TI - Paper-Based Aptasensor Assay for Detection of Food Adulterant Sildenafil. LID - 10.3390/bios14120620 [doi] LID - 620 AB - Sildenafil is used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension but is often illicitly added to energy drinks and chocolates. This study introduces a lateral flow strip test using aptamers specific to sildenafil for detecting its illegal presence in food. The process involved using graphene oxide SELEX to identify high-affinity aptamers, which were then converted into molecular gate structures on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, creating a unique signaling system. This system was integrated into lateral flow chromatography strips and tested on buffers and chocolate samples containing sildenafil. The method simplifies the lateral flow assay (LFA) for small molecules and provides a tool for signal amplification. The detection limit for these strips was found to be 68.2 nM (31.8 microg/kg) in spiked food samples. FAU - Kavruk, Murat AU - Kavruk M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5331-7253 AD - Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34292, Turkey. FAU - Ozalp, Veli Cengiz AU - Ozalp VC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7659-5990 AD - Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey. LA - eng GR - ATU-LAP-2122-14/Atilim University/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20241217 PL - Switzerland TA - Biosensors (Basel) JT - Biosensors JID - 101609191 RN - BW9B0ZE037 (Sildenafil Citrate) RN - 0 (Aptamers, Nucleotide) RN - 7782-42-5 (Graphite) RN - 0 (graphene oxide) SB - IM MH - *Sildenafil Citrate/analysis MH - *Biosensing Techniques MH - *Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry MH - *Graphite/chemistry MH - *Food Contamination/analysis MH - Paper MH - Limit of Detection MH - Food Analysis MH - Humans MH - Nanoparticles/chemistry PMC - PMC11674377 OTO - NOTNLM OT - adulteration OT - biosensors OT - lateral flow strip assay OT - mesoporous silica nanoparticles OT - sildenafil COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/12/27 12:20 MHDA- 2024/12/27 18:20 PMCR- 2024/12/17 CRDT- 2024/12/27 09:16 PHST- 2024/11/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/12/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/12/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/12/27 18:20 [medline] PHST- 2024/12/27 12:20 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/12/27 09:16 [entrez] PHST- 2024/12/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bios14120620 [pii] AID - biosensors-14-00620 [pii] AID - 10.3390/bios14120620 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;14(12):620. doi: 10.3390/bios14120620. PMID- 39652977 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250108 LR - 20250108 IS - 1873-7072 (Electronic) IS - 0308-8146 (Linking) VI - 467 DP - 2025 Mar 1 TI - A novel fluorescence probe using Brown HT precursor carbon dots for highly selective and ultrasensitive quantitation of potassium ion in some staple food samples. PG - 142341 LID - S0308-8146(24)03991-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142341 [doi] AB - Potassium ions (K(+)) perform a variety of functions in biological systems, including the regulation of blood pressure, enzyme activation, maintenance of muscular strength, regulation of extracellular osmolarity and facilitation of nerve transmission. Thus, a one-step hydrothermal-assisted method was used to prepare small-sized photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) from Chocolate Brown HT food dye for the first time. The resulting CDs exhibited strong blue emission, with sizes ranging from 1.8 to 3.2 nm (average 2.5 nm) and an estimated quantum yield of 42.76 %. The complex functional groups present on the surface of the CDs enhance their affinity for certain ions. Leveraging the effective fluorescence quenching effect of K(+), we developed a highly sensitive CD-based fluorescence analytical system with a limit of detection of 0.32 nmol/L. Linearity was established between 1.0 nmol/L and 400 nmol/L. Furthermore, K(+) detection in staple food samples was accomplished using this sensor. The use of 1200 nmol/L sodium ions as an interfering agent resulted in an error of less than 5 %. To validate the accuracy of the proposed method, the results were compared to those obtained using flame atomic emission spectroscopy as a reference method, yielding recovery values ranging from 97.69 % to 103.19 %. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Esmail, Lawen Abdulsatar AU - Esmail LA AD - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Electronic address: Lawen.esmail@su.edu.krd. FAU - Othman, Hazha Omar AU - Othman HO AD - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Electronic address: Hazha.othman@su.edu.krd. FAU - Omar, Nigar Abdulkareem AU - Omar NA AD - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Electronic address: Nigar.omar@su.edu.krd. FAU - Jabbar, Hijran Sanaan AU - Jabbar HS AD - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Research Center, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, 44001 Erbil, Iraq. Electronic address: Hijran.jabbar@su.edu.krd. LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20241205 PL - England TA - Food Chem JT - Food chemistry JID - 7702639 RN - RWP5GA015D (Potassium) RN - 7440-44-0 (Carbon) RN - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes) SB - IM MH - *Potassium/analysis/chemistry MH - *Carbon/chemistry MH - *Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry MH - *Quantum Dots/chemistry MH - *Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods MH - Limit of Detection MH - Food Analysis/methods OTO - NOTNLM OT - Carbon dots OT - Chocolate Brown food dye OT - Fluorescence OT - Potassium ion OT - Staple food COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2024/12/10 00:22 MHDA- 2025/01/08 06:21 CRDT- 2024/12/09 18:06 PHST- 2024/07/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/11/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/12/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2025/01/08 06:21 [medline] PHST- 2024/12/10 00:22 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/12/09 18:06 [entrez] AID - S0308-8146(24)03991-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142341 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Chem. 2025 Mar 1;467:142341. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142341. Epub 2024 Dec 5. PMID- 39552296 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241125 LR - 20250122 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 23 DP - 2024 Nov 25 TI - Cocoa flavanols rescue stress-induced declines in endothelial function after a high-fat meal, but do not affect cerebral oxygenation during stress in young, healthy adults. PG - 11472-11490 LID - 10.1039/d4fo03834g [doi] AB - Food choices during stressful periods often worsen, which can influence the impact of stress on vascular health. For instance, fat consumption impairs the recovery of endothelial function following mental stress, while flavanols have been shown to enhance recovery. This randomised, counterbalanced, double-blinded, crossover, postprandial intervention study examined whether flavanols consumed in combination with fat can mitigate the negative impact of fat on stress-induced impairments in endothelial function. Twenty-three young, healthy males and females ingested a high-fat meal (56.5 g fat) with high-flavanol (150 mg (-)-epicatechin) or low-flavanol (<6 mg (-)-epicatechin) cocoa 1.5 hours before an 8-minute mental stress task. The primary outcome, brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), was assessed at pre-intervention baseline and 30 and 90 minutes post-stress. Pre-frontal cortical oxygenation was assessed post-meal at rest and during stress. Forearm blood flow (FBF), blood pressure (BP), cardiovascular activity, common carotid artery (CCA) diameter and blood flow and mood were assessed before, during and/or after stress. FMD was impaired at 30 and 90 minutes post-stress after the low-flavanol cocoa. High-flavanol cocoa attenuated FMD impairments at 30 minutes and improved FMD at 90 minutes post-stress. Mental stress induced similar increases in cortical oxygenation, FBF, BP, cardiovascular activity, and disruptions to mood, in both conditions. CCA diameter increased and CCA retrograde blood flow decreased post-stress, with no difference between conditions. In summary, flavanols can counteract declines in endothelial function induced by consuming fat in the context of stress, but do not impact cerebral oxygenation. These findings can have important implications for flavanol-rich dietary choices to protect the vasculature from stress. FAU - Baynham, Rosalind AU - Baynham R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5234-2369 AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. c.rendeiro@bham.ac.uk. FAU - Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Jet J C S AU - Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. c.rendeiro@bham.ac.uk. FAU - Rendeiro, Catarina AU - Rendeiro C AD - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. c.rendeiro@bham.ac.uk. AD - Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20241125 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - Young Adult MH - Adult MH - *Stress, Psychological MH - *Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiopathology/metabolism MH - *Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Chocolate/analysis MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects MH - Postprandial Period MH - Dietary Fats MH - Brachial Artery/drug effects/physiopathology EDAT- 2024/11/18 06:22 MHDA- 2024/11/25 12:31 CRDT- 2024/11/18 03:33 PHST- 2024/11/25 12:31 [medline] PHST- 2024/11/18 06:22 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/11/18 03:33 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d4fo03834g [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Funct. 2024 Nov 25;15(23):11472-11490. doi: 10.1039/d4fo03834g. PMID- 39388282 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241119 LR - 20260420 IS - 1469-7793 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3751 (Linking) VI - 602 IP - 22 DP - 2024 Nov TI - Resistance artery vasodilator pathways involved in the antihypertensive effects of cocoa shell extract in rats exposed to fetal undernutrition. PG - 6065-6085 LID - 10.1113/JP287097 [doi] AB - Fetal undernutrition establishes the foundations for hypertension development, with oxidative stress being a key hallmark. A growing interest in nutraceuticals for treating hypertension and environmental waste concerns prompted the present study aiming to evaluate whether supplementation with a polyphenol enriched extract from cocoa shell (CSE), a by-product from the chocolate industry with antioxidant properties, reduces hypertension of developmental origin, thus improving mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) vasodilatation. Adult male and female offspring from rats exposed to 50% food restriction from mid-gestation (maternal undernutrition, MUN) and controls were used. Supplementation was given through a gelatine (vehicle, VEH) or containing CSE (250 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) 5 days week(-1) for 3 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was assessed by tail-cuff plethysmography. MRA function was studied by wire myography, and superoxide anion and nitric oxide were investigated by fluorescent indicators and confocal microscopy. Compared to control-VEH, MUN-VEH males showed significantly higher SBP, reduced MRA as well as relaxation to ACh, sodium nitroprusside and the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, but not to isoproterenol. In MUN males, endothelial endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and nitric oxide were unaltered, but MRA released a vasoconstrictor prostanoid and produced higher levels of superoxide anion. CSE normalized blood pressure and improved all above-mentioned MRA alterations in MUN males without an effect on control counterparts, except the reduction of superoxide anion. MUN-VEH females were normotensive and only showed a tendency towards larger superoxide anion production, which was abolished by CSE. CSE supplementation reduces SBP improving endothelium-dependent and independent MRA vasodilatation, related to local superoxide anion reduction, being a potential nutraceutical ingredient to counteract hypertension, in addition to contributing to the circular economy. KEY POINTS: Fetal undernutrition induces hypertension in males associated with deficient resistance artery vasodilatation, being normalized by cocoa shell extract (CSE). Release of a cyclooxygenase-derived contractile factor is the main endothelial alteration, which is abolished by CSE. AMPK and soluble guanylyl cyclase-mediated relaxation are also reduced in smooth muscle cells from maternal undernutrition resistance arteries, being improved by CSE. Vascular oxidative damage caused by excess superoxide anion generation can account for impaired vasodilatation, which is improved by CSE. The capacity of CSE to improve relaxation is probably related to its antioxidant bioactive factors, and thus cocoa shell is a potential food by-product to treat hypertension. CI - (c) 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society. FAU - Ruvira, Santiago AU - Ruvira S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2216-5335 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Pilar AU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez P AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Abderrahim, Fatima AU - Abderrahim F AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Morales, Dolores AU - Morales D AD - Confocal Microscopy Service (SiDI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Canas, Silvia AU - Canas S AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Valdivieso, Alberto AU - Valdivieso A AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ramiro-Cortijo, David AU - Ramiro-Cortijo D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7442-1586 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Arribas, Silvia M AU - Arribas SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7103-6105 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - RTI2018-097504-B-I00/Ministerio de Ciencia Innovacion y Universidades (MCIN)/ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20241010 PL - England TA - J Physiol JT - The Journal of physiology JID - 0266262 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Female MH - Male MH - *Vasodilation/drug effects MH - *Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Hypertension/drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Fetal Nutrition Disorders/metabolism MH - Vascular Resistance/drug effects MH - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects MH - Malnutrition/drug therapy/physiopathology OTO - NOTNLM OT - DOHaD OT - cocoa shell OT - hypertension OT - nutraceuticals OT - resistance arteries OT - superoxide anion OT - vasodilatation EDAT- 2024/10/10 18:50 MHDA- 2024/11/19 13:18 CRDT- 2024/10/10 12:03 PHST- 2024/06/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/08/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/11/19 13:18 [medline] PHST- 2024/10/10 18:50 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/10/10 12:03 [entrez] AID - 10.1113/JP287097 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Physiol. 2024 Nov;602(22):6065-6085. doi: 10.1113/JP287097. Epub 2024 Oct 10. PMID- 39288159 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241020 LR - 20260917 IS - 1522-9645 (Electronic) IS - 0195-668X (Linking) VI - 45 IP - 40 DP - 2024 Oct 21 TI - Diet and risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. PG - 4259-4274 LID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae551 [doi] AB - Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Comprehensive modification of established AF risk factors combined with dietary interventions and breaking deleterious habits has been shown to reduce AF burden and recurrence. Numerous AF risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity or hypertension can be partially related to dietary and lifestyle choices. Therefore, dietary interventions may have potential as a therapeutic approach in AF. Based on available data, current guidelines recommend alcohol abstinence or reduction to decrease AF symptoms, burden, and progression, and do not indicate the need for caffeine abstention to prevent AF episodes (unless it is a trigger for AF symptoms). Uncertainty persists regarding harms or benefits of other dietary factors including chocolate, fish, salt, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and micronutrients. This article provides a systematic review of the association between AF and both dietary patterns and components. Additionally, it discusses potentially related mechanisms and introduces different strategies to assess patients' nutrition patterns, including mobile health solutions and diet indices. Finally, it highlights the gaps in knowledge requiring future investigation. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Gawalko, Monika AU - Gawalko M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4619-9062 AD - 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland. AD - Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. AD - Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. AD - Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, 1 Port Road, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia. FAU - Middeldorp, Melissa E AU - Middeldorp ME AD - Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, 1 Port Road, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia. AD - Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vincente Blvd, AHSP 3100 Los Angeles, CA, USA. AD - Cardiology Department, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Saljic, Arnela AU - Saljic A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8910-0902 AD - Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Penders, John AU - Penders J AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. FAU - Jespersen, Thomas AU - Jespersen T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6575-360X AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Albert, Christine M AU - Albert CM AD - Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vincente Blvd, AHSP 3100 Los Angeles, CA, USA. AD - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. FAU - Marcus, Gregory M AU - Marcus GM AD - Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. FAU - Wong, Christopher X AU - Wong CX AD - Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, 1 Port Road, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia. AD - Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. FAU - Sanders, Prashanthan AU - Sanders P AD - Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, 1 Port Road, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia. FAU - Linz, Dominik AU - Linz D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4893-0824 AD - Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. AD - Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review PL - England TA - Eur Heart J JT - European heart journal JID - 8006263 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control MH - *Diet/adverse effects MH - Risk Factors MH - Feeding Behavior OTO - NOTNLM OT - Arrhythmia OT - Atrial fibrillation OT - Diet OT - Lifestyle OT - Nutrition EDAT- 2024/09/17 23:43 MHDA- 2024/10/21 10:49 CRDT- 2024/09/17 13:34 PHST- 2024/04/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/06/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/08/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/10/21 10:49 [medline] PHST- 2024/09/17 23:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/09/17 13:34 [entrez] AID - 7759482 [pii] AID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae551 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur Heart J. 2024 Oct 21;45(40):4259-4274. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae551. PMID- 39271172 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250411 LR - 20250420 IS - 1753-4887 (Electronic) IS - 0029-6643 (Print) IS - 0029-6643 (Linking) VI - 83 IP - 5 DP - 2025 May 1 TI - The Therapeutic Potential of Theobromine in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. PG - 859-868 LID - 10.1093/nutrit/nuae122 [doi] AB - Obesity, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, is a significant health concern. Phytochemicals found in plants are being explored for therapeutic use, particularly in combating obesity. Among these, theobromine, commonly found in cocoa and chocolate, shows promise. Although not as extensively studied as caffeine, theobromine exhibits positive effects on human health. It improves lipid profiles, aids in asthma treatment, lowers blood pressure, regulates gut microbiota, reduces tumor formation, moderates blood glucose levels, and acts as a neuroprotective agent. Studies demonstrate its anti-obesity effects through mechanisms such as browning of white adipose tissue, activation of brown adipose tissue, anti-inflammatory properties, and reduction of oxidative stress. This study aims to suggest theobromine as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity-related complications. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. FAU - Tugal Aslan, Dilem AU - Tugal Aslan D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1761-1919 AD - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Altindag, Ankara, Turkiye. FAU - Goktas, Zeynep AU - Goktas Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7241-8017 AD - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Altindag, Ankara, Turkiye. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Nutr Rev JT - Nutrition reviews JID - 0376405 RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) RN - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents) RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Obesity/drug therapy/complications MH - *Theobromine/therapeutic use/pharmacology MH - *Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use PMC - PMC11986327 OTO - NOTNLM OT - anti-inflammatory OT - antioxidant OT - browning OT - obesity OT - theobromine COIS- None declared. EDAT- 2024/09/14 10:44 MHDA- 2025/04/11 06:24 PMCR- 2024/09/13 CRDT- 2024/09/13 20:03 PHST- 2025/04/11 06:24 [medline] PHST- 2024/09/14 10:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/09/13 20:03 [entrez] PHST- 2024/09/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 7756755 [pii] AID - nuae122 [pii] AID - 10.1093/nutrit/nuae122 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Rev. 2025 May 1;83(5):859-868. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae122. PMID- 39250491 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240909 LR - 20261001 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 9 DP - 2024 TI - Effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PG - e0309824 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0309824 [doi] LID - e0309824 AB - BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic diseases cover a spectrum of interrelated conditions linked to metabolic dysfunctions and/or cardiovascular disorders, including systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Cocoa is a rich source of dietary polyphenols and has been associated with cardiovascular health benefits. However, beneficial effects of cocoa consumption and appropriate quantities in decreasing cardiometabolic risk factors have yet to be established. Therefore, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, waist circumference, abdominal circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) in adults with or without established cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Our review will include all randomized controlled trials published in English, Portuguese and Spanish with no date of publication restrictions evaluating the effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers selected from the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science and SciELO, and gray literature. Eligible studies must involve adults (age >/=18y), and the consumption of cocoa or dark chocolate (>/= 70% cocoa), include a control group and evaluate blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and lipid or glycemic profiles. We will use risk-of-bias 2 (RoB2) tool to assess the risk of bias and the GRADE system to assess the strength of evidence. Statistical analyses will be performed using RStudio for Windows and R package meta. DISCUSSION: This meta-analysis will summarize existing evidence on the effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic health in adults. Better understanding the effects of cocoa consumption on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and lipid and glycemic profiles can provide valuable insights for health professionals to improve dietary recommendations regarding appropriate quantities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023484490. CI - Copyright: (c) 2024 Arisi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. FAU - Arisi, Tainah Ortiz Pinto AU - Arisi TOP AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. FAU - da Silva, Diego Silveira AU - da Silva DS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1289-6193 AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. FAU - Stein, Elana AU - Stein E AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. FAU - Weschenfelder, Camila AU - Weschenfelder C AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. FAU - de Oliveira, Patricia Caetano AU - de Oliveira PC AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. FAU - Marcadenti, Aline AU - Marcadenti A AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. AD - Hcor Research Institute (IP-Hcor), Hcor, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. AD - Faculdade de Saude Publica, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil. FAU - Lehnen, Alexandre Machado AU - Lehnen AM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5912-8020 AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. AD - Faculdade Ulbra-Medicina-Gravatai, Gravatai, Brazil. FAU - Waclawovsky, Gustavo AU - Waclawovsky G AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240909 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism/analysis MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - *Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Systematic Reviews as Topic PMC - PMC11383207 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2024/09/09 18:41 MHDA- 2024/09/09 18:42 PMCR- 2024/09/09 CRDT- 2024/09/09 13:33 PHST- 2024/02/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/08/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/09/09 18:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/09/09 18:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/09/09 13:33 [entrez] PHST- 2024/09/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-24-06739 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0309824 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2024 Sep 9;19(9):e0309824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309824. eCollection 2024. PMID- 39243217 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241113 LR - 20241113 IS - 1099-1573 (Electronic) IS - 0951-418X (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 11 DP - 2024 Nov TI - Quercetin supplementation prevents kidney damage and improves long-term prognosis in hypertensive patients. PG - 5376-5388 LID - 10.1002/ptr.8306 [doi] AB - Quercetin has shown potential antihypertensive-like activities in several studies. The present study aimed to test the effect of quercetin supplementation on kidney damage and long-term prognosis in hypertensive patients. The data of enrolled hypertensive patients were acquired from the NHANES dataset. The flavanol intake data was extracted from the FNDDS flavonoid database. Information regarding mortality was extracted from the NCHS. A total of 5801 hypertensive patients were included in this study. Preliminary analysis found that the total flavanols intake dosage was the independent influence factor of the kidney damage prevalence in hypertension, and it was found that only the quercetin supplementation was the protective factor for kidney damage after stratification analysis. For every 10 mg/d increase in quercetin intake, the kidney damage prevalence decreased by 8% [OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, p = 0.032]. The comprehensive analysis results suggested that hypertensive patients in the quercetin-high group had a lower kidney damage prevalence and a higher survival probability than those in the quercetin-low group. The urine microalbumin of hypertensive patients in the quercetin-high group was significantly lower than that of hypertensive patients in the quercetin-low group. In addition, at a median follow-up time of 122 months, the mortality decreased by 9% [HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99, p = 0.031] for every 10 mg/d increase in quercetin intake. The findings suggested that high quercetin intake was associated with low kidney damage prevalence and high survival probability. Based on the existing evidence, promoting quercetin supplementation as a supplementary treatment for hypertensive patients was warranted. CI - (c) 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Zheng, Yawei AU - Zheng Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2497-7353 AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. AD - Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Fang, Yuan AU - Fang Y AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. AD - Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Li, Li AU - Li L AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. AD - Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Wang, Huihui AU - Wang H AD - Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Zhang, Siqi AU - Zhang S AD - Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Zhu, Yuan AU - Zhu Y AD - Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Wang, Yating AU - Wang Y AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Meng, Xianze AU - Meng X AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Fang, Zhen AU - Fang Z AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Luo, Yu AU - Luo Y AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. FAU - Fang, Zhuyuan AU - Fang Z AD - Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. AD - Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. LA - eng GR - k2021j17-1/Projects of Jiangsu Chinese Medicine Clinical Medicine Innovation Center for Hypertension/ GR - 82004309/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - KYCX22_1936/Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province/ GR - 2023QB0107/The First session of Excellent Young Doctor Training Program of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240907 PL - England TA - Phytother Res JT - Phytotherapy research : PTR JID - 8904486 RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) SB - IM MH - *Quercetin/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/drug therapy MH - Male MH - Female MH - Middle Aged MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Prognosis MH - Aged MH - Kidney Diseases/prevention & control MH - Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use MH - Adult MH - Kidney/drug effects/pathology OTO - NOTNLM OT - NHANES OT - hypertension OT - kidney damage OT - quercetin OT - survival probability EDAT- 2024/09/07 14:43 MHDA- 2024/11/14 03:54 CRDT- 2024/09/07 08:32 PHST- 2024/06/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/11/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/07/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/11/14 03:54 [medline] PHST- 2024/09/07 14:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/09/07 08:32 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/ptr.8306 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytother Res. 2024 Nov;38(11):5376-5388. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8306. Epub 2024 Sep 7. PMID- 39199219 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240901 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 8 DP - 2024 Aug 9 TI - Assessing the Impact of (Poly)phenol-Rich Foods on Cardiometabolic Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Dietary Trial. LID - 10.3390/antiox13080973 [doi] LID - 973 AB - Menopause is a critical stage in a woman's life in which cardiometabolic alterations appear, such as insulin resistance or a predisposition to visceral fat deposits, leading to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases (R-CMBs). New strategies to reduce the R-CMBs in postmenopausal women using natural compounds without adverse effects are desirable. In this sense, plant-based diets rich in fruits and vegetables could play a fundamental role due to the high content of bioactive compounds found in these diets, such as (poly)phenols, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator properties. The aim of this research was to carry out a dietary trial to evaluate the effect of the daily intake of different (poly)phenol-rich foods (PP-rich foods) for 2 months on the modulation of the main cardiometabolic risk biomarkers of postmenopausal women. The results showed a slight improvement in blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and oxidative stress, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers. These findings suggest that daily consumption of PP-rich foods alleviated the R-CMBs of postmenopausal women by reducing the oxidative stress and, thus, the risk of cardiovascular events; however, the magnitude of the cardioprotective effect of (poly)phenols depends on inter-individual variability. FAU - Sanchez-Martinez, Lorena AU - Sanchez-Martinez L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9167-5510 AD - Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. AD - Biomedical Reserach Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Barrio, Rocio AU - Gonzalez-Barrio R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6648-5229 AD - Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. AD - Biomedical Reserach Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Alonso, Javier AU - Garcia-Alonso J AD - Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. AD - Biomedical Reserach Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain. FAU - Mena, Pedro AU - Mena P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2150-2977 AD - Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy. AD - Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy. FAU - Periago, Maria-Jesus AU - Periago MJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2096-0167 AD - Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. LA - eng GR - project 20904/PI/2018./Fundacion Seneca (Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnologia de la Region de Murcia, Spain)/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240809 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC11351953 OTO - NOTNLM OT - berries OT - bioactive compounds OT - cardiovascular diseases OT - dark chocolate OT - green tea OT - hypertension OT - metabolic health OT - oranges OT - pomegranate OT - women's health COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2024/08/31 09:50 MHDA- 2024/08/31 09:51 PMCR- 2024/08/09 CRDT- 2024/08/29 01:01 PHST- 2024/06/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/08/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/08/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/08/31 09:51 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/31 09:50 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/29 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2024/08/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox13080973 [pii] AID - antioxidants-13-00973 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox13080973 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Aug 9;13(8):973. doi: 10.3390/antiox13080973. PMID- 39194694 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240830 IS - 1467-3045 (Electronic) IS - 1467-3037 (Print) IS - 1467-3037 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 8 DP - 2024 Jul 26 TI - Functional Activities and Mechanisms of Aronia melanocarpa in Our Health. PG - 8071-8087 LID - 10.3390/cimb46080477 [doi] AB - Aronia melanocarpa, known as black chokeberry, is rich in polyphenols, comprising flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, flavanols, and flavonols, and phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic acid. These polyphenols endow Aronia melanocarpa with preventive and therapeutic properties against various human diseases. Aronia melanocarpa has beneficial effects against diseases such as diabetes, inflammation, and hypertension. Considering the diverse functional components of Aronia melanocarpa, its efficacy in disease prevention and treatment can operate through multiple pathways, offering a more robust approach to disease control. This review covers the latest research results on the functional components of Aronia melanocarpa and their effects on human diseases. FAU - Go, Min Young AU - Go MY AD - Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Jinsick AU - Kim J AD - Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jeon, Chae Young AU - Jeon CY AD - Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea. FAU - Shin, Dong Wook AU - Shin DW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1262-2566 AD - Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea. LA - eng GR - 2023-A019-0172/This paper was supported by Konkuk University in 2023/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20240726 PL - Switzerland TA - Curr Issues Mol Biol JT - Current issues in molecular biology JID - 100931761 PMC - PMC11352306 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aronia melanocarpa OT - chokeberry OT - health OT - human COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/08/28 12:43 MHDA- 2024/08/28 12:44 PMCR- 2024/07/26 CRDT- 2024/08/28 10:13 PHST- 2024/05/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/07/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/07/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/08/28 12:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/28 12:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/28 10:13 [entrez] PHST- 2024/07/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cimb46080477 [pii] AID - cimb-46-00477 [pii] AID - 10.3390/cimb46080477 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Jul 26;46(8):8071-8087. doi: 10.3390/cimb46080477. PMID- 39168558 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240821 LR - 20260226 IS - 1875-7855 (Electronic) IS - 0079-6123 (Linking) VI - 288 DP - 2024 TI - Molecular targets of caffeine in the central nervous system. PG - 35-58 LID - S0079-6123(24)00108-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.012 [doi] AB - Caffeine is an alkaloid obtained from plants and is one of the most consumptive drug in the form of chocolate, coffee and beverages. The potential impact of caffeine within CNS can be easily understood by mechanism of action-antagonism of adenosine receptor, calcium influx, inhibits phosphodiesterases. Adenosine a neuromodulator for adenosine receptors, which are abundantly expressed within the central nervous system. Caffeine antagonized the adenosine receptor, hence stimulate expression of dopamine. It plays pivotal role in many metabolic pathways within the brain and nervous system, it reduced the amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta) accumulation, downregulation of tau protein phosphorylation, stimulate cholinergic neurons and inhibits the acetylcholinestrase (AChE). It also possess antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity. Caffeine act as nutraceutical product, improves mental health. It contains antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements, by reducing the risk factor of several neurodegenerations including Alzheimer's disease, migraine, gallstone, cancer, Huntington's disease and sclerosis. This act as a stimulant and have capability to increase the effectiveness of certain pain killer. Beside positive affects, over-consumption of caffeine leads to negative impact: change in sleep pattern, hallucinations, high blood pressure, mineral loss and even heartburn. This chapter highlights pros and cons of caffeine consumption. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. FAU - Bhardwaj, Ishita AU - Bhardwaj I AD - Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. FAU - Ansari, Atifa Haseeb AU - Ansari AH AD - Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. FAU - Rai, Swayam Prabha AU - Rai SP AD - Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. FAU - Singh, Sippy AU - Singh S AD - Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. FAU - Singh, Durgesh AU - Singh D AD - Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: ddurgesh12@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20240725 PL - Netherlands TA - Prog Brain Res JT - Progress in brain research JID - 0376441 RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Receptors, Purinergic P1) SB - IM MH - *Caffeine/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Animals MH - Central Nervous System/drug effects/metabolism MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology MH - Receptors, Purinergic P1/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adenosine OT - Antagonism OT - Caffeine OT - Neurodegenerative diseases OT - Neuromodulator OT - Nutraceutical EDAT- 2024/08/22 00:42 MHDA- 2024/08/22 00:43 CRDT- 2024/08/21 20:56 PHST- 2024/08/22 00:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/22 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/21 20:56 [entrez] AID - S0079-6123(24)00108-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.012 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Prog Brain Res. 2024;288:35-58. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.012. Epub 2024 Jul 25. PMID- 39150724 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240823 LR - 20240830 IS - 1547-6898 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8444 (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 8 DP - 2024 Sep TI - Dietary glycation compounds - implications for human health. PG - 485-617 LID - 10.1080/10408444.2024.2362985 [doi] AB - The term "glycation compounds" comprises a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that are formed endogenously and in food via the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids. Glycation compounds produced endogenously are considered to contribute to a range of diseases. This has led to the hypothesis that glycation compounds present in food may also cause adverse effects and thus pose a nutritional risk to human health. In this work, the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) summarized data on formation, occurrence, exposure and toxicity of glycation compounds (Part A) and systematically assessed potential associations between dietary intake of defined glycation compounds and disease, including allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease, gut/gastrotoxicity, brain/cognitive impairment and cancer (Part B). A systematic search in Pubmed (Medline), Scopus and Web of Science using a combination of keywords defining individual glycation compounds and relevant disease patterns linked to the subject area of food, nutrition and diet retrieved 253 original publications relevant to the research question. Of these, only 192 were found to comply with previously defined quality criteria and were thus considered suitable to assess potential health risks of dietary glycation compounds. For each adverse health effect considered in this assessment, however, only limited numbers of human, animal and in vitro studies were identified. While studies in humans were often limited due to small cohort size, short study duration, and confounders, experimental studies in animals that allow for controlled exposure to individual glycation compounds provided some evidence for impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, cardiovascular effects and renal injury in response to oral exposure to dicarbonyl compounds, albeit at dose levels by far exceeding estimated human exposures. The overall database was generally inconsistent or inconclusive. Based on this systematic review, the SKLM concludes that there is at present no convincing evidence for a causal association between dietary intake of glycation compounds and adverse health effects. FAU - Hellwig, Michael AU - Hellwig M AD - Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. FAU - Diel, Patrick AU - Diel P AD - Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany. FAU - Eisenbrand, Gerhard AU - Eisenbrand G AD - Kuhler Grund 48/1, Heidelberg, Germany. FAU - Grune, Tilman AU - Grune T AD - Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany. FAU - Guth, Sabine AU - Guth S AD - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany. FAU - Henle, Thomas AU - Henle T AD - Chair of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. FAU - Humpf, Hans-Ulrich AU - Humpf HU AD - Institute of Food Chemistry, Universitat Munster, Munster, Germany. FAU - Joost, Hans-Georg AU - Joost HG AD - Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany. FAU - Marko, Doris AU - Marko D AD - Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. FAU - Raupbach, Jana AU - Raupbach J AD - Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. FAU - Roth, Angelika AU - Roth A AD - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany. FAU - Vieths, Stefan AU - Vieths S AD - Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany. FAU - Mally, Angela AU - Mally A AD - Department of Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20240816 PL - England TA - Crit Rev Toxicol JT - Critical reviews in toxicology JID - 8914275 RN - 0 (Glycation End Products, Advanced) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Humans MH - *Diet MH - Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism/toxicity MH - Maillard Reaction OAB - Considering the implication of endogenous glycation compounds in aging and disease, dietary exposure via consumption of an "AGE (advanced glycation end product) rich diet" is increasingly suggested to pose a potential health risk. However, studies attempting to assess an association between dietary glycation compounds and adverse health effects frequently suffer from insufficient chemical analysis of glycation compounds, including inadequate structural characterization and limited quantitative data. The Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) previously defined quality criteria for studies designed to assess the effects of dietary glycation compounds on human health. The aim of the present work is to summarize data on formation, occurrence, exposure and toxicity of glycation compounds (Part A) and to systematically evaluate if the currently available scientific database allows for a conclusive assessment of potential health effects of defined glycation compounds (Part B).The term "glycation compounds" comprises a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that derive from the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between reducing carbohydrates and amino compounds that occurs during food processing. In the first stage of the Maillard reaction, reducing sugars such as glucose and fructose react for instance with the epsilon-amino group of lysine, which is most abundant in food ("glycation" of lysine). Subsequently, these primary reaction products undergo Amadori rearrangement to yield products (ARP) such as fructosyllysine (FL) from glucose and also Heyns rearrangement products (HRPs) such as glucosyl- and mannosyllysine from fructose. While ARPs are rapidly formed during food processing, they are not stable and undergo degradation reactions, predominantly to 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds such as glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), which are highly reactive. The last stage of the Maillard reaction is characterized predominantly by the reaction of these dicarbonyl compounds with nucleophilic groups of proteins. The side-chains of lysine and arginine residues as well as the N-termini of proteins are important reaction sites. Carboxyalkylated amino acids such as N-epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and N-epsilon-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) result from reaction of the epsilon-amino group of lysine with the dicarbonyl compounds GO and MGO. Dicarbonyl compounds with C5 or C6 chains can form cyclic pyrrole derivatives at the epsilon-amino group of lysine. The most important example for this reaction is pyrraline, which is formed from reaction of 3-DG and lysine. The reaction of dicarbonyl compounds with the guanidino group of arginine mainly leads to hydroimidazolones, of which the MGO-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1) is best described in food systems.ARPs are the most abundant glycation products found in food. Up to 55% of the lysine residues in food may be modified to ARPs at the side-chain. Food items particularly rich in ARPs include bread, rusk, biscuits, chocolate, and powdered infant formulas. Exposure estimates range between 0.6-1.6 mg/kg body weight (bw), although exposure may be as high as 14.3 mg/kg bw in individuals consuming foods with extreme ARP concentrations. Foods particularly rich in dicarbonyl compounds include heat-treated or long-term stored items rich in reducing sugars such as jams, alternative sweeteners, soft drinks, honey, candies, cookies, and vinegars, especially balsamico-type vinegars. The main contributors to the daily intake of MGO, GO, and 3-DG are coffee and bread. Dietary exposure to dicarbonyl compounds has been estimated to range between 0.02-0.29 mg/kg bw/d for MGO, 0.04-0.16 mg/kg bw/d for GO, 0.14-2.3 mg/kg bw/d for 3-DG, and 0.08-0.13 mg/kg bw/d for 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal). Dietary intake of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can be formed from 3-DG, is estimated to range between 0.0001-0.9 mg/kg bw/d. Exposure estimates for individual glycated amino acids range from 0.03-0.35 mg/kg bw/d for CML, 0.02-0.04 mg/kg bw/d for CEL and 0.19-0.41 mg/kg bw/d for MG-H1. From a model diet consisting of 1 L milk, 500 g bakery products and 400 mL coffee, an intake of pyrraline corresponding to 0.36 mg/kg bw/d for a 70 kg person was estimated.Quantitative analysis of individual glycation compounds or their metabolites in tissues or body fluids as well as their reaction products with amino acids, proteins or DNA may serve to monitor exposure to glycation compounds. However, since glycation compounds are also formed endogenously, these biomarkers reflect the totality of the exposure, making it inherently difficult to define the body burden due to dietary intake against the background of endogenous formation.Information on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of glycation compounds is scarce and mostly limited to the reactive dicarbonyl compounds GO, MGO, 3-DG, HMF, and individual glycated amino acids such as CML and CEL. Acute toxicity of dicarbonyl compounds is low to moderate. There are some data to suggest that rapid detoxification of dicarbonyls in the gastrointestinal tract and liver may limit their oral bioavailability. Biotransformation of GO and MGO occurs predominantly via the glutathione (GSH)-dependent glyoxalase system, and to a lesser extent via glutathione-independent aldo-keto-reductases, which are also responsible for biotransformation of 3-DG. GO, MGO and 3-DG readily react with DNA bases in vitro, giving rise to DNA adducts. There is clear evidence for genotoxicity of GO, MGO and 3-DG. Repeated dose toxicity studies on GO consistently reported reduced body weight gain concomitant with reduced food and water consumption but did not identify compound related changes in clinical chemistry and hematology or histopathological lesions. There is also no evidence for systemic carcinogenicity of GO and MGO based on the available studies. However, initiation/promotion studies indicate that oral exposure to GO may exhibit genotoxic and tumor promoting activity locally in the gastrointestinal tract. From a 2-year chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in rats, a NOAEL for systemic toxicity of GO administered via drinking water of 25 mg/kg bw was reported based on reduced body weight and erosions/ulcer in the glandular stomach. Other non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions were not observed. Acute toxicity of HMF is also low. From a 90-day repeated dose toxicity study in mice, a NOAEL of 94 mg/kg bw was derived based on cytoplasmic alterations of proximal tubule epithelial cells of the kidney. HMF was mostly negative in in vitro genotoxicity tests, although positive findings for mutagenicity were obtained under conditions that promote formation of the chemically reactive sulfuric acid ester 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural. There is some evidence of carcinogenic activity of HMF in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma, but not in male mice and rats of both sexes. Although data on oral bioavailability of glycated amino acids are mostly limited to CML, it appears that glycated amino acids may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral exposure to their free and protein bound form. Glycated amino acids that are not absorbed in the intestine may be subject to metabolism by the gut microbiome. Glycated amino acids present in the systemic circulation are rapidly eliminated via the urine. Acute oral toxicity of CML is low. Studies in mice and rats reported changes in clinical chemistry parameters indicative of impaired renal and hepatic function. However, these changes were not dose-related and not supported by histopathological evaluation.Previous risk assessments of individual glycation compounds did not identify a health concern at estimated human exposures (GO, HMF) but also noted the lack of data to draw firm conclusions on health risks associated with exposure to MGO.To identify potential associations between dietary intake of defined glycation compounds and disease a systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model, applying the quality criteria previously defined by the SKLM. Using a combination of keywords defining individual glycation compounds and relevant disease patterns linked to the subject area of food, nutrition and diet, a systematic search in Pubmed (Medline), Scopus and Web of Science was performed. Although the present systematic review identified numerous studies that investigated an association between an "AGE-rich diet" and adverse health effects, only a subset of studies was found to comply with the quality criteria defined by the SKLM and was thus considered suitable to assess potential health risks of dietary glycation compounds.For each adverse health effect considered in this assessment, only limited numbers of human studies were identified. Although studies in humans offer the advantage of investigating effects at relevant human exposures, these studies did not provide compelling evidence for adverse effects of dietary glycation compounds. Animal studies identified in this systematic review provide some evidence for induction of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, cardiovascular effects and renal injury in response to oral exposure to GO and MGO as representatives of dicarbonyl compounds. Only limited evidence points to a link between high intake of glycated amino acids and metabolic disorders. However, these effects were typically reported to occur at dose levels that exceed human dietary exposure, often by several orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, most studies employed only one dose level, precluding characterization of dose-response and derivation of a point of departure for risk assessment. While in vitro studies provide some evidence for a potential mechanistic link between individual glycation compounds and presumed adverse health effects, the clinical and toxicological relevance of the in vitro findings is often limited by the use of high concentrations of glycation compounds that by far exceed human dietary exposure and by insufficient evidence for corresponding adverse effects in vivo. A key question that has not been adequately considered in most studies investigating systemic effects of glycation compounds is the extent of oral bioavailability of dietary glycation compounds, including the form in which MRPs may be taken up (e.g. free vs. peptide bound glycated amino acids). Understanding how much dietary glycation compounds really add to the significant endogenous background is critical to appraise the relevance of dietary MRPs for human health.While it appears mechanistically plausible that glycation of dietary allergens may affect their allergenic potential, the currently available data do not support the hypothesis that dietary glycation compounds may increase the risk for diet-induced allergies. There are no human studies addressing the immunological effects of dietary AGEs. Accordingly, there are no data on whether dietary AGEs promote the development of allergies, nor whether existing allergies are enhanced or attenuated. In numerous in vitro studies, the IgG/E binding ability of antigens and therefore their allergenic potential has been predominantly reported to be reduced by glycation. However, some in vitro studies showed that glycated proteins bind to receptors of immunological cells, and thus may have promoting effects on immune response and inflammation.Although experimental data from animal studies provide some evidence that high doses of individual glycation compounds such as MGO and protein-bound CML may produce certain adverse health effects, including diabetogenic, cardiovascular, metabolic and renal effects, the doses required to achieve these effects by far exceed human dietary exposures. Of note, in the only long-term study identified, a high dose of MGO administered via drinking water to mice for 18 months had no adverse effects on the kidneys, cardiovascular system, or development of diabetes.Experimental data from animal studies provide evidence that high doses of defined glycation compounds such as MGO or protein-bound CML may affect glucose homeostasis. However, the doses required to produce these effects markedly exceed human dietary exposure. Results from human studies are inconclusive: Three short-term intervention studies suggested that diets rich in AGEs may impair glucose homeostasis, whereas one recent intervention study and two observational studies failed to show such an effect.For the cardiovascular system, there is some evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that high concentrations of MRPs, well above the dietary exposure of humans, may enhance inflammation in the cardiovascular system, induce endothelial damage, increase blood pressure and increase the risk of thrombosis. Only a limited number of human intervention studies investigated potential effects of short-term exposure and longer-term effects of glycation compounds on the cardiovascular system, and yielded inconsistent results. The few observational studies available either found no association between dietary MRP intake and cardiovascular function or even reported beneficial effects. Therefore, currently no definitive conclusion on potential acute and chronic effects of dietary MRPs on inflammation and cardiovascular function can be drawn. However, there is currently also no convincing evidence that potential adverse effects on the cardiovascular system are triggered by dietary MRP intake.Furthermore, human studies did not provide evidence for an adverse effect of dietary MRPs on kidney function. In animal studies with high levels of oral intake, MGO was reported to cause structural and functional effects in the kidney. Several studies show that the concentration of modified proteins and amino acids, such as CML, increases significantly in kidney tissue after oral intake. One study showed a negative effect of a high-temperature-treated diet containing increased CML concentrations on kidney structure integrity and impaired glomerular filtration. The causative relationship of accumulation of dietary MRPs and a functional decline of the kidneys, however, needs further confirmation.With regard to gut health, there is some evidence for alterations in gut microflora composition and the production of individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) upon dietary exposure to glycation compounds. However, this has not been linked to adverse health effects in humans and may rather reflect adaptation of the gut microbiota to changing nutrients. In particular, a human observational study and several animal studies did not find a correlation between the intake of glycation compounds and increased intestinal inflammation. In animal studies, positive effects of glycation compounds on gut tissue damage and dysbiosis during colitis were described.Considering clear evidence for DNA reactivity and genotoxicity of the dicarbonyl compounds GO, MGO and 3-DG, it is plausible to suspect that dicarbonyl compounds may induce mutations and cancer. Although there is some evidence for tumor promoting activity of GO locally in the gastrointestinal tract, the only guideline-compatible chronic rodent bioassays reported erosions and ulcer in the glandular stomach but no treatment-related neoplastic lesions. A recent multinational cohort study with focus on CEL, CML, and MG-H1 found no evidence to support the hypothesis that dietary AGEs are linked to cancer risk.Evidence for an association between human exposure to dietary glycation compounds and detrimental effects on the brain and on cognitive performance is far from being compelling. No human studies fully complying with the defined quality criteria were identified. A few experimental studies reported neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment following dietary MRP exposure, but these can be considered indicative at best and do not support firm conclusions for human health. In addition to utilizing exceedingly high dosages of individual agents like CML, harsh processing conditions causing a multitude of major process-related changes do not allow to convincingly reconcile effects observed with measured/supposed contents of free and protein-bound CML alone.Overall, although dietary glycation compounds have been claimed to contribute to a wide range of adverse health effects, the present critical evaluation of the literature allows the conclusion that the available data are insufficient, inadequate or inconclusive and do not compellingly support the hypothesis of human health risks being related to the presence of glycation compounds in food. The study limitations detailed above, together with the fact that a large number of studies did not comply with the defined quality criteria and therefore had to be excluded highlight the importance of performing adequately designed human or animal studies to inform scientifically reliable health risk assessment.To achieve this, high quality, dependable scientific cooperation within various disciplines is pivotal. OABL- eng OTO - NOTNLM OT - AGE OT - Dietary glycation compounds OT - advanced glycation end products OT - adverse health effects OT - allergy OT - brain OT - cancer OT - cardiovascular effects OT - diabetes OT - food safety OT - gastrointestinal disorders OT - maillard reaction products OT - renal disease OT - systematic review EDAT- 2024/08/16 13:41 MHDA- 2024/08/23 12:46 CRDT- 2024/08/16 11:33 PHST- 2024/08/23 12:46 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/16 13:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/16 11:33 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/10408444.2024.2362985 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Toxicol. 2024 Sep;54(8):485-617. doi: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2362985. Epub 2024 Aug 16. PMID- 39125353 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240810 LR - 20240812 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 15 DP - 2024 Jul 30 TI - Flavan-3-ols and Vascular Health: Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms of Action. LID - 10.3390/nu16152471 [doi] LID - 2471 AB - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. A healthy diet rich in plant-derived compounds such as (poly)phenols appears to have a key role in improving cardiovascular health. Flavan-3-ols represent a subclass of (poly)phenols of great interest for their possible health benefits. In this review, we summarized the results of clinical studies on vascular outcomes of flavan-3-ol supplementation and we focused on the role of the microbiota in CVD. Clinical trials included in this review showed that supplementation with flavan-3-ols mostly derived from cocoa products significantly reduces blood pressure and improves endothelial function. Studies on catechins from green tea demonstrated better results when involving healthy individuals. From a mechanistic point of view, emerging evidence suggests that microbial metabolites may play a role in the observed effects. Their function extends beyond the previous belief of ROS scavenging activity and encompasses a direct impact on gene expression and protein function. Although flavan-3-ols appear to have effects on cardiovascular health, further studies are needed to clarify and confirm these potential benefits and the rising evidence of the potential involvement of the microbiota. FAU - Godos, Justyna AU - Godos J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5809-5706 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Romano, Giovanni Luca AU - Romano GL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8722-7835 AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy. FAU - Laudani, Samuele AU - Laudani S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7175-350X AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Gozzo, Lucia AU - Gozzo L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7512-269X AD - Clinical Pharmacology Unit/Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco", 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Guerrera, Ida AU - Guerrera I AUID- ORCID: 0009-0004-8476-8443 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Dominguez Azpiroz, Irma AU - Dominguez Azpiroz I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7261-5205 AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain. AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Angola. AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad de La Romana, La Romana 22000, Dominican Republic. FAU - Martinez Diaz, Raquel AU - Martinez Diaz R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0775-9437 AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain. AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico. AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR 00613, USA. FAU - Quiles, Jose L AU - Quiles JL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9048-9086 AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain. AD - Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix Verdu", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain. AD - Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain. FAU - Battino, Maurizio AU - Battino M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7250-1782 AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain. AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. AD - International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. FAU - Drago, Filippo AU - Drago F AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Giampieri, Francesca AU - Giampieri F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8151-9132 AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain. AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. FAU - Galvano, Fabio AU - Galvano F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0644-0755 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Grosso, Giuseppe AU - Grosso G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3930-5285 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. AD - Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20240730 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Tea/chemistry MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects PMC - PMC11313926 OTO - NOTNLM OT - flavan-3-ols OT - gut microbiota OT - inflammation OT - polyphenols OT - vascular COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/08/10 15:46 MHDA- 2024/08/10 15:47 PMCR- 2024/07/30 CRDT- 2024/08/10 01:13 PHST- 2024/06/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/07/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/07/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/08/10 15:47 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/10 15:46 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/10 01:13 [entrez] PHST- 2024/07/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu16152471 [pii] AID - nutrients-16-02471 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu16152471 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2024 Jul 30;16(15):2471. doi: 10.3390/nu16152471. PMID- 39113917 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240809 IS - 1654-661X (Print) IS - 1654-661X (Electronic) IS - 1654-661X (Linking) VI - 68 DP - 2024 TI - A combination of Citrus aurantifolia fruit rind and Theobroma cacao seed extracts supplementation enhances metabolic rates in overweight subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. LID - 10.29219/fnr.v68.10745 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: LN19183 is a proprietary, synergistic combination of Citrus aurantifolia fruit rind and Theobroma cacao seed extracts that increased resting energy expenditure (REE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese rats. The objective of this study was to validate the thermogenic potential of LN19183 in obese Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and to assess its clinical efficacy in a proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over human trial. METHODS: In the rat study, HFD-fed obese rats were supplemented with either HFD alone or with 45, 90, or 180 mg LN19183 per kg body weight (BW) for 28 days. In the human study, 60 overweight adults (male and female, aged 20-39 years) were randomized. Subjects took LN19183 (450 mg) or a matched placebo capsule on two consecutive days in phases one and two of the study, separated by a 10-day washout period. In each phase, on day 1, REE at pre-dose, 60-, 120-, and 180-min post-dose, and on day 2, metabolic rates at pre-dose and post-dose during and 20 min after exercise were measured using indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: In rats, LN19183 significantly increased REE, reduced BW gain and fat masses, and increased fat and carbohydrate metabolism marker proteins including beta 3 adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR), phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the liver, and serum adiponectin levels. Furthermore, LN19183-supplemented human volunteers increased (P < 0.05, vs. placebo) the metabolic rates at rest and with exercise; their fat oxidation was increased (P < 0.05, vs. placebo) at rest and 20 min post-exercise. The groups' systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rates (HR), and safety parameters were comparable. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that LN19183 is a thermogenic botanical composition with no stimulatory effects on BP and HR. CI - (c) 2024 Nihal Kumar Reddy Ammatalli et al. FAU - Ammatalli, Nihal Kumar Reddy AU - Ammatalli NKR AD - Department of General Medicine, Anu Hospital, Suryaraopet, Vijayawada, India. FAU - Kuricheti, Sesha Sai Siva Krishna AU - Kuricheti SSSK AD - Department of General Medicine, Anu Hospital, Suryaraopet, Vijayawada, India. FAU - Veeramachaneni, Sudipta AU - Veeramachaneni S AD - SV Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. FAU - Koo, Yean Kyoung AU - Koo YK AD - Department of R&I Center, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. FAU - Ramanathan, Guru AU - Ramanathan G AD - Pharmacology-Based Clinical Trials Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. FAU - Yalamanchi, Amulya AU - Yalamanchi A AD - Department of General Medicine, Yalamanchi Hospitals and Research Centre, Vijayawada, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240801 PL - Sweden TA - Food Nutr Res JT - Food & nutrition research JID - 101488795 PMC - PMC11305151 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Citrus aurantifolia OT - Theobroma cacao OT - body fat mass OT - fat and carbohydrate oxidation OT - resting energy expenditure OT - thermogenic botanical composition COIS- NKRA and SSSKK are the practicing physicians in Anu Hospital, Vijayawada, India. YKK is affiliated with Cosmax Bio R&D Center, Republic of Korea.SV and GR provide advisory services to the health industry. AY is associated with Yalamanchi Hospitals and Research Centre, Vijayawada, India. The authors declare that there are no other conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/08/08 06:42 MHDA- 2024/08/08 06:43 PMCR- 2024/08/01 CRDT- 2024/08/08 04:27 PHST- 2024/05/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/06/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/06/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/08/08 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/08 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/08 04:27 [entrez] PHST- 2024/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10745 [pii] AID - 10.29219/fnr.v68.10745 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Nutr Res. 2024 Aug 1;68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10745. eCollection 2024. PMID- 39099809 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240806 IS - 1948-9358 (Print) IS - 1948-9358 (Electronic) IS - 1948-9358 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 7 DP - 2024 Jul 15 TI - Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. PG - 1603-1614 LID - 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1603 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms, and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus (T2DM) and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy. AIM: To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: By using specific keywords, we strategically searched the PubMed database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control, oxidative stress, and antioxidant levels. We focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels, adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants. After screening full-length papers, we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS: In the literature search on the database, we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of CAD. American ginseng, sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure, which are key factors in managing T2DM and CVD. In diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes prevention. Both fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers, suggesting benefits for both conditions. The lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula, which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM. Additionally Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSION: The high level of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic options for the management of CAD, with the potential benefit of lowering the risk of CAD. CI - (c)The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Shrivastav, Dharmsheel AU - Shrivastav D AD - Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India. FAU - Kumbhakar, Satyam Kumar AU - Kumbhakar SK AD - Department of Biotechnology, Govt Veer Surendra Say P.G. College, Gariaband 493889, Chhattisgarh, India. FAU - Srivastava, Shivangi AU - Srivastava S AD - Department of Life Science, Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India. FAU - Singh, Desh Deepak AU - Singh DD AD - Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India. ddsbms@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - World J Diabetes JT - World journal of diabetes JID - 101547524 PMC - PMC11292323 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antioxidants OT - Cardiovascular disease OT - Global burden OT - Natural products OT - Oxidative stress OT - Therapeutic impact OT - Type 2 diabetes mellitus COIS- Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose. EDAT- 2024/08/05 06:43 MHDA- 2024/08/05 06:44 PMCR- 2024/07/15 CRDT- 2024/08/05 04:58 PHST- 2024/02/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/04/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/05/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/08/05 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/05 06:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/05 04:58 [entrez] PHST- 2024/07/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1603 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - World J Diabetes. 2024 Jul 15;15(7):1603-1614. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1603. PMID- 39092514 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20251224 LR - 20251224 IS - 1478-6427 (Electronic) IS - 1478-6419 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 23 DP - 2025 Dec TI - Polyphenols: potent protectors against chronic diseases. PG - 6941-6943 LID - 10.1080/14786419.2024.2386402 [doi] AB - Polyphenols, abundant in plant-based foods like fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, wine, and chocolate, offer significant health benefits. Known for their potent antioxidant properties, they combat oxidative stress by neutralising free radicals, crucial in preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular issues, obesity, and diabetes. Polyphenols also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, modulating gene expression and reducing inflammation associated with NCDs. Their anticancer activities involve inhibiting cancer cell growth and promoting apoptosis through various pathways. They enhance cardiovascular health by improving endothelial function, lowering blood pressure, and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Additionally, polyphenols improve metabolic health by enhancing insulin sensitivity and regulating glucose metabolism, aiding in diabetes and obesity management. These bioactive compounds interact with cellular pathways and gut microbiota, highlighting their multifaceted mechanisms. Integrating polyphenol-rich foods into diets could significantly improve health outcomes and alleviate NCD burdens, advocating for their inclusion in public health strategies and further research to optimise their potential. FAU - Shanmugam, Geetha AU - Shanmugam G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3035-6190 AD - Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20240802 PL - England TA - Nat Prod Res JT - Natural product research JID - 101167924 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Protective Agents) SB - IM MH - *Polyphenols/pharmacology/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Chronic Disease/prevention & control MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Neoplasms/prevention & control MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology MH - Obesity/prevention & control MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control MH - Animals MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - *Protective Agents/pharmacology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Polyphenols OT - anti oxidant OT - anti-inflammatory OT - chronic disease EDAT- 2024/08/02 06:42 MHDA- 2025/12/24 19:33 CRDT- 2024/08/02 05:03 PHST- 2025/12/24 19:33 [medline] PHST- 2024/08/02 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/08/02 05:03 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/14786419.2024.2386402 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nat Prod Res. 2025 Dec;39(23):6941-6943. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2386402. Epub 2024 Aug 2. PMID- 39049560 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250626 LR - 20250626 IS - 1549-7852 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8398 (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 19 DP - 2025 TI - Effects of apples (Malus domestica) and their derivatives on metabolic conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress and an overview of by-products use in food processing. PG - 3785-3816 LID - 10.1080/10408398.2024.2372690 [doi] AB - Apple (Malus domestica) is the third most produced fruit worldwide. It is a well-known source of bioactive compounds mainly represented by hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, dehydroascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and phloridzin. Due to the lack of a recent evaluation of the clinical trials associated with apple consumption, this review investigated the effects of this fruit on metabolic conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress and reviewed the applications of apple waste on food products. Thirty-three studies showed that apples or its derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, improve blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and reduce cardiovascular risks. Apples have a great economic impact due to its several applications in the food industry and as a food supplement since it has impressive nutritional value. Dietary fiber from the fruit pomace can be used as a substitute for fat in food products or as an improver of fiber content in meat products. It can also be used in bakery and confectionary products or be fermented to produce alcohol. Pomace phytocompounds can also be isolated and applied as antioxidants in food products. The potential for the use of apples and by-products in the food industry can reduce environmental damage. FAU - Girotto, Otavio Simoes AU - Girotto OS AD - Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, SP, Brazil. FAU - Furlan, Otavio Oliveira AU - Furlan OO AD - Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, SP, Brazil. FAU - Moretti Junior, Renato Cesar AU - Moretti Junior RC AD - Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, SP, Brazil. FAU - Goulart, Ricardo de Alvares AU - Goulart RA AD - Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marilia, SP, Brazil. FAU - Baldi Junior, Edgar AU - Baldi Junior E AD - Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marilia, SP, Brazil. FAU - Barbalho-Lamas, Caroline AU - Barbalho-Lamas C AD - Department of Gerontology, School of Gerontology, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. FAU - Fornari Laurindo, Lucas AU - Fornari Laurindo L AD - Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marilia (FAMEMA), Marilia, SP, Brazil. FAU - Barbalho, Sandra M AU - Barbalho SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5035-876X AD - Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, SP, Brazil. AD - Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marilia, SP, Brazil. AD - School of Food and Technonolgy of Marilia (FATEC), Sao Paulo, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20240724 PL - United States TA - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr JT - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition JID - 8914818 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) SB - IM MH - *Malus/chemistry MH - *Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Humans MH - *Inflammation MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/analysis MH - Fruit/chemistry MH - *Food Handling/methods MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology MH - Dietary Fiber/analysis MH - Nutritive Value MH - Animals OTO - NOTNLM OT - Apple OT - Malus domestica borkh OT - anti-inflammatory OT - antioxidant OT - apple by-products OT - cardiovascular diseases OT - diabetes OT - dyslipidemia EDAT- 2024/07/26 12:39 MHDA- 2025/06/26 12:29 CRDT- 2024/07/25 02:42 PHST- 2025/06/26 12:29 [medline] PHST- 2024/07/26 12:39 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/07/25 02:42 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/10408398.2024.2372690 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2025;65(19):3785-3816. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2372690. Epub 2024 Jul 24. PMID- 38931273 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240627 LR - 20250711 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 12 DP - 2024 Jun 18 TI - Effects of Cocoa Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. LID - 10.3390/nu16121919 [doi] LID - 1919 AB - BACKGROUND: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of dietary intake of cocoa on anthropometric measurements, lipid and glycemic profiles, and blood pressure levels in adults, with and without comorbidities. METHODS: The databases used were MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, and SciELO. The eligible studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving adults undergoing cocoa consumption (cocoa extract or >/=70% cocoa dark chocolate) for >/=4 weeks that evaluated at least one of the following markers: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist/abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, HDL-c, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). RESULTS: Thirty-one studies were included, totaling 1986 participants. Cocoa consumption showed no effects on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-c and HbA1c. Yet, there was a reduction in total cholesterol (-8.35 mg/dL, 95% CI -14.01; -2.69 mg/dL), LDL-c (-9.47 mg/dL, 95% CI -13.75; -5.20 mg/dL), fasting blood glucose (-4.91 mg/dL, 95% CI -8.29; -1.52 mg/dL), SBP (-2.52 mmHg, 95% CI -4.17; -0.88 mmHg), and DBP (-1.58 mmHg, 95% CI -2.54; -0.62 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of cocoa showed protective effects on major cardiometabolic risk markers that have a clinical impact in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction. FAU - Arisi, Tainah O P AU - Arisi TOP AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. FAU - da Silva, Diego Silveira AU - da Silva DS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1289-6193 AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. FAU - Stein, Elana AU - Stein E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0673-3761 AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. FAU - Weschenfelder, Camila AU - Weschenfelder C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9470-2569 AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. FAU - de Oliveira, Patricia Caetano AU - de Oliveira PC AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. FAU - Marcadenti, Aline AU - Marcadenti A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1994-4610 AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. AD - Instituto de Pesquisa Hcor (IP-Hcor), Hcor, Sao Paulo 04005-909, SP, Brazil. AD - Faculdade de Saude Publica, Universidade de Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil. FAU - Lehnen, Alexandre Machado AU - Lehnen AM AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. FAU - Waclawovsky, Gustavo AU - Waclawovsky G AD - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundacao Universitaria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20240618 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 0 (Lipids) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Cacao MH - *Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism/analysis MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Chocolate MH - Male MH - Female MH - Adult MH - Body Mass Index MH - Body Weight MH - Waist Circumference MH - Middle Aged MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Diet MH - Lipids/blood PMC - PMC11206597 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa OT - dyslipidemia OT - fasting glucose OT - obesity OT - polyphenols COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/06/27 06:43 MHDA- 2024/06/27 06:44 PMCR- 2024/06/18 CRDT- 2024/06/27 01:22 PHST- 2024/05/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/06/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/06/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/06/27 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/06/27 06:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/06/27 01:22 [entrez] PHST- 2024/06/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu16121919 [pii] AID - nutrients-16-01919 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu16121919 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2024 Jun 18;16(12):1919. doi: 10.3390/nu16121919. PMID- 38638945 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240425 IS - 2405-8440 (Print) IS - 2405-8440 (Electronic) IS - 2405-8440 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 8 DP - 2024 Apr 30 TI - The genus Polygonum: An updated comprehensive review of its ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and phytopharmaceutical formulation. PG - e28947 LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28947 [doi] LID - e28947 AB - Polygonum is a plant genus that includes annual and perennial species and is found at various temperatures, from northern temperate regions to tropical and subtropical areas. The genus Polygonum has been used for centuries for various disorders, including hypertension, intestinal and stomach pain, dysuria, jaundice, toothaches, skin allergies, hemorrhoids, cardiac disorders, kidney stones, hemostasis, hyperglycemia, and others. Various databases, including Google Scholar, Scifinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Web of Science, were utilized to collect pertinent scientific literature data. According to bibliographic studies, the Polygonum genus possesses various compounds from different families, including phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, and many other compounds), flavonoids (quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, quercitrin, kaempferol, myricetin, etc.), tannins, stilbenes (polydatin and resveratrol), terpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene and beta-caryophyllene oxide, bisabolene, beta-farnesene, etc.), fatty acids (decanoic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, dodecanoic acid), polysaccharides, and others. Various chemical and biological activities (in vitro and in vivo), such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, neuropharmacological, gastroprotective, diuretic, antipyretic, and others, have been described in several biological studies involving this species. An updated summary of Polygonum species and their ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, toxicological, pharmacological, and phytopharmaceutical formulations is necessary. Considering the numerous potentialities of the Polygonum species and their wide-ranging use, it is extremely essential to provide knowledge by compiling the accessible literature to identify the topics of intense investigation and the main gaps to better design future studies. The objective of this review is to give readers a better understanding, greater comprehension, and in-depth knowledge of the genus Polygonum's traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicological features, and galenic formulation. Several species of this genus have been detailed in this review, including those that were frequently used in traditional medicine (P. minus, P. aviculare, P. hydropiper, P. cuspidatum, and P. multiflorum) and many of the genus' therapeutic species, like P. equisetiforme, which do not get enough attention. CI - (c) 2024 The Authors. FAU - Idoudi, Sourour AU - Idoudi S AD - Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Tunisia. AD - CIRIMAT, Universite Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Universite de Toulouse, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France. FAU - Tourrette, Audrey AU - Tourrette A AD - CIRIMAT, Universite Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Universite de Toulouse, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France. FAU - Bouajila, Jalloul AU - Bouajila J AD - Laboratoire de Genie Chimique, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, F-31062, Toulouse, France. FAU - Romdhane, Mehrez AU - Romdhane M AD - Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Tunisia. FAU - Elfalleh, Walid AU - Elfalleh W AD - Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Tunisia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20240406 PL - England TA - Heliyon JT - Heliyon JID - 101672560 PMC - PMC11024578 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Ethnomedicinal OT - Galenic formulation OT - Pharmacological activities OT - Phytochemical OT - Polygonum species OT - Toxicological COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Walid Elfalleh is currently serving as associate editor in Heliyon Food Science and Nutrition. EDAT- 2024/04/19 06:43 MHDA- 2024/04/19 06:44 PMCR- 2024/04/06 CRDT- 2024/04/19 03:48 PHST- 2023/11/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/03/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/03/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/04/19 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/04/19 06:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/04/19 03:48 [entrez] PHST- 2024/04/06 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2405-8440(24)04978-8 [pii] AID - e28947 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28947 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Heliyon. 2024 Apr 6;10(8):e28947. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28947. eCollection 2024 Apr 30. PMID- 38418667 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250122 LR - 20250513 IS - 0171-2004 (Print) IS - 0171-2004 (Linking) VI - 287 DP - 2025 TI - Natural Products in the Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome. PG - 123-157 LID - 10.1007/164_2024_711 [doi] AB - Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent health condition that requires significant attention and intervention due to its multifaceted nature. It encompasses a variety of ailments such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Despite extensive research, the underlying pathophysiology of MetS is not entirely understood, and current synthetic drugs used to treat it have adverse effects and can be expensive. Therefore, natural products are being investigated as a potential alternative treatment for MetS. This chapter provides an overview of studies on natural products as a treatment for MetS. The available evidence suggests that bioactive phytochemicals and herbal medicines, such as curcumin, resveratrol, Nigella sativa, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Theobroma cacao, have the potential to treat MetS effectively. Furthermore, natural products can be explored as a novel drug discovery approach for MetS. However, it is imperative to conduct well-designed randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes to confirm these findings. Based on our review, we conclude that natural products could be a promising alternative for treating MetS. Further research is warranted to explore this potential fully. The use of natural products for MetS treatment could reduce the reliance on synthetic drugs, many of which have harmful side effects and are costly. The development of natural products as a treatment for MetS could have significant implications for public health, and we encourage further research in this area. CI - (c) 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. FAU - Tabatabaei-Malazy, Ozra AU - Tabatabaei-Malazy O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0188-9721 AD - Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AD - Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Lavari, Narges AU - Lavari N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0586-9835 AD - The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. AD - Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Abdollahi, Mohammad AU - Abdollahi M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0123-1209 AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. Mohammad@TUMS.Ac.Ir. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Germany TA - Handb Exp Pharmacol JT - Handbook of experimental pharmacology JID - 7902231 RN - 0 (Biological Products) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy MH - *Biological Products/therapeutic use/adverse effects MH - Animals MH - Phytotherapy OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bioactive phytochemicals OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Natural products EDAT- 2024/02/29 00:42 MHDA- 2025/01/23 05:15 CRDT- 2024/02/28 23:27 PHST- 2025/01/23 05:15 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/29 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/28 23:27 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/164_2024_711 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2025;287:123-157. doi: 10.1007/164_2024_711. PMID- 38285609 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240328 LR - 20240328 IS - 1347-6947 (Electronic) IS - 0916-8451 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 4 DP - 2024 Mar 22 TI - Effects of flavanols and procyanidins-rich cocoa consumption on metabolic syndrome: an update review (2013-2023). PG - 352-360 LID - 10.1093/bbb/zbae011 [doi] AB - Studies indicated that cocoa-based products effectively mitigate the risks associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, the effect varies based on cocoa types, dosages, and study durations. This review aimed to determine the flavanol-rich cocoa consumption on MetS outcomes within the last decade (2013-2023), adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) used cocoa-based products containing 0.3-1680 mg flavanol monomers and 3.5-1270 mg procyanidins. Cocoa-based products beneficially reduced glycemic response, blood pressure and lipid profiles. However, this review highlights little evidence pinpointing the best cocoa products type and required dosage for the observed effects. Further intervention aiming to improve MetS should justify the selection and concentration of flavanols (monomers and procyanidins). A robust study design should consider registering the trials before study commencement, consider multicenter RCT trials, and adjust for potential covariates that might "masked" the outcomes. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry. FAU - Salaish Kumar, Sharvintha AU - Salaish Kumar S AD - School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia. FAU - Mhd Jalil, Abbe Maleyki AU - Mhd Jalil AM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0051-4533 AD - School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia. FAU - Hussin, Napisah AU - Hussin N AD - School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia. FAU - Mat Daud, Zulfitri 'Azuan AU - Mat Daud Z' AD - Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Ismail, Amin AU - Ismail A AD - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. LA - eng GR - UPM/8003/3/1/1GPB/2018/9658 300/Universiti Putra Malaysia/ GR - FRGS/1/2021/SKK05/UNISZA/02/1/Ministry of Higher Education/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem JT - Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry JID - 9205717 RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology MH - *Metabolic Syndrome MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - *Cacao MH - Blood Pressure MH - Multicenter Studies as Topic OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa flavanols OT - cocoa powder OT - dark chocolate OT - metabolic syndrome OT - procyanidins EDAT- 2024/01/29 19:56 MHDA- 2024/03/28 06:45 CRDT- 2024/01/29 12:43 PHST- 2023/12/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/03/28 06:45 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/29 19:56 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/29 12:43 [entrez] AID - 7591310 [pii] AID - 10.1093/bbb/zbae011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2024 Mar 22;88(4):352-360. doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbae011. PMID- 38214689 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250131 LR - 20250711 IS - 1549-7852 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8398 (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 5 DP - 2025 TI - The impact of consuming technologically processed functional foods enriched/fortified with (poly)phenols on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. PG - 947-963 LID - 10.1080/10408398.2023.2286475 [doi] AB - Cardiovascular diseases are a major global cause of death and healthcare costs, emphasizing the need for effective prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors. One promising approach is the consumption of technologically processed functional foods enriched/fortified with (poly)phenols. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the human clinical trials evidence on the effect of intake of these foods on reducing the most common cardiometabolic risk factors. 12 randomized controlled studies were included in the systematic review, with varying food intake amounts (27-360 g/day) and (poly)phenol doses (32.5-850 mg/day). These interventions included consumption of functional bakery goods, cereal bars, pasta, chocolate, and yogurt, with supplementation periods spanning from 2 to 52 wk. Several foods, such as green tea extract-fortified rye bread and olive fruit (poly)phenol-fortified yogurt, significantly lowered blood pressure. Flavonoid-enriched chocolate, hydroxytyrosol-fortified bread, and other products influenced glucose metabolism. Additionally, various functional foods were associated with improved blood lipid levels. While these results indicate the health advantages of consuming technologically processed functional foods enriched/fortified with (poly)phenols, caution is warranted due to the scarcity and limitations of existing studies. Further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these results in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors. FAU - Frumuzachi, Oleg AU - Frumuzachi O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2744-8270 AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. FAU - Babota, Mihai AU - Babota M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8055-9215 AD - Research Center of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania. AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania. FAU - Miere, Doina AU - Miere D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5029-5060 AD - Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. FAU - Mocan, Andrei AU - Mocan A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5848-8457 AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. AD - Research Center of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania. AD - Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. FAU - Crisan, Gianina AU - Crisan G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2207-8998 AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20240112 PL - United States TA - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr JT - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition JID - 8914818 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Functional Food MH - *Food, Fortified MH - *Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MH - *Polyphenols/administration & dosage MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Food Handling OTO - NOTNLM OT - (poly)phenols OT - Functional foods OT - cardiometabolic risk factors OT - enriched/fortified foods OT - human trials EDAT- 2024/01/12 12:42 MHDA- 2025/02/01 20:41 CRDT- 2024/01/12 10:33 PHST- 2025/02/01 20:41 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/12 12:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/12 10:33 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/10408398.2023.2286475 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2025;65(5):947-963. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2286475. Epub 2024 Jan 12. PMID- 38202201 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240112 IS - 2077-0383 (Print) IS - 2077-0383 (Electronic) IS - 2077-0383 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Dec 29 TI - Improving Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with an (-)-Epicatechin-Based Nutraceutical: A Randomly Assigned, Double-Blind vs. Placebo, Proof-of-Concept Trial. LID - 10.3390/jcm13010195 [doi] LID - 195 AB - BACKGROUND: Age-adjusted rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are higher in men than in women. CVD risk-factor outcomes are underrecognized, underestimated, and undertreated in women because the clinical expressions in women differ from those of men. There are no universally accepted recommendations on what to do in women when the values of fasting glucose, blood pressure, and lipids are only slightly altered or at borderline values. We reported the positive effects on CVD risk markers using cacao by-products, showing that alternative approaches can be used to prevent cardiovascular disease in women. The objective was to evaluate the changes in lipoprotein subfractions induced by three months of treatment with an epicatechin-enriched cacao supplement. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study was developed to evaluate the effects of 3 months of treatment with an (-)-epicatechin-enriched cacao supplement on lipoprotein subfractions. RESULTS: The usual screening workshop for postmenopausal women could be insufficient and misleading. Assessing the effect of a (-)-epicatechin-enriched cacao supplement employing a lipoprotein subfractionation profile analysis suggests a decrease in cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: A simple, low-cost, safe (-)-epicatechin-enriched cacao supplement product can improve the cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. FAU - Najera, Nayelli AU - Najera N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6869-8762 AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Ortiz-Flores, Miguel AU - Ortiz-Flores M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6091-2448 AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Perez-Duran, Javier AU - Perez-Duran J AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. AD - Reproductive and Perinatal Health Research Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. FAU - Reyes-Munoz, Enrique AU - Reyes-Munoz E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5304-7476 AD - Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. FAU - Romo-Yanez, Jose AU - Romo-Yanez J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1145-533X AD - Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. FAU - Ortiz-Luna, Guillermo AU - Ortiz-Luna G AD - Peri and Postmenopause Clinic, National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. FAU - Villarreal, Francisco AU - Villarreal F AD - School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. FAU - Meaney, Eduardo AU - Meaney E AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2155-3934 AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Montoya-Estrada, Araceli AU - Montoya-Estrada A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5057-2793 AD - Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. LA - eng GR - 2020-1-29/Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia/ GR - SIP20220789 to G.C. and SIP20220812 to N.N/Instituto Politecnico Nacional/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20231229 PL - Switzerland TA - J Clin Med JT - Journal of clinical medicine JID - 101606588 PMC - PMC10779966 OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-epicatechin-enriched cacao OT - cardiovascular risk OT - epicatechin OT - lipoprotein subfractionation profile COIS- F.V. is a cofounder and stockholder of Epirium, Inc., G.C. is a stockholder of Epirium, and the rest of the authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2024/01/11 07:42 MHDA- 2024/01/11 07:43 PMCR- 2023/12/29 CRDT- 2024/01/11 01:10 PHST- 2023/11/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/12/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/11 07:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/11 07:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/11 01:10 [entrez] PHST- 2023/12/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jcm13010195 [pii] AID - jcm-13-00195 [pii] AID - 10.3390/jcm13010195 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Clin Med. 2023 Dec 29;13(1):195. doi: 10.3390/jcm13010195. PMID- 38200066 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240112 LR - 20240113 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Jan 10 TI - Dark chocolate intake and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. PG - 968 LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-50351-6 [doi] LID - 968 AB - Previous intervention studies have shown some benefits of dark chocolate for the cardiovascular system, but it has not been established whether dark chocolate intake is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To investigate the causality between dark chocolate intake and the risk of CVDs, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted. We obtained summary-level data on dark chocolate intake and CVDs from publicly available genome-wide association studies. In this MR study, the main approach was to use a fixed-effect model with inverse variance weighted (IVW) and evaluate the robustness of the results via sensitivity analysis. We found that dark chocolate intake was significantly associated with the reduction of the risk of essential hypertension (EH) (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.60-0.88; p = 1.06 x 10(-3)), as well as with the suggestive association to the reduced risk of venous thromboembolism (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.96; p = 2.81 x 10(-2)). However, no association was found between dark chocolate intake and the other ten CVDs. Our study provides evidence for a causality between dark chocolate intake and a reduced risk of EH, which has important implications for the prevention of EH in the population. CI - (c) 2024. The Author(s). FAU - Yang, Juntao AU - Yang J AD - Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhou, Jiedong AU - Zhou J AD - School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. FAU - Yang, Jie AU - Yang J AD - School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. FAU - Lou, Haifei AU - Lou H AD - Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhao, Bingjie AU - Zhao B AD - School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. FAU - Chi, Jufang AU - Chi J AD - Department of Cardiology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. FAU - Tang, Weiliang AU - Tang W AD - Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. twl-sxyz@163.com. LA - eng GR - 60001383/Provincial innovative talents training object/ GR - 2020B33001/Special Project of Science and Technology Plan of Shaoxing City/ GR - 2023ZL184/Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Program/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240110 PL - England TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/genetics MH - *Chocolate MH - Genome-Wide Association Study MH - Mendelian Randomization Analysis MH - Essential Hypertension PMC - PMC10781976 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2024/01/11 00:41 MHDA- 2024/01/12 06:43 PMCR- 2024/01/10 CRDT- 2024/01/10 23:19 PHST- 2023/05/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/12 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/11 00:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/10 23:19 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-50351-6 [pii] AID - 50351 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-50351-6 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 10;14(1):968. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50351-6. PMID- 37760002 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240926 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 9 DP - 2023 Aug 31 TI - Cocoa Shell Extract Reduces Blood Pressure in Aged Hypertensive Rats via the Cardiovascular Upregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-like 2 Protein Expression. LID - 10.3390/antiox12091698 [doi] LID - 1698 AB - Cocoa shell is a by-product of cocoa manufacturing. We obtained an aqueous extract (CSE) rich in polyphenols and methylxanthines with antioxidant and vasodilatory properties. We aimed to evaluate the effects of CSE supplementation in aged hypertensive rats on blood pressure and the mechanism implicated. Eighteen-month-old male and female rats exposed to undernutrition during the fetal period who developed hypertension, with a milder form in females, were used (MUN rats). Systolic blood pressure (SBP; tail-cuff plethysmography) and a blood sample were obtained before (basal) and after CSE supplementation (250 mg/kg; 2 weeks, 5 days/week). Plasma SOD, catalase activity, GSH, carbonyls, and lipid peroxidation were assessed (spectrophotometry). In hearts and aortas from supplemented and non-supplemented age-matched rats, we evaluated the protein expression of SOD-2, catalase, HO-1, UCP-2, total and phosphorylated Nrf2 and e-NOS (Western blot), and aorta media thickness (confocal microscopy). MUN males had higher SBP compared with females, which was reduced via CSE supplementation with a significant difference for group, sex, and interaction effect. After supplementation with plasma, GSH, but not catalase or SOD, was elevated in males and females. Compared with non-supplemented rats, CSE-supplemented males and females exhibited increased aorta e-NOS and Nrf2 protein expression and cardiac phosphorylated-Nrf2, without changes in SOD-2, catalase, HO-1, or UCP-2 in cardiovascular tissues or aorta remodeling. In conclusion, CSE supplementation induces antihypertensive actions related to the upregulation of e-NOS and Nrf2 expression and GSH elevation and a possible direct antioxidant effect of CSE bioactive components. Two weeks of supplementation may be insufficient to increase antioxidant enzyme expression. FAU - Ruvira, Santiago AU - Ruvira S AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arbobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. AD - Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Physiology, Doctoral School, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomas y Valiente 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Pilar AU - Rodriguez-Rodriguez P AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arbobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ramiro-Cortijo, David AU - Ramiro-Cortijo D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7442-1586 AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arbobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Martin-Trueba, Maria AU - Martin-Trueba M AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. AD - Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Martin-Cabrejas, Maria A AU - Martin-Cabrejas MA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9834-639X AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. AD - Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Arribas, Silvia M AU - Arribas SM AD - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Arbobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - RTI2018-097504-B-I00/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Spain)/ GR - 2019-2023/Excellence Line for University Teaching Staff within the Multiannual Agreement between the Community of Madrid (Spain)-UAM/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230831 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC10525428 OTO - NOTNLM OT - GSH OT - Nrf2 OT - aging OT - cocoa shell OT - e-NOS OT - food by-products OT - hypertension OT - maternal undernutrition COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2023/09/28 06:42 MHDA- 2023/09/28 06:43 PMCR- 2023/08/31 CRDT- 2023/09/28 01:04 PHST- 2023/07/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/08/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/09/28 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/09/28 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/09/28 01:04 [entrez] PHST- 2023/08/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox12091698 [pii] AID - antioxidants-12-01698 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox12091698 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Aug 31;12(9):1698. doi: 10.3390/antiox12091698. PMID- 37732427 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240122 LR - 20241023 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Print) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 131 IP - 4 DP - 2024 Feb 28 TI - Effects of epicatechin on cardiovascular function in middle-aged diet-induced obese rat models of metabolic syndrome. PG - 593-605 LID - 10.1017/S000711452300209X [doi] AB - The current study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects of epicatechin, a flavonoid found in green tea and cocoa, in attenuating complications associated with metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese rats. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 16 weeks were fed either standard rat chow or given a high-fat-high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 20 weeks. Epicatechin treatment (5 mg/kg/d) was administered to a subset of WKY rats commencing at week 8 of the 20 week HFHC feeding period. Body weights, food, water and energy intakes, blood pressure, heart rate and glucose tolerance were measured throughout the treatment period. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, lipid levels, cardiac collagen deposition, cardiac electrical function, aortic and mesenteric vessel reactivity were examined after the treatment. Twenty weeks of HFHC feeding in WKY rats resulted in the development of metabolic syndrome indicated by the presence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance and increased blood pressure. Epicatechin treatment was found to enhance the oxidative stress status in HFHC groups through an increase in serum nitric oxide levels and a decrease in 8-isoprostane concentrations. Furthermore, WKY-HFHC rats displayed a decrease in IL-6 levels. The lipid profiles in HFHC groups showed improvement, with a decrease in LDL-cholesterol and TAG and an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels observed in WKY-HFHC rats. However, epicatechin was not effective in preventing weight gain, glucose intolerance or hypertension in HFHC fed rats. Overall, the results of this study suggest that epicatechin has the potential to improve the underlying mechanisms associated with metabolic syndrome in obese rats. FAU - Connolly, Kylie AU - Connolly K AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia. FAU - Batacan, Romeo Jr AU - Batacan R Jr AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6084-7452 AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia. FAU - Jackson, Douglas AU - Jackson D AD - Australian Catholic University, 40 Edward St, North Sydney, NSW2060, Australia. FAU - Fenning, Andrew Stuart AU - Fenning AS AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230921 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) SB - IM MH - Rats MH - Male MH - Animals MH - *Catechin/pharmacology MH - *Metabolic Syndrome MH - *Glucose Intolerance MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Obesity/complications/metabolism MH - Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects MH - Cholesterol, LDL PMC - PMC10803822 OTO - NOTNLM OT - CVD OT - Diet-induced obesity OT - Epicatechin OT - High-fat high-carbohydrate diet OT - Metabolic syndrome EDAT- 2023/09/21 06:43 MHDA- 2024/01/22 06:42 PMCR- 2024/01/23 CRDT- 2023/09/21 05:32 PHST- 2024/01/22 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/09/21 06:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/09/21 05:32 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S000711452300209X [pii] AID - 10.1017/S000711452300209X [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2024 Feb 28;131(4):593-605. doi: 10.1017/S000711452300209X. Epub 2023 Sep 21. PMID- 37687058 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230911 LR - 20230911 IS - 1420-3049 (Electronic) IS - 1420-3049 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 17 DP - 2023 Aug 24 TI - (-)-Epicatechin Inhibits Metastatic-Associated Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Murine Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. LID - 10.3390/molecules28176229 [doi] LID - 6229 AB - Breast cancer, due to its high incidence and mortality, is a public health problem worldwide. Current chemotherapy uses non-specific cytotoxic drugs, which inhibit tumor growth but cause significant adverse effects. (-)-Epicatechin (EC) is part of a large family of biomolecules called flavonoids. It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom; it can be found in green tea, grapes, and cocoa. Several studies in animals and humans have shown that EC induces beneficial effects in the skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, reducing risk factors such as arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, damage to skeletal muscle structure, and mitochondrial malfunction by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, with no adverse effects reported. Recently, we reported that EC had an antitumor effect in a murine triple-negative mammary gland tumor model, decreasing tumoral size and volume and increasing survival by 44%. This work aimed to characterize the effects of flavanol EC on proliferation, migration, and metastasis markers of triple-negative murine breast (4T1) cancer cells in culture. We found proliferation diminished and Bax/Bcl2 ratio increased. When the migration of culture cells was evaluated, we observed a significant reduction in migration. Also, the relative expression of the genes associated with metastasis, Cdh1, Mtss1, Pten, Bmrs, Fat1, and Smad4, was increased. In conclusion, these results contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms activated by EC that can inhibit metastatic-associated proliferation, migration, and invasion of murine breast cancer cells. FAU - Perez-Duran, Javier AU - Perez-Duran J AD - Departamento de Investigacion en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Luna, Aglae AU - Luna A AD - Departamento de Investigacion en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. FAU - Portilla, Andres AU - Portilla A AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Martinez, Pamela AU - Martinez P AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2155-3934 AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Ortiz-Flores, Miguel Angel AU - Ortiz-Flores MA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6091-2448 AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. FAU - Solis-Paredes, Juan Mario AU - Solis-Paredes JM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4529-8296 AD - Departamento de Investigacion en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico. FAU - Najera, Nayelli AU - Najera N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6869-8762 AD - Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico. LA - eng GR - SIP 20220789; SIP 20220812/Instituto Politecnico Nacional/ GR - 2018-1-157/Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230824 PL - Switzerland TA - Molecules JT - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 100964009 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Animals MH - Mice MH - *Catechin/pharmacology MH - Neoplastic Processes MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MH - Cell Proliferation PMC - PMC10488497 OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-epicatechin OT - breast cancer OT - metastasis COIS- G.C. is a stockholder of Epirium Inc. The rest of the authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/09/09 11:44 MHDA- 2023/09/11 06:42 PMCR- 2023/08/24 CRDT- 2023/09/09 01:18 PHST- 2023/06/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/07/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/08/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/09/11 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/09/09 11:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/09/09 01:18 [entrez] PHST- 2023/08/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - molecules28176229 [pii] AID - molecules-28-06229 [pii] AID - 10.3390/molecules28176229 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Molecules. 2023 Aug 24;28(17):6229. doi: 10.3390/molecules28176229. PMID- 37526943 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20260310 LR - 20260313 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 16 DP - 2023 Aug 14 TI - Cocoa flavanols improve peakVO(2) and exercise capacity in a randomized double blinded clinical trial in healthy elderly people. PG - 7562-7573 LID - 10.1039/d3fo01737k [doi] AB - Background: Loss of functional capacity is one of the hallmarks in cardiovascular aging. Cocoa flavanols (CF) exert favorable effects on endothelial function, blood pressure, and inflammation. These cardiovascular health markers worsen with increasing age and limit functional exercise capacity. Aim: To investigate the effect of CF on cardiorespiratory-fitness in healthy elderly people. Methods: In a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 68 healthy elderly people (55-79 years, 28 female) received either 500 mg of CF or a nutrient-matched control capsule twice a day for 30 days. Primary endpoint was defined as peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Secondary endpoints were oxygen pulse (VO(2) per heart rate (HR)), resting blood pressure (BP), and resting vascular function. Results: After 30 days of CF intake peakVO(2) increased by 190 ml min(-1) (95% CI 1-371 ml min(-1)) and peakVO(2) per kg by 2.5 ml (min kg)(-1) (95% CI 0.30-4.2 ml (min kg)(-1)). O(2)-pulse increased by 1.7 ml (95% CI 0.29-3.2 ml) and max exercise capacity by 9.6 W (95% CI 2.1-17.7 W). CF decreased resting systolic and diastolic BP by 5.4 mmHg (95% CI -10.7 to -0.1 mmHg) and 2.9 mmHg (95% CI -5.5 to -0.4 mmHg), respectively. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) increased by an absolute 1.3% (95% CI 0.76-1.79%) in the CF group. Indexes of pulmonary function were not affected. No changes for primary and secondary endpoints were detected in control. Conclusion: CF substantially improve markers of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy elderly humans highlighting their potential to preserve cardiovascular health with increasing age. FAU - Grone, Michael AU - Grone M AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Duse, Dragos Andrei AU - Duse DA AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Kramser, Nicolas AU - Kramser N AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Ophoff, Niklas AU - Ophoff N AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Schweers, Hendrik AU - Schweers H AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Voss, Fabian AU - Voss F AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Quast, Christine AU - Quast C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0405-989X AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, UK. FAU - Jung, Christian AU - Jung C AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. AD - CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Erkens, Ralf AU - Erkens R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3373-652X AD - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ralf.Erkens@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20230814 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Aged MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Oxygen Consumption/drug effects MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Flavonols/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Exercise Test MH - *Exercise Tolerance/drug effects MH - Cardiorespiratory Fitness EDAT- 2023/08/01 13:09 MHDA- 2026/03/10 18:37 CRDT- 2023/08/01 11:33 PHST- 2026/03/10 18:37 [medline] PHST- 2023/08/01 13:09 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/08/01 11:33 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d3fo01737k [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Funct. 2023 Aug 14;14(16):7562-7573. doi: 10.1039/d3fo01737k. PMID- 37486473 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20241004 LR - 20261010 IS - 1573-501X (Electronic) IS - 1381-1991 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 4 DP - 2024 Aug TI - Exploration of the molecular mechanism of tea polyphenols against pulmonary hypertension by integrative approach of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. PG - 2603-2616 LID - 10.1007/s11030-023-10700-z [doi] AB - Pulmonary hypertension, a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a major global health concern. Green tea is a popular beverage that is consumed all over the world. Green tea's active ingredients are epicatechin derivatives, also known as "polyphenols," which have anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of green tea polyphenols in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. A total of 316 potential green tea polyphenols-related targets were obtained from the PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction, and TargetNet databases. A total of 410 pulmonary hypertension-related targets were predicted by the CTD, DisGeNET, pharmkb, and GeneCards databases. Green tea polyphenols-related targets were hit by the 49 targets associated with pulmonary hypertension. AKT1 and HIF1-alpha were identified through the FDA drugs-target network and PPI network combined with GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment. Molecular docking results showed that green tea polyphenols had strong binding abilities to AKT1 and HIF1-alpha. In vitro experiments showed that green tea polyphenols inhibited the proliferation and migration of hypoxia stimulated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by decreasing AKT1 phosphorylation and downregulating HIF1alpha expression. Collectively, green tea polyphenols are promising phytochemicals against pulmonary hypertension. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. FAU - Yang, Huan AU - Yang H AD - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China. FAU - Cao, Jun AU - Cao J AD - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China. FAU - Li, Jian-Min AU - Li JM AD - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China. FAU - Li, Cheng AU - Li C AD - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China. FAU - Zhou, Wen-Wu AU - Zhou WW AD - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China. FAU - Luo, Jin-Wen AU - Luo JW AD - Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China. Jinwen_luo168@163.com. LA - eng GR - 2020SK50904/Hunan Province Inclusive Policy and Innovation Environment Construction Plan-Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project/ GR - 2022JJ70013/The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230724 PL - Netherlands TA - Mol Divers JT - Molecular diversity JID - 9516534 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 0 (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt) SB - IM MH - *Molecular Docking Simulation MH - *Polyphenols/pharmacology/chemistry MH - *Network Pharmacology MH - *Tea/chemistry MH - *Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy MH - Humans MH - Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism MH - Cell Proliferation/drug effects MH - Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects/metabolism MH - Cell Movement/drug effects MH - Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Green tea polyphenols OT - Molecular docking OT - Network pharmacology OT - Pulmonary hypertension EDAT- 2023/07/24 13:07 MHDA- 2024/10/04 08:43 CRDT- 2023/07/24 11:11 PHST- 2023/02/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/07/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/10/04 08:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/07/24 13:07 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/07/24 11:11 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11030-023-10700-z [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11030-023-10700-z [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Divers. 2024 Aug;28(4):2603-2616. doi: 10.1007/s11030-023-10700-z. Epub 2023 Jul 24. PMID- 37457143 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240922 IS - 2048-7177 (Print) IS - 2048-7177 (Electronic) IS - 2048-7177 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 7 DP - 2023 Jul TI - Fortification of chocolates with high-value-added plant-based substances: Recent trends, current challenges, and future prospects. PG - 3686-3705 LID - 10.1002/fsn3.3387 [doi] AB - High consumption of delicious foods, such as chocolates, is considered excellent snacks, capable of converting from health-threatening to great functional foods. The fortification of chocolates with high-value-added plant-based substances might improve their healthful effects, nutritional properties, and shelf life. Chocolate could be an effective carrier for plant-based substances delivery, and it could be an effective vehicle to treat and reduce the indications of disease, such as obesity, overweight, hypertension, stress, cardiovascular failure, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. Referring to the recent studies in chocolate fortification with high-value-added plant-based substances, it seems that the recent trends are toward its therapeutic effects against noncommunicable diseases. Despite the undeniable functional effects of fortified chocolates, there are some challenges in the fortification way of chocolates. In other words, their functional characteristics, such as rheological and sensory attributes, may undesirably change. It seems that encapsulation techniques, such as spray drying, antisolvent precipitation, nanoemulsification, and liposomal encapsulation, could almost overcome these challenges. Thus, several studies focused on designing and fabricating nanoscale delivery systems with the aim of chocolate fortification, which is discussed. CI - (c) 2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - Abedini, Amirhossein AU - Abedini A AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. AD - Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. FAU - Dakhili, Samira AU - Dakhili S AD - Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. FAU - Bazzaz, Sara AU - Bazzaz S AD - Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. FAU - Kamaladdin Moghaddam, Saba AU - Kamaladdin Moghaddam S AD - Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. FAU - Mahmoudzadeh, Maryam AU - Mahmoudzadeh M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6713-7576 AD - Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran. AD - Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran. FAU - Andishmand, Hashem AU - Andishmand H AD - Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran. AD - Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20230517 PL - United States TA - Food Sci Nutr JT - Food science & nutrition JID - 101605473 PMC - PMC10345668 OTO - NOTNLM OT - functional foods OT - health effects OT - nanoencapsulation OT - phenolic compounds OT - shelf life COIS- There are no conflicts of interest to declare. EDAT- 2023/07/17 06:42 MHDA- 2023/07/17 06:43 PMCR- 2023/05/17 CRDT- 2023/07/17 04:34 PHST- 2022/12/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/04/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/04/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/07/17 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/07/17 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/07/17 04:34 [entrez] PHST- 2023/05/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - FSN33387 [pii] AID - 10.1002/fsn3.3387 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Sci Nutr. 2023 May 17;11(7):3686-3705. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3387. eCollection 2023 Jul. PMID- 37351191 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230701 IS - 2296-861X (Print) IS - 2296-861X (Electronic) IS - 2296-861X (Linking) VI - 10 DP - 2023 TI - A grape seed and bilberry extract reduces blood pressure in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes: the PRECISE study, a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over intervention study. PG - 1139880 LID - 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139880 [doi] LID - 1139880 AB - BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. T2DM prevention is largely based on weight-loss and whole diet changes, but intervention with dietary plant bioactives may also improve metabolic health. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract for 12 weeks improves cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals at risk of developing T2DM, and to determine whether individual treatment response is associated with differences in gut microbiota composition and levels of phenolic metabolites in blood and feces. METHODS: In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over PRECISE intervention study, 14 participants, aged >/=45 years, with a BMI >28 kg/m(2), and having an increased risk of T2DM, received a supplement containing 250 mg of bilberry plus 300 mg of grape seed extract, or 550 mg of a control extract, per day, for 12 weeks each. Blood samples were obtained for the assessment of HbA1c, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, insulin, glucagon levels, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and phenolic acids. We also assessed advanced glycation end products in the skin, ambulatory 24 hours blood pressure, 7-day dietary intake by weighed food diaries, fecal levels of phenolic metabolites using LC-MS/MS and gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. RESULTS: The combined bilberry and grape seed extract did not affect glucose and cholesterol outcomes, but it decreased systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure by 4.7 (p < 0.001) and 2.3 (p = 0.0009) mmHg, respectively. Eight out of fourteen participants were identified as blood pressure 'responders'. These responders had higher levels of phenylpropionic and phenyllactic acids in their fecal samples, and a higher proportional abundance of Fusicatenibacter-related bacteria (p < 0.01) in their baseline stool samples. CONCLUSION: Long-term supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract can improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals at risk of T2DM. Individual responsiveness was correlated with the presence of certain fecal bacterial strains, and an ability to metabolize (epi)catechin into smaller phenolic metabolites.Clinical trial registry number: Research Registry (number 4084). CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Grohmann, Walker, Russell, Hoggard, Zhang, Horgan and de Roos. FAU - Grohmann, Teresa AU - Grohmann T AD - Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. FAU - Walker, Alan W AU - Walker AW AD - Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. FAU - Russell, Wendy R AU - Russell WR AD - Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. FAU - Hoggard, Nigel AU - Hoggard N AD - Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. FAU - Zhang, Xuguang AU - Zhang X AD - By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China. FAU - Horgan, Graham AU - Horgan G AD - Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. FAU - de Roos, Baukje AU - de Roos B AD - Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230607 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Nutr JT - Frontiers in nutrition JID - 101642264 PMC - PMC10283353 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bilberry extract OT - blood pressure OT - cardiometabolic health OT - grape seed extract OT - gut microbiota OT - human intervention study OT - type 2 diabetes prevention COIS- XZ is an employee of the company By-health Co., Ltd., and BR is a member of By-Health's academic advisory board. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/06/23 13:07 MHDA- 2023/06/23 13:08 PMCR- 2023/01/01 CRDT- 2023/06/23 10:30 PHST- 2023/01/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/04/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/06/23 13:08 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/23 13:07 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/23 10:30 [entrez] PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139880 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 7;10:1139880. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139880. eCollection 2023. PMID- 37314243 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20250315 LR - 20250513 IS - 1545-1550 (Electronic) IS - 1526-6028 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 2 DP - 2025 Apr TI - Chocolate Touch Versus Lutonix Drug-Coated Balloon for Femoropopliteal Lesions in Diabetes: The Chocolate Touch Study. PG - 414-422 LID - 10.1177/15266028231179589 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The randomized Chocolate Touch Study demonstrated that in patients undergoing treatment of femoropopliteal artery lesions, the Chocolate Touch drug-coated balloon (DCB) was safe and had superior efficacy at 12 months compared with the Lutonix DCB. We report the prespecified diabetes subanalysis comparing outcomes among patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Patients with claudication or ischemic rest pain (Rutherford class 2-4) were randomized to Chocolate Touch or Lutonix DCB. The primary efficacy endpoint was DCB success defined as primary patency at 12 months (peak systolic velocity ratio <2.4 by duplex ultrasound without clinically driven target lesion revascularization in the absence of bailout stenting). The primary safety endpoint was freedom from major adverse events at 12 months, a composite of target limb-related death, major amputation, or reintervention. RESULTS: A total of 313 patients (38% DM [n=119]) were randomized to either Chocolate Touch (n=66/152) or Lutonix DCB (n=53/161). Among patients with DM, DCB success was 77.2% and 60.5% (p=0.08), and in non-DM patients, DCB success was 80% and 71.3% (p=0.2114) for the Chocolate Touch and Lutonix DCB, respectively. The primary safety endpoint was similar for both cohorts regardless of DM status (interaction test, p=0.96). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized trial demonstrated similar safety and efficacy for the treatment of femoropopliteal disease with the Chocolate Touch DCB compared with using the Lutonix DCB regardless of DM status at 12 months.Clinical ImpactThis substudy of the Chocolate Touch Study demonstrated similar safety and efficacy for treatment of femoropopliteal disease of the Chocolate Touch DCB compared with the Lutonix DCB regardless of diabetes (DM) status at 12 months. Endovascular therapy has become the therapy of choice for the treatment of most symptomatic femoropopliteal lesions regardless of DM status. These results give clinicians another option when treating femoropopliteal disease in this high-risk patient population. FAU - Bohme, Tanja AU - Bohme T AD - Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany. FAU - Zeller, Thomas AU - Zeller T AD - Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany. FAU - Shishehbor, Mehdi H AU - Shishehbor MH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4888-2431 AD - University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. FAU - Werner, Martin AU - Werner M AD - Department of Angiology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria. FAU - Brodmann, Marianne AU - Brodmann M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6493-3799 AD - Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. FAU - Parise, Helen AU - Parise H AD - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - Holden, Andrew AU - Holden A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8170-4960 AD - Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. FAU - Lichtenberg, Michael AU - Lichtenberg M AD - Arnsberg Vascular Center, Arnsberg, Germany. FAU - Parikh, Sahil A AU - Parikh SA AD - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. FAU - Kashyap, Vikram S AU - Kashyap VS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1780-979X AD - Frederik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA. FAU - Pietras, Cody AU - Pietras C AD - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - Tirziu, Daniela AU - Tirziu D AD - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - Beschorner, Ulrich AU - Beschorner U AD - Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany. FAU - Krishnan, Prakash AU - Krishnan P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2871-3689 AD - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. FAU - Niazi, Khusrow A AU - Niazi KA AD - Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. FAU - Wali, Andreas U AU - Wali AU AD - Penn State Health Holy Spirit Medical Center, Camp Hill, PA, USA. FAU - Lansky, Alexandra J AU - Lansky AJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8002-7497 AD - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20230614 PL - United States TA - J Endovasc Ther JT - Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists JID - 100896915 RN - 0 (Coated Materials, Biocompatible) RN - 0 (Cardiovascular Agents) RN - P88XT4IS4D (Paclitaxel) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - *Peripheral Arterial Disease/therapy/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/mortality MH - *Femoral Artery/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging MH - *Popliteal Artery/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging MH - Aged MH - *Angioplasty, Balloon/instrumentation/adverse effects/mortality MH - Middle Aged MH - *Coated Materials, Biocompatible MH - *Vascular Access Devices MH - Time Factors MH - Vascular Patency MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Risk Factors MH - *Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects MH - *Intermittent Claudication/therapy/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/mortality MH - Limb Salvage MH - Equipment Design MH - Amputation, Surgical MH - *Ischemia/therapy/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/mortality MH - *Paclitaxel/administration & dosage/adverse effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate Touch OT - diabetes mellitus OT - drug-coated balloon OT - paclitaxel OT - peripheral artery disease COIS- Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: T.Z. received honoraria from Abbott Vascular, BIBA Medical, Biotronik, Boston Scientific Corp, Cook Medical, Efemoral, Gore & Associates, Medtronic, Philips-Spectranetics, Shockwave, and Veryan; consulted for Boston Scientific Corp, CSI, Gore & Associates, Medtronic, Veryan, Philips-Intact Vascular, Shockwave, Bayer, Vesper Medical, VentureMed, and ANT; received institutional grants for research, clinical trial, or drug studies from Bard Peripheral Vascular, Veryan, Biotronik, Cook Medical, Gore & Associates, Medtronic, Philips, Terumo, TriReme, Shockwave, Med Alliance, Intact Vascular, B. Braun, CSI, Boston Scientific, University of Jena, Pluristem, Philips, PQ Bypass, Surmodics, Ablative Solutions, and Reflow Medical. M.H.S. is in the advisory board of Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Philips, Terumo, Abbott Vascular, and ANT. M.B. received consulting fee and honoraria from BD Bard, Medtronic, Philips, Boston Scientific, Biotronik, Reflow Medical, Shockwave, Soundbite, Cook Medical, Cagent, and Bayer Healthcare. H.P. receives consulting fees from TriReme Medical, Reflow Medical, and Intact Vascular. A.H. is a clinical investigator for Bard-BD, Boston Scientific, Cagent Medical, Cook Medical, Endologix, Endospan, Gore Medical, Intact Vascular, Medtronic, Philips, Reflow Medical, Shockwave Medical, and TriReme Medical. M.L. receives honoraria from Abbott Vascular, Biotronik, Boston Scientific Corp, Cook Medical, Gore & Associates, Medtronic, Philips, Shockwave, and Veryan; consulted for Boston Scientific Corp, CSI, Gore & Associates, Medtronic, Veryan, Philips-Intact Vascular, Shockwave, and Vesper Medical; received institutional grants for research, clinical trial, or drug studies from Bard Peripheral Vascular, Veryan, Biotronik, Cook Medical, Gore & Associates, Philips, Terumo, TriReme, Shockwave, MedAlliance, Intact Vascular, CSI, Boston Scientific Corp, Philips, PQ Bypass, Surmodics, and Reflow Medical. S.A.P. is on the advisory board of Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Philips, and Cordis; receives research support from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Surmodics, TriReme, Shockwave, Veryan, Acotec, and Concept Medical; and is consulting for Canon, Inari, Penumbra, and Terumo. P.K. is a consultant for Medtronic, Abbott, and Philips. K.A.N. receives institutional research funding to Emory University from TriReme for this study. A.J.L. receives institutional research grant and speaker honoraria form TriReme. T.B., M.W., V.S.K., C.P., D.T., U.B., and A.U.W. had no conflicts to disclose. EDAT- 2023/06/14 13:07 MHDA- 2025/03/16 11:15 CRDT- 2023/06/14 09:23 PHST- 2025/03/16 11:15 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/14 13:07 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/14 09:23 [entrez] AID - 10.1177/15266028231179589 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Endovasc Ther. 2025 Apr;32(2):414-422. doi: 10.1177/15266028231179589. Epub 2023 Jun 14. PMID- 37298181 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230612 LR - 20260920 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 11 DP - 2023 May 25 TI - Catechins and Proanthocyanidins Involvement in Metabolic Syndrome. LID - 10.3390/ijms24119228 [doi] LID - 9228 AB - Recent studies on natural antioxidant compounds have highlighted their potentiality against various pathological conditions. The present review aims to selectively evaluate the benefits of catechins and their polymeric structure on metabolic syndrome, a common disorder characterized by a cluster of three main risk factors: obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer chronic low inflammation state and oxidative stress both conditions effectively countered by flavanols and their polymers. The mechanism behind the activity of these molecules has been highlighted and correlated with the characteristic features present on their basic flavonoidic skelethon, as well as the efficient doses needed to perform their activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The amount of evidence provided in this review offers a starting point for flavanol dietary supplementation as a potential strategy to counteract several metabolic targets associated with metabolic syndrome and suggests a key role of albumin as flavanol-delivery system to the different target of action inside the organism. FAU - Patane, Giuseppe Tancredi AU - Patane GT AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. FAU - Putaggio, Stefano AU - Putaggio S AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. FAU - Tellone, Ester AU - Tellone E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2379-3392 AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. FAU - Barreca, Davide AU - Barreca D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1463-4069 AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. FAU - Ficarra, Silvana AU - Ficarra S AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. FAU - Maffei, Carlo AU - Maffei C AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. FAU - Calderaro, Antonella AU - Calderaro A AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. FAU - Lagana, Giuseppina AU - Lagana G AD - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20230525 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - *Catechin/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Flavonoids/chemistry MH - *Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy MH - Polyphenols MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry PMC - PMC10252413 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular diseases OT - catechins OT - flavan-3-ols OT - inflammatory state OT - natural antioxidants OT - proanthocyanidins COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/06/10 15:13 MHDA- 2023/06/12 06:43 PMCR- 2023/05/25 CRDT- 2023/06/10 01:11 PHST- 2023/04/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/05/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/05/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/06/12 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/10 15:13 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/10 01:11 [entrez] PHST- 2023/05/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms24119228 [pii] AID - ijms-24-09228 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms24119228 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 25;24(11):9228. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119228. PMID- 37242181 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230529 LR - 20260920 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 10 DP - 2023 May 13 TI - Regular Consumption of Cocoa and Red Berries as a Strategy to Improve Cardiovascular Biomarkers via Modulation of Microbiota Metabolism in Healthy Aging Adults. LID - 10.3390/nu15102299 [doi] LID - 2299 AB - The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins on cardiovascular biomarkers, such as homocysteine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), nitric oxide (NO), flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood pressure and lipid profile. Additionally, we aimed to ascertain their possible interactions with microbiota related metabolites, such as secondary bile acids (SBA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). A randomized, parallel-group study, single-blind for the research team, was performed on 60 healthy volunteers between the ages of 45 and 85, who consumed 2.5 g/day of cocoa powder (9.59 mg/day of total flavanols), 5 g/day of a red berry mixture (13.9 mg/day of total anthocyanins) or 7.5 g/day of a combination of both for 12 weeks. The group that had consumed cocoa showed a significant reduction in TMAO (p = 0.03) and uric acid (p = 0.01) levels in serum, accompanied by an increase in FMD values (p = 0.03) and total polyphenols. corrected by creatinine (p = 0.03) after the intervention. These latter values negatively correlated with the TMAO concentration (R = -0.57, p = 0.02). Additionally, we observed an increase in carbohydrate fermentation in the groups that had consumed cocoa (p = 0.04) and red berries (p = 0.04) between the beginning and the end of the intervention. This increase in carbohydrate fermentation was correlated with lower levels of TC/HDL ratio (p = 0.01), systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.01). In conclusion, our study showed a positive modulation of microbiota metabolism after a regular intake of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins that led to an improvement in cardiovascular function, especially in the group that consumed cocoa. FAU - Garcia-Cordero, Joaquin AU - Garcia-Cordero J AD - Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutricion, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion (ICTAN-CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Martinez, Alba AU - Martinez A AD - Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutricion, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion (ICTAN-CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Blanco-Valverde, Carlos AU - Blanco-Valverde C AD - Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutricion, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion (ICTAN-CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Pino, Alicia AU - Pino A AD - Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutricion, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion (ICTAN-CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Puertas-Martin, Veronica AU - Puertas-Martin V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2373-4528 AD - Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain. AD - Facultad de Educacion, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, 26006 Logrono, Spain. FAU - San Roman, Ricardo AU - San Roman R AD - Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain. FAU - de Pascual-Teresa, Sonia AU - de Pascual-Teresa S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8546-8507 AD - Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutricion, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion (ICTAN-CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - PID2019-107009RB-I00/Spanish Agency for Research (AEI MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/)/ GR - AGL2016-76832-R/Spanish Agency for Research (AEI MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/)/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230513 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - FLD0K1SJ1A (trimethyloxamine) RN - 0 (Methylamines) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Chocolate MH - Fruit MH - Anthocyanins/pharmacology MH - *Healthy Aging MH - Single-Blind Method MH - *Cacao MH - Blood Pressure MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - Biomarkers MH - *Microbiota MH - Methylamines PMC - PMC10223313 OTO - NOTNLM OT - TMAO OT - anthocyanins OT - bile acids OT - cardiovascular OT - flavanols OT - short-chain fatty acids COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/05/27 09:42 MHDA- 2023/05/29 06:41 PMCR- 2023/05/13 CRDT- 2023/05/27 01:27 PHST- 2023/03/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/05/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/05/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/05/29 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/05/27 09:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/05/27 01:27 [entrez] PHST- 2023/05/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu15102299 [pii] AID - nutrients-15-02299 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu15102299 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2023 May 13;15(10):2299. doi: 10.3390/nu15102299. PMID- 36891864 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230505 LR - 20260127 IS - 1612-1880 (Electronic) IS - 1612-1872 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 4 DP - 2023 Apr TI - Chemical Characterization and Multidirectional Biological Effects of Different Solvent Extracts of Arum elongatum: in Vitro and in Silico Approaches. PG - e202201181 LID - 10.1002/cbdv.202201181 [doi] AB - Arum elongatum (Araceae) is widely used traditionally for the treatment of abdominal pain, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism and hemorrhoids. This study investigated the antioxidant properties, individual phenolic compounds, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (HPLC/MS analysis), reducing power and metal chelating effects of four extracts obtained from A. elongatum (ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), methanol/water (MeOH/water) and infusion). The inhibitory activity of the extracts were also determined against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase enzymes. The MeOH/water extracts contained the highest amount of phenolic contents (28.85 mg GAE/g) while the highest total flavonoid content was obtained with MeOH extract (36.77 mg RE/g). MeOH/water demonstrated highest antioxidant activity against DPPH⋅ radical at 38.90 mg Trolox equivalent per gram. The infusion extract was the most active against ABTS(+) ⋅ (133.08 mg TE/g). MeOH/water extract showed the highest reducing abilities with the CUPRAC value of 102.22 mg TE/g and the FRAP value of 68.50 mg TE/g. A strong metal chelating effect was observed with MeOH/water extract (35.72 mg EDTAE/g). The PBD values of the extracts ranged from 1.01 to 2.17 mmol TE/g. EA extract displayed the highest inhibitory activity against AChE (2.32 mg GALAE/g), BChE (3.80 mg GALAE/g), alpha-amylase (0.56 mmol ACAE/g) and alpha-glucosidase (9.16 mmol ACAE/g) enzymes. Infusion extract was the most active against tyrosinase enzyme with a value of 83.33 mg KAE/g. A total of 28 compounds were identified from the different extracts. The compounds present in the highest concentration were chlorogenic acids, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, delphindin 3,5-diglucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside and hyperoside. The biological activities of A. elongatum extracts could be due to the presence of compounds such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acids, ellagic acid, epicatechin, catechin, kaempferol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, isoquercitrin, and hyperoside. Extracts of A. elongatum showed promising biological activities which warrants further investigations in an endeavor to develop biopharmaceuticals. CI - (c) 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland. FAU - Fawzi Mahomoodally, Mohamad AU - Fawzi Mahomoodally M AD - Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, 80837, Mauritius. AD - Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 600077, India. AD - Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. FAU - Zengin, Gokhan AU - Zengin G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6548-7823 AD - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey. FAU - Roumita, Seebaluck-Sandoram AU - Roumita SS AD - Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, 80837, Mauritius. FAU - Caprioli, Giovanni AU - Caprioli G AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy. FAU - Mustafa, Ahmed M AU - Mustafa AM AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy. FAU - Piatti, Diletta AU - Piatti D AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy. FAU - Yildiztugay, Evren AU - Yildiztugay E AD - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey. FAU - Ak, Gunes AU - Ak G AD - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey. FAU - Esra Karadag, Ayse AU - Esra Karadag A AD - Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkiye. FAU - Khalid, Asaad AU - Khalid A AD - Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia. AD - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, 2404, Khartoum, Sudan. FAU - Abdalla, Ashraf N AU - Abdalla AN AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Ibrahim Uba, Abdullahi AU - Ibrahim Uba A AD - Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, 34537, Istanbul, Turkiye. FAU - Demirci, Fatih AU - Demirci F AD - Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkiye. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230322 PL - Switzerland TA - Chem Biodivers JT - Chemistry & biodiversity JID - 101197449 RN - EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - EC 3.1.1.8 (Butyrylcholinesterase) RN - 0 (Caffeic Acids) RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Kaempferols) RN - Y4S76JWI15 (Methanol) RN - EC 1.14.18.1 (Monophenol Monooxygenase) RN - 0 (Parabens) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Solvents) RN - 059QF0KO0R (Water) RN - 19YRN3ZS9P (Ellagic Acid) RN - JG8Z55Y12H (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) RN - AVM951ZWST (ferulic acid) RN - 0 (Coumaric Acids) RN - IBS9D1EU3J (p-coumaric acid) RN - 0YX10VRV6J (isoquercitrin) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) RN - 474A9U89JS (delphinidin 3-O-glucopyranoside) RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Glucosides) SB - IM MH - Acetylcholinesterase MH - Antioxidants/chemistry MH - *Arum/chemistry MH - Butyrylcholinesterase MH - Caffeic Acids MH - *Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology/analysis MH - Kaempferols MH - Methanol MH - Monophenol Monooxygenase MH - Parabens MH - *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry MH - Solvents MH - Water MH - Ellagic Acid/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Coumaric Acids MH - Quercetin/analogs & derivatives MH - Anthocyanins MH - Glucosides OTO - NOTNLM OT - Arum OT - bioactive agent OT - natural enzyme inhibitors OT - phenolic composition EDAT- 2023/03/10 06:00 MHDA- 2023/04/28 06:41 CRDT- 2023/03/09 04:24 PHST- 2022/12/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/03/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/04/28 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/03/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/03/09 04:24 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/cbdv.202201181 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chem Biodivers. 2023 Apr;20(4):e202201181. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202201181. Epub 2023 Mar 22. PMID- 36830027 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20261001 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 2 DP - 2023 Feb 13 TI - Effect of Cocoa Roasting on Chocolate Polyphenols Evolution. LID - 10.3390/antiox12020469 [doi] LID - 469 AB - Cocoa and chocolate antioxidants might contribute to human health through, for instance, blood flow improvement or blood pressure and glycemia reduction, as well as cognitive function improvement. Unfortunately, polyphenol content is reduced during cocoa fermentation, drying, roasting and all the other phases involved in the chocolate production. Here, we investigated the evolution of the polyphenol content during all the different steps of chocolate production, with a special emphasis on roasting (3 different roasting cycles with 80, 100, and 130 degrees C as maximum temperature). Samples were followed throughout all processes by evaluating the total polyphenols content, the antioxidant power, the epicatechin content, and epicatechin mean degree of polymerization (phloroglucinol adducts method). Results showed a similar trend for total polyphenol content and antioxidant power with an unexpected bell-shaped curve: an increase followed by a decrease for the three different roasting temperatures. At the intermediate temperature (100 degrees C), the higher polyphenol content was found just after roasting. The epicatechin content had a trend similar to that of total polyphenol content but, interestingly, the mean degree of polymerization data had the opposite behavior with some deviation in the case of the highest temperature, probably due to epicatechin degradation. It seems likely that roasting can free epicatechin from oligomers, as a consequence of oligomers remodeling. FAU - La Mantia, Alessandro AU - La Mantia A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3364-5345 AD - International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy. AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy. FAU - Ianni, Federica AU - Ianni F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4293-3100 AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy. FAU - Schoubben, Aurelie AU - Schoubben A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2567-519X AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy. FAU - Cespi, Marco AU - Cespi M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6916-7915 AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy. FAU - Lisjak, Klemen AU - Lisjak K AD - Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Enology, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Guarnaccia, Davide AU - Guarnaccia D AD - Laerbium Pharma Srl, Via Togliatti n. 73/A, Corciano, 06073 Perugia, Italy. FAU - Sardella, Roccaldo AU - Sardella R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9856-0230 AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy. FAU - Blasi, Paolo AU - Blasi P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8543-4275 AD - Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230213 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC9952295 OTO - NOTNLM OT - FRAP assay OT - Folin-Ciocalteu assay OT - Maillard reaction products OT - catechin OT - chiral HPLC OT - cocoa liquor OT - cocoa nibs OT - epicatechin OT - mean degree of polymerization COIS- A.L.M., F.I., A.S., M.C., K.L., R.S. and P.B. declare no conflicts of interest. D.G. is a co-inventor of the Italian patent "Procedimento per la produzione di cioccolato di copertura ad alto contenuto di polifenoli" awarded 3 September 2020 (Application number: 102018000005358). Laerbium Pharma Srl., of which D.G. is the Scientific Director, own 50% of the patent rights. The patent describes the whole procedure, from cocoa fermentation to chocolate production to achieve a high polyphenol content. No specific aspects described in the manuscript are covered in the patent application. EDAT- 2023/02/26 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/26 06:01 PMCR- 2023/02/13 CRDT- 2023/02/25 01:10 PHST- 2022/12/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/02/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/02/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/02/25 01:10 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox12020469 [pii] AID - antioxidants-12-00469 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox12020469 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Feb 13;12(2):469. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020469. PMID- 36703744 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230202 IS - 1663-9812 (Print) IS - 1663-9812 (Electronic) IS - 1663-9812 (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2022 TI - Endoplasmic reticulum as a target in cardiovascular diseases: Is there a role for flavonoids? PG - 1027633 LID - 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027633 [doi] LID - 1027633 AB - Flavonoids are found in natural health products and plant-based foods. The flavonoid molecules contain a 15-carbon skeleton with the particular structural construction of subclasses. The most flavonoid's critical subclasses with improved health properties are the catechins or flavonols (e.g., epigallocatechin 3-gallate from green tea), the flavones (e.g., apigenin from celery), the flavanones (e.g., naringenin from citrus), the flavanols (e.g., quercetin glycosides from berries, onion, and apples), the isoflavones (e.g., genistein from soya beans) and the anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from berries). Scientific data conclusively demonstrates that frequent intake of efficient amounts of dietary flavonoids decreases chronic inflammation and the chance of oxidative stress expressing the pathogenesis of human diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle that plays a role in protein folding, post-transcriptional conversion, and transportation, which plays a critical part in maintaining cell homeostasis. Various stimuli can lead to the creation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and then arise in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Constant endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately causes apoptosis. Research has shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a critical part in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic aneurysm, and hypertension. Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be one of the crucial points in treating multiple cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarized findings on flavonoids' effects on the endoplasmic reticulum and their role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Keylani, Arbab Mojeni, Khalaji, Rasouli, Aminzade, Karimi, Sanaye, Khajevand, Nemayandeh, Poudineh, Azizabadi Farahani, Esfandiari, Haghshoar, Kheirandish, Amouei, Abdi, Azizinezhad, Khani and Deravi. FAU - Keylani, Kimia AU - Keylani K AD - School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Arbab Mojeni, Fariba AU - Arbab Mojeni F AD - Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. FAU - Khalaji, Amirmohammad AU - Khalaji A AD - School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Rasouli, Asma AU - Rasouli A AD - School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. FAU - Aminzade, Dlnya AU - Aminzade D AD - Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Karimi, Mohammad Amin AU - Karimi MA AD - School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Sanaye, Pantea Majma AU - Sanaye PM AD - School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. FAU - Khajevand, Nazanin AU - Khajevand N AD - Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. FAU - Nemayandeh, Nasrin AU - Nemayandeh N AD - Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Poudineh, Mohadeseh AU - Poudineh M AD - School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. FAU - Azizabadi Farahani, Mehdi AU - Azizabadi Farahani M AD - Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. FAU - Esfandiari, Mohammad Ali AU - Esfandiari MA AD - Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. FAU - Haghshoar, Sepehr AU - Haghshoar S AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus. FAU - Kheirandish, Ali AU - Kheirandish A AD - Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. FAU - Amouei, Erfan AU - Amouei E AD - Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Abdi, Amir AU - Abdi A AD - Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Azizinezhad, Arash AU - Azizinezhad A AD - Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. FAU - Khani, Afshin AU - Khani A AD - Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. FAU - Deravi, Niloofar AU - Deravi N AD - Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20230110 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Pharmacol JT - Frontiers in pharmacology JID - 101548923 PMC - PMC9871646 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular diseases OT - endoplasmic reticulum stress OT - flavonoids OT - kaempferol OT - quercetin COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/01/28 06:00 MHDA- 2023/01/28 06:01 PMCR- 2023/01/10 CRDT- 2023/01/27 02:15 PHST- 2022/09/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/12/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/01/27 02:15 [entrez] PHST- 2023/01/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/01/28 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/01/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1027633 [pii] AID - 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027633 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 10;13:1027633. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027633. eCollection 2022. PMID- 36613430 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240910 IS - 2304-8158 (Print) IS - 2304-8158 (Electronic) IS - 2304-8158 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Jan 3 TI - The Effects of Gamma-Aminobuytric Acid (GABA) Enrichment on Nutritional, Physical, Shelf-Life, and Sensorial Properties of Dark Chocolate. LID - 10.3390/foods12010213 [doi] LID - 213 AB - Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has potential in regulating hypertension. Cocoa beans are rich in GABA, but GABA is being destroyed during roasting of cocoa beans and chocolate production. This study aimed to develop GABA-enriched dark chocolate by partially replacing sugar syrup with pure GABA powder at concentrations of 0.05 (F1), 0.10 (F2), and 0.15% (F3). The chocolate samples were incorporated with GABA after the heating and melting process of cocoa butter to maintain the viability and functionality of the GABA in the final product. The effects of GABA enrichment on the quality of chocolate in terms of nutritional, physical, shelf-life, and sensorial properties were studied. The inclusion of 0.15% GABA significantly increased the GABA content and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effect of chocolate. The nutritional compositions of the control and GABA-enriched chocolates were almost similar. The addition of GABA significantly increased the hardness but did not affect the apparent viscosity and melting properties of chocolate. Accelerated shelf-life test results showed that all the chocolates stored at 20 and 30 degrees C were microbiologically safe for consumption for at least 21 days. Among the GABA-enriched chocolates, panellists preferred F2 the most followed by F3 and F1, owing to the glossiness and sweetness of F2. F3 with the highest GABA content (21.09 mg/100 g) and ACE inhibitory effect (79.54%) was identified as the best GABA-enriched dark chocolate. FAU - Koh, Wee Yin AU - Koh WY AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2734-5178 AD - Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia. FAU - Lim, Xiao Xian AU - Lim XX AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1123-1811 AD - Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. FAU - Teoh, Eva Sheue Wen AU - Teoh ESW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5897-7047 AD - Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia. FAU - Kobun, Rovina AU - Kobun R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4985-9145 AD - Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia. FAU - Rasti, Babak AU - Rasti B AD - Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, 8054 Monash University LPO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. LA - eng GR - SLB2228/Universiti of Malaysia Sabah/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230103 PL - Switzerland TA - Foods JT - Foods (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101670569 PMC - PMC9818575 OTO - NOTNLM OT - amino acid OT - chocolate OT - enrichment OT - functional food OT - gamma-aminobutyric acid COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/01/09 06:00 MHDA- 2023/01/09 06:01 PMCR- 2023/01/03 CRDT- 2023/01/08 01:18 PHST- 2022/11/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/12/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/12/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/01/08 01:18 [entrez] PHST- 2023/01/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/01/09 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/01/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - foods12010213 [pii] AID - foods-12-00213 [pii] AID - 10.3390/foods12010213 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Foods. 2023 Jan 3;12(1):213. doi: 10.3390/foods12010213. PMID- 36466408 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20221206 IS - 2296-861X (Print) IS - 2296-861X (Electronic) IS - 2296-861X (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2022 TI - Association between maternal sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the social-emotional development of child before 1 year old: A prospective cohort study. PG - 966271 LID - 10.3389/fnut.2022.966271 [doi] LID - 966271 AB - BACKGROUND: Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has become an international public health issue. Adverse effects of sugary beverage consumption on both mother and child during pregnancy continue to be found. However, evidence regarding maternal SSB consumption and social-emotional development of children is lacking. METHODS: Based on the Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study (loss rate: 10.97%), we included 985 mother-infant pairs from 2018 to 2022. All mothers had a singleton live birth without hypertension, diabetes, tumor, or serious immune system disease before pregnancy. We used a chart of frequency distribution to show maternal SSB consumption, including non-diet soda, tea drinks (not 100% tea), fruit drinks, Sugar-sweetened coffee, bubble tea, or cocoa drinks, and total SSBs. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios of the potential delay on social-emotional development of each child was monitored at both 6 months and 12 months of age based on maternal SSB consumption. RESULTS: Among the mothers, 728 (73.91%) drank SSBs <1 time per week, 194 (19.70%) drank SSBs 1-2 times per week, 43 (4.37%) drank SSBs 3-4 times per week, and 20 (2.03%) drank SSBs 5 or more times per week. Children aged 12 months with mothers who drank SSBs five or more times per week during pregnancy had an increased risk of potential delay on social-emotional development compared to those with mothers who drank SSBs less than once per week [odds ratio: 3.08 (1.13-8.39)]. Regarding the specific kinds of SSBs, we found that tea drinks (not 100% tea) were positively associated with potential delay on social-emotional development in children aged 6 months. CONCLUSION: Nearly three-quarters of mothers consumed almost no SSBs during pregnancy. High SSB intake during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of the potential delay on social-emotional development of a child at 6 and 12 months of age. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Gao, Liu, Li, Zhang, Wei, Sun, Zhang and Cai. FAU - Gao, Rui AU - Gao R AD - Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study Center, Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. AD - Shenzhen Cadre and Talent Health Institute (Shenzhen Talent Institute), Shenzhen, China. FAU - Liu, Xuemei AU - Liu X AD - Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study Center, Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. FAU - Li, Xiuxiu AU - Li X AD - Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study Center, Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. FAU - Zhang, Yuanxing AU - Zhang Y AD - Shenzhen Cadre and Talent Health Institute (Shenzhen Talent Institute), Shenzhen, China. FAU - Wei, Min AU - Wei M AD - Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study Center, Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. FAU - Sun, Peng AU - Sun P AD - Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study Center, Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. FAU - Zhang, Jianan AU - Zhang J AD - Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study Center, Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Cai, Li AU - Cai L AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. AD - Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20221118 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Nutr JT - Frontiers in nutrition JID - 101642264 PMC - PMC9716068 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ASQ-SE OT - birth cohort study OT - pregnancy OT - social-emotional functioning/development OT - sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/12/06 06:00 MHDA- 2022/12/06 06:01 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/12/05 04:02 PHST- 2022/06/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/10/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/12/05 04:02 [entrez] PHST- 2022/12/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/12/06 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fnut.2022.966271 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 18;9:966271. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.966271. eCollection 2022. PMID- 36364762 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221114 LR - 20260929 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 21 DP - 2022 Oct 26 TI - Effect of an (-)-Epicatechin Intake on Cardiometabolic Parameters-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. LID - 10.3390/nu14214500 [doi] LID - 4500 AB - Growing evidence exists that consumption of cocoa-rich food improves the parameters of cardiometabolic health. These effects are ascribed to cocoa flavanols, particularly to (-)-epicatechin (EC), a natural ingredient of cocoa. Hence, to evaluate if EC may explain the effects of cocoa, this systematic review aimed to provide an overview on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of an EC intake on cardiometabolic biomarkers. For this, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement was considered and the risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. In total, 11 studies were included examining parameters on vascular function, glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, appetite sensations, and body weight before and after EC treatment. Except for a dose-dependent acute increase in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and in the peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) index in healthy young adults, effects by EC treatment were not observed. For most trials, some concerns exist for overall RoB. Thus, EC intake may improve endothelial function in healthy young adults. For further parameters (mostly secondary outcomes), it remains unclear if EC has no effect or if this was not detectable. Unbiased RCTs on the impact of an EC intake are needed, which should also investigate the additive or synergistic effects of EC with other cocoa ingredients. FAU - Dicks, Lisa AU - Dicks L AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53115 Bonn, Germany. FAU - Haddad, Zeina AU - Haddad Z AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53115 Bonn, Germany. FAU - Deisling, Stefanie AU - Deisling S AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53115 Bonn, Germany. FAU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Ellinger S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9988-9406 AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53115 Bonn, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20221026 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Young Adult MH - Humans MH - *Catechin/pharmacology MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Cacao MH - *Chocolate MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control PMC - PMC9657629 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cardiometabolic diseases OT - epicatechin intake OT - glucose and lipid metabolism OT - inflammation OT - oxidative stress OT - prevention OT - randomized controlled trials OT - vascular function COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/11/12 06:00 MHDA- 2022/11/15 06:00 PMCR- 2022/10/26 CRDT- 2022/11/11 01:44 PHST- 2022/09/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/10/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/10/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/11/11 01:44 [entrez] PHST- 2022/11/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/11/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/10/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu14214500 [pii] AID - nutrients-14-04500 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu14214500 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2022 Oct 26;14(21):4500. doi: 10.3390/nu14214500. PMID- 36164983 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221018 LR - 20221018 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 20 DP - 2022 Oct 17 TI - Cocoa flavanol consumption improves lower extremity endothelial function in healthy individuals and people with type 2 diabetes. PG - 10439-10448 LID - 10.1039/d2fo02017c [doi] AB - Background: diabetes and age are major risk factors for the development of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Cocoa flavanol (CF) consumption is associated with lower risk for PAD and improves brachial artery (BA) endothelial function. Objectives: to assess if femoral artery (FA) endothelial function and dermal microcirculation are impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate the acute effect of CF consumption on FA endothelial function. Methods: in a randomised, controlled, double-blind, cross-over study, 22 individuals (n = 11 healthy, n = 11 T2DM) without cardiovascular disease were recruited. Participants received either 1350 mg CF or placebo capsules on 2 separate days in random order. Endothelial function was measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using ultrasound of the common FA and the BA before and 2 hours after interventions. The cutaneous microvasculature was assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography. Results: baseline FA-FMD and BA-FMD were significantly lower in T2DM (FA: 3.2 +/- 1.1% [SD], BA: 4.8 +/- 0.8%) compared to healthy (FA: 5.5 +/- 0.7%, BA: 6.0 +/- 0.8%); each p < 0.001. Whereas in healthy individuals FA-FMD did not significantly differ from BA-FMD (p = 0.144), FA-FMD was significantly lower than BA-FMD in T2DM (p = 0.003) indicating pronounced and additional endothelial dysfunction of lower limb arteries (FA-FMD/BA-FMD: 94 +/- 14% [healthy] vs. 68 +/- 22% [T2DM], p = 0.007). The baseline FA blood flow rate (0.42 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.35 l min(-1), p = 0.037) and microvascular dilation in response to occlusion in hands and feet were significantly lower in T2DM subjects than in healthy ones. CF increased both FA- and BA-FMD at 2 hours, compared to placebo, in both healthy and T2DM subgroups (FA-FMD effect: 2.9 +/- 1.4%, BA-FMD effect 3.0 +/- 3.5%, each p(intervention)< 0.001). In parallel, baseline FA blood flow and microvascular diameter significantly increased in feet (3.5 +/- 3.5 mum, p(intervention)< 0.001) but not hands. Systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity significantly decreased after CF in both subgroups (-7.2 +/- 9.6 mmHg, p(intervention) = 0.004; -1.3 +/- 1.3 m s(-1), p(intervention) = 0.002). Conclusions: individuals with T2DM exhibit decreased endothelial function that is more pronounced in the femoral than in the brachial artery. CFs increase endothelial function not only in the BA but also the FA both in healthy individuals and in those with T2DM who are at increased risk of developing lower extremity PAD and foot ulcers. FAU - Bapir, Mariam AU - Bapir M AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Bioscience & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. c.heiss@surrey.ac.uk. FAU - Untracht, Gavrielle R AU - Untracht GR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6334-0625 AD - Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. AD - Surrey Biophotonics, Advanced Technology Institute, School of Physics and School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Cooke, Debbie AU - Cooke D AD - School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - McVey, John H AU - McVey JH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7416-533X AD - Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Bioscience & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Skene, Simon S AU - Skene SS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7828-3122 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Bioscience & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. c.heiss@surrey.ac.uk. FAU - Campagnolo, Paola AU - Campagnolo P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8957-3969 AD - Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Bioscience & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Whyte, Martin B AU - Whyte MB AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2897-2026 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Bioscience & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. c.heiss@surrey.ac.uk. FAU - Dikaios, Nikolaos AU - Dikaios N AD - Mathematics Research Center, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3242-402X AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Sampson, David D AU - Sampson DD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6724-3873 AD - Surrey Biophotonics, Advanced Technology Institute, School of Physics and School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Sampson, Danuta M AU - Sampson DM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4737-6606 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Bioscience & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. c.heiss@surrey.ac.uk. AD - Surrey Biophotonics, Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing and School of Biosciences and Medicine, The University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. AD - University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Bioscience & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. c.heiss@surrey.ac.uk. AD - Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, Redhill, United Kingdom. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20221017 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Brachial Artery/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy MH - Endothelium, Vascular MH - Humans MH - Lower Extremity/blood supply MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Vasodilation EDAT- 2022/09/28 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/19 06:00 CRDT- 2022/09/27 05:03 PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/27 05:03 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d2fo02017c [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Funct. 2022 Oct 17;13(20):10439-10448. doi: 10.1039/d2fo02017c. PMID- 36134531 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221005 LR - 20221005 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 19 DP - 2022 Oct 3 TI - Natural polyphenols: a potential prevention and treatment strategy for metabolic syndrome. PG - 9734-9753 LID - 10.1039/d2fo01552h [doi] AB - Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the term for a combination of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and central obesity as factors leading to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Epidemiological investigation has shown that polyphenol intake is negatively correlated with the incidence of MS. Natural polyphenols are widely found in cocoa beans, tea, vegetables, fruits, and some Chinese herbal medicines; they are a class of plant compounds containing a variety of phenolic structural units, which are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in plants. Polyphenols are composed of flavonoids (such as flavanols, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, isoflavones, etc.) and non-flavonoids (such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans). Modern pharmacological studies have proved that polyphenols can reduce blood pressure, improve lipid metabolism, lower blood glucose, and reduce body weight, thereby preventing and improving MS. Due to the unique characteristics and potential development and application value of polyphenols, this review summarizes some natural polyphenols that could treat MS, including their chemical properties, plant sources, and pharmacological action against MS, to provide a basis for the further study of polyphenols in MS. FAU - Wang, Shaohui AU - Wang S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4203-4941 AD - State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. zhangyi@cdutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Du, Qinyun AU - Du Q AD - State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. FAU - Meng, Xianli AU - Meng X AD - State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. xlm999@cdutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Zhang, Yi AU - Zhang Y AD - State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. zhangyi@cdutcm.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20221003 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Isoflavones) RN - 0 (Lignans) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Stilbenes) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Anthocyanins MH - Blood Glucose MH - Humans MH - *Isoflavones MH - *Lignans MH - *Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy/prevention & control MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - *Stilbenes MH - Tea EDAT- 2022/09/23 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/06 06:00 CRDT- 2022/09/22 04:45 PHST- 2022/09/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/22 04:45 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d2fo01552h [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Funct. 2022 Oct 3;13(19):9734-9753. doi: 10.1039/d2fo01552h. PMID- 36009271 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220830 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 8 DP - 2022 Aug 10 TI - Effect of Polyphenolic Complements on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Systematic Review. LID - 10.3390/antiox11081549 [doi] LID - 1549 AB - Polyphenols have been shown to be effective against many chronic diseases. These compounds could have a beneficial effect at the cognitive level. The exact mechanism by which they provide positive effects at the cognitive level is not well known, but it is believed that they could counteract neuroinflammation. The objective of this study is to review nutritional interventions that include foods or supplements rich in flavanols, flavonols, or stilbenes to the usual diet on cognitive deterioration in people over 50 years of age. Clinical trials published in PubMed and Web of Science from 1 March 2010 to 1 March 2020 were explored, from which 14 studies were selected. All of them showed some improvement after the intervention. In interventions with flavanols and stilbenes, relevant improvements have been observed both in healthy patients and in patients with established cognitive impairment. Most studies agree that the greatest benefits are found with high doses and longer duration treatments. The changes were fundamentally assessed through cognitive tests, and in some of the studies, through magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The type of cognitive test used to assess the effect of the intervention was revealed to be critical. Several studies have also shown improvements in analytical parameters and blood pressure. FAU - Rodrigo-Gonzalo, Maria Jose AU - Rodrigo-Gonzalo MJ AD - Grupo de Investigacion de Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Facultad de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Manzano, Susana AU - Gonzalez-Manzano S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5739-515X AD - Grupo de Investigacion de Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Facultad de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Grupo de Fisioterapia, Recuperacion Funcional y Ejercicio Terapeutico del Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Mendez-Sanchez, Roberto AU - Mendez-Sanchez R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4486-4076 AD - Facultad de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Grupo de Fisioterapia, Recuperacion Funcional y Ejercicio Terapeutico del Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Santos-Buelga, Celestino AU - Santos-Buelga C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6592-5299 AD - Grupo de Investigacion de Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Recio-Rodriguez, Jose Ignacio AU - Recio-Rodriguez JI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3772-8746 AD - Facultad de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Unidad de Investigacion en Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Red de Investigacion en Cronicidad, Atencion Primaria y Promocion de la Salud (RICAPPS), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220810 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC9404940 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cognitive function OT - cognitive impairment and neurophysicological function OT - flavanols OT - flavonoids OT - stilbenes COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/08/27 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/27 06:01 PMCR- 2022/08/10 CRDT- 2022/08/26 01:04 PHST- 2022/07/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/08/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/08/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/08/26 01:04 [entrez] PHST- 2022/08/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/27 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/08/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox11081549 [pii] AID - antioxidants-11-01549 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox11081549 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Aug 10;11(8):1549. doi: 10.3390/antiox11081549. PMID- 35955475 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220815 LR - 20260728 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 15 DP - 2022 Jul 28 TI - Effects of the Treatment with Flavonoids on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Humans: A Systematic Review Focusing on Mechanisms of Action. LID - 10.3390/ijms23158344 [doi] LID - 8344 AB - Diets high in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, have been used to mitigate metabolic syndrome (MetS). Polyphenols are a large group of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, classified into two main classes: non-flavonoids and flavonoids. Flavonoids are distributed in foods, such as fruits, vegetables, tea, red wine, and cocoa. Studies have already demonstrated the benefits of flavonoids on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as cancer cells. The present review summarizes the results of clinical studies that evaluated the effects of flavonoids on the components of the MetS and associated complications when offered as supplements over the long term. The results show that flavonoids can significantly modulate several metabolic parameters, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Only theaflavin and catechin were unable to affect metabolic parameters. Moreover, only body weight and body mass index were unaltered. Thus, the evidence presented in this systematic review offers bases in support of a flavonoid supplementation, held for at least 3 weeks, as a strategy to improve several metabolic parameters and, consequently, reduce the risk of diseases associated with MetS. This fact becomes stronger due to the rare side effects reported with flavonoids. FAU - Gouveia, Henrique J C B AU - Gouveia HJCB AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8784-3881 AD - Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil. AD - Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil. AD - Laboratory of Neuronutrition and Food Engineering, Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Tacambaro, Tacambaro 61650, Michoacan, Mexico. FAU - Urquiza-Martinez, Mercedes V AU - Urquiza-Martinez MV AD - Laboratory of Neuronutrition and Food Engineering, Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Tacambaro, Tacambaro 61650, Michoacan, Mexico. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Michoacan, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58330, Michoacan, Mexico. FAU - Manhaes-de-Castro, Raul AU - Manhaes-de-Castro R AD - Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil. AD - Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil. FAU - Costa-de-Santana, Barbara J R AU - Costa-de-Santana BJR AD - Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil. AD - Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, PE, Brazil. FAU - Villarreal, Jose Perez AU - Villarreal JP AD - Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Uruapan, Uruapan 60015, Michoacan, Mexico. FAU - Mercado-Camargo, Rosalio AU - Mercado-Camargo R AD - Facultad de Quimico Farmacobiologia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia 58000, Michoacan, Mexico. FAU - Torner, Luz AU - Torner L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8629-6188 AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Michoacan, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58330, Michoacan, Mexico. FAU - de Souza Aquino, Jailane AU - de Souza Aquino J AD - Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil. FAU - Toscano, Ana E AU - Toscano AE AD - Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil. AD - Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, PE, Brazil. AD - Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 55608-680, PE, Brazil. FAU - Guzman-Quevedo, Omar AU - Guzman-Quevedo O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1358-1783 AD - Laboratory of Neuronutrition and Food Engineering, Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Tacambaro, Tacambaro 61650, Michoacan, Mexico. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Michoacan, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58330, Michoacan, Mexico. AD - Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, PE, Brazil. LA - eng GR - 15318.22-PD/National Technological Institute of Mexico/ GR - R-2019-1602-015/Mexican Social Security Institute/ GR - IBPG-0176-4.05/19/Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco/ GR - 001/Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/ GR - 402426/2021-5/National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20220728 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants MH - Diet MH - *Flavonoids/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - *Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy MH - Polyphenols PMC - PMC9369232 OTO - NOTNLM OT - biomarkers OT - blood pressure OT - dyslipidemias OT - inflammation OT - insulin resistance OT - lipid metabolism OT - metabolic syndrome OT - polyphenols COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/08/13 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/16 06:00 PMCR- 2022/07/28 CRDT- 2022/08/12 01:11 PHST- 2022/07/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/07/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/07/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/08/12 01:11 [entrez] PHST- 2022/08/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms23158344 [pii] AID - ijms-23-08344 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms23158344 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 28;23(15):8344. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158344. PMID- 35815836 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220809 LR - 20221222 IS - 2381-3504 (Electronic) IS - 0098-4108 (Linking) VI - 85 IP - 20 DP - 2022 Oct 18 TI - Cecropia pachystachya Trecul: identification, isolation of secondary metabolites, in silico study of toxicological evaluation and interaction with the enzymes 5-LOX and alpha-1-antitrypsin. PG - 827-849 LID - 10.1080/15287394.2022.2095546 [doi] AB - Cecropia pachystachya Trec., popularly known as embauba, belongs to the Cecropiaceae family and is used by the native population in the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, high blood pressure, fever, and as a diuretic. The pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiotonic and sedative were previously reported. The objective of this study was to (1) isolate and identify bioactive compounds extracted from the ethanolic extract of C. pachystachya roots (ERCP), as well as (2) verify the affinity of these metabolites with the enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and alpha-1-antitrypsin through in silico tests. Isolation and/or identification were performed using GC-MS, HPLC, Infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. After isolation and identification of the active compounds, these substances were subjected to the in silico investigation that proceeded by performing PreADMET simulations and molecular docking calculations. The bioactive compounds identified were 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, ethyl (9E,12E)-octadec-9,12-dienoate, ethyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate and ethyl octadecanoate by GC-MS; chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, syringaldehyde by HPLC; beta-sitosterol, sitostenone, beccaridiol, tormentic acid, lupeol, alpha- and beta-amyrin by classical chromatography, IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR techniques. The ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties were determined for each bioactive compound. Tormentic acid demonstrated a greater affinity for 5-LOX enzyme while sitostenone demonstrated a higher affinity for the alpha-1-antitrypsin enzyme. Our findings demonstrated a diverse range of secondary metabolites isolated from C. pachystachya that showed relevant interactions with the enzymes 5-LOX and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Thus, "embauba" may be employed in in vivo experimental studies as a form of alternative treatment for chronic lung diseases.Abbreviations: ADT: Autodock Tools; BBB: Blood-brain barrier; CaCo2: Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells; CC: Classic/open Column; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; CD40: Differentiation Cluster 40; CENAUREMN: Centro Nordestino de Aplicacao e Uso da Ressonancia Magnetica Nuclear; GC-MS: Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; HPLC: High-Perfomance Liquid Chromatography; CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4: Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; DRX-500: X-Ray Diffraction - 500; ERCP: Ethanolic extract of the roots of C. pachystachya; FAPEPI: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Piaui; HIA: Human Intestinal Absorption; IR: Infrared; Ki: Inhibition constant; 5-LOX: 5-Lipoxygenase; mM: miliMolar; nM: nanoMolar; OECD423: acute toxic class method; PDB: Protein Data Bank; P-gP: P-glycoprotein; PM2,5: Small inhalable particles 2,5; PPB: Plasm Protein Binding; PreADMET: Prediction Absorption, Distribution, Metabolization, Excretion and Toxicity; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; +S9: with metabolic activation; -S9: no metabolic activation; SisGen: Sistema Nacional de Gestao de Patrimonio Genetico e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado; R(T): Retention time; TA100: Ames test with TA100 cells line; TA1535: Ames test with cells of the TA1535 cell line; UESPI: State University of Piaui; V79: lung fibroblast cells; DeltaG: Gibbs free energy (Kcal/mol); muM: microMolar. FAU - Sousa Mourao, Penina AU - Sousa Mourao P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7504-7258 AD - Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - de Oliveira Gomes, Rafael AU - de Oliveira Gomes R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4774-9839 AD - Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Crisostomo Bezerra Costa, Clara Andrezza AU - Crisostomo Bezerra Costa CA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6474-221X AD - Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil. FAU - da Silva Moura, Orlando Francisco AU - da Silva Moura OF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1055-8564 AD - Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil. FAU - Sousa, Herbert Gonzaga AU - Sousa HG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8633-9918 AD - Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Lemos Martins Junior, George Roberto AU - Lemos Martins Junior GR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6784-1977 AD - Health Sciences Department, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Cabral Leao Ferreira, Danniel AU - Cabral Leao Ferreira D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0717-2900 AD - Health Sciences Department, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Martins Maia Filho, Antonio Luiz AU - Martins Maia Filho AL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6184-8003 AD - Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. AD - Health Sciences Department, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Duarte de Freitas, Johnnatan AU - Duarte de Freitas J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6977-3322 AD - Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil. FAU - Rai, Mahendra AU - Rai M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0291-0422 AD - Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland. FAU - Das Chagas Alves Lima, Francisco AU - Das Chagas Alves Lima F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0447-4911 AD - Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. AD - Biotechnology Department, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Gourlart Santana, Antonio Euzebio AU - Gourlart Santana AE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3750-438X AD - Center of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, Brazil. FAU - Chaves, Mariana Helena AU - Chaves MH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1541-6757 AD - Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Dos Santos Alves, Wellington AU - Dos Santos Alves W AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1114-773X AD - Health Sciences Department, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Uchoa, Valdileia Teixeira AU - Uchoa VT AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8080-6335 AD - Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piaui State University, Teresina, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220711 PL - England TA - J Toxicol Environ Health A JT - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A JID - 100960995 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (SERPINA1 protein, human) RN - 0 (alpha 1-Antitrypsin) RN - EC 1.13.11.34 (Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase) SB - IM MH - *Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase MH - Caco-2 Cells MH - *Cecropia Plant/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Molecular Docking Simulation MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/toxicity MH - alpha 1-Antitrypsin/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - 5-lipoxygenase OT - Cecropia pachystachya OT - chronic pulmonary disease OT - molecular docking OT - alpha-1-antitrypsin EDAT- 2022/07/12 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/10 06:00 CRDT- 2022/07/11 07:23 PHST- 2022/07/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/11 07:23 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/15287394.2022.2095546 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2022 Oct 18;85(20):827-849. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2095546. Epub 2022 Jul 11. PMID- 35807872 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220712 LR - 20260927 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 13 DP - 2022 Jun 28 TI - Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension. LID - 10.3390/nu14132692 [doi] LID - 2692 AB - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of vascular complications. Interestingly, cocoa flavanols (CF) can exert beneficial vascular effects in non-diabetic subjects. However, these effects have only been scarcely studied in T2DM. Therefore, we performed a study to assess the effects on vascular reactivity of a single dose of CF (790 mg) in T2DM and whether certain antihypertensive drugs may modulate these effects. METHODS: 24 non-diabetic and 11 T2DM subjects were studied in a cross-over design. Fasting blood samples, blood pressure (BP), and arterial vasoreactivity (flow-mediated dilation) were assessed before and 70 min after capsule ingestion. Muscle microvascular reactivity was only assessed after capsule ingestion. Age, waist-to-hip ratio, BP at baseline, and the use of antihypertensive drugs were regarded as covariates in a mixed models analysis. RESULTS: CF ingestion did not affect any parameter. However, independent of the type of capsules ingested, a decrease in diastolic BP by 3 mmHg (95% CI: -4.0; -2.0) and an increase in the change in brachial artery diameter (pre vs. post occlusion) by 0.06 mm (95% CI: 0.01; 0.12) were detected in the non-diabetic group, while they remained unchanged in the T2DM group. CONCLUSION: No beneficial effects of CF were detected on vascular reactivity parameters in T2DM and non-diabetic participants. FAU - Tanghe, Anouk AU - Tanghe A AD - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. AD - Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unite de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Sante Societe, F-59000 Lille, France. FAU - Heyman, Elsa AU - Heyman E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9340-7592 AD - Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unite de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Sante Societe, F-59000 Lille, France. AD - Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). FAU - Lespagnol, Elodie AU - Lespagnol E AD - Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unite de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Sante Societe, F-59000 Lille, France. FAU - Stautemas, Jan AU - Stautemas J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7473-9340 AD - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. FAU - Celie, Bert AU - Celie B AD - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. FAU - Op 't Roodt, Jos AU - Op 't Roodt J AD - School of Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands. FAU - Rietzschel, Ernst AU - Rietzschel E AD - Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. FAU - Dias Soares, Danusa AU - Dias Soares D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5705-8890 AD - Department of Physical Education, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil. FAU - Hermans, Nina AU - Hermans N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3946-7313 AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. FAU - Tuenter, Emmy AU - Tuenter E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3765-0341 AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. FAU - Shadid, Samyah AU - Shadid S AD - Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. FAU - Calders, Patrick AU - Calders P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6327-8155 AD - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. LA - eng GR - BOF17/DOC/050/Special Research Fund/ GR - APQ-03546-15/FAPEMIG-NORD-PAS-DE CALAIS CDS/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20220628 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Essential Hypertension MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology PMC - PMC9268419 OTO - NOTNLM OT - antihypertensive drugs OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa flavanols OT - type 2 diabetes OT - vascular reactivity COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/07/10 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/14 06:00 PMCR- 2022/06/28 CRDT- 2022/07/09 01:21 PHST- 2022/06/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/06/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/06/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/09 01:21 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/06/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu14132692 [pii] AID - nutrients-14-02692 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu14132692 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2022 Jun 28;14(13):2692. doi: 10.3390/nu14132692. PMID- 35804776 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240831 IS - 2304-8158 (Print) IS - 2304-8158 (Electronic) IS - 2304-8158 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 13 DP - 2022 Jul 1 TI - Effect of Cocoa Beverage and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Blood Pressure in Those with Normal and Elevated Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. LID - 10.3390/foods11131962 [doi] LID - 1962 AB - Cocoa is a major dietary source of polyphenols, including flavanols, which have been associated with reduced blood pressure (BP). While earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown significant effects of cocoa consumption on systolic BP, limitations include small sample sizes and study heterogeneity. Questions regarding food matrix and dose of polyphenols, flavanols, or epicatechins remain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of >/=2 weeks of cocoa consumption as a beverage or dark chocolate in those with normal or elevated (< or >/=130 mmHg) systolic BP measured in the fasted state or over 24-h. A systematic search conducted on PubMed and Cochrane Library databases up to 26 February 2022 yielded 31 suitable articles. Independent of baseline BP, cocoa consumption for >/=2 weeks was associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic BP (p < 0.05, all). Compared with cocoa, chocolate lowered the weighted mean of resting systolic BP (-3.94 mmHg, 95% CI [-5.71, -2.18]) more than cocoa beverage (-1.54 mmHg, 95% CI [-3.08, 0.01]). When the daily dose of flavanols was >/=900 mg or of epicatechin >/=100 mg, the effect was greater. Future, adequately powered studies are required to determine the optimal dose for a clinically significant effect. FAU - Amoah, Isaac AU - Amoah I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5342-5825 AD - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana. FAU - Lim, Jia Jiet AU - Lim JJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0861-9276 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand. FAU - Osei, Emmanuel Ofori AU - Osei EO AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7080-2445 AD - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana. FAU - Arthur, Michael AU - Arthur M AD - Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana. FAU - Tawiah, Phyllis AU - Tawiah P AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana. FAU - Oduro, Ibok Nsa AU - Oduro IN AD - Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana. FAU - Aduama-Larbi, Margaret Saka AU - Aduama-Larbi MS AD - Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Akim-Tafo P.O. Box 8, Ghana. FAU - Lowor, Samuel Tetteh AU - Lowor ST AD - Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Akim-Tafo P.O. Box 8, Ghana. FAU - Rush, Elaine AU - Rush E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7713-6203 AD - Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. AD - Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North 0632, New Zealand. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220701 PL - Switzerland TA - Foods JT - Foods (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101670569 PMC - PMC9265772 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa powder OT - diastolic blood pressure OT - epicatechin OT - flavanol OT - polyphenol OT - systolic blood pressure COIS- Isaac Amoah, Jia Jiet Lim, Emmanuel Ofori Osei, Michael Arthur, Phyllis Tawiah, Ibok Nsa Oduro, and Elaine Rush declare no conflict of interest. Margaret Aduama-Larbi and Samuel Lowor are permanently employed researchers of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana and thus are salary earners. They were involved with the conceptualization of this review but were not involved with the data collection and analysis. EDAT- 2022/07/10 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/10 06:01 PMCR- 2022/07/01 CRDT- 2022/07/09 01:03 PHST- 2022/05/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/06/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/06/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/09 01:03 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/10 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - foods11131962 [pii] AID - foods-11-01962 [pii] AID - 10.3390/foods11131962 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Foods. 2022 Jul 1;11(13):1962. doi: 10.3390/foods11131962. PMID- 35769385 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220716 IS - 2296-861X (Print) IS - 2296-861X (Electronic) IS - 2296-861X (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2022 TI - Assessing Variability in Vascular Response to Cocoa With Personal Devices: A Series of Double-Blind Randomized Crossover n-of-1 Trials. PG - 886597 LID - 10.3389/fnut.2022.886597 [doi] LID - 886597 AB - Controlled clinical intervention studies have demonstrated that cocoa flavanols (CF) can decrease blood pressure and arterial stiffness in healthy humans, although a large variability in the effect size across trials has been reported. In this study, we evaluated the intra- and inter-individual variability of responses to CF in everyday life using a series of n-of-1 trials in healthy free-living individuals with normal blood pressure carrying personal devices. In total, eleven healthy young humans participated in a repeated crossover randomized controlled double-blind n-of-1 trial. On 8 consecutive days, each volunteer consumed on alternating days 6 CF capsules (862 mg CF) on 4 days and 6 matched placebo capsules (P, 0 mg CF/day) on another 4 days in one of the two randomized sequences (CF-P-CF-P-CF-P-CF-P or P-CF-P-CF-P-CF-P-CF). On each day, the capsules were taken at the same time in the morning with breakfast after baseline measurements. Each subject was provided with an upper arm blood pressure monitor and a finger clip that measures pulse wave velocity (PWV). Measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, and PWV were taken at least hourly over 12 h during the day by the participants. On the first 2 days, measurements were performed under supervision to provide training. The overall mixed model analysis showed that CF significantly decreased 12-h systolic blood pressure and PWV by -1.4 +/- 0.3 mmHg and -0.11 +/- 0.03 m/s, respectively. Peak effects were observed within the first 3 h (1.5 h SBP: -4.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg, PWV: -0.32 +/- 0.17 m/s) and again after 8 h post-ingestion. Large inter-individual variation in responses was found [intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICC): 0.41, 0.41]. When analyzing single individuals' datasets, there was also considerable between-day variation in individual responses that varied greatly between subjects (ICC: 0-0.30, 0-0.22, 0-0.45). Effect sizes inversely correlated with baseline blood pressure values both between- and within-subjects. The data confirm that cocoa can decrease blood pressure and arterial stiffness in everyday life when elevated within the normal range. The large inter- and intra-individual variation in responses calls for more personalized nutritional intervention strategies. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Bapir, Campagnolo, Rodriguez-Mateos, Skene and Heiss. FAU - Bapir, Mariam AU - Bapir M AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Campagnolo, Paola AU - Campagnolo P AD - Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Skene, Simon S AU - Skene SS AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. AD - Vascular Department, Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, Redhill, United Kingdom. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220613 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Nutr JT - Frontiers in nutrition JID - 101642264 PMC - PMC9234529 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa flavanols OT - flow-mediated dilation OT - n-of-1 OT - pulse wave velocity OT - variability COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/07/01 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/01 06:01 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/06/30 02:33 PHST- 2022/02/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/05/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/06/30 02:33 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/01 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fnut.2022.886597 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 13;9:886597. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886597. eCollection 2022. PMID- 35710238 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220620 LR - 20241108 IS - 2044-6055 (Electronic) IS - 2044-6055 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 6 DP - 2022 Jun 16 TI - Predictive role of modifiable factors in stroke: an umbrella review. PG - e056680 LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056680 [doi] LID - e056680 AB - BACKGROUND: A growing number of meta-analyses reviewed the existing associations between modifiable factors and stroke. However, the methodological quality of them and quality of evidence remain to be assessed by validated tools. Thus, this umbrella review was conducted to consolidate evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies investigating the association between modifiable factors and incidence of stroke. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies from inception until March 2021. Assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews 2 was used to evaluate the methodological quality of each included published meta-analysis. Excess significance test was used to investigate whether the observed number of studies (O) with nominally significant results ('positive' studies, p<0.05) was larger than the expected number of significant results (E). Statistically significant (p<0.05) associations were rated into five levels (strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak and no) using specific criteria. Sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: 2478 records were identified through database searching. At last, 49 meta-analyses including 70 modifiable factors and approximately 856 801 stroke cases were included in the present review. The methodological quality of three meta-analyses was low, while others were critically low. Evidence of walking pace was strong. High suggestive evidence mainly included total meat, processes meat, chocolate, sodium, obesity, pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, sleep duration and smoking. Suggestive evidence mainly included dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, vitamin C, magnesium, depression and particulate matter 2.5. After sensitivity analyses, evidence of DASH diet, magnesium and depression turned to weak. No publication bias existed, except only one study which could be explained by reporting bias. DISCUSSION: Diet with rich macronutrients and micronutrients, healthy dietary patterns and favourable physical, emotional health and environmental management should be promoted to decrease the burden of stroke. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021249921. CI - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. FAU - Wang, Xiaotong AU - Wang X AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Liang, Man AU - Liang M AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Zeng, Fanxin AU - Zeng F AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Wang, Yue AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Yang, Yuetian AU - Yang Y AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Nie, Fangfang AU - Nie F AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Shang, Mengke AU - Shang M AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Ta, Na AU - Ta N AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Wen, Lu AU - Wen L AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Ou, Lanxin AU - Ou L AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Yang, Zhibin AU - Yang Z AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. FAU - Liu, Wanyang AU - Liu W AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9959-8377 AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China wyliu@cmu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20220616 PL - England TA - BMJ Open JT - BMJ open JID - 101552874 RN - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cohort Studies MH - Humans MH - *Magnesium MH - Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - *Stroke/epidemiology MH - Systematic Reviews as Topic PMC - PMC9207927 OTO - NOTNLM OT - nutrition & dietetics OT - preventive medicine OT - risk management OT - stroke COIS- Competing interests: None declared. EDAT- 2022/06/17 06:00 MHDA- 2022/06/22 06:00 PMCR- 2022/06/16 CRDT- 2022/06/16 21:07 PHST- 2022/06/16 21:07 [entrez] PHST- 2022/06/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/06/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/06/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bmjopen-2021-056680 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056680 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 16;12(6):e056680. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056680. PMID- 35696953 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220624 LR - 20220624 IS - 1873-7072 (Electronic) IS - 0308-8146 (Linking) VI - 393 DP - 2022 Nov 1 TI - FT-IR and FT-Raman fingerprints of flavonoids - A review. PG - 133430 LID - S0308-8146(22)01392-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133430 [doi] AB - Flavonoids are secondary metabolites commonly found in plants. They are known for their antioxidant properties, are part of the defense mechanisms of plants and are responsible for the pigmentation of fruit and flowers petals. Consumption foods rich in flavonoids in the daily diet brings a number of pro-health benefits - for example blood pressure regulation, delaying the aging process or anti-cancer effect. These compounds in synthetic or natural form are also used in pharmacy. The profile of flavonoid compounds can be quickly, accurately and easy determine in the test sample by using the infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Those methods are successfully used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Spectroscopy methods allow us to determine the chemical structure of these compounds. This review describes and compares differences between the spectroscopic spectra of individual compounds with the chemical structure for the flavonoids subgroups: flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavonols and anthocyanins. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Krysa, Martyna AU - Krysa M AD - Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: m.krysa@ipan.lublin.pl. FAU - Szymanska-Chargot, Monika AU - Szymanska-Chargot M AD - Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: m.szymanska@ipan.lublin.pl. FAU - Zdunek, Artur AU - Zdunek A AD - Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: a.zdunek@ipan.lublin.pl. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220608 PL - England TA - Food Chem JT - Food chemistry JID - 7702639 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Anthocyanins MH - Antioxidants/chemistry MH - *Flavonoids/chemistry MH - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared MH - *Spectrum Analysis, Raman OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-Epicatechin, (PubChem CID:72276) OT - Antioxidant OT - Chemical structure OT - Epigallocatechin gallate (PubChem CID:65064) OT - FT-IR spectroscopy OT - FT-Raman spectroscopy OT - Flavonoids OT - Hesperetin (PubChem CID:72281) OT - Hesperidin (PubChem CID:10621) OT - Naringenin (PubChem CID:932) OT - Naringin (PubChem CID:442428) OT - Quercetin (PubChem CID:5280343) OT - Rutin (PubChem CID:5280805) OT - Spectroscopy EDAT- 2022/06/14 06:00 MHDA- 2022/06/25 06:00 CRDT- 2022/06/13 18:25 PHST- 2022/02/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/05/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/06/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/06/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/06/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/06/13 18:25 [entrez] AID - S0308-8146(22)01392-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133430 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Chem. 2022 Nov 1;393:133430. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133430. Epub 2022 Jun 8. PMID- 35694805 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221012 LR - 20221104 IS - 1745-4514 (Electronic) IS - 0145-8884 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 10 DP - 2022 Oct TI - Health benefits of polyphenols: A concise review. PG - e14264 LID - 10.1111/jfbc.14264 [doi] AB - Plants produce polyphenols, which are considered highly essential functional foods in our diet. They are classified into several groups according to their diverse chemical structures. Flavanoids, lignans, stilbenes, and phenolic acids are the four main families of polyphenols. Several in vivo and in vitro research have been conducted so far to evaluate their health consequences. Polyphenols serve a vital function in the protection of the organism from external stimuli and in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are instigators of several illnesses. Polyphenols are present in tea, chocolate, fruits, and vegetables with the potential to positively influence human health. For instance, cocoa flavan-3-ols have been associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Polyphenols in the diet also help to improve lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Quercetin, a flavonoid, and resveratrol, a stilbene, have been linked to improved cardiovascular health. Dietary polyphenols potential to elicit therapeutic effects might be attributed, at least in part, to a bidirectional association with the gut microbiome. This is because polyphenols are known to affect the gut microbiome composition in ways that lead to better human health. Specifically, the gut microbiome converts polyphenols into bioactive compounds that have therapeutic effects. In this review, the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and anti-diabetic actions of polyphenols are described based on findings from in vivo and in vitro experimental trials. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden has been increasing worldwide due to the sedentary lifestyle and several other factors such as smoking, junk food, etc. Scientific literature evidence supports the use of plant-based food polyphenols as therapeutic agents that could help to alleviate NCD's burden. Thus, consuming polyphenolic compounds from natural sources could be an effective solution to mitigate NCDs concerns. It is also discussed how natural antioxidants from medicinal plants might help prevent or repair damage caused by free radicals, such as oxidative stress. CI - (c) 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - Rana, Ananya AU - Rana A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6885-3171 AD - Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India. FAU - Samtiya, Mrinal AU - Samtiya M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7413-1685 AD - Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India. FAU - Dhewa, Tejpal AU - Dhewa T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9129-4520 AD - Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India. FAU - Mishra, Vijendra AU - Mishra V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8029-0946 AD - Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India. FAU - Aluko, Rotimi E AU - Aluko RE AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9025-2513 AD - Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. LA - eng GR - The author (Ananya) is thankful to the DST-INSPIRE Fellowship program (Application reference number- DST/INSPIRE/03/2021/001914) India for the award of Junior Research Fellowship (financial support). The author (Mrinal Samtiya) is thankful to the Haryana state council for science innovation and technology (HSCSIT/R&D/2021/461) India, for the award of Junior Research Fellowship (financial support)./ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20220613 PL - United States TA - J Food Biochem JT - Journal of food biochemistry JID - 7706045 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Lignans) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 0 (Stilbenes) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) RN - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol) SB - IM MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents MH - Antihypertensive Agents MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - Functional Food MH - Humans MH - *Lignans MH - Lipids MH - Polyphenols/chemistry MH - Quercetin MH - Reactive Oxygen Species MH - Resveratrol MH - *Stilbenes MH - Tea OTO - NOTNLM OT - antioxidant OT - functional foods OT - gut microbiome OT - polyphenols EDAT- 2022/06/14 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/13 06:00 CRDT- 2022/06/13 03:44 PHST- 2022/05/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/02/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/05/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/06/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/06/13 03:44 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jfbc.14264 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Food Biochem. 2022 Oct;46(10):e14264. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14264. Epub 2022 Jun 13. PMID- 35637083 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220719 LR - 20220803 IS - 1590-3729 (Electronic) IS - 0939-4753 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 8 DP - 2022 Aug TI - Changes in (poly)phenols intake and metabolic syndrome risk over ten years from adolescence to adulthood. PG - 1830-1840 LID - S0939-4753(22)00186-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.015 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: (Poly)phenols might contribute to prevent cardiovascular disease, but limited prospective studies exist among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate within-subject longitudinal changes in (poly)phenols intakes and food group contributors while also exploring the association with metabolic syndrome risk (MetS) during 10 years of follow up in European adolescents becoming young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 164 participants (58% girls, 13-18 y at baseline) from Ghent, Zaragoza and Lille, longitudinal data (2006-2016) on (poly)phenol intake was retrieved via 2 or 3 24 h recalls. Linear and logistic longitudinal regression tested the association of (poly)phenols intake (total and classes) with Mets risk or its components (waist-height-ratio, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and insulin resistance index), adjusted for age, sex, country and other nutrient intakes. The total (poly)phenols intake was 421 +/- 107 mg/day (192 mg/1000 kcal/day) at baseline, while 610 +/- 101 mg/day (311 mg/1000 kcal/day) at follow-up. The three major food sources for (poly)phenols were 'chocolate', 'fruit and vegetable juices', 'cakes and biscuits' during adolescence and 'coffee', 'tea' and 'chocolate' during adulthood. Phenolic acid intake was associated with less LDL increase over time, while stilbene intake with a steeper increase in triglycerides over time. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in major (poly)phenols contributors over time were partially explained by age-specific dietary changes like increased coffee and tea during adulthood. Some significant (poly)phenols-MetS associations might argue for nutrition-based disease prevention during adolescence, especially since adolescents had low (poly)phenols intake. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Wisnuwardani, Ratih W AU - Wisnuwardani RW AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C.Heymanslaan 10 - 4K3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Departments of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Electronic address: ratih@fkm.unmul.ac.id. FAU - De Henauw, Stefaan AU - De Henauw S AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C.Heymanslaan 10 - 4K3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Stefaan.DeHenauw@UGent.be. FAU - Beghin, Laurent AU - Beghin L AD - Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC 1403 - Centre D'investigation Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France. Electronic address: Laurent.BEGHIN@CHRU-LILLE.FR. FAU - Mesana, Maria Isabel AU - Mesana MI AD - GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: maribelmesana@gmail.com. FAU - Gottrand, Frederic AU - Gottrand F AD - Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC 1403 - Centre D'investigation Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France. Electronic address: Frederic.GOTTRAND@chru-lille.fr. FAU - Moreno, Luis A AU - Moreno LA AD - GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2) and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (IIS Aragon), Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: lmoreno@unizar.es. FAU - Michels, Nathalie AU - Michels N AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C.Heymanslaan 10 - 4K3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Nathalie.Michels@ugent.be. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220422 PL - Netherlands TA - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis JT - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD JID - 9111474 RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Phenols/adverse effects MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Triglycerides MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - (Poly)phenols OT - Adolescents OT - Lignans OT - Longitudinal OT - Low-density lipoprotein OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Triglycerides COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. EDAT- 2022/06/01 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/20 06:00 CRDT- 2022/05/31 13:41 PHST- 2021/08/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/04/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/04/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/06/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/05/31 13:41 [entrez] AID - S0939-4753(22)00186-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.015 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022 Aug;32(8):1830-1840. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.015. Epub 2022 Apr 22. PMID- 35460393 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220614 LR - 20250530 IS - 1573-7284 (Electronic) IS - 0393-2990 (Print) IS - 0393-2990 (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 4 DP - 2022 Apr TI - Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis. PG - 321-333 LID - 10.1007/s10654-022-00858-5 [doi] AB - Chocolate is a rich dietary source of various bioactive flavonoid compounds. Despite being one of the most popular foods worldwide, the association between chocolate consumption and long-term mortality remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the associations between chocolate consumption and long-term overall and cause-specific mortality, to evaluate dose-response and potential mediators, and to conduct an updated meta-analysis based on prospective cohort studies. We performed a prospective analysis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene cancer prevention (ATBC) Study with a total of 27,111 men who were recruited between 1985 and 1988 and followed through 2015. Exposure data of daily chocolate consumption was obtained from validated baseline food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 30-year absolute risk differences (ARDs) including 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall and cause-specific mortality were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. An updated meta-analysis of cohort studies was also conducted. During 482,807 person-years of follow-up, a total of 22,064 men died. The multivariable analyses showed a statistically significant inverse association between chocolate consumption and risk of overall mortality, with HRs of 0.91, 0.89, 0.89, and 0.88 for the increasing categories 2-5 as compared with those in the lowest category (P(trend) < 0.0001, and P for nonlinearity < 0.0001). We observed significantly lower mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart disease and cancer, representing 13%, 16% and 12% risk reductions for the highest compared to lowest chocolate category, respectively (all P(trend) /=70% stenosis) were randomized 1:1 to Chocolate Touch or Lutonix DCB at 34 sites in the United States, Europe, and New Zealand. The primary efficacy end point was DCB success, defined as primary patency at 12 months (peak systolic velocity ratio <2.4 by duplex ultrasound without clinically driven target lesion revascularization in the absence of clinically driven bailout stenting). The primary safety end point was freedom from major adverse events at 12 months, a composite of target limb-related death, major amputation, or reintervention. Both primary end points were tested for noninferiority, and if met, sequential superiority testing for efficacy followed by safety was prespecified. An independent clinical events committee, and angiographic and duplex ultrasound core laboratories blinded to treatment allocation reviewed all end points. RESULTS: A total of 313 patients were randomized to Chocolate Touch (n=152) versus Lutonix DCB (n=161). Follow-up at 1 year was available in 94% of patients. The mean age was 69.4+/-9.5 years, the average lesion length was 78.1+/-46.9 mm, and 46.2% had moderate-to-severe calcification. The primary efficacy rates of DCB success at 12 months was 78.8% (108/137) with Chocolate Touch and 67.7% (88/130) with Lutonix DCB (difference, 11.1% [95% CI, 0.6-21.7]), meeting noninferiority (P(noninferiority)<0.0001) and sequential superiority (P(superiority)=0.04). The primary safety event rate was 88.9% (128/144) with Chocolate Touch and 84.6% (126/149) with Lutonix DCB (P(noninferiority)<0.001; P(superiority)=0.27). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective, multicenter, randomized trial, the second-generation Chocolate Touch DCB met both noninferiority end points for efficacy and safety and was more effective than Lutonix DCB at 12 months for the treatment of femoropopliteal disease. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Unique identifier: NCT02924857. FAU - Shishehbor, Mehdi H AU - Shishehbor MH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4888-2431 AD - University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH (M.H.S., V.S.K.). FAU - Zeller, Thomas AU - Zeller T AD - University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany (T.Z., U.B.). FAU - Werner, Martin AU - Werner M AD - Department of Angiology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria (M.W.). FAU - Brodmann, Marianne AU - Brodmann M AD - Medical University of Graz, Austria (M.B.). FAU - Parise, Helen AU - Parise H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7761-4973 AD - Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.P., C.P., D.T., A.J.L.). FAU - Holden, Andrew AU - Holden A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8170-4960 AD - Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand (A.H.). FAU - Lichtenberg, Michael AU - Lichtenberg M AD - Arnsberg Vascular Center, Germany (M.L.). FAU - Parikh, Sahil A AU - Parikh SA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0551-5885 AD - Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (S.A.P.). FAU - Kashyap, Vikram S AU - Kashyap VS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1780-979X AD - University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH (M.H.S., V.S.K.). FAU - Pietras, Cody AU - Pietras C AD - Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.P., C.P., D.T., A.J.L.). FAU - Tirziu, Daniela AU - Tirziu D AD - Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.P., C.P., D.T., A.J.L.). FAU - Ardakani, Shiva AU - Ardakani S AD - TriReme Medical, Pleasanton, CA (S.A.). FAU - Beschorner, Ulrich AU - Beschorner U AD - University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany (T.Z., U.B.). FAU - Krishnan, Prakash AU - Krishnan P AD - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (P.K.). FAU - Niazi, Khusrow A AU - Niazi KA AD - Emory University, Atlanta, GA (K.A.N.). FAU - Wali, Andreas U AU - Wali AU AD - Penn State Holy Spirit Hospital, Camp Hill, PA (A.U.W.). FAU - Lansky, Alexandra J AU - Lansky AJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8002-7497 AD - Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.P., C.P., D.T., A.J.L.). LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02924857 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220404 PL - United States TA - Circulation JT - Circulation JID - 0147763 RN - 0 (Coated Materials, Biocompatible) RN - P88XT4IS4D (Paclitaxel) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - *Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects MH - Coated Materials, Biocompatible MH - Constriction, Pathologic/etiology/pathology MH - Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging/pathology MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Paclitaxel/pharmacology MH - *Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy MH - Popliteal Artery/diagnostic imaging/surgery MH - Prospective Studies MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vascular Patency OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate Touch OT - drug-coated balloon OT - paclitaxel OT - peripheral artery disease OT - superficial femoral artery EDAT- 2022/04/05 06:00 MHDA- 2022/06/03 06:00 CRDT- 2022/04/04 12:14 PHST- 2022/04/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/06/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/04 12:14 [entrez] AID - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059646 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Circulation. 2022 May 31;145(22):1645-1654. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059646. Epub 2022 Apr 4. PMID- 35276904 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220315 LR - 20220315 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 3 DP - 2022 Jan 27 TI - The Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Vascular Health and Hypertension: Current Evidence and Mechanisms of Action. LID - 10.3390/nu14030545 [doi] LID - 545 AB - The aim of this review was to explore existing evidence from studies conducted on humans and summarize the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols on vascular health, blood pressure and hypertension. There is evidence that some polyphenol-rich foods, including berry fruits rich in anthocyanins, cocoa and green tea rich in flavan-3-ols, almonds and pistachios rich in hydroxycinnamic acids, and soy products rich in isoflavones, are able to improve blood pressure levels. A variety of mechanisms can elucidate the observed effects. Some limitations of the evidence, including variability of polyphenol content in plant-derived foods and human absorption, difficulty disentangling the effects of polyphenols from other dietary compounds, and discrepancy of doses between animal and human studies should be taken into account. While no single food counteracts hypertension, adopting a plant-based dietary pattern including a variety of polyphenol-rich foods is an advisable practice to improve blood pressure. FAU - Grosso, Giuseppe AU - Grosso G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3930-5285 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Godos, Justyna AU - Godos J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5809-5706 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Currenti, Walter AU - Currenti W AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0925-4133 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Micek, Agnieszka AU - Micek A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8557-1774 AD - Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland. FAU - Falzone, Luca AU - Falzone L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7349-6826 AD - Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy. FAU - Libra, Massimo AU - Libra M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7232-7737 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. AD - Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. FAU - Giampieri, Francesca AU - Giampieri F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8151-9132 AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, 39011 Santander, Spain. FAU - Forbes-Hernandez, Tamara Y AU - Forbes-Hernandez TY AD - Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''Jose Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 1800 Granada, Spain. FAU - Quiles, Jose L AU - Quiles JL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9048-9086 AD - Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, 39011 Santander, Spain. AD - Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''Jose Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 1800 Granada, Spain. FAU - Battino, Maurizio AU - Battino M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7250-1782 AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. AD - International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. FAU - La Vignera, Sandro AU - La Vignera S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7113-2372 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy. FAU - Galvano, Fabio AU - Galvano F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0644-0755 AD - Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220127 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anthocyanins/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure MH - Fruit MH - *Hypertension/prevention & control MH - *Polyphenols/pharmacology PMC - PMC8840535 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - endothelial OT - flavonoids OT - hypertension OT - phenolic acids OT - polyphenols COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design or reporting of the study. EDAT- 2022/03/13 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/16 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/27 CRDT- 2022/03/12 01:01 PHST- 2021/12/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/01/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/01/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/03/12 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2022/03/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu14030545 [pii] AID - nutrients-14-00545 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu14030545 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2022 Jan 27;14(3):545. doi: 10.3390/nu14030545. PMID- 35266219 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220419 LR - 20220419 IS - 1099-1573 (Electronic) IS - 0951-418X (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 4 DP - 2022 Apr TI - Evaluating the effects of dark chocolate formulated with micro-encapsulated fermented garlic extract on cardio-metabolic indices in hypertensive patients: A crossover, triple-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. PG - 1785-1796 LID - 10.1002/ptr.7421 [doi] AB - This study aimed to investigate the health-related effects of microencapsulated fermented garlic extract (FGE) containing dark chocolate in hypertensive adults. For this purpose, 36 hypertensive adults (15 males vs. 21 females) were randomized to receive the FGE (5 g/day) dark chocolate containing 650 mg of FGE powder or the placebo. Intervention periods lasted for 6 weeks and were separated by a 3-week wash-out period. The response variables included blood pressure, anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress indices. Statistical analyses were performed using the Pkcross procedure, and Cohen's d was estimated for all response variables. There was no significant inter-period difference between the mean changes of body weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, no significant change was confirmed in participants' blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum homocysteine, high-sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). It seems that the dose of FGE used in this study was not sufficient to cause any significant changes in the outcomes. Therefore, further studies with dose-response designs and longer durations are recommended. CI - (c) 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Mohammadi, Salman AU - Mohammadi S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1971-4957 AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Mazloomi, Seyed Mohammad AU - Mazloomi SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9672-7743 AD - Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Niakousari, Mehrdad AU - Niakousari M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4557-9031 AD - Department of Food Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Ghaem Far, Zohreh AU - Ghaem Far Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4267-0240 AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Azadi, Amir AU - Azadi A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7763-7956 AD - Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Yousefinejad, Saeed AU - Yousefinejad S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5940-1229 AD - Food and supplements Safety Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. AD - Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Jafari, Peyman AU - Jafari P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6766-1343 AD - Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Faghih, Shiva AU - Faghih S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0554-538X AD - Department of community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. LA - eng GR - 97-01-84-18567/Shiraz University of Medical Sciences/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20220309 PL - England TA - Phytother Res JT - Phytotherapy research : PTR JID - 8904486 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - *Chocolate MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - *Garlic MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/drug therapy MH - Lipoproteins, LDL MH - Male MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use OTO - NOTNLM OT - chocolate OT - extract OT - garlic OT - hypertension OT - inflammation OT - lipid profile EDAT- 2022/03/11 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/20 06:00 CRDT- 2022/03/10 05:49 PHST- 2022/01/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/06/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/01/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/03/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/03/10 05:49 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/ptr.7421 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytother Res. 2022 Apr;36(4):1785-1796. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7421. Epub 2022 Mar 9. PMID- 35251216 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220309 IS - 1741-427X (Print) IS - 1741-4288 (Electronic) IS - 1741-427X (Linking) VI - 2022 DP - 2022 TI - Protective Effects of Alternanthera sessilis Ethanolic Extract against TNF-alpha or H(2)O(2)-Induced Endothelial Activation in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. PG - 8738435 LID - 10.1155/2022/8738435 [doi] LID - 8738435 AB - Activation of the endothelium has been shown to contribute to the early stage of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. In endothelial activation, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased expression of cell adhesion molecules cause an increase in vascular permeability. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. is an edible traditional herbal plant, which has previously been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of A. sessilis on the activation of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of A. sessilis on endothelial permeability, vascular cell adhesion-1 (VCAM-1) expression, production of ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The viability of HAECs was first determined using the MTT viability assay. The effect of A. sessilis on endothelial permeability was examined using the FITC-dextran permeability assay. Besides, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to assess soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) expression. The production of ROS and H(2)O(2) was studied using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)-DCFDA) and Amplex Red fluorescent dyes, respectively. SOD and CAT activities were also measured using commercial kits. Our results showed that 25-200 mug/mL of A. sessilis ethanolic extract did not cause significant death in HAECs. A. sessilis at 200 mug/mL significantly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced hyperpermeability of HAECs. However, A. sessilis did not reduce increased VCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-alpha. A. sessilis also significantly reduced TNF-alpha-induced increased ROS production, but not H(2)O(2) production. Furthermore, 100 muM of H(2)O(2) decreased both SOD and CAT activities in HAECs at 2 h. A. sessilis ethanolic extract dramatically increased both reduced SOD and CAT activities caused by H(2)O(2). The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of A. sessilis ethanolic extract demonstrated the presence of arachidonic acid, azadirachtin, astaxanthin, flavanole base + 3O, 2Prenyl, and vicenin 2, while the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the extract contains 1,3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone, 4-pyrrolidinobenzaldehyde, and n-hexadecanoic acid. In conclusion, our findings suggest that A. sessilis ethanolic extract protects against endothelial hyperpermeability and oxidative stress elicited by pro-inflammatory or prooxidant stimulus. This study reveals a therapeutic potential of A. sessilis in preventing endothelial activation, which is a key event in early atherosclerosis. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Nur Nadia Mohd Razali et al. FAU - Mohd Razali, Nur Nadia AU - Mohd Razali NN AD - Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Teh, Soek Sin AU - Teh SS AD - Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysia Palm Oil Board, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Mah, Siau Hui AU - Mah SH AD - School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Yong, Yoke Keong AU - Yong YK AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9442-7456 AD - Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Ng, Chin Theng AU - Ng CT AD - Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia. FAU - Lim, Yang Mooi AU - Lim YM AD - Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Fong, Lai Yen AU - Fong LY AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7912-6746 AD - Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220224 PL - United States TA - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med JT - Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM JID - 101215021 PMC - PMC8894009 COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2022/03/08 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/08 06:01 PMCR- 2022/02/24 CRDT- 2022/03/07 06:04 PHST- 2021/08/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/01/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/01/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/03/07 06:04 [entrez] PHST- 2022/03/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/08 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/02/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2022/8738435 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Feb 24;2022:8738435. doi: 10.1155/2022/8738435. eCollection 2022. PMID- 35094491 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221107 LR - 20240909 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Print) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 66 IP - 21 DP - 2022 Nov TI - Flavanol Consumption in Healthy Men Preserves Integrity of Immunological-Endothelial Barrier Cell Functions: Nutri(epi)genomic Analysis. PG - e2100991 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.202100991 [doi] LID - 2100991 AB - SCOPE: While cocoa flavanol (CF) consumption improves cardiovascular risk biomarkers, molecular mechanisms underlying their protective effects are not understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate nutri(epi)genomic effects of CF and identify regulatory networks potential mediating vascular health benefits. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty healthy middle-aged men consume CF (bi-daily 450 mg) or control drinks for 1 month. Microarray analysis identifies 2235 differentially expressed genes (DEG) involved in processes regulating immune response, cell adhesion, or cytoskeleton organization. Distinct patterns of DEG correlate with CF-related changes in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure. DEG profile negatively correlates with expression profiles of cardiovascular disease patients. CF modulated DNA methylation profile of genes implicates in cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton organization, or cell signaling. In silico docking analyses indicate that CF metabolites have the potential of binding to cell signaling proteins and transcription factors. Incubation of plasma obtained after CF consumption decrease monocyte to endothelial adhesion and dose-dependently increase nitric oxide-dependent chemotaxis of circulating angiogenic cells further validating the biological functions of CF metabolites. CONCLUSION: In healthy humans, CF consumption may mediate vascular protective effects by modulating gene expression and DNA methylation towards a cardiovascular protective effect, in agreement with clinical results, by preserving integrity of immunological-endothelial barrier functions. CI - (c) 2022 The Authors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. FAU - Milenkovic, Dragan AU - Milenkovic D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6353-0912 AD - Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. AD - INRAE, UNH, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. FAU - Lucosz, Margarete AU - Lucosz M AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Istas, Geoffrey AU - Istas G AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. FAU - Declerck, Ken AU - Declerck K AD - PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium. FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Deenen, Rene AU - Deenen R AD - Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Kohrer, Karl AU - Kohrer K AD - Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Corral-Jara, Karla Fabiola AU - Corral-Jara KF AD - Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. FAU - Altschmied, Joachim AU - Altschmied J AD - Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Haendeler, Judith AU - Haendeler J AD - Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Berghe, Wim Vanden AU - Berghe WV AD - PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Clinical Medicine Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. AD - Department of Vascular Medicine, Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220216 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Middle Aged MH - Male MH - Humans MH - *Flavonols/pharmacology MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure MH - Genomics MH - Double-Blind Method PMC - PMC9787825 OTO - NOTNLM OT - DNA methylation OT - clinical trial OT - cocoa flavanol OT - epicatechin OT - genomics COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/01/31 06:00 MHDA- 2022/11/08 06:00 PMCR- 2022/12/23 CRDT- 2022/01/30 20:39 PHST- 2022/01/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/10/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/01/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/11/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/30 20:39 [entrez] PHST- 2022/12/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - MNFR4173 [pii] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.202100991 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2022 Nov;66(21):e2100991. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202100991. Epub 2022 Feb 16. PMID- 35064574 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220519 LR - 20220617 IS - 1745-4514 (Electronic) IS - 0145-8884 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 5 DP - 2022 May TI - Consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee enriched with cocoa and fructo-oligosaccharides among non-diabetic persons: Double blind randomized clinical trial. PG - e14081 LID - 10.1111/jfbc.14081 [doi] AB - Food industry has been investing in bringing to the market coffee-based drinks enriched in compounds that promise weight loss, which consequently influences diabetes risk. However, there are no clinical trials showing the effects of brewed coffee (with or without caffeine) enriched with bioactive compounds on body fat and glycemic control in healthy individuals. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of consuming two coffee formulas enriched with cocoa and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on glycemic and anthropometric biomarkers and blood pressure in non-diabetic adults for 10 weeks. In general, we observed that the values of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = .006) and fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG) (p < .001) had lower values with a tendency to decrease in FCG (p = .003) and FBG (p < .005) in both formulas. We observed statistically significant reductions in waist circumference (WC) (p = .012), arm circumference (AC) (p = .015), and percentage of fat (<0.0001) for all participants. However, we noticed a greater reduction in the caffeinated formula group (-2.92%, p = .005) compared to the decaffeinated formula (-1.62%, p = .008). Consumers of both cocoa and FOS-enriched coffee formulas benefited from reduced FBG, FCG, WC, and body fat percentage. The consumption of caffeinated formula was more effective in reducing the percentage of fat, while the decaffeinated formula was more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study provides robust evidence that effects of fortified coffee on non-diabetic people is positive for reduction in blood glucose, body fat and diastolic blood pressure. This study proposes a practical and safe coffee formulation for the consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee for non-diabetic people. CI - (c) 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - Moura de Araujo, Marcio Flavio AU - Moura de Araujo MF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8832-8323 AD - Health Family, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Eusebio, Brazil. FAU - Gueiros Gaspar, Maria Wendiane AU - Gueiros Gaspar MW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1452-7180 AD - Nursing Department, University for International Integration Lusophony Afro Brazilian, Redencao, Brazil. FAU - Saraiva Veras, Vivian AU - Saraiva Veras V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3267-3712 AD - Nursing Department, University for International Integration Lusophony Afro Brazilian, Redencao, Brazil. FAU - Freire de Freitas, Roberto Wagner Junior AU - Freire de Freitas RWJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9295-1177 AD - Health Family, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Eusebio, Brazil. FAU - de Paula, Maria do Livramento AU - de Paula MDL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9552-3693 AD - Pharmacy Department, University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil. FAU - Alves de Oliveira Serra, Maria Aparecida AU - Alves de Oliveira Serra MA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0952-9560 AD - Nursing Department, Federal University of Maranhao, Imperatriz, Brazil. FAU - Garcia Lira Neto, Jose Claudio AU - Garcia Lira Neto JC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2777-1406 AD - Medicine Department, Universidade de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. FAU - Coelho Damasceno, Marta Maria AU - Coelho Damasceno MM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4461-0145 AD - Nursing Department, Nursing, Dentist and Pharmacy Faculty, Ceara Federal University, Fortaleza, Brazil. FAU - Bandeira Moreira, Ana Vladia AU - Bandeira Moreira AV AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6899-7378 AD - Nutrition Department, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Brazil. FAU - Derenji de Mello, Vanessa AU - Derenji de Mello V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3414-6983 AD - Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Eastern University of Finland, Kuopio, Finland. LA - eng GR - 421316/2018-7/Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20220121 PL - United States TA - J Food Biochem JT - Journal of food biochemistry JID - 7706045 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Coffee) RN - 0 (Oligosaccharides) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Glucose MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Caffeine/pharmacology MH - *Coffee MH - Humans MH - Oligosaccharides/pharmacology OTO - NOTNLM OT - body composition OT - cacao OT - caffeine OT - coffee OT - glycemic control EDAT- 2022/01/23 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/20 06:00 CRDT- 2022/01/22 05:46 PHST- 2021/12/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/12/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/01/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/22 05:46 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jfbc.14081 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Food Biochem. 2022 May;46(5):e14081. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14081. Epub 2022 Jan 21. PMID- 34934677 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231108 IS - 2249-4863 (Print) IS - 2278-7135 (Electronic) IS - 2249-4863 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 10 DP - 2021 Oct TI - Childhood obesity and its relation with dietary habits among children in Aseer region, Southern Saudi Arabia. PG - 3760-3764 LID - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_558_21 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The rate of obesity in children is rising and it has become a growing epidemic worldwide; Childhood obesity is related to the high risk of obesity later in adult life. In the last 30 years the prevalence childhood obesity more than tripled. Overweight in paediatric population is suggested to be related to many cardio-metabolic risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia and 70% obese children had first cardiovascular disease risk factor and 30% had second or more. AIM: To estimate the prevalence and correlates of obesity among children in Aseer region. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the schools of Abha and Khamis Mushayet Cities; Aseer region during the period from January to December 2019. The respondents were any of the parents of the child. After having permission from the school authority, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a total of 300 children, with explanations about the questionnaire by the principal investigator and class teacher. RESULTS: The study included 300 students with ages that ranged from 1 year up to 17 years and mean age was 8.6 years old. Exact of 55.3% of the students were males and 32% were at preschool age while 43.7% were at the primary level of education. Students' body mass index (BMI) distribution demonstrated that more than half of the children had overweight or obesity and 16.7% were with underweight. There was a significant relation between obesity among the children and some of their dietary habits including sweets, chocolate and fast food. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In conclusion, the study revealed that nearly one-third of the children in the study group were overweight or obese with obesity more prevalent. Obesity was more recorded among old-aged children who frequently had unhealthy food. Improving the children lifestyle and dietary habits is mandatory to work against weight gain. CI - Copyright: (c) 2021 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. FAU - Mustafa, Alam Eldin M AU - Mustafa AEM AD - Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Kordofan, Sudan. FAU - Assery, Abeer Ayed A AU - Assery AAA AD - Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Asiri, Fatimah Mohammed A AU - Asiri FMA AD - Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alfarhan, Nojoud M AU - Alfarhan NM AD - Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alqarni, Afnan M AU - Alqarni AM AD - Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alqahtani, Fatimah Muslih S AU - Alqahtani FMS AD - Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211105 PL - India TA - J Family Med Prim Care JT - Journal of family medicine and primary care JID - 101610082 PMC - PMC8653482 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Children OT - obesity OT - overweight COIS- There are no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2021/12/23 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/23 06:01 PMCR- 2021/10/01 CRDT- 2021/12/22 06:51 PHST- 2021/03/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/07/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/12/22 06:51 [entrez] PHST- 2021/12/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/23 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - JFMPC-10-3760 [pii] AID - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_558_21 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Oct;10(10):3760-3764. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_558_21. Epub 2021 Nov 5. PMID- 34852755 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220201 LR - 20220201 IS - 2212-4063 (Electronic) IS - 1871-529X (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 3 DP - 2021 TI - Nutraceuticals in the Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Where is the Evidence? PG - 150-161 LID - 10.2174/1871529X21666211201104124 [doi] AB - Cardiovascular disease continues to rise at an alarming rate, and research focuses on possible therapies to reduce the risk and slow down its progression. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that dietary modifications, such as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables play an important role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Food sources rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties are thought to ameliorate the progression of cardiovascular disease and serve as a potential treatment mode. Many in vivo and in vitro studies using turmeric, cinnamon, mango, blueberries, red wine, chocolate, and extra virgin olive oil have demonstrated significant improvements in cholesterol profiles, toxic reactive oxygen species, inflammation, obesity, and hypertension. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the cardioprotective effect of different food groups, outline their potential mechanisms involved in slowing down the progression of cardiovascular disease, and highlight the beneficial effects associated with increased consumption. CI - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net. FAU - Russell, Cody AU - Russell C AD - Department of Medical Sciences, The American University of the Caribbean, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten. FAU - Keshavamurthy, Suresh AU - Keshavamurthy S AD - Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA. FAU - Saha, Sibu AU - Saha S AD - Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets JT - Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets JID - 101269160 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Olive Oil) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/therapeutic use MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - *Cardiovascular System MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Olive Oil MH - Risk Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Nutraceuticals OT - antioxidants OT - atherosclerosis OT - cardiovascular disease (CVD) OT - coronary artery disease (CAD). OT - dyslipidemia OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2021/12/03 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/02 06:00 CRDT- 2021/12/02 05:34 PHST- 2021/07/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/08/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/11/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/12/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/12/02 05:34 [entrez] AID - CHDDT-EPUB-119165 [pii] AID - 10.2174/1871529X21666211201104124 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2021;21(3):150-161. doi: 10.2174/1871529X21666211201104124. PMID- 34836136 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211213 LR - 20211214 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 11 DP - 2021 Oct 29 TI - Development, Validation, and Reproducibility of Food Group-Based Frequency Questionnaires for Clinical Use in Brazil: A Pre-Hypertension and Hypertension Diet Assessment. LID - 10.3390/nu13113881 [doi] LID - 3881 AB - The Blood pressure control diet is well described; however, it has not been implemented in clinical care, possibly due to the impracticability of the diet assessment in these contexts. In order to facilitate the dietary assessment, we developed and assessed the validity and reproducibility of two food group-based food frequency questionnaires (FG-FFQs), with a one-week (7-day FG-FFQ) and a one-month (30-day FG-FFQ) period of coverage for patients with pre-hypertension or hypertension. In 2010, 155 men and women, 30-70 years old, were invited to participate in a prospective study in two outpatient clinics in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The participants responded to two 30-day, two 7-day FG-FFQ, four 24-h dietary recalls, and underwent demographic, anthropometric, and blood pressure assessments. The validity and reproducibility were assessed using partial correlation coefficients adjusted for sex and age, and the internal validity was tested using the intra-class correlation coefficient. The participants were aged 61 (+/-10) years and 60% were women. The validity correlation coefficient was higher than r = 0.80 in the 30-day FG-FFQ for whole bread (r = 0.81) and the 7-day FG-FFQ for diet/light/zero soda and industrialized juices (r = 0.84) in comparison to the 24-h dietary recalls. The global internal validity was alpha = 0.59, but it increased to alpha = 0.76 when 19 redundant food groups were excluded. The reproducibility was higher than r = 0.80 for pasta, potatoes and manioc, bakery goods, sugar and cocoa, and beans for both versions. The 30-day had a slightly higher validity, both had good internal validity, and the 7-day FG-FFQ had a higher reproducibility. FAU - Rossato, Sinara L AU - Rossato SL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6966-927X AD - Postgraduate Program of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil. AD - Institute of Geography, Campus Santa Monica, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, MG, Brazil. AD - Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chann School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. FAU - Mosele, Francisca AU - Mosele F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5677-0280 AD - Postgraduate Program of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil. AD - PREVER National Institute of Science and Technology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil. AD - Nutrition Thinking(R) Co., Tecnopuc, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil. FAU - Moreira, Leila B AU - Moreira LB AD - Postgraduate Program of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil. AD - PREVER National Institute of Science and Technology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil. AD - Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil. FAU - Rodrigues, Marcela Perdomo AU - Rodrigues MP AD - Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil. FAU - Lima, Ruchelli Franca AU - Lima RF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8449-0657 AD - PREVER National Institute of Science and Technology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil. AD - Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil. FAU - Fuchs, Flavio D AU - Fuchs FD AD - Postgraduate Program of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil. AD - PREVER National Institute of Science and Technology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil. AD - Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil. FAU - Fuchs, Sandra C AU - Fuchs SC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6351-9588 AD - Postgraduate Program of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil. AD - PREVER National Institute of Science and Technology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil. AD - Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil. LA - eng GR - 308489/2009-8/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico/ GR - 211521/2013-2/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico/ GR - 2012/2013/Santander Top Massachusetts/ GR - 309023/2015-7/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico/ GR - 001/Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/ GR - 12-0207/Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos/ PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Validation Study DEP - 20211029 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Brazil MH - Diet/psychology/*statistics & numerical data MH - Diet Surveys/*standards MH - Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy MH - Male MH - Mental Recall MH - Middle Aged MH - Prehypertension/*diet therapy MH - Prospective Studies MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards PMC - PMC8622104 OTO - NOTNLM OT - PREVER study OT - diet OT - diet assessment OT - diet intake OT - food frequency questionnaire OT - food intake OT - hypertension OT - outpatient clinic OT - pre-hypertension COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/11/28 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00 PMCR- 2021/10/29 CRDT- 2021/11/27 01:29 PHST- 2021/08/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/10/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/27 01:29 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu13113881 [pii] AID - nutrients-13-03881 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu13113881 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2021 Oct 29;13(11):3881. doi: 10.3390/nu13113881. PMID- 34819787 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211126 IS - 1319-0164 (Print) IS - 2213-7475 (Electronic) IS - 1319-0164 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 11 DP - 2021 Nov TI - Development of a quantified herbal extract of hawthorn Crataegus mexicana leaves with vasodilator effect. PG - 1258-1266 LID - 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.10.002 [doi] AB - Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) has been used for the treatment of several heart diseases and hypertension. The studies carried out on several hawthorn species have led to the development of standardized extracts useful in the cure of mild chronic cardiac diseases. In Mexico, the most common Crataegus species are C. mexicana and C. gracilior. Decoctions prepared from the fruits and leaves of these species have been employed to the treat respiratory diseases, tachycardia and to improve coronary blood flow. Considering that to date there are no reports of the use of Mexican Crataegus species to treat cardiovascular diseases, we propose an analytical method to obtain a quantified extract of Crataegus mexicana leaves for the development of a standardized extract with therapeutic value in cardiovascular diseases as an alternative source to the extracts obtained from Crataegus species of European and Asian origin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain an extract prepared from C. mexicana leaves with the highest vasodilator activity to select the optimal chemical marker to stablish and validate a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC-DAD) analytical method for obtaining a quantified extract with vasodilator effect. The results obtained from the analytical method validation, which was carried out according to the guidelines stablished in the Eurachem Guide and the ICH guidelines proved that the RPHPLC-DAD method we developed was specific, precise, accurate, and showed good linearity over the concentration range of 3 - 21 microg/ml for (-)-epicatechin and rutin, which were selected as chemical markers. CI - (c) 2021 The Author(s). FAU - Ornelas-Lim, Christian AU - Ornelas-Lim C AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Quimica y Farmacologica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico. FAU - Luna-Vazquez, Francisco J AU - Luna-Vazquez FJ AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Quimica y Farmacologica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico. FAU - Rojas-Molina, Alejandra AU - Rojas-Molina A AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Quimica y Farmacologica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico. FAU - Ibarra-Alvarado, Cesar AU - Ibarra-Alvarado C AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Quimica y Farmacologica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211019 PL - Netherlands TA - Saudi Pharm J JT - Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society JID - 9705695 PMC - PMC8596289 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular diseases OT - Crataegus mexicana OT - Quantified extract OT - Validation OT - Vasorelaxant effect COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/11/26 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/26 06:01 PMCR- 2021/10/19 CRDT- 2021/11/25 06:32 PHST- 2021/05/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/10/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/25 06:32 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1319-0164(21)00204-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.10.002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Saudi Pharm J. 2021 Nov;29(11):1258-1266. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID- 34812946 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220308 LR - 20261010 IS - 1432-2013 (Electronic) IS - 0031-6768 (Linking) VI - 474 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Jan TI - ( -)-Epicatechin and cardiometabolic risk factors: a focus on potential mechanisms of action. PG - 99-115 LID - 10.1007/s00424-021-02640-0 [doi] AB - This review summarizes experimental evidence on the beneficial effects of ( -)-epicatechin (EC) attenuating major cardiometabolic risk factors, i.e., dyslipidemias, obesity (adipose tissue dysfunction), hyperglycemia (insulin resistance), and hypertension (endothelial dysfunction). Studies in humans are revised and complemented with experiments in animal models, and cultured cells, aiming to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in EC-mediated effects. Firstly, an assessment of EC metabolism gives relevance to both conjugated-EC metabolites product of host metabolism and microbiota-derived species. Integration and analysis of results stress the maintenance of redox homeostasis and mitigation of inflammation as relevant processes associated with cardiometabolic diseases. In these processes, EC appears having significant effects regulating NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent oxidant production, nitric oxide (NO) production, and energy homeostasis (mitochondrial biogenesis and function). The potential participation of cell membranes and membrane-bound receptors is also discussed in terms of direct molecular action of EC and EC metabolites reaching cells and tissues. CI - (c) 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FAU - Hid, Ezequiel J AU - Hid EJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3741-2194 AD - Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Catedra de Fisicoquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AD - Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Mosele, Juana I AU - Mosele JI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0600-2360 AD - Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Catedra de Fisicoquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AD - Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Prince, Paula D AU - Prince PD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7075-4014 AD - Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Catedra de Fisicoquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AD - Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4168-9927 AD - Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Catedra de Fisicoquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AD - Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AD - Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. FAU - Galleano, Monica AU - Galleano M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7184-7896 AD - Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Catedra de Fisicoquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mgallean@ffyb.uba.ar. AD - Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mgallean@ffyb.uba.ar. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20211123 PL - Germany TA - Pflugers Arch JT - Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology JID - 0154720 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MH - Catechin/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Dyslipidemias/drug therapy MH - Humans MH - Hyperglycemia/drug therapy MH - Hypertension/drug therapy MH - Obesity/drug therapy OTO - NOTNLM OT - ( -)-Epicatechin OT - Dyslipidemias OT - Hypertension OT - Inflammation OT - Insulin resistance OT - NADPH oxidase OT - Nitric oxide OT - Obesity EDAT- 2021/11/24 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/09 06:00 CRDT- 2021/11/23 12:24 PHST- 2021/05/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/11/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/11/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/11/23 12:24 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00424-021-02640-0 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00424-021-02640-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pflugers Arch. 2022 Jan;474(1):99-115. doi: 10.1007/s00424-021-02640-0. Epub 2021 Nov 23. PMID- 34805192 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20261002 IS - 2296-858X (Print) IS - 2296-858X (Electronic) IS - 2296-858X (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2021 TI - Looking for Crumbs in the Obesity Forest: Anti-obesity Interventions and Obesity-Associated Cardiometabolic Traits in the Mexican Population. History and Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. PG - 665023 LID - 10.3389/fmed.2021.665023 [doi] LID - 665023 AB - Mexicans and Mexican Americans share culture, genetic background, and predisposition for chronic complications associated with obesity and diabetes making imperative efficacious treatments and prevention. Obesity has been treated for centuries focused-on weight loss while other treatments on associated conditions like gout, diabetes (T2D), and hypertriglyceridemia. To date, there is no systematic review that synthesizes the origin of obesity clinics in Mexico and the efforts to investigate treatments for obesity tested by randomized clinical trials (RCT). We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve anti-obesity RCT through 2019 and without an inferior temporal limit. The systematic review included RCT of anti-obesity treatments in the Mexican adult population, covering alternative medicine, pharmacological, nutritional, behavioral, and surgical interventions reporting metabolism-associated traits such as BMI, weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, among others. Only the studies with at least 3 months of treatment were included in the meta-analyses in order to reduce placebo effects. We found 634 entries, after removal of duplicates and screening the studies based on eligibility criteria, we analyzed 43 national, and 2 multinational-collaborative studies. Most of the national studies had small sample sizes, and the implemented strategies do not have replications in the population. The nutrition/behavioral interventions were difficult to blind, and most studies have medium-to-high risk of bias. Nutritional/behavioral interventions and medications showed effects on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Simple measures like pure water instead of sweet beverages decrease triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Dark chocolate showed the highest effect for BMI and high blood pressure, and treatment with insulin increased weight in those with T2D. The study of obesity in Mexico has been on-going for more than four decades, the interest on RCT just increased until this millennium, but with small sample sizes and lack of replication. The interventions affect different cardiometabolic associated traits, which should be analyzed in detail in the population living near the Mexico-U.S. border; therefore, bi-national collaboration is desirable to disentangle the cultural effects on this population's treatment response. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020221436, identifier: CRD42020221436. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Garcia-Oropesa, Martinez-Lopez, Ruiz-Cejudo, Martinez-Ezquerro, Diaz-Badillo, Ramirez-Pfeiffer, Bustamante-Fuentes, Lopez-Sosa, Moctezuma-Chavez, Nava-Gonzalez, Perales-Torres, Perez-Navarro, Rosas-Diaz, Carter, Tapia and Lopez-Alvarenga. FAU - Garcia-Oropesa, Esperanza M AU - Garcia-Oropesa EM AD - Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan (UAMRA), Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Mexico. FAU - Martinez-Lopez, Yoscelina E AU - Martinez-Lopez YE AD - Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Medicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Ruiz-Cejudo, Sonia Maria AU - Ruiz-Cejudo SM AD - Unidad de Investigacion Epidemiologica y en Servicios de Salud, Area Envejecimiento (UIESSAE), Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico. AD - Programa de Maestria y Doctorado en Musica, Cognicion Musical, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Martinez-Ezquerro, Jose Dario AU - Martinez-Ezquerro JD AD - Unidad de Investigacion Epidemiologica y en Servicios de Salud, Area Envejecimiento (UIESSAE), Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico. AD - Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Diaz-Badillo, Alvaro AU - Diaz-Badillo A AD - Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States. AD - Programa de Maestria en Salud Publica, Universidad Mexico-Americana del Norte (UMAN), Reynosa, Mexico. FAU - Ramirez-Pfeiffer, Carlos AU - Ramirez-Pfeiffer C AD - Programa de Maestria en Salud Publica, Universidad Mexico-Americana del Norte (UMAN), Reynosa, Mexico. FAU - Bustamante-Fuentes, Alejandra AU - Bustamante-Fuentes A AD - Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Lopez-Sosa, Elena B AU - Lopez-Sosa EB AD - Cirugia General, Hospital Espanol, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Moctezuma-Chavez, Oscar O AU - Moctezuma-Chavez OO AD - Asociacion Odontologica Mexicana para la Ensenanza y la Investigacion, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Nava-Gonzalez, Edna J AU - Nava-Gonzalez EJ AD - Facultad de Salud Publica y Nutricion, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico. FAU - Perales-Torres, Adriana L AU - Perales-Torres AL AD - Laboratorio de Bromatologia, Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan (UAMRA), Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas Reynosa-Aztlan, Reynosa, Mexico. FAU - Perez-Navarro, Lucia M AU - Perez-Navarro LM AD - Servicio de Nefrologia, Direccion de Investigacion, Hospital General de Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Rosas-Diaz, Marisol AU - Rosas-Diaz M AD - Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan (UAMRA), Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Mexico. FAU - Carter, Kathleen AU - Carter K AD - Research and Education Library of the School of Medicine, Education & Academic Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States. FAU - Tapia, Beatriz AU - Tapia B AD - Office of Faculty Affairs and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, United States. FAU - Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan C AU - Lopez-Alvarenga JC AD - Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States. AD - Programa de Maestria en Salud Publica, Universidad Mexico-Americana del Norte (UMAN), Reynosa, Mexico. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20211103 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Med (Lausanne) JT - Frontiers in medicine JID - 101648047 PMC - PMC8595206 OTO - NOTNLM OT - abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome OT - anti-obesity agents OT - randomized clinical trials OT - systematic review and meta-analysis OT - type 2 diabetes COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/11/23 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/23 06:01 PMCR- 2021/11/03 CRDT- 2021/11/22 06:53 PHST- 2021/02/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/22 06:53 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/23 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/11/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fmed.2021.665023 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Nov 3;8:665023. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.665023. eCollection 2021. PMID- 34708121 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220124 LR - 20231107 IS - 2314-6141 (Electronic) IS - 2314-6133 (Print) VI - 2021 DP - 2021 TI - In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Imperata cylindrica Root's Extract toward Human Cervical Cancer and Identification of Potential Bioactive Compounds. PG - 4259777 LID - 10.1155/2021/4259777 [doi] LID - 4259777 AB - Imperata cylindrica is traditionally used to cure several diseases including cancer, wounds, and hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the anticancer activity of the methanolic root extract of I. cylindrica (IC-MeOH). The water-soluble tetrazolium-1 and colony formation assays were used to check the proliferation ability of the cells. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) analysis was used for the metabolites profiling of IC-MeOH. Based on high-mass accuracy, spectral data, and previous reports, tentative compound identifications were assigned. Our findings revealed that IC-MeOH inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and CaSki cells. The plant extract was also found to induce a concentration- and time-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase (IC(50) value) in CaSki cell line. Analysis of IC-MeOH permitted the identification of 10 compounds already reported for their anticancer activity, epicatechin, curcumin, (-)-yatein, caffeic acid, myricetin, jatrorrhizine, harmaline, cinnamaldehyde, dobutamine, and syringin. In conclusion, IC-MeOH is a rich source of cytotoxic metabolites that inhibits human cervical cancer proliferation via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Paul Nayim et al. FAU - Nayim, Paul AU - Nayim P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8924-0892 AD - University of Dschang, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 1499 Bafoussam, Dschang, Cameroon. AD - National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka, India. FAU - Sudhir, Krishna AU - Sudhir K AD - National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka, India. FAU - Mbaveng, Armelle T AU - Mbaveng AT AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4178-4967 AD - University of Dschang, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 1499 Bafoussam, Dschang, Cameroon. FAU - Kuete, Victor AU - Kuete V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1070-1236 AD - University of Dschang, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 1499 Bafoussam, Dschang, Cameroon. FAU - Sanjukta, Mukherjee AU - Sanjukta M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0233-9492 AD - National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211018 PL - United States TA - Biomed Res Int JT - BioMed research international JID - 101600173 RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology MH - Apoptosis/drug effects MH - Cell Cycle/drug effects MH - Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects MH - Cell Line, Tumor MH - Cell Movement/drug effects MH - Cell Proliferation/drug effects MH - Female MH - HeLa Cells MH - Humans MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Plant Roots/metabolism MH - Poaceae/*chemistry/*metabolism MH - Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/drug effects MH - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism PMC - PMC8545510 COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/10/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00 PMCR- 2021/10/18 CRDT- 2021/10/28 06:43 PHST- 2021/07/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/28 06:43 [entrez] PHST- 2021/10/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2021/4259777 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Biomed Res Int. 2021 Oct 18;2021:4259777. doi: 10.1155/2021/4259777. eCollection 2021. PMID- 34681387 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211026 IS - 2304-8158 (Print) IS - 2304-8158 (Electronic) IS - 2304-8158 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 10 DP - 2021 Sep 30 TI - Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seed-Derived Peptides Reduce Blood Pressure by Interacting with the Catalytic Site of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. LID - 10.3390/foods10102340 [doi] LID - 2340 AB - This study aimed at determining the effect of cocoa proteins (CP) on the blood pressure, using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. The in silico assay showed 26 Criollo cocoa peptides with alignment in the Blast((R)) analysis. Peptide sequences ranged from 6 to 16 amino acids, with molecular weight ranging from 560.31 to 1548.76 Da. The peptide sequences LSPGGAAV, TSVSGAGGPGAGR, and TLGNPAAAGPF showed the highest theoretical affinity with -8.6, -5.0, and -10.2 kcal/mol, for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)-R), respectively. The Criollo CP hydrolysates (CPH) presented in vitro ACE inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 0.49 mg/mL. Furthermore, the orogastric administration of 150 mg CP/kg/day in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet (HF + CP group) showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 5% (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 7% (p < 0.001) compared with the HF group. The human equivalent dose (HED) of CP for an adult (60 kg) is 1.45 g per day. These results suggest that the consumption of CP could reduce blood pressure by blocking ACE, and could be used as an ingredient in the elaboration of antihypertensive functional foods. FAU - Coronado-Caceres, Luis Jorge AU - Coronado-Caceres LJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6225-1142 AD - Unidad de Tecnologia Alimentaria, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico. FAU - Hernandez-Ledesma, Blanca AU - Hernandez-Ledesma B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7192-6044 AD - Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Alimentacion (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Mojica, Luis AU - Mojica L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6994-8711 AD - Unidad de Tecnologia Alimentaria, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico. FAU - Quevedo-Corona, Lucia AU - Quevedo-Corona L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1040-1532 AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu s/n Esq. Manuel I. Stampa, Col. Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico 07738, Mexico. FAU - Rabadan-Chavez, Griselda AU - Rabadan-Chavez G AD - Unidad de Tecnologia Alimentaria, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico. FAU - Castillo-Herrera, Gustavo Adolfo AU - Castillo-Herrera GA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0538-7318 AD - Unidad de Tecnologia Alimentaria, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico. FAU - Lugo Cervantes, Eugenia AU - Lugo Cervantes E AD - Unidad de Tecnologia Alimentaria, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico. LA - eng GR - 2017-02-291417/CONACYT-SAGARPA/ GR - PID2019-104218RB-I00/AEI/2015-66886R/Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain/ GR - SIP20195713/Instituto Politecnico Nacional/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210930 PL - Switzerland TA - Foods JT - Foods (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101670569 PMC - PMC8534856 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Theobroma cacao L. OT - angiotensin-converting enzyme OT - antihypertensive OT - bioactive peptides OT - molecular docking OT - proteins COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/10/24 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/24 06:01 PMCR- 2021/09/30 CRDT- 2021/10/23 01:07 PHST- 2021/09/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/23 01:07 [entrez] PHST- 2021/10/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/24 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/09/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - foods10102340 [pii] AID - foods-10-02340 [pii] AID - 10.3390/foods10102340 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Foods. 2021 Sep 30;10(10):2340. doi: 10.3390/foods10102340. PMID- 34676690 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220228 LR - 20240403 IS - 2051-817X (Electronic) IS - 2051-817X (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 20 DP - 2021 Oct TI - Dose-effect relation between regular consumption of 100% cocoa powder and blood pressure in young, healthy black Africans. PG - e15070 LID - 10.14814/phy2.15070 [doi] LID - e15070 AB - BACKGROUND: Some previous works have focused on dose-response relationship between cocoa consumption and blood pressure in Caucasians. As black subjects have lower nitric oxide bioavailability, the aim of this work was to determine the dose-effect relation between cocoa and blood pressure in black Africans. METHOD: One hundred and thirty healthy black African males aged 18-30 were randomly assigned into four groups: three groups consuming 10 g, 5 g, or 2 g of cocoa powder daily for three weeks and one control group that did not consume cocoa. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured on day 1 (D1, before any subject consumed cocoa), D8, D15, and D22. Means of the parameters at each of the four visits and changes of the means were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Significant decrease in SBP was noted in consumers of 10 g compared to controls in the 1st week, and compared to consumers of 2 g in the 2nd and 3rd weeks of follow-up. Means and changes of DBP were statistically similar among the four groups. CONCLUSION: Among our cohort, decrease in SBP was significantly greater in the heavy cocoa consumer group (10 g) compared to the low consumer group (2 g), but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with the intermediate consumer group (5 g). The dose-response relationship between cocoa consumption and changes in SBP was not linear. No relationship was found between cocoa consumption and DBP. CI - (c) 2021 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. FAU - Balayssac-Siransy, Edwige AU - Balayssac-Siransy E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2020-2588 AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AD - Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Yopougon, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Ouattara, Soualiho AU - Ouattara S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1401-1600 AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Boka, Kotchi Joel Michee AU - Boka KJM AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Ahiboh, Hugues AU - Ahiboh H AD - Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Yeo, Teniloh Augustin AU - Yeo TA AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Yapo, Paule-Denise AU - Yapo PD AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Kondo, Aya Liliane AU - Kondo AL AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Toure, Walamitien Cyrille AU - Toure WC AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Ede, Kotchi Fabrice AU - Ede KF AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Dah, Cyrille Serges AU - Dah CS AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AD - Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Bogui, Pascal AU - Bogui P AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Physiol Rep JT - Physiological reports JID - 101607800 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Black People/*statistics & numerical data MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*adverse effects MH - *Heart Rate MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/etiology/*pathology MH - Male MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC8531838 OTO - NOTNLM OT - black African OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa OT - dose-effect COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationship that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/10/23 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/01 06:00 PMCR- 2021/10/21 CRDT- 2021/10/22 07:13 PHST- 2021/08/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/05/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/22 07:13 [entrez] PHST- 2021/10/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/21 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PHY215070 [pii] AID - 10.14814/phy2.15070 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Physiol Rep. 2021 Oct;9(20):e15070. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15070. PMID- 34642085 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211123 LR - 20221011 IS - 2095-4964 (Print) VI - 19 IP - 6 DP - 2021 Nov TI - Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from plants: A review of their diversity, modes of action, prospects, and concerns in the management of diabetes-centric complications. PG - 478-492 LID - S2095-4964(21)00085-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.006 [doi] AB - Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are antihypertensive medications often used in the treatment of diabetes-related complications. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are known to cause serious side effects like hypotension, renal insufficiency, and hyperkalaemia. Therefore, there has been an intensifying search for natural ACE inhibitors. Many plants or plant-based extracts are known to possess ACE-inhibitory activity. In this review, articles focusing on the natural ACE inhibitors extracted from plants were retrieved from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We have found more than 50 plant species with ACE-inhibitory activity. Among them, Angelica keiskei, Momordica charantia, Muntingia calabura, Prunus domestica, and Peperomia pellucida were the most potent, showing comparatively lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Among the bioactive metabolites, peptides (e.g., Tyr-Glu-Pro, Met-Arg-Trp, and Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Val), phenolics (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside), flavonoids ([-]-epicatechin, astilbin, and eupatorin), terpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid) and alkaloids (berberine and harmaline) isolated from several plant and fungus species were found to possess significant ACE-inhibitory activity. These were also known to possess promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering the minimal side effects and lower toxicity of herbal compounds, development of antihypertensive drugs from these plant extracts or phytocompounds for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications is an important endeavour. This review, therefore, focuses on the ACE inhibitors extracted from different plant sources, their possible mechanisms of action, present status, and any safety concerns. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Chakraborty, Rakhi AU - Chakraborty R AD - Department of Botany, A.P.C. Roy Government College, Matigara 734010, West Bengal, India. FAU - Roy, Swarnendu AU - Roy S AD - Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur 734011, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: swarnendubotany@nbu.ac.in. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20210928 PL - Netherlands TA - J Integr Med JT - Journal of integrative medicine JID - 101603118 RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Peptides) SB - IM CIN - J Integr Med. 2022 Sep;20(5):476. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.06.005. PMID: 35750624 MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors MH - Antihypertensive Agents MH - *Diabetes Complications/drug therapy MH - *Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy MH - Humans MH - Peptides OTO - NOTNLM OT - Angiotensin-converting enzyme OT - Bioactive metabolite OT - Herbal medicine OT - Hyperglycaemia OT - Hypertension OT - Inhibitor COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/10/14 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/24 06:00 CRDT- 2021/10/13 05:49 PHST- 2020/07/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/06/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/13 05:49 [entrez] AID - S2095-4964(21)00085-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Integr Med. 2021 Nov;19(6):478-492. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.006. Epub 2021 Sep 28. PMID- 34610498 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220126 LR - 20240226 IS - 1950-6007 (Electronic) IS - 0753-3322 (Linking) VI - 144 DP - 2021 Dec TI - The mechanisms of calcium mobilization by procyanidins, flavonols and flavonoids from Cecropia glaziovii Sneth in pulmonary endothelial cell cultures endorse its popular use as vasodilator phytomedicine. PG - 112231 LID - S0753-3322(21)01015-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112231 [doi] AB - The hypotensive and antihypertensive activities of the aqueous extract (AE) and butanolic fraction (ButF) isolated from Cecropia glaziovii Sneth have been demonstrated in previous studies in animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanism of action responsible for the vasodilatory effect of procyanidins, flavanols, and flavonoids found in C. glaziovii in endothelial cell culture. For this purpose, we analyzed the effect of procyanidin B2 and B3 compounds, catechin, epicatechin, orientin, isoorientin, and isovitexin in the mobilization of Ca(2+) in rat endothelial cell cultures. Parallel associations with different antagonists were examined by considering the following in vivo hypotensive mechanisms: blockage of L-type calcium channels, action on beta-2 adrenergic receptors, and vasodilation via the nitric oxide pathway. All measurements of calcium mobilization were carried out by using the fluorescence measurement methodology in a Flexstation M3 spectrophotometer. The results indicate that some of the compounds have mixed actions, acting through different calcium mobilization pathways. The mobilization induced by such compounds significantly decreased when they were incubated with their corresponding antagonists. Taken together, our data suggest that the beneficial effects seen with the popular use of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth in pathological conditions, such as systemic arterial hypertension, seem to be related to the plant's hypotensive effect, very probably promoted by the actions of flavonols, flavonoids, and procyanidins, by different pathways of calcium mobilization. CI - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. FAU - Trettel, Gabriella AU - Trettel G AD - Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gynaecology, Federal University of Sao Paulo. Electronic address: gabriella.trettel@unifesp.br. FAU - Bertoncini, Clelia Rejane Antonio AU - Bertoncini CRA AD - CEDEME, Centre of Development of Experimental Models for Medicine and Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gynaecology, Federal University of Sao Paulo. Electronic address: clelia.rejane@unifesp.br. FAU - Lima-Landman, Maria Teresa AU - Lima-Landman MT AD - Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211002 PL - France TA - Biomed Pharmacother JT - Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie JID - 8213295 RN - 0 (Calcium Channel Blockers) RN - 0 (Calcium Channels, L-Type) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Phytochemicals) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 0 (Vasodilator Agents) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Calcium Channel Blockers/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Calcium Channels, L-Type/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Calcium Signaling/drug effects MH - *Cecropia Plant/chemistry MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Endothelial Cells/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Flavonoids/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Flavonols/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Lung/*blood supply MH - Male MH - Phytochemicals/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Proanthocyanidins/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Vasodilator Agents/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Rats OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antihypertensive, Ca(2+) channels OT - Contractile antagonists OT - Herbal medicines OT - Hypertension OT - Rat OT - Respiratory diseases EDAT- 2021/10/06 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00 CRDT- 2021/10/05 20:14 PHST- 2020/07/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/05 20:14 [entrez] AID - S0753-3322(21)01015-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112231 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Dec;144:112231. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112231. Epub 2021 Oct 2. PMID- 34601080 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220311 LR - 20220311 IS - 1096-1186 (Electronic) IS - 1043-6618 (Linking) VI - 174 DP - 2021 Dec TI - The antihypertensive potential of flavonoids from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A review. PG - 105919 LID - S1043-6618(21)00503-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105919 [doi] AB - With the coming of the era of the aging population, hypertension has become a global health burden to be dealt with. Although there are multiple drugs and procedures to control the symptoms of hypertension, the management of it is still a long-term process, and the side effects of conventional drugs pose a burden on patients. Flavonoids, common compounds found in fruits and vegetables as secondary metabolites, are active components in Chinese Herbal Medicine. The flavonoids are proved to have cardiovascular benefits based on a plethora of animal experiments over the last decade. Thus, the flavonoids or flavonoid-rich plant extracts endowed with anti-hypertension activities and probable mechanisms were reviewed. It has been found that flavonoids may affect blood pressure in various ways. Moreover, despite the substantial evidence of the potential for flavonoids in the control of hypertension, it is not sufficient to support the clinical application of flavonoids as an adjuvant or core drug. So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion. It is believed that more breakthrough studies are needed. Overall, this review may shed some new light on the explicit recognition of the mechanisms of anti-hypertension actions of flavonoids, pointing out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future researches. CI - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - Cao, Yi AU - Cao Y AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Xie, Long AU - Xie L AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Liu, Kai AU - Liu K AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Liang, Youdan AU - Liang Y AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Dai, Xiaolin AU - Dai X AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Wang, Xian AU - Wang X AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Lu, Jing AU - Lu J AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Zhang, Xumin AU - Zhang X AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. FAU - Li, Xiaofang AU - Li X AD - School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China. Electronic address: lixiaofang@cdutcm.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20211001 PL - Netherlands TA - Pharmacol Res JT - Pharmacological research JID - 8907422 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/classification/*therapeutic use MH - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/classification/*therapeutic use MH - Flavonoids/classification/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Medicine, Chinese Traditional MH - Phytotherapy OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (PubChem CID: 65064) OT - Anthocyanin (PubChem CID: 145858) OT - Anti-hypertension OT - Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443) OT - Artemetin (PubChem CID: 5320351) OT - Cardamonin (PubChem CID: 641785) OT - Catechin (PubChem CID: 9064) OT - Chinese Herbal Medicine OT - Chrysin (PubChem CID: 5281607) OT - Daidzein (PubChem CID: 5281708) OT - Dihydroquercetin (PubChem CID: 439533) OT - Diosmetin (PubChem CID: 5281612) OT - Diosmin (PubChem CID: 5281613) OT - Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 72276) OT - Fisetin (PubChem CID: 5281614) OT - Flavonoids OT - Genistein (PubChem CID: 5280961) OT - Glabridin (PubChem CID: 124052) OT - Hesperidin (PubChem CID: 10621) OT - Isoquercitrin (PubChem CID: 5280804) OT - Kaempferol (PubChem CID: 5280863) OT - Linarin (PubChem CID: 5317025) OT - Luteolin (PubChem CID: 5280445) OT - Mechanism OT - Myricetin (PubChem CID: 5281672) OT - Naringenin (PubChem CID: 439246) OT - Naringin (PubChem CID: 442428) OT - Pinocembrin (PubChem CID: 68071) OT - Puerarin (PubChem CID: 5281807) OT - Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343) OT - Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805) EDAT- 2021/10/04 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/12 06:00 CRDT- 2021/10/03 20:41 PHST- 2021/06/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/03 20:41 [entrez] AID - S1043-6618(21)00503-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105919 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pharmacol Res. 2021 Dec;174:105919. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105919. Epub 2021 Oct 1. PMID- 34578786 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211112 LR - 20240828 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 9 DP - 2021 Aug 24 TI - The Health Effects of Chocolate and Cocoa: A Systematic Review. LID - 10.3390/nu13092909 [doi] LID - 2909 AB - Chocolate has a history of human consumption tracing back to 400 AD and is rich in polyphenols such as catechins, anthocyanidins, and pro anthocyanidins. As chocolate and cocoa product consumption, along with interest in them as functional foods, increases worldwide, there is a need to systematically and critically appraise the available clinical evidence on their health effects. A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) using a search strategy and keywords. Among the many health effects assessed on several outcomes (including skin, cardiovascular, anthropometric, cognitive, and quality of life), we found that compared to controls, chocolate or cocoa product consumption significantly improved lipid profiles (triglycerides), while the effects of chocolate on all other outcome parameters were not significantly different. In conclusion, low-to-moderate-quality evidence with short duration of research (majority 4-6 weeks) showed no significant difference between the effects of chocolate and control groups on parameters related to skin, blood pressure, lipid profile, cognitive function, anthropometry, blood glucose, and quality of life regardless of form, dose, and duration among healthy individuals. It was generally well accepted by study subjects, with gastrointestinal disturbances and unpalatability being the most reported concerns. FAU - Tan, Terence Yew Chin AU - Tan TYC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7178-7435 AD - Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia. FAU - Lim, Xin Yi AU - Lim XY AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2615-3166 AD - Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia. FAU - Yeo, Julie Hsiao Hui AU - Yeo JHH AD - Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health, Alor Setar 05460, Malaysia. FAU - Lee, Shaun Wen Huey AU - Lee SWH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7361-6576 AD - School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia. FAU - Lai, Nai Ming AU - Lai NM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4204-3098 AD - School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia. AD - School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47100, Malaysia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20210824 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) SB - IM MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology MH - Cardiovascular System/drug effects MH - *Chocolate MH - Cognition/drug effects MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Quality of Life MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Skin/drug effects MH - Triglycerides/blood PMC - PMC8470865 OTO - NOTNLM OT - chocolate OT - cocoa OT - health benefits COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/16 06:00 PMCR- 2021/08/24 CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:27 PHST- 2021/07/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/07/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/09/28 01:27 [entrez] PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/08/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu13092909 [pii] AID - nutrients-13-02909 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu13092909 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2021 Aug 24;13(9):2909. doi: 10.3390/nu13092909. PMID- 34519647 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220113 LR - 20260127 IS - 1952-4021 (Electronic) IS - 0953-1424 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 2 DP - 2021 May 1 TI - Dietary recommendations of magnesium for cardiovascular prevention and treatment. A position paper of the Israel Heart Society and the Israel Dietetic Association. PG - 35-42 LID - 10.1684/mrh.2021.0483 [doi] AB - Modern life and the Western industrial diet has enhanced the reduction of magnesium in our food, which may contribute to a marginal or absolute magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency is evident in, among others, the elderly population, those after myocardial infarction and/or chronic heart failure, and diabetics. In Israel, over 60% of the drinking water originates from desalinated seawater lacking magnesium, which may cause hypomagnesemia. Magnesium deficiency can easily be treated by magnesium supplementation if we are aware of the situation. This paper summarizes the magnesium chapter in a position paper published in April 2021 by the Israeli Cardiology Society together with the Israeli Dietetic Association. It summarizes evidence-based nutritional recommendations for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, with emphasis on the level of evidence and practical recommendations according to the European Society of Cardiology definitions. The best recommendation is to increase consumption of magnesium-rich food, such as leafy green vegetables (mainly spinach), nuts, avocado, whole grains, legumes (e.g., beans, peas and soy beans), chocolate and certain seafood. However, for people who do not get sufficient magnesium from their diet completing the daily amount, as needed, with supplements of up to 600 mg/day should be considered. In addition, serum magnesium levels should be checked at least every six months in patients with heart failure, people taking diuretic therapy, and people taking proton-pump inhibitors. In addition, it may be beneficial to add magnesium following myocardial infarction in people with hypertension and in heart failure patients in order to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (class of recommendation IIa, level of evidence B). FAU - Shechter, Michael AU - Shechter M AD - The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. FAU - Eilat-Adar, Sigal AU - Eilat-Adar S AD - The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel. LA - eng PT - Consensus Statement PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Magnes Res JT - Magnesium research JID - 8900948 RN - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Diet MH - *Dietetics MH - Humans MH - Israel MH - Magnesium/therapeutic use MH - *Myocardial Infarction OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular disease OT - magnesium OT - prevention OT - recommendation OT - treatment EDAT- 2021/09/15 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/14 06:00 CRDT- 2021/09/14 13:08 PHST- 2021/09/14 13:08 [entrez] PHST- 2021/09/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/14 06:00 [medline] AID - mrh.2021.0483 [pii] AID - 10.1684/mrh.2021.0483 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Magnes Res. 2021 May 1;34(2):35-42. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2021.0483. PMID- 34487432 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211101 LR - 20220531 IS - 2472-1727 (Electronic) VI - 113 IP - 16 DP - 2021 Oct 1 TI - Cardiovascular function during early development is suppressed by cinnamon flavored, nicotine-free, electronic cigarette vapor. PG - 1215-1223 LID - 10.1002/bdr2.1951 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: Vaping products continue to remain popular among teens and young adults despite an overall lack of research regarding their potential health effects. While much research focuses on respiratory effects associated with electronic cigarette use, their effects on other systems, including embryonic cardiovascular function and development due to maternal use during pregnancy, also needs to be evaluated. Here, we assessed the impact of nicotine-free, cinnamon and chocolate flavored, electronic cigarette vapor on cardiovascular function during early development by exposing wild-type zebrafish embryos to electronic cigarette vapor. METHODS: Vapor was produced from a second-generation style vape pen and was incorporated into dechlorinated water at 0.6, 12, and 25 puffs/L, where one puff equals 55 ml of vapor. Vapor infused water was distributed among flasks to which zebrafish embryos were added. Exposures lasted for 24 hours and cardiovascular videos were recorded. Videos were analyzed and end systolic volume, end diastolic volume, stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, red blood cell density, and arterial and venous blood vessel diameters were measured. RESULTS: Here, it was found that embryonic exposure to nicotine free, cinnamon, and not chocolate, flavored electronic cigarette vapor at 25 puffs/L significantly decreased all cardiovascular parameters measured, with the exception of blood vessel diameter. No significant effect on any measured parameter was observed at 0.6 or 12 puffs/L with either flavor. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that cinnamon flavored electronic cigarette vapor can affect cardiovascular function during early development, even in the absence of nicotine, particularly at elevated exposure concentrations. CI - (c) 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - Piechowski, Jennifer M AU - Piechowski JM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6067-7601 AD - Program in Integrated Bioscience, Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA. FAU - Bagatto, Brian AU - Bagatto B AD - Program in Integrated Bioscience, Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210906 PL - United States TA - Birth Defects Res JT - Birth defects research JID - 101701004 RN - 0 (E-Cigarette Vapor) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cinnamomum zeylanicum MH - *E-Cigarette Vapor/adverse effects MH - *Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems MH - Nicotine MH - Zebrafish OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular function and development OT - chocolate OT - cinnamon OT - electronic cigarette OT - vaping EDAT- 2021/09/07 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/03 06:00 CRDT- 2021/09/06 12:33 PHST- 2021/07/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/04/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/08/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/09/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/09/06 12:33 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/bdr2.1951 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Birth Defects Res. 2021 Oct 1;113(16):1215-1223. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1951. Epub 2021 Sep 6. PMID- 34400974 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240403 IS - 1831-4732 (Electronic) IS - 1831-4732 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 8 DP - 2021 Aug TI - MegaNatural((R))-BP grape seed extract and maintenance of normal blood pressure: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. PG - e06776 LID - 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6776 [doi] LID - e06776 AB - Following an application from Praline i Cokolada j.d.o.o. submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Croatia, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to MegaNatural((R))-BP grape seed extract and maintenance of normal blood pressure. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim based on newly developed scientific evidence. MegaNatural((R))-BP, a grape seed extract standardised for total phenolics, gallic acid and the catechin and epicatechin content, is sufficiently characterised. The proposed claimed effect, maintenance of normal blood pressure (BP), is a beneficial physiological effect. Among the two human intervention studies provided from which conclusions could be drawn, one showed an effect of MegaNatural((R))-BP (300 mg/day) on BP in adults with normal and high normal BP when consumed daily for 6 weeks, whereas the second study did not show an effect of MegaNatural((R))-BP at the same daily dose consumed for 8 weeks in adults with normal and high normal blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension. The evidence provided did not establish a plausible mechanism by which the food could exert the claimed effect in vivo in humans. The evidence provided is insufficient to establish a cause and effect relationship between the consumption of MegaNatural((R))-BP and maintenance of normal blood pressure. CI - (c) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. CN - EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food allergens (NDA) LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210809 PL - United States TA - EFSA J JT - EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority JID - 101642076 PMC - PMC8350889 OTO - NOTNLM OT - MegaNatural(R)-BP OT - blood pressure OT - grape seed extract OT - health claim EDAT- 2021/08/18 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/18 06:01 PMCR- 2021/08/09 CRDT- 2021/08/17 07:28 PHST- 2021/08/17 07:28 [entrez] PHST- 2021/08/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/18 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/08/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - EFS26776 [pii] AID - 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6776 [doi] PST - epublish SO - EFSA J. 2021 Aug 9;19(8):e06776. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6776. eCollection 2021 Aug. PMID- 34356306 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210809 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 7 DP - 2021 Jul 3 TI - Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of Wine Lees Phenolic Compounds Is Mediated by Endothelial-Derived Factors: Role of Sirtuin 1. LID - 10.3390/antiox10071073 [doi] LID - 1073 AB - The antihypertensive effect of wine lees powder (WLPW) from a Cabernet grape variety was related to its high content in flavanols and anthocyanins compounds. This study investigates the involvement of endothelial-derived factors and SIRT1 in its bioactivity. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were orally administered water or WLPW (125 mg/kg bw). Posteriorly, both groups were intraperitoneally administered saline, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, a prostacyclin synthesis inhibitor, or sirtinol, an inhibitor of sirtuins. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded before and 6 h after WLPW administration. In an additional experiment, SHR were administered water or WLPW and endothelial expressions of eNos, Sirt1, Nox4, and Et1 were determined. The BP-lowering properties of WLPW were abolished by L-NAME and partially reduced by indomethacin, demonstrating that WLPW antihypertensive effect was mediated by changes in NO availability, although prostacyclin also contributed to this activity. Moreover, BP-lowering effect was reduced by sirtinol, indicating that WLPW decreased BP in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Furthermore, WLPW upregulated eNos and Sirt1 and downregulated Nox4 and Et1 endothelial gene expression. These results evidence the vasoprotective effect of WLPW and show that its antihypertensive effect in SHR is endothelium dependent and mediated by SIRT1. FAU - Lopez-Fernandez-Sobrino, Raul AU - Lopez-Fernandez-Sobrino R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2418-2123 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Soliz-Rueda, Jorge R AU - Soliz-Rueda JR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7307-8202 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Avila-Roman, Javier AU - Avila-Roman J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9766-8178 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Arola-Arnal, Anna AU - Arola-Arnal A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6529-1345 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Suarez, Manuel AU - Suarez M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0122-8253 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Muguerza, Begona AU - Muguerza B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7384-8588 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Bravo, Francisca Isabel AU - Bravo FI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6468-3088 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. LA - eng GR - RETOS COLABORACION: RTC-2017-6044-2/Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness/ GR - RETOS COLABORACION: RTC-2017-6044-2/European Regional Development Fund/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210703 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC8301028 OTO - NOTNLM OT - NADPH oxidase OT - endothelial function OT - endothelial nitric oxide synthase OT - endothelin-1 OT - spontaneously hypertensive rats COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/08/07 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/07 06:01 PMCR- 2021/07/03 CRDT- 2021/08/06 12:19 PHST- 2021/06/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/06/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/06/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/08/06 12:19 [entrez] PHST- 2021/08/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/07 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/07/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox10071073 [pii] AID - antioxidants-10-01073 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox10071073 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jul 3;10(7):1073. doi: 10.3390/antiox10071073. PMID- 34313801 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211123 LR - 20261010 IS - 1432-2072 (Electronic) IS - 0033-3158 (Linking) VI - 238 IP - 11 DP - 2021 Nov TI - The effects of the dopamine D2/3 agonist quinpirole on incentive value and palatability-based choice in a rodent model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PG - 3143-3153 LID - 10.1007/s00213-021-05931-7 [doi] AB - RATIONALE: Palatability and incentive value influence animal food choice. Dopamine D2/3 receptor signaling may mediate the effects of palatability and incentive value on choice. Dopamine signaling is disrupted in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Investigating behavioral choice processes under D2/3 receptor agonists will help elucidate behavioral and pharmacological correlates of ADHD. OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) how changes in incentive value affects choice of actions for outcomes that differ in palatability; (2) the effects of the D2/3 agonist quinpirole on choice based on palatability and incentive value; (3) how choice differs in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; ADHD model) compared with control strains. METHODS: Rats responded instrumentally for two food outcomes (chocolate and grain pellets) that differed in palatability. Following specific satiety of one outcome, rats underwent a choice test. Prior to the choice test, rats were given intra-peritoneal quinpirole (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) body weight. These manipulations were conducted in three strains of rats: SHR rats; the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls; and Wistar outbred (WIS) controls. RESULTS: All rat strains responded more vigorously for chocolate pellets compared with grain pellets. Quinpirole reduced the effects of palatability and dose-dependently increased the effects of incentive value on choice. SHR rats were the least influenced by incentive value, whereas WKY rats were the least influenced by palatability. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that D2/3 signaling modulates choice based on palatability and incentive value. Disruption of this process in SHR rats may mirror motivational impairments observed in ADHD. CI - (c) 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FAU - Natsheh, Joman Y AU - Natsheh JY AD - Children's Specialized Hospital Research Center, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. AD - Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine. AD - Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA. AD - Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA. FAU - Espinoza, Diego AU - Espinoza D AD - Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA. FAU - Bhimani, Shaznaan AU - Bhimani S AD - Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA. FAU - Shiflett, Michael William AU - Shiflett MW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3786-6102 AD - Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA. shiflett@rutgers.edu. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210727 PL - Germany TA - Psychopharmacology (Berl) JT - Psychopharmacology JID - 7608025 RN - 0 (Dopamine Agonists) RN - 20OP60125T (Quinpirole) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Dopamine MH - Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology MH - Motivation MH - Quinpirole/pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Rodentia OTO - NOTNLM OT - Action-control OT - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder OT - Dopamine OT - Goal-directed behavior OT - Habitual behavior OT - Incentive OT - Palatability OT - Quinpirole OT - Spontaneous hypertensive rats EDAT- 2021/07/28 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/24 06:00 CRDT- 2021/07/27 12:28 PHST- 2020/11/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/07/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/07/27 12:28 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00213-021-05931-7 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00213-021-05931-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Nov;238(11):3143-3153. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05931-7. Epub 2021 Jul 27. PMID- 34089280 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211026 LR - 20211026 IS - 1099-1573 (Electronic) IS - 0951-418X (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 10 DP - 2021 Oct TI - The effect of cocoa/dark chocolate consumption on lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure in diabetic patients: A meta-analysis of observational studies. PG - 5487-5501 LID - 10.1002/ptr.7183 [doi] AB - Due to the increasing rate of cardiovascular disease and related risk factors in the worldin recent decades, the present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effects ofcocoa/chocolate consumption on lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure control in diabetic patients. A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochran Library was performed up to July 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using cocoa/dark chocolate in diabetic patients were included in the study. The search results were limited to English-language publications. Eight RCTs, including 433 participants, were selected for this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis indicated a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-c levels (WMD: -15.49 mg/dl; 95% CI: -24.56, -6.42, p = .001) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations (WMD: -6.88 mg/dl; 95% CI: -13.28, -0.48, p = .03) following cocoa/dark chocolate consumption. The analysis of papers included in current study indicates that the consumption of cocoa/dark chocolate reduced the serum fasting blood glucose (FBS) and LDL cholesterol concentrations. However, further high quality trials are essential for confirming the clinical efficacy of cocoa/dark chocolate consumption on complete metabolic profile. CI - (c) 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Darand, Mina AU - Darand M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2636-0963 AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. FAU - Hajizadeh Oghaz, Masoomeh AU - Hajizadeh Oghaz M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3596-3654 AD - Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. FAU - Hadi, Amir AU - Hadi A AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. FAU - Atefi, Masoumeh AU - Atefi M AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. FAU - Amani, Reza AU - Amani R AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Review DEP - 20210605 PL - England TA - Phytother Res JT - Phytotherapy research : PTR JID - 8904486 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Lipids) SB - IM MH - Blood Glucose MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Chocolate MH - *Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy MH - Humans MH - Lipids MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa OT - dark chocolate OT - diabetic patients OT - lipid profile OT - meta-analysis EDAT- 2021/06/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/27 06:00 CRDT- 2021/06/05 08:34 PHST- 2021/04/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/07/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/05/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/06/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/06/05 08:34 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/ptr.7183 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytother Res. 2021 Oct;35(10):5487-5501. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7183. Epub 2021 Jun 5. PMID- 34065781 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210610 LR - 20210610 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 10 DP - 2021 May 12 TI - The Potential Role of Flavonoids in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Alleviation of Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. LID - 10.3390/ijms22105094 [doi] LID - 5094 AB - Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the major mortality risk factors among diabetic patients worldwide. It has been established that most of the cardiac structural and functional alterations in the diabetic cardiomyopathy condition resulted from the hyperglycemia-induced persistent oxidative stress in the heart, resulting in the maladaptive responses of inflammation and apoptosis. Flavonoids, the most abundant phytochemical in plants, have been reported to exhibit diverse therapeutic potential in medicine and other biological activities. Flavonoids have been widely studied for their effects in protecting the heart against diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. The potential of flavonoids in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy is mainly related with their remedial actions as anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agents. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of flavonoid treatments on diabetic cardiomyopathy as well as elucidating the mechanisms involved. FAU - Jubaidi, Fatin Farhana AU - Jubaidi FF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4164-4403 AD - Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. FAU - Zainalabidin, Satirah AU - Zainalabidin S AD - Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. FAU - Taib, Izatus Shima AU - Taib IS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9901-766X AD - Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. FAU - Hamid, Zariyantey Abd AU - Hamid ZA AD - Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. FAU - Budin, Siti Balkis AU - Budin SB AD - Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. LA - eng GR - FRGS/1/2019/STG03/UKM/01/3/Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20210512 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phytochemicals) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Apoptosis/drug effects MH - Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/drug therapy/*metabolism MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects/metabolism/physiology MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Phytochemicals/pharmacology/therapeutic use PMC - PMC8151300 OTO - NOTNLM OT - diastolic dysfunction OT - flavanol OT - flavone OT - flavonol OT - isoflavone OT - systolic dysfunction COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2021/06/03 06:00 MHDA- 2021/06/11 06:00 PMCR- 2021/05/12 CRDT- 2021/06/02 01:14 PHST- 2021/03/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/04/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/04/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/06/02 01:14 [entrez] PHST- 2021/06/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/06/11 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/05/12 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms22105094 [pii] AID - ijms-22-05094 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms22105094 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 12;22(10):5094. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105094. PMID- 33992261 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210805 LR - 20220531 IS - 1532-9283 (Electronic) IS - 1360-8592 (Linking) VI - 26 DP - 2021 Apr TI - The effects of pilates and flavanol-rich dark chocolate consumption on the total antioxidant capacity, glycemic control and BMI in diabetic females with neuropathy complications. PG - 294-299 LID - S1360-8592(20)30235-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.020 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Pilates is a type of exercise recommended to diabetic patients due to its health benefits. Dark chocolate is also well known for its antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study has been to compare the effects of regular Pilates and flavanol-rich dark chocolate consumption on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and BMI in diabetic females with peripheral neuropathy complications. METHODS: 36 diabetic patients enrolled in this single-blinded clinical trial. They were randomly allocated to the control (n = 12), Pilates and dark chocolate intake (n = 12), and Pilates and flavanol-free white chocolate (n = 12) groups. Two Pilates groups consumed 25 gr dark or white chocolate 10 min before each Pilates training session, three times per week, for 8 weeks. The control group consumed 25 gr of the same dark chocolate at a pre-determined time 3 times per week, without any regular exercise. Changes in TAC, BMI and FBG were then measured. RESULTS: Paired t-test analysis showed significant increases in the TAC status, as compared to the baseline in all groups (P /= 110 mmHg on D1 were significantly different from those of other consumers (D8: -6.55 +/- 5.96 versus -1.1 +/- 4.93 mmHg; p = 0.01; D22: -6.63 +/- 7.77 versus 0.35 +/- 5.58 mmHg; p = 0.01). In the subgroups with a DBP < 75 mmHg on D1, the mean DBP of the consumers was significantly lower than that of the controls on D8 (65 +/- 5 versus 69 +/- 6 mmHg; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In young black African men living in Cote d'Ivoire, regular consumption of cocoa resulted in a decrease in SBP and DBP. The decrease in SBP appeared to be greater the higher the baseline SBP was. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Siransy-Balayssac, Ouattara, Ahiboh, Youzan, Gouh, Yao, Ehouman, Dah and Bogui. FAU - Siransy-Balayssac, Edwige AU - Siransy-Balayssac E AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AD - Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yopougon, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Ouattara, Soualiho AU - Ouattara S AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Ahiboh, Hugues AU - Ahiboh H AD - Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Youzan, Toh Bi AU - Youzan TB AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Gouh, Fagnan Levy AU - Gouh FL AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Yao, Koffi Bertrand AU - Yao KB AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Ehouman, Mocket AU - Ehouman M AD - Olopam Pharma and Research & Development, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Dah, Cyrille Serges AU - Dah CS AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AD - Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. FAU - Bogui, Pascal AU - Bogui P AD - Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AD - Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yopougon, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210218 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Physiol JT - Frontiers in physiology JID - 101549006 PMC - PMC7930061 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Black African OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa OT - flavanols cocoa and arterial blood pressure OT - heart rate OT - young men COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/03/09 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/09 06:01 PMCR- 2021/02/18 CRDT- 2021/03/08 05:49 PHST- 2020/12/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/01/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/03/08 05:49 [entrez] PHST- 2021/03/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/09 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/02/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fphys.2021.634791 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Physiol. 2021 Feb 18;12:634791. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634791. eCollection 2021. PMID- 33672674 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210513 LR - 20210513 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 2 DP - 2021 Feb 20 TI - ACE Inhibitory and Antihypertensive Activities of Wine Lees and Relationship among Bioactivity and Phenolic Profile. LID - 10.3390/nu13020679 [doi] LID - 679 AB - Wine lees (WL) are by-products generated in the winemaking process. The aim of this study was to investigate the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) activity, and the blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of WL from individual grape varieties. The relationship among their activities and phenolic profiles was also studied. Three WL, from Cabernet, Mazuela, and Garnacha grape varieties, were firstly selected based on their ACEi properties. Their phenolic profiles were fully characterized by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Then, their potential antihypertensive effects were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). BP was recorded before and after their oral administrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h) at a dose of 5 mL/kg bw. Cabernet WL (CWL) exhibited a potent antihypertensive activity, similar to that obtained with the drug Captopril. This BP-lowering effect was related to the high amount of anthocyanins and flavanols present in these lees. In addition, a potential hypotensive effect of CWL was discarded in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Finally, the ACEi and antihypertensive activities of CWL coming from a different harvest were confirmed. Our results suggest the potential of CWL for controlling arterial BP, opening the door to commercial use within the wine industry. FAU - Lopez-Fernandez-Sobrino, Raul AU - Lopez-Fernandez-Sobrino R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2418-2123 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Soliz-Rueda, Jorge R AU - Soliz-Rueda JR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7307-8202 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Margalef, Maria AU - Margalef M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7932-9770 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Arola-Arnal, Anna AU - Arola-Arnal A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6529-1345 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Suarez, Manuel AU - Suarez M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0122-8253 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Bravo, Francisca I AU - Bravo FI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6468-3088 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Muguerza, Begona AU - Muguerza B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7384-8588 AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. LA - eng GR - AEI-010300-2013-254/Spanish Centre for the Development of industrial Technology (CDTI)/ GR - RETOS COLABORACION: RTC-2017-6044-2/Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)/ GR - AEI-010500-2014-201/Spanish Centre for the Development of industrial Technology (CDTI)/ GR - AEI-010500-2015-328/Spanish Centre for the Development of industrial Technology (CDTI)/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210220 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 9G64RSX1XD (Captopril) SB - IM MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Captopril/pharmacology MH - Hypertension/drug therapy MH - Male MH - Polyphenols/*pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Vitis/*chemistry MH - *Wine PMC - PMC7924335 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cabernet grape variety OT - SHR OT - blood pressure OT - hypertension OT - polyphenols OT - winery by-product COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/14 06:00 PMCR- 2021/02/20 CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:14 PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/02/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/02/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/03/06 01:14 [entrez] PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/02/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu13020679 [pii] AID - nutrients-13-00679 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu13020679 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2021 Feb 20;13(2):679. doi: 10.3390/nu13020679. PMID- 33667331 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210901 LR - 20211126 IS - 1421-9778 (Electronic) IS - 1015-8987 (Print) IS - 1015-8987 (Linking) VI - 55 IP - S3 DP - 2021 Mar 6 TI - KCNQ5 Potassium Channel Activation Underlies Vasodilation by Tea. PG - 46-64 LID - 10.33594/000000337 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tea, produced from the evergreen Camellia sinensis, has reported therapeutic properties against multiple pathologies, including hypertension. Although some studies validate the health benefits of tea, few have investigated the molecular mechanisms of action. The KCNQ5 voltage-gated potassium channel contributes to vascular smooth muscle tone and neuronal M-current regulation. METHODS: We applied electrophysiology, myography, mass spectrometry and in silico docking to determine effects and their underlying molecular mechanisms of tea and its components on KCNQ channels and arterial tone. RESULTS: A 1% green tea extract (GTE) hyperpolarized cells by augmenting KCNQ5 activity >20-fold at resting potential; similar effects of black tea were inhibited by milk. In contrast, GTE had lesser effects on KCNQ2/Q3 and inhibited KCNQ1/E1. Tea polyphenols epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), but not epicatechin or epigallocatechin, isoform-selectively hyperpolarized KCNQ5 activation voltage dependence. In silico docking and mutagenesis revealed that activation by ECG requires KCNQ5-R212, at the voltage sensor foot. Strikingly, ECG and EGCG but not epicatechin KCNQ-dependently relaxed rat mesenteric arteries. CONCLUSION: KCNQ5 activation contributes to vasodilation by tea; ECG and EGCG are candidates for future anti-hypertensive drug development. CI - (c) Copyright by the Author(s). Published by Cell Physiol Biochem Press. FAU - Redford, Kaitlyn E AU - Redford KE AD - Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. FAU - Rognant, Salome AU - Rognant S AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vascular Biology Group, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Jepps, Thomas A AU - Jepps TA AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vascular Biology Group, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Abbott, Geoffrey W AU - Abbott GW AD - Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, abbottg@hs.uci.edu. LA - eng GR - GM130377/NIGMS (National Institute of General Medical Sciences)/United States GR - R35 GM130377/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - T32NS045540/NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)/United States GR - R323-2018-3674/Lundbeck Foundation/Denmark GR - T32 NS045540/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States GR - 9039-00409A/Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond/Denmark PT - Journal Article PL - Germany TA - Cell Physiol Biochem JT - Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology JID - 9113221 RN - 0 (KCNQ Potassium Channels) RN - 0 (KCNQ1 Potassium Channel) RN - 0 (Kcnq1 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Kcnq5 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Protein Isoforms) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 92587OVD8Z (epicatechin gallate) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Binding Sites MH - Catechin/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology MH - KCNQ Potassium Channels/agonists/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism MH - KCNQ1 Potassium Channel/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism MH - Male MH - Membrane Potentials/drug effects/physiology MH - Mesenteric Arteries/*drug effects/physiology MH - Milk/chemistry MH - Molecular Docking Simulation MH - Myography MH - Oocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism MH - Patch-Clamp Techniques MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical MH - Protein Conformation, beta-Strand MH - Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Tea/*chemistry MH - Tissue Culture Techniques MH - Vasodilation/drug effects/physiology MH - Xenopus laevis PMC - PMC8612027 MID - NIHMS1756637 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Green tea; Hypotensive; IKS; KCNQ; Kv7; Polyphenol COIS- The authors have no conflicts to disclose. EDAT- 2021/03/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/02 06:00 PMCR- 2021/11/24 CRDT- 2021/03/05 17:09 PHST- 2020/11/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/03/05 17:09 [entrez] PHST- 2021/03/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/11/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.33594/000000337 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cell Physiol Biochem. 2021 Mar 6;55(S3):46-64. doi: 10.33594/000000337. PMID- 33542794 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210206 IS - 1976-1457 (Print) IS - 2005-6168 (Electronic) IS - 1976-1457 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 1 DP - 2021 Feb TI - Chocolate consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Korean adult population: an analysis based on the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PG - 80-94 LID - 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.1.80 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported chocolate consumption has beneficial effects on blood pressure, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, evidence regarding these relationships in Asia is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate relations between chocolate consumption and MetS in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Study subjects were 6,982 adults aged 19-64 years free of major chronic diseases that participated in the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Information on chocolate consumption was obtained using food frequency questionnaires. For primary analysis, subjects were divided into two groups: non-consumer (n = 3,741, 53.6%); consumer (n = 3,241, 46.4%). In order to investigate dose-response effects on MetS, chocolate consumers were divided into quartiles based on amounts consumed: Q1 (n = 789, 24.3%); Q2 (n = 837, 25.8%); Q3 (n = 863, 26.6%); Q4 (n = 752, 23.2%) in second analysis. RESULTS: Chocolate consumers; 1) were more physically active(P < 0.0001); 2) less likely to smoke(P < 0.0001); 3) paid more attention to food nutrition labels (P < 0.0001), and 4) had healthier dietary patterns, that is, they consumed vegetables, fruits, and dairy products more frequently(P < 0.0001) than non-consumers. Furthermore, chocolate consumers had a 30% lower risk of MetS (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.86; P = 0.0005). However, dose-response effects between chocolate intake and MetS was not found by secondary analysis after excluding non-consumers. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, chocolate consumers had healthier lifestyles and dietary patterns and a lower prevalence of MetS than non-consumers, as determined by our primary analysis. Although dose-response effects were not found to be significant among chocolate consumers during secondary analysis, the patterns were partially similar. This cross-sectional finding shows chocolate consumption does not increase the risk of MetS. The prospective studies and intervention trials in Korea are needed to confirm this cross-sectional finding. CI - (c)2021 The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition. FAU - Kim, NaRae AU - Kim N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3673-1388 AD - Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. FAU - Jeon, Min-Sun AU - Jeon MS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3396-5939 AD - Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200615 PL - Korea (South) TA - Nutr Res Pract JT - Nutrition research and practice JID - 101311052 PMC - PMC7838477 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - Republic of Korea OT - epidemiologic studies OT - metabolic syndrome COIS- Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interests. EDAT- 2021/02/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/06 06:01 PMCR- 2021/02/01 CRDT- 2021/02/05 05:59 PHST- 2020/02/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/03/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/05/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/02/05 05:59 [entrez] PHST- 2021/02/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/06 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.1.80 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Res Pract. 2021 Feb;15(1):80-94. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.1.80. Epub 2020 Jun 15. PMID- 33516394 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210928 LR - 20210928 IS - 1877-9190 (Electronic) IS - 1877-9182 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 1 DP - 2021 Mar TI - Social Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation. PG - 165-172 LID - S1877-9182(20)30110-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.10.008 [doi] AB - Modifiable risk factor management is becoming one of the 3 treatment pillars in atrial fibrillation management along with anticoagulation as well as conventional rate and rhythm control strategies. Preventive therapies, such as reducing blood pressure and treating obstructive sleep apnea, are paramount in the strategy of preventing atrial fibrillation. Identification of new modifiable risk factors and triggers also could help in the global strategy to reduce atrial fibrillation. This article covers alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, caffeine, chocolate, cannabis use, and air pollution as social risk factors related to lifestyle habits that potentially could contribute to atrial fibrillation development. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Klein, Andres AU - Klein A AD - Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada. FAU - Shenasa, Mohammad AU - Shenasa M AD - Department of Cardiovascular Services, Heart and Rhythm Medical Group, 18324 Twin Creeks Road, Monte Sereno, CA 95030, USA. FAU - Baranchuk, Adrian AU - Baranchuk A AD - Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: Adrian.Baranchuk@kingstonhsc.ca. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Card Electrophysiol Clin JT - Cardiac electrophysiology clinics JID - 101549998 SB - IM MH - *Atrial Fibrillation MH - Diet MH - *Heart Disease Risk Factors MH - Humans MH - *Life Style MH - Smoking OTO - NOTNLM OT - Atrial fibrillation OT - Prevention OT - Social risk factors COIS- Disclosure The authors have nothing to disclose. EDAT- 2021/02/01 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:00 CRDT- 2021/01/31 20:23 PHST- 2021/01/31 20:23 [entrez] PHST- 2021/02/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [medline] AID - S1877-9182(20)30110-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.10.008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021 Mar;13(1):165-172. doi: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.10.008. PMID- 33381795 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210308 LR - 20230214 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 113 IP - 2 DP - 2021 Feb 2 TI - Eucaloric diets enriched in palm olein, cocoa butter, and soybean oil did not differentially affect liver fat concentration in healthy participants: a 16-week randomized controlled trial. PG - 324-337 LID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa347 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Effects of dietary fat quality on liver fat remain to be elucidated. Inconsistent evidence may be influenced by fatty acid saturation, chain-length, and regio-specificity within triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare eucaloric diets enriched in palm olein (POo), cocoa butter (COB), and soybean oil (SBO) on liver fat concentration in healthy participants. Secondary outcomes included visceral (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (aSCAT) adipose tissue, plus other obesity and cardiometabolic health outcomes. METHODS: Eighty-three healthy participants (20-45 y, BMI 18.5-27.5 kg/m2) commenced and 64 completed a 16-wk randomized parallel intervention, preceded by a 2-wk run-in. Participants consumed identical eucaloric background diets differing in test fats [contributing 20% total energy intake (%E)], providing 33%E total fat with the following ratios for PUFAs/SFAs/MUFAs: POo, 4.2/13.5/15%E; SBO, 14.4/8.8/9.4%E; COB, 2.3/19.5/11%E. Liver fat and abdominal adiposity were measured at weeks 0 and 16 using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging; all other outcomes were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk. RESULTS: Fat quality did not affect liver fat concentration, VAT, aSCAT, obesity indexes, blood pressure, liver enzymes, leptin, or fasting glucose. Body fat mass decreased with SBO and COB compared with POo. SBO decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and TC:HDL cholesterol relative to POo [estimated marginal mean (95% CI) differences: -0.57 (-0.94, -0.20) mmol/L; -0.37 (-0.68, -0.07) mmol/L; and -0.42 (-0.73, -0.11) mmol/L, respectively]. No diet differences were observed on HDL cholesterol, TAG, apoA1, apoB, apoB:apoA1, or fecal free fatty acids (FFAs), except for lower FFA pentadecanoic acid (15:0) with COB than with SBO and POo. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy adults, when consumed as part of eucaloric typical Australian diets, 3 different dietary fat sources did not differentially affect liver fat concentration and amounts of adipose tissue. Effects on serum lipids were inconsistent across lipid profiles. The findings must be confirmed in metabolically impaired individuals before recommendations can be made. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Stonehouse, Welma AU - Stonehouse W AD - Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - Sergi, Domenico AU - Sergi D AD - Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - Benassi-Evans, Bianca AU - Benassi-Evans B AD - Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - James-Martin, Genevieve AU - James-Martin G AD - Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - Johnson, Nathan AU - Johnson N AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. AD - Boden Collaboration of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. FAU - Thompson, Campbell H AU - Thompson CH AD - Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - Abeywardena, Mahinda AU - Abeywardena M AD - Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified) RN - 512OYT1CRR (cocoa butter) RN - 5QUO05548Z (Palm Oil) RN - 8001-22-7 (Soybean Oil) SB - IM MH - Adipose Tissue/*metabolism MH - Adult MH - Dietary Fats/administration & dosage/analysis/*pharmacology MH - *Energy Intake MH - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/chemistry/metabolism MH - Feces/chemistry MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Liver/*drug effects MH - Male MH - Palm Oil/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Soybean Oil/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa butter OT - fecal fat OT - liver fat OT - palm olein OT - polyunsaturated fatty acids OT - regio-specificity OT - saturated fatty acids OT - soybean oil OT - subcutaneous adipose tissue OT - visceral adipose tissue EDAT- 2021/01/01 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/09 06:00 CRDT- 2020/12/31 05:28 PHST- 2020/07/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/10/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/12/31 05:28 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(22)00591-3 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa347 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Feb 2;113(2):324-337. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa347. PMID- 33368458 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210708 LR - 20210708 IS - 1745-4514 (Electronic) IS - 0145-8884 (Linking) VI - 45 IP - 2 DP - 2021 Feb TI - Macrotyloma uniflorum a plant food alleviates the metabolic syndrome through modulation of adipokines and PPARs. PG - e13595 LID - 10.1111/jfbc.13595 [doi] AB - A sedentary lifestyle combined with the intake of high-calorie diet has been the paramount cause of metabolic syndrome (MS) which is now a serious concern of public health worldwide as it involves the coexistence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity. Hence, identifying a suitable strategy to overcome the worldwide menace of MS is imperative. Macrotyloma uniflorum a lesser known legume is highly nutritious and notable for its ethano-medicinal potential. Herein, the influence of M. uniflorum in high-fat dietinduced metabolic changes in a rodent model of metabolic syndrome was evaluated. Serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-c, and bodyweight were decreased, whereas HDL-c was increased in M. uniflorum-treated MS rats. The protein expression (AMPK-alpha, PPAR-alpha, and PPAR-gamma) and gene expression (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, UCP2, NF-kappaB, and IL-6) results are impressive to highlight that M. uniflorum modulates the pathological conditions of MS and proves to be cardioprotective. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis confirmed the pathological changes and substantiates the influence of M. uniflorum to overcome MS. The HPLC and GC (MS) profiling reveals the presence of an array of polyphenols such as rutin (694.61 mug/g), catechin (500.12 mug/g), epicatechin (158.10 mug/g), gallic acid (17.98 mug/g), ferulic acid (10.911 mug/g), daidzein (6.51 mug/g), and PUFA, respectively, which probably exhibits the therapeutic effect on MS and associated complications by modulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Metabolic disorders like CVD and diabetes are leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. With emerging issues on adverse effects of modern drugs, the emphasis on "Food is Medicine and Medicine as Food" has taken dramatic dimensions in the healthcare sector. Therefore, nutraceuticals are in great demand in the developed world off late. Legumes, are potent elements in a balanced diet next to cereals. Exploring the medicinal properties of legumes could bring a revolution in public health and nutraceutical industries. This study scientifically validated the phytochemicals in M. uniflorum for its functional potential in the management of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). This study would help the nutraceutical industries to develop functional foods using M. uniflorum seeds to make porridges and soups or nutraceutical supplements with the bioflavonoids isolated from M. uniflorum for the management of metabolic disorders by mitigating hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CI - (c) 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - R, Malarvizhi AU - R M AD - Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India. FAU - Mani, Sugumar AU - Mani S AD - Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India. FAU - Sali, Veeresh K AU - Sali VK AD - Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India. FAU - Bhardwaj, Meenakshi AU - Bhardwaj M AD - Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India. FAU - Vasanthi, Hannah R AU - Vasanthi HR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6804-8332 AD - Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20201223 PL - United States TA - J Food Biochem JT - Journal of food biochemistry JID - 7706045 RN - 0 (Adipokines) SB - IM MH - Adipokines MH - Animals MH - Dietary Supplements MH - *Fabaceae MH - *Metabolic Syndrome MH - Obesity MH - Rats OTO - NOTNLM OT - AMPK OT - M. uniflorum OT - PPAR OT - brown fat OT - metabolic syndrome EDAT- 2020/12/29 06:00 MHDA- 2021/07/09 06:00 CRDT- 2020/12/28 12:28 PHST- 2020/08/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/11/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/11/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/12/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/07/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/12/28 12:28 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jfbc.13595 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Food Biochem. 2021 Feb;45(2):e13595. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13595. Epub 2020 Dec 23. PMID- 33266002 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210503 LR - 20250130 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 12 DP - 2020 Nov 30 TI - Effects of Cocoa Polyphenols and Dark Chocolate on Obese Adults: A Scoping Review. LID - 10.3390/nu12123695 [doi] LID - 3695 AB - Obesity remains a major public health problem due to its increasing prevalence. Natural products have become common as adjunct therapeutic agents for treating obesity and preventing metabolic diseases. Cocoa and its products are commonly consumed worldwide. Dark chocolate, a rich source of polyphenols, has received attention lately for its beneficial role in the management of obesity; however, conflicting results are still being reported. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing literature on the relationship and effects of cocoa and dark chocolate intake among obese adults. We searched multiple databases for research investigating the consumption of cocoa and/or dark chocolate in managing obesity among adults. This review includes epidemiological and human studies that were published in English over the last 10 years. Our review of the current literature indicates that epidemiological and human trials with obese adults have shown inconsistent results, which may be due to the different populations of subjects, and different types of cocoa products and doses used for intervention. Studies among obese adults are mainly focusing on obese individuals with comorbidities, as such more studies are needed to elucidate the role of cocoa polyphenols in weight control and preventing the risk of chronic diseases among obese individuals without comorbidities as well as healthy individuals. Careful adjustment of confounding factors would be required. The effects of cocoa and dark chocolate intake on obese adults were discussed, and further research is warranted to identify the gaps. FAU - Halib, Hasmiza AU - Halib H AD - Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. AD - School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia. FAU - Ismail, Amin AU - Ismail A AD - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. AD - Research Center of Excellent (RCoE) Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. FAU - Mohd Yusof, Barakatun-Nisak AU - Mohd Yusof BN AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0403-5895 AD - Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. AD - Research Center of Excellent (RCoE) Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. FAU - Osakabe, Naomi AU - Osakabe N AD - Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-5780, Japan. FAU - Mat Daud, Zulfitri Azuan AU - Mat Daud ZA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4017-107X AD - Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. AD - Research Center of Excellent (RCoE) Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Scoping Review DEP - 20201130 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Mass Index MH - Body Weight MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Chocolate/*analysis MH - Flavonoids/analysis/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Obesity/*prevention & control MH - Observational Studies as Topic MH - Polyphenols/*analysis/*pharmacology MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Waist Circumference PMC - PMC7760201 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa OT - dark chocolate OT - flavanols OT - obese adults OT - obesity OT - polyphenols COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/12/04 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/04 06:00 PMCR- 2020/11/30 CRDT- 2020/12/03 01:05 PHST- 2020/10/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/11/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/11/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/12/03 01:05 [entrez] PHST- 2020/12/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu12123695 [pii] AID - nutrients-12-03695 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu12123695 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2020 Nov 30;12(12):3695. doi: 10.3390/nu12123695. PMID- 33265948 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210503 LR - 20210503 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 12 DP - 2020 Nov 30 TI - Effect of Cocoa and Cocoa Products on Cognitive Performance in Young Adults. LID - 10.3390/nu12123691 [doi] LID - 3691 AB - Increasing evidence support a beneficial role of cocoa and cocoa products on human cognition, particularly in aging populations and patients at risk. However, thorough reviews on the efficacy of cocoa on brain processes in young adults do not exist precisely due to the limited number of studies in the matter. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the findings on the acute and chronic effects of cocoa administration on cognitive functions and brain health in young adults. Web of Science and PubMed databases were used to search for relevant trials. Human randomized controlled studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven intervention studies that involved a total of 366 participants investigating the role of cocoa on cognitive performance in children and young adults (average age 400 g/day) of dairy products was also associated with excess risk. Although overall fish and seafood consumption showed no association with EOD risk, we found a U-shaped relation with preserved/tinned fish, and an inverse relation with other fish. Similarly, vegetables (especially leafy) showed a strong inverse association above 100 g/day, as did citrus and dry fruits. Overall, sweet consumption was not associated with EOD risk, while dry cake and ice-cream showed a positive relation and chocolate products an inverse one. For beverages, we found no relation with EOD risk apart from a U-shaped relation for coffee consumption. Concerning dietary patterns, EOD risk linearly decreased with the increasing adherence to the MIND pattern. On the other hand, an inverse association for the Greek-Mediterranean and DASH diets emerged only at very high adherence levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the association between dietary factors and EOD risk, and suggests that adherence to the MIND dietary pattern may decrease such risk. FAU - Filippini, Tommaso AU - Filippini T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2100-0344 AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Adani, Giorgia AU - Adani G AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Malavolti, Marcella AU - Malavolti M AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Garuti, Caterina AU - Garuti C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6242-531X AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Cilloni, Silvia AU - Cilloni S AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Vinceti, Giulia AU - Vinceti G AD - Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy. AD - Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy. FAU - Zamboni, Giovanna AU - Zamboni G AD - Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy. AD - Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy. FAU - Tondelli, Manuela AU - Tondelli M AD - Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy. AD - Primary care Department, Modena Local Health Authority, 41124 Modena, Italy. FAU - Galli, Chiara AU - Galli C AD - Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy. AD - Primary care Department, Modena Local Health Authority, 41124 Modena, Italy. AD - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NeuroFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy. FAU - Costa, Manuela AU - Costa M AD - Neurology Unit of Carpi Hospital, Modena Local Health Authority, 41012 Carpi, Italy. FAU - Chiari, Annalisa AU - Chiari A AD - Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy. FAU - Vinceti, Marco AU - Vinceti M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0551-2473 AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA. LA - eng GR - Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022, MIUR, Italy/Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca/ GR - not applicable/Airalzh ONLUS & Coop Italia./ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20201129 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 SB - IM MH - Age of Onset MH - Aged MH - Alzheimer Disease/*epidemiology/etiology MH - Beverages MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Dairy Products MH - Dementia/*epidemiology/etiology MH - *Diet MH - Diet, Mediterranean MH - Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Frontotemporal Dementia/*epidemiology/etiology MH - Fruit MH - Humans MH - Italy MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Regression Analysis MH - Risk Factors MH - Seafood MH - Snacks MH - Vegetables PMC - PMC7760835 OTO - NOTNLM OT - DASH diet OT - MIND diet OT - Mediterranean diet OT - dietary habits OT - early-onset dementia OT - prevention OT - risk COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/12/03 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/13 06:00 PMCR- 2020/11/29 CRDT- 2020/12/02 01:00 PHST- 2020/10/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/11/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/12/02 01:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/12/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/11/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu12123682 [pii] AID - nutrients-12-03682 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu12123682 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2020 Nov 29;12(12):3682. doi: 10.3390/nu12123682. PMID- 33233072 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210514 LR - 20210514 IS - 1873-7145 (Electronic) IS - 0963-9969 (Linking) VI - 137 DP - 2020 Nov TI - Lead exposure in an Italian population: Food content, dietary intake and risk assessment. PG - 109370 LID - S0963-9969(20)30395-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109370 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal released into the environment after natural and anthropogenic activities. Excluding populations in occupations where there is possible lead contamination, food is the major source of human exposure. In this study, we determined lead contamination in food and beverages consumed in a Northern Italy community and performed a health risk assessment. METHODS: We collected a total of 908 food samples and measured lead levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the dietary habits and estimated daily lead dietary intakes in a sample of 719 adult individuals. We performed risk assessment using a benchmark dose and margin of exposure approach, based on exposure levels for both adverse effect of systolic blood pressure and chronic kidney disease. RESULTS: Foods with the highest lead levels include non-chocolate confectionery (48.7 microg/kg), leafy (39.0 microg/kg) and other vegetables (42.2 microg/kg), and crustaceans and molluscs (39.0 microg/kg). The estimated mean lead intake was 0.155 microg/kg bw-day in all subjects, with little lower intakes in men (0.151 microg/kg bw-day) compared to women (0.157 microg/kg bw-day). Top food contributors were vegetables, cereals, and beverages, particularly wine. In relation to risk assessment, the estimated dietary intake was lower than levels associated with cardiovascular risk and nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides an updated assessment of lead food contamination and dietary exposure in a Northern Italian community. The margin of exposure risk assessment approach suggests that risk of detrimental effects due to dietary lead intake is low in the investigated population. Nonetheless, these exposure levels for adverse effects are not reference health standards, and no safety threshold value can be established for lead. As a consequence, other and more subtle adverse effects may still occur in vulnerable and occupationally exposed individuals, particularly in relation to the nervous system. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Malavolti, Marcella AU - Malavolti M AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Fairweather-Tait, Susan J AU - Fairweather-Tait SJ AD - Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK. FAU - Malagoli, Carlotta AU - Malagoli C AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Vescovi, Luciano AU - Vescovi L AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy. FAU - Vinceti, Marco AU - Vinceti M AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, 02118 Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: marco.vinceti@unimore.it. FAU - Filippini, Tommaso AU - Filippini T AD - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200602 PL - Canada TA - Food Res Int JT - Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) JID - 9210143 RN - 2P299V784P (Lead) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Eating MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Italy MH - *Lead MH - Male MH - Risk Assessment MH - *Vegetables OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dietary intake OT - Food contamination OT - Lead OT - Margin of exposure OT - Risk assessment EDAT- 2020/11/26 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/15 06:00 CRDT- 2020/11/25 01:01 PHST- 2020/03/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/04/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/05/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/11/25 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2020/11/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0963-9969(20)30395-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109370 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109370. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109370. Epub 2020 Jun 2. PMID- 33218062 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210308 LR - 20240804 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 22 DP - 2020 Nov 18 TI - A Novel Promising Frontier for Human Health: The Beneficial Effects of Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular Diseases. LID - 10.3390/ijms21228706 [doi] LID - 8706 AB - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes are a significant public health problem worldwide. Although several novel pharmacological treatments to reduce the progression of CVDs have been discovered during the last 20 years, the better way to contain the onset of CVDs remains prevention. In this regard, nutraceuticals seem to own a great potential in maintaining human health, exerting important protective cardiovascular effects. In the last years, there has been increased focus on identifying natural compounds with cardiovascular health-promoting effects and also to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. Although many review articles have focused on the individual natural compound impact on cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this manuscript was to examine the role of the most studied nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol, cocoa, quercetin, curcumin, brassica, berberine and Spirulina platensis, on different CVDs. FAU - Carrizzo, Albino AU - Carrizzo A AD - Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy. FAU - Izzo, Carmine AU - Izzo C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8499-5428 AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy. FAU - Forte, Maurizio AU - Forte M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0739-0534 AD - Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. FAU - Sommella, Eduardo AU - Sommella E AD - Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy. FAU - Di Pietro, Paola AU - Di Pietro P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1327-1961 AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy. FAU - Venturini, Eleonora AU - Venturini E AD - Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. FAU - Ciccarelli, Michele AU - Ciccarelli M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2379-1960 AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy. FAU - Galasso, Gennaro AU - Galasso G AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy. FAU - Rubattu, Speranza AU - Rubattu S AD - Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. AD - Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Ospedale S.Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy. FAU - Campiglia, Petro AU - Campiglia P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1069-2181 AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy. FAU - Sciarretta, Sebastiano AU - Sciarretta S AD - Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. AD - Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy. FAU - Frati, Giacomo AU - Frati G AD - Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. AD - Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy. FAU - Vecchione, Carmine AU - Vecchione C AD - Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20201118 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Biological Products) RN - 0I8Y3P32UF (Berberine) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) RN - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin) RN - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol) RN - Arthrospira platensis SB - IM MH - Berberine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use MH - Biological Products/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use MH - Brassica/chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*drug therapy MH - Curcumin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Health/*standards MH - Quercetin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use MH - Resveratrol/administration & dosage/therapeutic use MH - Spirulina/chemistry PMC - PMC7698807 OTO - NOTNLM OT - CVDs OT - Spirulina platensis OT - berberine OT - brassica OT - cocoa OT - curcumin OT - quercetin OT - resveratrol COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/11/22 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/09 06:00 PMCR- 2020/11/01 CRDT- 2020/11/21 01:01 PHST- 2020/10/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/11/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/11/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/11/21 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2020/11/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms21228706 [pii] AID - ijms-21-08706 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms21228706 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 18;21(22):8706. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228706. PMID- 33190575 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220602 LR - 20220609 IS - 1476-8305 (Electronic) IS - 1028-415X (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 6 DP - 2022 Jun TI - Effects of cocoa-rich chocolate on cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. A randomised clinical trial. PG - 1147-1158 LID - 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1840119 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate (99%) to the habitual diet on cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Following a randomised controlled parallel clinical trial, a total of 140 postmenopausal women aged 50-64 were recruited. The intervention group (n = 73) consumed daily 10 g of chocolate (99% cocoa) in addition to their usual food intake for 6 months, whereas the control group (n = 67) did not receive any intervention. Attention and executive functions, verbal memory, working memory, phonological fluency, category fluency and clinical variables were assessed at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: Trail Making Test B execution time showed a decreased of -12.08 s (95% CI: -23.99, -0.18; p = 0.047) in the intervention group compared to the control group, after adjusting for age, educational level, time elapsed from the beginning of menopause and daily energy consumption (Cohen's d = -0.343). Attention, immediate or delayed verbal memory, phonological or category fluency, and working memory remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of cocoa-rich (99%) chocolate in addition to the habitual diet could be related to a slight improvement in cognitive performance regarding cognitive flexibility and processing speed in postmenopausal women, with no changes in the rest of the cognitive performance variables evaluated.Trial registration: This clinical trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03492983. FAU - Garcia-Yu, Irene A AU - Garcia-Yu IA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2292-3802 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Ortiz, Luis AU - Garcia-Ortiz L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6555-8302 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas y del Diagnostico, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gomez-Marcos, Manuel A AU - Gomez-Marcos MA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0133-6123 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Sanchez, Emiliano AU - Rodriguez-Sanchez E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3667-7155 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Mora-Simon, Sara AU - Mora-Simon S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2772-6971 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Psicologia Basica, Psicobiologia y Metodologia de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Maderuelo-Fernandez, Jose A AU - Maderuelo-Fernandez JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7544-8684 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Recio-Rodriguez, Jose I AU - Recio-Rodriguez JI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3772-8746 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03492983 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20201115 PL - England TA - Nutr Neurosci JT - Nutritional neuroscience JID - 100892202 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - *Chocolate/analysis MH - Cognition MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - Postmenopause OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - attention OT - cognition OT - executive function OT - memory OT - polyphenols OT - postmenopause EDAT- 2020/11/17 06:00 MHDA- 2022/06/03 06:00 CRDT- 2020/11/16 05:25 PHST- 2020/11/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/06/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/11/16 05:25 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1840119 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Neurosci. 2022 Jun;25(6):1147-1158. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1840119. Epub 2020 Nov 15. PMID- 33161442 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210714 LR - 20261012 IS - 1436-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1436-6207 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 5 DP - 2021 Aug TI - Association between flavonoid intake and risk of hypertension in two cohorts of Australian women: a longitudinal study. PG - 2507-2519 LID - 10.1007/s00394-020-02424-9 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Epidemiological evidence suggests higher dietary flavonoid intake is associated with lower risk of several chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between intake of flavonoids and their subclasses, and incidence of hypertension among Australian women in two age cohorts. METHODS: This population-based study included 6599 middle-aged (52.5 +/- 1.5 years) and 6099 reproductive-aged (27.5 +/- 1.5 years) women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Food frequency questionnaires were used to quantify intake of flavonoids by cross-referencing with the Phenol-Explorer food composition database. Generalised Estimating Equation analyses investigated associations with incident hypertension, adjusting for demographic and dietary variables and hypertension risk factors. RESULTS: There were 1645 cases (24.9%) of hypertension during 15 years follow-up in the middle-aged cohort and 336 cases (5.5%) during 12 years follow-up in the reproductive-aged cohort. Higher intakes of flavones [adjusted relative risk (ARR) for quintile 5 vs. 1: 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.97], isoflavones (0.86, 0.75-0.99) and flavanones (0.83, 0.69-1.00) were associated with a lower risk of hypertension in the middle-aged cohort. In the reproductive-aged cohort, higher intakes of flavanols (0.70, 0.49-0.99) were associated with a lower risk of hypertension. Key foods that provided these flavonoids were oranges, orange juice, apples, red wine and soy milk. CONCLUSION: Higher intakes of total flavonoids and subclasses were associated with a lower risk of hypertension in Australian women. These findings can be used in nutrition messaging and policies for improved cardiovascular health of women. CI - (c) 2020. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FAU - do Rosario, Vinicius A AU - do Rosario VA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7613-9397 AD - School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. vadr998@uowmail.edu.au. FAU - Schoenaker, Danielle A J M AU - Schoenaker DAJM AD - School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. AD - Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. FAU - Kent, Katherine AU - Kent K AD - Centre of Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston , TAS, 7248, Australia. FAU - Weston-Green, Katrina AU - Weston-Green K AD - School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. AD - Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. AD - Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. FAU - Charlton, Karen AU - Charlton K AD - School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20201107 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Nutr JT - European journal of nutrition JID - 100888704 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Australia/epidemiology MH - Diet MH - Female MH - *Flavonoids MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/epidemiology MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - Cohort OT - Flavonoid OT - Hypertension OT - Polyphenols EDAT- 2020/11/09 06:00 MHDA- 2021/07/15 06:00 CRDT- 2020/11/08 20:37 PHST- 2020/05/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/10/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/11/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/07/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/11/08 20:37 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00394-020-02424-9 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00394-020-02424-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Nutr. 2021 Aug;60(5):2507-2519. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02424-9. Epub 2020 Nov 7. PMID- 33087825 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210408 LR - 20261001 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Oct 21 TI - Biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake is associated with lower blood pressure in cross-sectional analysis in EPIC Norfolk. PG - 17964 LID - 10.1038/s41598-020-74863-7 [doi] LID - 17964 AB - Flavan-3-ols are a group of bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve vascular function in intervention studies. They are therefore of great interest for the development of dietary recommendation for the prevention of cardio-vascular diseases. However, there are currently no reliable data from observational studies, as the high variability in the flavan-3-ol content of food makes it difficult to estimate actual intake without nutritional biomarkers. In this study, we investigated cross-sectional associations between biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake and blood pressure and other CVD risk markers, as well as longitudinal associations with CVD risk in 25,618 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) Norfolk cohort. High flavan-3-ol intake, achievable as part of an habitual diet, was associated with a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (- 1.9 (- 2.7; - 1.1) mmHg in men and - 2.5 (- 3.3; - 1.8) mmHg in women; lowest vs highest decile of biomarker), comparable to adherence to a Mediterranean Diet or moderate salt reduction. Subgroup analyses showed that hypertensive participants had stronger inverse association between flavan-3-ol biomarker and systolic blood pressure when compared to normotensive participants. Flavanol intake could therefore have a role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health on a population scale. FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI AD - Mars, Inc., McLean, VA, USA. FAU - Britten, Abigail AU - Britten A AD - MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Lucarelli, Debora AU - Lucarelli D AD - MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Luben, Robert AU - Luben R AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Mulligan, Angela A AU - Mulligan AA AD - MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Lentjes, Marleen A AU - Lentjes MA AD - School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden. FAU - Fong, Reedmond AU - Fong R AD - Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA. FAU - Gray, Nicola AU - Gray N AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. FAU - Grace, Philip B AU - Grace PB AD - LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, UK. FAU - Mawson, Deborah H AU - Mawson DH AD - LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, UK. FAU - Tym, Amy AU - Tym A AD - LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, UK. FAU - Wierzbicki, Antonia AU - Wierzbicki A AD - LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, UK. FAU - Forouhi, Nita G AU - Forouhi NG AD - MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Khaw, Kay-Tee AU - Khaw KT AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars, Inc., McLean, VA, USA. FAU - Kuhnle, Gunter G C AU - Kuhnle GGC AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. g.g.kuhnle@reading.ac.uk. LA - eng GR - MC_UU_00006/3/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom GR - MC_UU_12015/5/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom GR - IS-BRC-1215-20014/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20201021 PL - England TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Eating/*physiology MH - Feeding Behavior/*physiology MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Heart Disease Risk Factors MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Male MH - Melanesia MH - Middle Aged MH - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology PMC - PMC7578063 COIS- H.S. and J.I.O. are employed by Mars, Inc., a company engaged in flavanol research and flavanol-related commercial activities. G.G.C.K. has received an unrestricted research grant from Mars, Inc. None of the other authors has a conflict of interest to declare. EDAT- 2020/10/23 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/10 06:00 PMCR- 2020/10/21 CRDT- 2020/10/22 05:32 PHST- 2020/04/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/10/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/22 05:32 [entrez] PHST- 2020/10/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/21 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41598-020-74863-7 [pii] AID - 74863 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41598-020-74863-7 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 21;10(1):17964. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74863-7. PMID- 35265879 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220311 IS - 2666-6936 (Electronic) IS - 2666-6936 (Linking) VI - 1 IP - 2 DP - 2020 Sep-Oct TI - Using digital health technology to evaluate the impact of chocolate on blood pressure: Results from the COCOA-BP study. PG - 89-96 LID - 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.08.002 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Consumption of dark chocolate, which is high in flavonoids that may reduce CVD risk, is an attractive intervention to reduce to BP. Additionally, the use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies (eg, telehealth, smartphones, and wearable devices) can improve outcomes in patients with CVD. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of dark chocolate intake on BP, subject use of mHealth, and integration of mHealth into a clinical trial. METHODS: The COCOA-BP (ChOcolate COnsumption And Blood Pressure) study was a prospective, single-center, pre-/postintervention study that enrolled 62 healthy volunteers. The study consisted of 3 phases: smartwatch/smart BP monitor familiarization and washout from chocolate (week 1); control (week 2); and intervention (weeks 3 and 4). During the intervention phase, subjects consumed 50 g of dark chocolate per day. The primary endpoint was change in resting systolic BP between the intervention and control phases. Additional endpoints included device accuracy and correlation with physical activity. RESULTS: Mean resting systolic BP was 116.4 mm Hg before chocolate intake among 62 participants (mean age 37 years; 61% female). After chocolate intake, mean resting systolic BP was 116.0 mm Hg (difference -0.4; P = .69). These findings suggest that 2 weeks of dark chocolate intake did not reduce resting systolic BP. There was poor agreement between mHealth device and standard (nurse-performed) measurements. CONCLUSION: In this study, short-term dark chocolate intake did not seem to reduce BP. mHealth technology shows great potential for use in clinical studies, but challenges related to device accuracy and compliance need to be addressed. CI - (c) 2020 The Author(s). FAU - Christen, Thomas AU - Christen T AD - Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts. FAU - Nagale, Sandra AU - Nagale S AD - Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts. FAU - Reinitz, Steve AU - Reinitz S AD - Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts. FAU - Narayanan, Shruthi AU - Narayanan S AD - Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts. FAU - Roy, Kristine AU - Roy K AD - Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts. FAU - Allocco, Dominic J AU - Allocco DJ AD - Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts. FAU - Osattin, Alison AU - Osattin A AD - Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20201022 PL - United States TA - Cardiovasc Digit Health J JT - Cardiovascular digital health journal JID - 101771268 PMC - PMC8890357 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - Clinical study OT - Heart rate determination OT - Home blood pressure monitoring OT - Wearable electronic devices EDAT- 2020/10/22 00:00 MHDA- 2020/10/22 00:01 PMCR- 2020/10/22 CRDT- 2022/03/10 05:47 PHST- 2022/03/10 05:47 [entrez] PHST- 2020/10/22 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/22 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2666-6936(20)30029-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.08.002 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cardiovasc Digit Health J. 2020 Oct 22;1(2):89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.08.002. eCollection 2020 Sep-Oct. PMID- 32978913 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210819 LR - 20210819 IS - 1898-9594 (Electronic) IS - 1644-0730 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 3 DP - 2020 Jul-Sep TI - The influence of dietary patterns on arterial stiffness, lipid metabolism, and liver and renal function in the population of Greater Poland. PG - 301-318 LID - 10.17306/J.AFS.0848 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The consumption of breakfast, salty meals, red meat, whole grain products, and dark chocolate are dietary habits that influence health, but the effects on arterial stiffness have not been well-investigated. Aim. To assess the effects of selected dietary patterns on arterial stiffness, liver and renal function, inflammation, and glucose and lipid biochemical parameters. METHODS: 829 patients completed health and food frequency questionnaires, and underwent anthropometric, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure measurements. Serum concentrations of lipids, glucose, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, creatinine, uric acid, and C-reactive protein were determined. RESULTS: The aspartate aminotransferase serum concentration was lower in the breakfast-consuming group (25.88 +/-7.05 U/L) compared to non-consumers (27.75 +/-10.67 U/L). A lower concentration of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase and a higher concentration of C-reactive protein was found in whole grain product consumers. Individuals consuming more red meat had higher alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein serum concentrations. Individuals with greater dark chocolate consumption had higher serum concentrations of uric acid (5.20 +/-1.46 vs. 4.72 +/-1.18) and more intensified arterial stiffness (peak-to-peak time 213.86 +/-54.98 ms vs. 238.70 +/-60.83 ms). CONCLUSIONS: The investigated dietary patterns had a significant impact on serum lipid concentrations, biochemical markers of liver and renal function and inflammation, and arterial stiffness. High consumption of red meat and dark chocolate intensified cardiovascular risk, contrary to the intake of whole grain products. FAU - Skrypnik, Katarzyna AU - Skrypnik K AD - Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland. FAU - Bogdanski, Pawel AU - Bogdanski P AD - Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. FAU - Kubasik, Marta AU - Kubasik M AD - Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. FAU - Wawrzyniak, Natalia AU - Wawrzyniak N AD - Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland. FAU - Markuszewski, Leszek AU - Markuszewski L AD - Center for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Internal and Metabolic Diseases Mazovian Specialist Hospital. FAU - Suliburska, Joanna AU - Suliburska J AD - Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Poland TA - Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment JT - Acta scientiarum polonorum. Technologia alimentaria JID - 101295615 RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL) RN - 268B43MJ25 (Uric Acid) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) RN - AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Breakfast MH - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism MH - Cacao MH - Chocolate MH - Creatinine/blood MH - *Diet MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Kidney/physiology MH - *Lipid Metabolism MH - Lipoproteins, LDL/blood MH - *Liver/enzymology/physiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Poland MH - Red Meat MH - Uric Acid/blood MH - *Vascular Stiffness MH - Whole Grains MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - arterial stiffness OT - dietary patterns OT - glucose OT - lipid profile OT - liver function OT - renal function EDAT- 2020/09/27 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/20 06:00 CRDT- 2020/09/26 06:52 PHST- 2020/09/26 06:52 [entrez] PHST- 2020/09/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/20 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.17306/J.AFS.0848 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2020 Jul-Sep;19(3):301-318. doi: 10.17306/J.AFS.0848. PMID- 32936852 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201216 LR - 20201216 IS - 1533-7294 (Electronic) IS - 0094-3509 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 7 DP - 2020 Sep TI - Does evidence support the use of supplements to aid in BP control? PG - E14-E16 FAU - Gibbs, Lawrence M AU - Gibbs LM AD - Methodist Charlton Family Medicine Residency, Dallas, TX, USA. FAU - Nair, Rajasree J AU - Nair RJ AD - Methodist Charlton Family Medicine Residency, Dallas, TX, USA. FAU - Nashelsky, Joan AU - Nashelsky J AD - Family Physicians Inquiries Network, Iowa City, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Fam Pract JT - The Journal of family practice JID - 7502590 RN - 0 (Biological Products) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) RN - 8001-26-1 (Linseed Oil) RN - 94ZLA3W45F (Arginine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Arginine/therapeutic use MH - Beta vulgaris MH - Biological Products/*therapeutic use MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Chocolate MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use MH - Female MH - Garlic MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy/*prevention & control MH - Linseed Oil/therapeutic use MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Olea EDAT- 2020/09/17 06:00 MHDA- 2020/12/17 06:00 CRDT- 2020/09/16 17:12 PHST- 2020/09/16 17:12 [entrez] PHST- 2020/09/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/12/17 06:00 [medline] AID - jfp_6907m [pii] PST - ppublish SO - J Fam Pract. 2020 Sep;69(7):E14-E16. PMID- 32899917 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210326 LR - 20241108 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 9 DP - 2020 Sep 6 TI - Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review. LID - 10.3390/nu12092722 [doi] LID - 2722 AB - BACKGROUND: Although the body of evidence indicates clear benefits of dietary modifications for prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it may be difficult for healthcare providers to recommend which diet interventions or dietary factors are appropriate for patients as there are too many modalities available. Accordingly, we performed an umbrella review to synthesize evidence on diet interventions and dietary factors in prevention of T2DM. METHODS: Medline and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trial or observational studies were eligible if they measured effects of diet interventions and/or dietary factors including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on risk of T2DM. The effect of each diet intervention/factor was summarized qualitatively. RESULTS: Sixty systematic reviews and meta-analyses were eligible. Results of the review suggest that healthy dietary patterns such as Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, and high consumption of whole grains, low-fat dairy products, yogurt, olive oil, chocolate, fiber, magnesium, and flavonoid significantly reduced the risk of T2DM. In contrast, high glycemic index and glycemic load diets, high consumption of red and processed meat, and sugar or artificial sugar-sweetened beverages significantly increased risk of T2DM. Prescribing diet interventions with or without physical activity interventions significantly decreased risk of T2DM in both high-risk and general population. CONCLUSION: High consumption of Mediterranean and DASH diet, and interventions that modified the quality of diet intake significantly reduced risk of T2DM especially in the high-risk population. These lifestyle modifications should be promoted in both individual and population levels to prevent and decrease burden from T2DM in the future. FAU - Toi, Phung Lam AU - Toi PL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8326-388X AD - Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. AD - Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 10400, Vietnam. FAU - Anothaisintawee, Thunyarat AU - Anothaisintawee T AD - Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. AD - Department of Family Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. FAU - Chaikledkaew, Usa AU - Chaikledkaew U AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9457-9823 AD - Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. AD - Social Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. FAU - Briones, Jamaica Roanne AU - Briones JR AD - Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. FAU - Reutrakul, Sirimon AU - Reutrakul S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0686-1069 AD - Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott, Ste E625, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. FAU - Thakkinstian, Ammarin AU - Thakkinstian A AD - Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20200906 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*prevention & control MH - Diet, Healthy/*methods MH - Diet, Mediterranean MH - Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension MH - Female MH - Glycemic Index MH - Glycemic Load MH - Humans MH - Life Style MH - Male MH - Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - Middle Aged MH - Risk Factors MH - Risk Reduction Behavior MH - Systematic Reviews as Topic PMC - PMC7551929 OTO - NOTNLM OT - diabetes mellitus OT - dietary patterns OT - food OT - nutrient OT - systematic review COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/09/10 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/27 06:00 PMCR- 2020/09/01 CRDT- 2020/09/09 01:05 PHST- 2020/07/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/08/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/09/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/09/09 01:05 [entrez] PHST- 2020/09/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu12092722 [pii] AID - nutrients-12-02722 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu12092722 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2020 Sep 6;12(9):2722. doi: 10.3390/nu12092722. PMID- 32825710 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210405 LR - 20231112 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 9 DP - 2020 Aug 21 TI - Select Polyphenol-Rich Berry Consumption to Defer or Deter Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications. LID - 10.3390/nu12092538 [doi] LID - 2538 AB - Berries are considered "promising functional fruits" due to their distinct and ubiquitous therapeutic contents of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavanols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, hydroxycinnamic, ellagic acid derivatives, and organic acids. These polyphenols are part of berries and the human diet, and evidence suggests that their intake is associated with a reduced risk or the reversal of metabolic pathophysiologies related to diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension. This work reviewed and summarized both clinical and non-clinical findings that the consumption of berries, berry extracts, purified compounds, juices, jams, jellies, and other berry byproducts aided in the prevention and or otherwise management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications. The integration of berries and berries-derived byproducts into high-carbohydrate (HCD) and high-fat (HFD) diets, also reversed/reduced the HCD/HFD-induced alterations in glucose metabolism-related pathways, and markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid oxidation in healthy/obese/diabetic subjects. The berry polyphenols also modulate the intestinal microflora ecology by opposing the diabetic and obesity rendered symbolic reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction-restoring bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, and organic acid producing microflora. All studies proposed a number of potential mechanisms of action of respective berry bioactive compounds, although further mechanistic and molecular studies are warranted. The metabolic profiling of each berry is also included to provide up-to-date information regarding the potential anti-oxidative/antidiabetic constituents of each berry. FAU - Hameed, Ahsan AU - Hameed A AD - Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland. FAU - Galli, Mauro AU - Galli M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3871-8125 AD - Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland. FAU - Adamska-Patruno, Edyta AU - Adamska-Patruno E AD - Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland. FAU - Kretowski, Adam AU - Kretowski A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4522-4978 AD - Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland. AD - Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland. FAU - Ciborowski, Michal AU - Ciborowski M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3729-0518 AD - Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland. LA - eng GR - 754432/Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20200821 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 18206-61-6 (proanthocyanidin) SB - IM MH - Anthocyanins/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - *Antioxidants MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy/*prevention & control MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Eating/*physiology MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Fruit/*chemistry MH - *Functional Food MH - Humans MH - Hyperglycemia/diet therapy/prevention & control MH - Hyperlipidemias/diet therapy/prevention & control MH - *Hypoglycemic Agents MH - Metabolic Syndrome/diet therapy/*prevention & control MH - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology MH - Oxidative Stress MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Proanthocyanidins/administration & dosage/pharmacology PMC - PMC7551116 OTO - NOTNLM OT - berries OT - diabetes OT - genomics OT - hyperglycemia OT - hyperlipidemia OT - metabolic syndrome OT - metabolomics OT - omics OT - precision nutrition COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/08/23 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/07 06:00 PMCR- 2020/09/01 CRDT- 2020/08/23 06:00 PHST- 2020/06/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/08/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/08/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu12092538 [pii] AID - nutrients-12-02538 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu12092538 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2020 Aug 21;12(9):2538. doi: 10.3390/nu12092538. PMID- 32823886 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210402 LR - 20210402 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 8 DP - 2020 Aug 14 TI - A High Polyphenol Diet Improves Psychological Well-Being: The Polyphenol Intervention Trial (PPhIT). LID - 10.3390/nu12082445 [doi] LID - 2445 AB - Mental ill health is currently one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. A growing body of data has emerged supporting the role of diet, especially polyphenols, which have anxiolytic and antidepressant-like properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a high polyphenol diet (HPD) compared to a low polyphenol diet (LPD) on aspects of psychological well-being in the Polyphenol Intervention Trial (PPhIT). Ninety-nine mildly hypertensive participants aged 40-65 years were enrolled in a four-week LPD washout period and then randomised to either an LPD or an HPD for eight weeks. Both at baseline and the end of intervention, participants' lifestyle and psychological well-being were assessed. The participants in the HPD group reported a decrease in depressive symptoms, as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and an improvement in physical component and mental health component scores as assessed with 36-Item Short Form Survey. No differences in anxiety, stress, self-esteem or body image perception were observed. In summary, the study findings suggest that the adoption of a polyphenol-rich diet could potentially lead to beneficial effects including a reduction in depressive symptoms and improvements in general mental health status and physical health in hypertensive participants. FAU - Kontogianni, Meropi D AU - Kontogianni MD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3168-8867 AD - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, 17671 Kallithea, Greece. FAU - Vijayakumar, Aswathy AU - Vijayakumar A AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. FAU - Rooney, Ciara AU - Rooney C AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. FAU - Noad, Rebecca L AU - Noad RL AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. AD - Cardiology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK. FAU - Appleton, Katherine M AU - Appleton KM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7045-3564 AD - Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH12 5BB, UK. FAU - McCarthy, Danielle AU - McCarthy D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2017-3614 AD - Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK. FAU - Donnelly, Michael AU - Donnelly M AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. FAU - Young, Ian S AU - Young IS AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. AD - Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK. FAU - McKinley, Michelle C AU - McKinley MC AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. AD - Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK. FAU - McKeown, Pascal P AU - McKeown PP AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. AD - Cardiology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK. FAU - Woodside, Jayne V AU - Woodside JV AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5691-4659 AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. AD - Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK. LA - eng GR - EAT/4195/09/Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Research and Development doctoral fellowship award/ GR - 2010_17/Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke scientific research grant/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20200814 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Anxiety MH - Body Image MH - Depression/*diet therapy/*prevention & control/psychology MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Female MH - *Health Status MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/diet therapy/psychology MH - Life Style MH - Male MH - *Mental Health MH - Middle Aged MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Self Concept PMC - PMC7469043 OTO - NOTNLM OT - berries OT - dark chocolate OT - depression OT - fruits OT - mental health OT - physical health OT - polyphenols OT - psychological well-being OT - vegetables COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2020/08/23 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/07 06:00 PMCR- 2020/08/01 CRDT- 2020/08/23 06:00 PHST- 2020/05/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/08/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/08/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu12082445 [pii] AID - nutrients-12-02445 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu12082445 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2020 Aug 14;12(8):2445. doi: 10.3390/nu12082445. PMID- 32795514 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210518 LR - 20231213 IS - 1879-0712 (Electronic) IS - 0014-2999 (Print) IS - 0014-2999 (Linking) VI - 885 DP - 2020 Oct 15 TI - Arginase inhibition by (-)-Epicatechin reverses endothelial cell aging. PG - 173442 LID - S0014-2999(20)30534-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173442 [doi] AB - Endothelial dysfunction (EnD) occurs with aging and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production by NO synthase (NOS) can be impaired. Low NO levels have been linked to increased arginase (Ar) activity as Ar competes with NOS for L-arginine. The inhibition of Ar activity can reverse EnD and (-)-epicatechin (Epi) inhibits myocardial Ar activity. In this study, through in silico modeling we demonstrate that Epi interacts with Ar similarly to its inhibitor Norvaline (Norv). Using in vitro and in vivo models of aging, we examined Epi and Norv-inhibition of Ar activity and its endothelium-protective effects. Bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAEC) were treated with Norv (10 muM), Epi (1 muM) or the combination (Epi + Norv) for 48 h. Ar activity increased in aged BCAEC, with decreased NO generation. Treatment decreased Ar activity to levels seen in young cells. Epi and Epi + Norv decreased nitrosylated Ar levels by ~25% in aged cells with lower oxidative stress (~25%) (dihydroethidium) levels. In aged cells, Epi and Epi + Norv restored the eNOS monomer/dimer ratio, protein expression levels and NO production to those of young cells. Furthermore, using 18 month old rats 15 days of treatment with either Epi (1 mg/kg), Norv (10 mg/kg) or combo, decreased hypertension and improved aorta vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, blood NO levels and tetra/dihydribiopterin ratios in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells. In conclusion, results provide evidence that inhibiting Ar with Epi reverses aged-related loss of eNOS function and improves vascular function through the modulation of Ar and eNOS protein levels and activity. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Garate-Carrillo, Alejandra AU - Garate-Carrillo A AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Navarrete-Yanez, Viridiana AU - Navarrete-Yanez V AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Ortiz-Vilchis, Pilar AU - Ortiz-Vilchis P AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Guevara, Gustavo AU - Guevara G AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Castillo, Carmen AU - Castillo C AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Mendoza-Lorenzo, Patricia AU - Mendoza-Lorenzo P AD - Division Academica de Ciencias Basicas, Unidad Chontalpa, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico. FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Ortiz-Flores, Miguel AU - Ortiz-Flores M AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Najera, Nayelli AU - Najera N AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Bustamante-Pozo, Moises Muratt AU - Bustamante-Pozo MM AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Rubio-Gayosso, Ivan AU - Rubio-Gayosso I AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Villarreal, Francisco AU - Villarreal F AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Health Care, San Diego, CA, USA. FAU - Ramirez-Sanchez, Israel AU - Ramirez-Sanchez I AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Electronic address: israel.ramirez14@hotmail.com. LA - eng GR - I01 BX003230/BX/BLRD VA/United States GR - R01 DK098717/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200811 PL - Netherlands TA - Eur J Pharmacol JT - European journal of pharmacology JID - 1254354 RN - 0 (Biopterins) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - A70UKS48FE (norvaline) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 3.5.3.1 (Arginase) RN - EGX657432I (sapropterin) RN - HG18B9YRS7 (Valine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Arginase/*antagonists & inhibitors MH - Biopterins/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Cattle MH - Cellular Senescence/*drug effects MH - Computer Simulation MH - Endothelial Cells/*drug effects MH - Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/drug effects MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Valine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology PMC - PMC7418791 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aging OT - Arginase OT - Endothelial dysfunction OT - Epicatechin OT - Nitric oxide synthase OT - Norvaline COIS- Drs. Villarreal is a co-founder and stockholder (Dr. Ceballos) of Epirium Therapeutics, Inc. EDAT- 2020/08/17 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/19 06:00 PMCR- 2020/08/11 CRDT- 2020/08/16 06:00 PHST- 2020/05/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/07/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/07/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/08/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/08/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/08/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0014-2999(20)30534-3 [pii] AID - 173442 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173442 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Oct 15;885:173442. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173442. Epub 2020 Aug 11. PMID- 32746952 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210728 LR - 20210728 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 125 IP - 5 DP - 2021 Mar 14 TI - Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial. PG - 548-556 LID - 10.1017/S0007114520003086 [doi] AB - During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57.2 (sd 3.6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65.4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (-0.63 kg (95 % CI -1.15, -0.11), P = 0.019; Cohen's d = -0.450) and body fat percentage (-0.79 % (95 % CI -1.31, -0.26), P = 0.004; Cohen's d = -0.539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (-0.20 kg/m2 (95 % CI -0.44, 0.03), P = 0.092; Cohen's d = -0.345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight. FAU - Garcia-Yu, Irene A AU - Garcia-Yu IA AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), 37005Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Ortiz, Luis AU - Garcia-Ortiz L AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), 37005Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas y del Diagnostico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gomez-Marcos, Manuel A AU - Gomez-Marcos MA AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), 37005Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Sanchez, Emiliano AU - Rodriguez-Sanchez E AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), 37005Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Lugones-Sanchez, Cristina AU - Lugones-Sanchez C AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), 37005Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Maderuelo-Fernandez, Jose A AU - Maderuelo-Fernandez JA AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), 37005Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Recio-Rodriguez, Jose I AU - Recio-Rodriguez JI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3772-8746 AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), 37005Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007Salamanca, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200804 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adipose Tissue/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Composition/*physiology MH - Body Mass Index MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - *Chocolate MH - *Diet MH - Energy Intake MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Polyphenols/administration & dosage MH - Postmenopause/*physiology MH - Spain OTO - NOTNLM OT - Body composition OT - Body fat distribution OT - Body weight changes OT - Chocolate OT - Postmenopause EDAT- 2020/08/05 06:00 MHDA- 2021/07/29 06:00 CRDT- 2020/08/05 06:00 PHST- 2020/08/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/07/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/08/05 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0007114520003086 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114520003086 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2021 Mar 14;125(5):548-556. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520003086. Epub 2020 Aug 4. PMID- 32728879 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210623 LR - 20240331 IS - 1436-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1436-6207 (Print) IS - 1436-6207 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 3 DP - 2021 Apr TI - Effect of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee on markers of cardiometabolic health: results from the pocket-4-life project. PG - 1453-1463 LID - 10.1007/s00394-020-02347-5 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Coffee is an important source of bioactive compounds, including caffeine, trigonelline, and phenolic compounds. Several studies have highlighted the preventive effects of coffee consumption on major cardiometabolic (CM) diseases, but the impact of different coffee dosages on markers of CM risk in a real-life setting has not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee consumption on several CM risk factors in healthy subjects. METHODS: In a three-arm, crossover, randomized trial, 21 volunteers were assigned to consume in a random order for 1 month: 1 cup of espresso coffee/day, 3 cups of espresso coffee/day, and 1 cup of espresso coffee plus 2 cocoa-based products containing coffee, twice per day. At the last day of each treatment, blood samples were collected and used for the analysis of inflammatory markers, trimethylamine N-oxide, nitric oxide, blood lipids, and markers of glucose/insulin metabolism. Moreover, anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured. Finally, food consumption during the interventions was monitored. RESULTS: After 1 month, energy intake did not change among treatments, while significant differences were observed in the intake of saturated fatty acids, sugars, and total carbohydrates. No significant effect on CM markers was observed following neither the consumption of different coffee dosages nor after cocoa-based products containing coffee. CONCLUSIONS: The daily consumption of common dosages of coffee and its substitution with cocoa-based products containing coffee showed no effect on CM risk factors in healthy subjects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03166540, May 21, 2017. FAU - Martini, Daniela AU - Martini D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8298-926X AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, University Hospital Building 27, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. AD - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy. FAU - Rosi, Alice AU - Rosi A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8533-797X AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy. FAU - Tassotti, Michele AU - Tassotti M AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy. FAU - Antonini, Monica AU - Antonini M AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy. FAU - Dall'Asta, Margherita AU - Dall'Asta M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0558-0337 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy. AD - Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy. FAU - Bresciani, Letizia AU - Bresciani L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7768-4987 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, University Hospital Building 27, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. FAU - Fantuzzi, Federica AU - Fantuzzi F AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy. FAU - Spigoni, Valentina AU - Spigoni V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5716-1671 AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy. FAU - Dominguez-Perles, Raul AU - Dominguez-Perles R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6232-712X AD - Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Angelino, Donato AU - Angelino D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5436-7428 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, University Hospital Building 27, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. AD - Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy. FAU - Ricci, Cristian AU - Ricci C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4113-8682 AD - Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany. FAU - Del Pozo-Luengo, Soledad AU - Del Pozo-Luengo S AD - Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Tornel, Pedro Luis AU - Tornel PL AD - Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Scazzina, Francesca AU - Scazzina F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5372-8658 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy. FAU - Gil-Izquierdo, Angel AU - Gil-Izquierdo A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7646-0386 AD - Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Dei Cas, Alessandra AU - Dei Cas A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8666-4849 AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy. FAU - Brighenti, Furio AU - Brighenti F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8441-4611 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy. FAU - Bonadonna, Riccardo AU - Bonadonna R AD - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy. FAU - Del Rio, Daniele AU - Del Rio D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5394-1259 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, University Hospital Building 27, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. daniele.delrio@unipr.it. AD - School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, 43121, Parma, Italy. daniele.delrio@unipr.it. FAU - Mena, Pedro AU - Mena P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2150-2977 AD - Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03166540 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20200729 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Nutr JT - European journal of nutrition JID - 100888704 RN - 0 (Coffee) SB - IM MH - *Cacao MH - Candy MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - *Chocolate MH - Coffee MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Humans PMC - PMC7987697 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiometabolic health OT - Coffee OT - Dietary pattern OT - Randomized-controlled trial OT - Real-life setting COIS- DDR has received research grants from Soremartec. The other authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/07/31 06:00 MHDA- 2021/06/24 06:00 PMCR- 2020/07/29 CRDT- 2020/07/31 06:00 PHST- 2020/04/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/07/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/07/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/06/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/07/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/07/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s00394-020-02347-5 [pii] AID - 2347 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00394-020-02347-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Nutr. 2021 Apr;60(3):1453-1463. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02347-5. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID- 32725646 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210708 LR - 20210708 IS - 1745-4514 (Electronic) IS - 0145-8884 (Linking) VI - 45 IP - 3 DP - 2021 Mar TI - Effects of caffeine and caffeic acid on selected biochemical parameters in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. PG - e13384 LID - 10.1111/jfbc.13384 [doi] AB - Biologically active compounds such as caffeine and caffeic acid can be obtained in plants especially cocoa and coffee. Hence, the combinatory effect of caffeine and caffeic acid as well as their individual effect were assessed on the activities of arginase, angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) as well as nitric oxide (NOx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the Nomega-Nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. The individual and combinatory effect of caffeine and caffeic acid were investigated in L-NAME-induced rats. Animals were grouped into eleven containing six animals each. Hemodynamic parameter was determined by tail-cuff plethysmography. Furthermore, the result showed a notable rise in ACE and arginase activities of L-NAME-induced group compared with the control group. However, pretreatment with test compounds lowered ACE, arginase activities, and MDA content with rise in NOx. This study supports that caffeine and caffeic acid combinations demonstrated antihypertensive properties by lowering the systolic blood pressure in L-NAME-induced rats. PRATICAL APPLICATIONS: This duo bioactive compounds; caffeine (alkaloid) and caffeic acid (phenolic acid) are lavishly distributed in coffee. Their cardiopotective and cardiomodulatory roles have been investigated due to their biological activities. As far as we are aware, this could be foremost in-depth study on the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effect of the combinations of caffeine and caffeic acid targeting the key enzymes system relevant to hypertension. Decreased ACE and arginase activities as well as high nitric oxide (NOx) and low MDA level may be associated with its antihypertensive effect. This present study suggests that the combinations of this phenolics and alkaloid compound might proffer a therapeutic strategy in the management of hypertension. CI - (c) 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - Oboh, Ganiyu AU - Oboh G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5167-9779 AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. FAU - Ojueromi, Opeyemi Oluwafemi AU - Ojueromi OO AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6668-3658 AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. FAU - Ademosun, Ayokunle Olubode AU - Ademosun AO AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9767-1844 AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. FAU - Omayone, Tosan Peter AU - Omayone TP AD - Department of physiology, Federal university of technology, Akure, Nigeria. FAU - Oyagbemi, Ademola Adetokunbo AU - Oyagbemi AA AD - Department of veterinary physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Ajibade, Temitayo Olabisi AU - Ajibade TO AD - Department of veterinary physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Adedapo, Adeolu Alex AU - Adedapo AA AD - Department of veterinary physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200728 PL - United States TA - J Food Biochem JT - Journal of food biochemistry JID - 7706045 RN - 0 (Caffeic Acids) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - U2S3A33KVM (caffeic acid) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Caffeic Acids/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - *Caffeine MH - *Hypertension/chemically induced/drug therapy MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester MH - Rats OTO - NOTNLM OT - ACE OT - Arginase OT - Caffeic acid OT - Caffeine OT - Cardioprotection OT - Hypertension EDAT- 2020/07/30 06:00 MHDA- 2021/07/09 06:00 CRDT- 2020/07/30 06:00 PHST- 2020/06/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/03/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/06/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/07/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/07/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/07/30 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jfbc.13384 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Food Biochem. 2021 Mar;45(3):e13384. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13384. Epub 2020 Jul 28. PMID- 32645737 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201126 LR - 20201126 IS - 1439-0221 (Electronic) IS - 0032-0943 (Linking) VI - 86 IP - 17 DP - 2020 Nov TI - Cacao Bean Polyphenols Inhibit Cardiac Hypertrophy and Systolic Dysfunction in Pressure Overload-induced Heart Failure Model Mice. PG - 1304-1312 LID - 10.1055/a-1191-7970 [doi] AB - Pathological stresses such as pressure overload and myocardial infarction induce cardiac hypertrophy, which increases the risk of heart failure. Cacao bean polyphenols have recently gained considerable attention for their beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of cacao bean polyphenols on the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were pre-treated with cacao bean polyphenols and then stimulated with 30 microM phenylephrine. C57BL/6j male mice were subjected to sham or transverse aortic constriction surgery and then orally administered with vehicle or cacao bean polyphenols. Cardiac hypertrophy and function were examined by echocardiography. In cardiomyocytes, cacao bean polyphenols significantly suppressed phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hypertrophic gene transcription. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and GATA binding protein 4 phosphorylation induced by phenylephrine was inhibited by cacao bean polyphenols treatment in the cardiomyocytes. Cacao bean polyphenols treatment at 1200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated left ventricular posterior wall thickness, fractional shortening, hypertrophic gene transcription, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation induced by pressure overload. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cacao bean polyphenols prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-GATA binding protein 4 pathway in cardiomyocytes. Thus, cacao bean polyphenols may be useful for heart failure therapy in humans. CI - Thieme. All rights reserved. FAU - Sari, Nurmila AU - Sari N AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Katanasaka, Yasufumi AU - Katanasaka Y AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. AD - Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Honda, Hiroki AU - Honda H AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Miyazaki, Yusuke AU - Miyazaki Y AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. AD - Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Sunagawa, Yoichi AU - Sunagawa Y AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. AD - Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. FAU - Funamoto, Masafumi AU - Funamoto M AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. FAU - Shimizu, Kana AU - Shimizu K AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. FAU - Shimizu, Satoshi AU - Shimizu S AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. FAU - Wada, Hiromichi AU - Wada H AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. FAU - Hasegawa, Koji AU - Hasegawa K AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. FAU - Morimoto, Tatsuya AU - Morimoto T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7054-4447 AD - Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. AD - Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. AD - Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. LA - eng GR - Meiji Co., Ltd./A185-05/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200709 PL - Germany TA - Planta Med JT - Planta medica JID - 0066751 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiomegaly/drug therapy MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - *Heart Failure/drug therapy MH - Humans MH - Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Myocytes, Cardiac MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - Rats COIS- T. M., Y. K., and Y. S. received financial support from Meiji Co., Ltd. (number A185-05). N. S., H. H., Y. M., M. F., K. S., S. S., H. W., and K. H. declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/07/10 06:00 MHDA- 2020/11/27 06:00 CRDT- 2020/07/10 06:00 PHST- 2020/07/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/11/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/07/10 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1055/a-1191-7970 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Planta Med. 2020 Nov;86(17):1304-1312. doi: 10.1055/a-1191-7970. Epub 2020 Jul 9. PMID- 32599832 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200928 IS - 2304-8158 (Print) IS - 2304-8158 (Electronic) IS - 2304-8158 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 6 DP - 2020 Jun 24 TI - FT-NIRS Coupled with PLS Regression as a Complement to HPLC Routine Analysis of Caffeine in Tea Samples. LID - 10.3390/foods9060827 [doi] LID - 827 AB - Daily consumption of caffeine in coffee, tea, chocolate, cocoa, and soft drinks has gained wide and plentiful public and scientific attention over the past few decades. The concentration of caffeine in vivo is a crucial indicator of some disorders-for example, kidney malfunction, heart disease, increase of blood pressure and alertness-and can cause some severe diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), stroke risk, liver disease, and some cancers. In the present study, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was proposed as an alternative method for the quantification of caffeine in 25 commercially available tea samples consumed in Oman. This method is a fast, complementary technique to wet chemistry procedures as well as to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for the quantitative analysis of caffeine in tea samples because it is reagent-less and needs little or no pre-treatment of samples. In the current study, the partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm was built by using the near-infrared NIR spectra of caffeine standards prepared in tea samples scanned by a Frontier NIR spectrophotometer (L1280034) by PerkinElmer. Spectra were collected in the absorption mode in the wavenumber range of 10,000-4000 cm(-1), using a 0.2 mm path length and CaF(2) sealed cells with a resolution of 2 cm(-1). The NIR results for the contents of caffeine in tea samples were also compared with results obtained by HPLC analysis. Both techniques provided good results for predicting the caffeine contents in commercially available tea samples. The results of the proposed study show that the suggested FT-NIRS coupled with PLS regression algorithun has a high potential to be routinely used for the quick and reproducible analysis of caffeine contents in tea samples. For the NIR method, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated as 10 times the error of calibration (root mean square error of calibration (RMSECV)) of the model; thus, RMSEC was calculated as 0.03 ppm and the LOQ as 0.3 ppm. FAU - Ur Rehman, Najeeb AU - Ur Rehman N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1563-225X AD - Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 611, Oman. FAU - Al-Harrasi, Ahmed AU - Al-Harrasi A AD - Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 611, Oman. FAU - Boque, Ricard AU - Boque R AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University of Rovira I Virgilli, 43071 Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Mabood, Fazal AU - Mabood F AD - Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 611, Oman. FAU - Al-Broumi, Muhammed AU - Al-Broumi M AD - Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 611, Oman. FAU - Hussain, Javid AU - Hussain J AD - Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 611, Oman. FAU - Alameri, Saif AU - Alameri S AD - Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 611, Oman. LA - eng GR - BFP/RGP/CBS/18/011/The Oman Research Council/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200624 PL - Switzerland TA - Foods JT - Foods (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101670569 PMC - PMC7353657 OTO - NOTNLM OT - HPLC analysis OT - NIR spectroscopy OT - PLS regression OT - caffeine OT - tea samples COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest concerning the submission of this manuscript. EDAT- 2020/07/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/01 06:01 PMCR- 2020/06/24 CRDT- 2020/07/01 06:00 PHST- 2020/04/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/06/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/06/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/07/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/07/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/01 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/06/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - foods9060827 [pii] AID - foods-09-00827 [pii] AID - 10.3390/foods9060827 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Foods. 2020 Jun 24;9(6):827. doi: 10.3390/foods9060827. PMID- 32545478 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210218 LR - 20260930 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 6 DP - 2020 Jun 12 TI - Effects of Cocoa-Rich Chocolate on Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. LID - 10.3390/nu12061758 [doi] LID - 1758 AB - This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the intake of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate on blood pressure, other cardiovascular risk factors, and vascular structure and function in postmenopausal women. A total of 140 postmenopausal women participated in this randomized and controlled parallel clinical trial. For six months, the intervention group (IG; n = 73) consumed daily 10 g of chocolate (99% cocoa) added to their usual food intake, whereas the control group (CG; n = 67) did not receive any intervention. Blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), augmentation index, and laboratory variables were measured at baseline and six months. ANCOVA analyses adjusted for baseline values revealed no significant differences for systolic blood pressure (-1.45 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.79, 1.88; p = 0.391) or baPWV (0.18 m/s; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.50; p = 0.263) between groups. A decrease in PP was observed in the IG compared to the CG (-2.05 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4.08, -0.02; p = 0.048). The rest of the vascular structure and function parameters and other measured variables remained unchanged. The daily intake of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate seems to provide little improvement to cardiovascular health, but neither does it cause any adverse effects on the parameters evaluated in postmenopausal women in the long term. FAU - Garcia-Yu, Irene A AU - Garcia-Yu IA AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Ortiz, Luis AU - Garcia-Ortiz L AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas y del Diagnostico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gomez-Marcos, Manuel A AU - Gomez-Marcos MA AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Sanchez, Emiliano AU - Rodriguez-Sanchez E AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Agudo-Conde, Cristina AU - Agudo-Conde C AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Sanchez, Jesus AU - Gonzalez-Sanchez J AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Maderuelo-Fernandez, Jose A AU - Maderuelo-Fernandez JA AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Recio-Rodriguez, Jose I AU - Recio-Rodriguez JI AD - Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Unidad de Investigacion de Atencion Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL). Servicio de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain. AD - Departamento de Enfermeria y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. LA - eng GR - RD16/0007/Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ GR - GRS 1583/B/17/Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20200612 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Ankle Brachial Index MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Chocolate MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Heart Disease Risk Factors MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - *Postmenopause MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Vascular Stiffness/*drug effects PMC - PMC7353386 OTO - NOTNLM OT - arterial pressure OT - chocolate OT - postmenopause OT - risk factors OT - vascular stiffness COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. Lindt & Sprungli (city, state abbreviation, country) provided the necessary chocolate for the implementation of the study. This company did not play any role in the design of the study, the data analysis, the reporting of results, or the decision to present the manuscript for publication. EDAT- 2020/06/18 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/20 06:00 PMCR- 2020/06/01 CRDT- 2020/06/18 06:00 PHST- 2020/05/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/06/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/06/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/06/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/06/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu12061758 [pii] AID - nutrients-12-01758 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu12061758 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2020 Jun 12;12(6):1758. doi: 10.3390/nu12061758. PMID- 32373755 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200928 IS - 2451-8301 (Electronic) IS - 2451-8301 (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2020 Jun TI - Tea polyphenols attenuate staurosporine-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by modulating BDNF-TrkB/Akt and Erk1/2 signaling axis in hippocampal neurons. PG - 115-121 LID - 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.04.002 [doi] AB - Tea polyphenols (TP) are the major ingredients in tea beverages that display health-benefits including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, attenuating blood pressure and deflating. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of TP to attenuate staurosporine (STS)-induced cytotoxicity. Rat hippocampal neurons were isolated, cultured and incubated with STS to induce neurite collapse and apoptosis, however, the medication of TP eliminated these adverse effects and maintained the morphology of neurons. STS decreased the expression of pro-BDNF, downregulated the TrkB/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling axis and promoted the activation of Erk1/2 and caspase-3. In contrast, TP rescued the expression of pro-BDNF and antagonistically restored the biochemistry of aforementioned signaling effectors. Consistently, the activity of TP can be attenuated by the inhibition of TrkB or Akt by small chemicals K252a and LY294002. Therefore, BDNF-TrkB and Akt signaling axis is essential for TP-mediated neuroprotective effects. In summary, TP showed beneficial effects to protect neurons from exogenous insults such as STS-induced neural cytotoxicity and cell death. CI - (c) 2020 The Author(s). FAU - Yang, Jian-Rong AU - Yang JR AD - Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China. AD - Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China. FAU - Ren, Teng-Teng AU - Ren TT AD - Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Lan, Rongfeng AU - Lan R AD - Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China. FAU - Qin, Xiao-Yan AU - Qin XY AD - Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200419 PL - England TA - IBRO Rep JT - IBRO reports JID - 101691215 PMC - PMC7193097 OTO - NOTNLM OT - EC, (-)-epicatechin OT - ECG, (-)-epigallocatechin OT - EGC, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate OT - EGCG, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate OT - Erk1/2 OT - K252a OT - LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase OT - LY, LY294002 OT - LY294002 OT - MAP2 OT - MAP2, microtubule associated protein 2 OT - PD98059 OT - STS, staurosporine OT - Staurosporine OT - TP, tea polyphenols OT - TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling EDAT- 2020/05/07 06:00 MHDA- 2020/05/07 06:01 PMCR- 2020/04/19 CRDT- 2020/05/07 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/04/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/05/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/05/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/05/07 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/04/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2451-8301(20)30012-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.04.002 [doi] PST - epublish SO - IBRO Rep. 2020 Apr 19;8:115-121. doi: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.04.002. eCollection 2020 Jun. PMID- 32229139 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210427 LR - 20210427 IS - 1873-6815 (Electronic) IS - 0531-5565 (Linking) VI - 136 DP - 2020 Jul 15 TI - The short-term effect of dark chocolate flavanols on cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial (FlaSeCo). PG - 110933 LID - S0531-5565(20)30051-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110933 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cocoa flavanols in the diet have had positive effects on cognition, blood lipid levels, and glucose metabolism. METHODS: Cognitively healthy older adults aged 65-75 years were recruited for an eight-week randomized, double-blind controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of cocoa flavanols on cognitive functions. At baseline, nutrient and polyphenol intakes from diet were assessed with three-day food diaries. The intervention group received 50 g dark chocolate containing 410 mg of flavanols per day, and the control group 50 g dark chocolate containing 86 mg of flavanols per day, for eight weeks. Cognition was assessed with Verbal Fluency (VF) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B as the main outcome measures. Changes in blood lipids and glucose were also measured. RESULTS: The older adults participating numbered 100 (63% women), mean 69 y (range 65 to 74). They were highly educated with a mean 14.9 years of education (SD 3.6). No differences in changes in cognition were seen between groups. The mean change (+/- SEs) in the time to complete the TMT A and B in the intervention group was -4.6 s (-7.1 to -2.1) and -16.1 s (-29.1 to -3.1), and in the controls -4.4 s (-7.0 to -1.9) and -12.5 s (-22.8 to -2.1)(TMT A p = 0.93; TMT B p = 0.66). No difference was apparent in the changes in blood lipids, glucose levels, or body weight between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The healthy older adults showed no effect from the eight-week intake of dark chocolate flavanols on cognition. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Suominen, M H AU - Suominen MH AD - Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland; Society for Gerontological Nutrition, Finland. Electronic address: merja.suominen@gery.fi. FAU - Laaksonen, M M L AU - Laaksonen MML AD - Fazer Group, Finland. FAU - Salmenius-Suominen, H AU - Salmenius-Suominen H AD - Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland; Society for Gerontological Nutrition, Finland. FAU - Kautiainen, H AU - Kautiainen H AD - Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Hongisto, S-M AU - Hongisto SM AD - Fazer Group, Finland. FAU - Tuukkanen, K AU - Tuukkanen K AD - Fazer Group, Finland. FAU - Jyvakorpi, S K AU - Jyvakorpi SK AD - Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Pitkala, K H AU - Pitkala KH AD - Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200327 PL - England TA - Exp Gerontol JT - Experimental gerontology JID - 0047061 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - *Chocolate MH - Cognition MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Polyphenols OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aging OT - Chocolate OT - Cocoa flavanols OT - Cognition EDAT- 2020/04/02 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/28 06:00 CRDT- 2020/04/02 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/03/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/03/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/04/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/04/02 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0531-5565(20)30051-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110933 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Exp Gerontol. 2020 Jul 15;136:110933. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110933. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID- 32223044 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210715 LR - 20240329 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Print) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 10 DP - 2020 May TI - Monomeric Flavanols Are More Efficient Substrates for Gut Microbiota Conversion to Hydroxyphenyl-gamma-Valerolactone Metabolites Than Oligomeric Procyanidins: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Human Intervention Trial. PG - e1901135 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.201901135 [doi] LID - 1901135 AB - SCOPE: The majority of ingested flavanols reach the colon where they are catabolized by the microbiota to form hydroxyphenyl-gamma-valerolactones (HGVLs). It is not known if the HGVLs are catabolic products of monomeric (epi)catechins (EPC), oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs), or both. Using data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial the relative contributions of catechins and OPC to the bioavailable pool of HGVLs are estimated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants ingested an apple extract once daily for 28 days that delivered the following: i) 70 mg EPC and 65 mg OPC (low dose EPC), ii) 140 mg EPC and 130 mg OPC (high dose EPC), iii) 6 mg EPC and 130 mg OPC (OPC), and iv) a placebo control. Urine is collected over a 24-h period before and after treatments. The median urinary excretion of HGVLs after ingestion of the high dose EPC is tenfold higher than that excreted after ingestion of the OPC that provided an equivalent dose of PC. Approximately 22% of catechins are converted to HGVLs in contrast to PC, for which there is limited conversion. CONCLUSION: Monomeric catechins are efficiently converted to derived HGVLs that are absorbed and excreted in human urine, whereas oligomeric PCs are much less efficiently converted. CI - (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Hollands, Wendy J AU - Hollands WJ AD - Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. FAU - Philo, Mark AU - Philo M AD - Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. FAU - Perez-Moral, Natalia AU - Perez-Moral N AD - Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. FAU - Needs, Paul W AU - Needs PW AD - Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. FAU - Savva, George M AU - Savva GM AD - Core Research Services, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. FAU - Kroon, Paul A AU - Kroon PA AD - Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. LA - eng GR - BB/N023951/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom GR - BB/R012512/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom GR - BBS/E/F/000PR10346/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom GR - BB/CCG1860/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200420 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Lactones) RN - 0 (Placebos) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - O7056XK37X (gamma-valerolactone) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Biological Availability MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Catechin/chemistry/*pharmacokinetics/urine MH - Female MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/*physiology MH - Humans MH - Lactones/chemistry/*metabolism/urine MH - Male MH - Malus/chemistry MH - Middle Aged MH - Observer Variation MH - Placebos MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry MH - Proanthocyanidins/chemistry/*pharmacokinetics PMC - PMC7378946 OTO - NOTNLM OT - catechin OT - epicatechin OT - flavonoids OT - microbial metabolism OT - proanthocyanidins COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/03/31 06:00 MHDA- 2021/07/16 06:00 PMCR- 2020/07/24 CRDT- 2020/03/31 06:00 PHST- 2019/11/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/02/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/03/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/07/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/03/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/07/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - MNFR3714 [pii] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.201901135 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020 May;64(10):e1901135. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201901135. Epub 2020 Apr 20. PMID- 32008980 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210810 LR - 20210810 IS - 1878-7541 (Electronic) IS - 1550-8307 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 6 DP - 2020 Nov-Dec TI - Association between chocolate consumption frequency and heart rate variability indices. PG - 372-375 LID - S1550-8307(19)30571-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.explore.2019.12.009 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown favorable effects of chocolate products on the cardiovascular system and reported an inverse relationship between chocolate consumption and adverse cardiac events; however, relationships between chocolate eating habits and heart rate variability have not yet been studied. The purpose of the present research was to determine the relationship, if any, between chocolate consumption frequency and heart rate variability. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 98 young females (19-21 years old). The study included the evaluation of chocolate eating habits by a questionnaire and heart rate variability parameters by Finometer and Powerlab as primary outcomes along with measuring anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar levels as predictors to account for potential confounding. RESULTS: Three chocolate eating patterns were distinguished: "No regular chocolate consumption (n:42), 2-4 servings/week (n:20), 5 or more servings/week (n:36)". An ANOVA test revealed insignificant differences (p > 0.05) in heart rate variability parameters (time domain: Heart rate, RRms, SDNN, RMSSD; frequency domain: LF, HF, LF/HF) and pressures (systolic, diastolic, pulse, mean arterial) among three groups of individuals having different chocolate eating habits. Relative frequency of chocolate intake did not correlate with any of the cardiovascular, time-domain or frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability in study participants. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we conclude that relative frequency of chocolate eating may not affect autonomic regulation of the heart in young females. Also, it may have no correlation with any of the cardiovascular, time-domain or frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Latif, Rabia AU - Latif R AD - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: rlhussain@iau.edu.sa. FAU - Majeed, Farrukh AU - Majeed F AD - Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191228 PL - United States TA - Explore (NY) JT - Explore (New York, N.Y.) JID - 101233160 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) SB - IM MH - Blood Glucose MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - *Chocolate MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diet MH - Female MH - Heart Rate/*physiology MH - Humans MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - Diastolic blood pressure OT - Heart rate variability OT - Mean arterial pressure OT - Systolic blood pressure COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests. EDAT- 2020/02/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/11 06:00 CRDT- 2020/02/04 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/11/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/12/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/02/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/11 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/02/04 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1550-8307(19)30571-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.explore.2019.12.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Explore (NY). 2020 Nov-Dec;16(6):372-375. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.12.009. Epub 2019 Dec 28. PMID- 31982982 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200930 LR - 20261010 IS - 1573-7284 (Electronic) IS - 0393-2990 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 5 DP - 2020 May TI - Consumption of cocoa-containing foods and risk of hypertension in French women. PG - 465-469 LID - 10.1007/s10654-020-00603-w [doi] AB - Multiple randomised controlled trials have shown high doses of cocoa to reduce blood pressure and improve endothelial function. However, evidence regarding long-term consumption of cocoa and its potential effect on hypertension is lacking. We aimed to prospectively evaluate if cocoa intake from various food sources was associated with incident hypertension. Among 45,653 women of the E3N cohort, chocolate consumption was estimated from a 208 item dietary questionnaire and 24-h recall. Quantities of cocoa for certain foods including chocolate drinks, Danish pastries, chocolate biscuits, chocolate cakes, chocolate candy-bars, plain chocolate bars, and chocolate desserts, were estimated using a detailed food composition table. Using Cox models with time-update exposures, we assessed associations between specific sources of cocoa, and hypertension risk. Self-reported cases were validated using a drug reimbursement database. 12,793 cases of hypertension were identified. Median cocoa consumption in the entire cohort was 2.3 g/day at baseline. Moderate but not high cocoa consumption from all sources was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension (hazard ratios HR(Q1-Q3) 0.93 [0.88:0.98], HR(Q1-Q4) 0.98 [0.93:1.03], p for trend < 0.01). Consumption of cocoa from plain chocolate was associated with reduced risk (HR(T1-T2) 0.89 [0.85:0.94] and HR(T1-T3): 0.93 [0.89:0.97], p for trend < 0.01). Cocoa from dessert sources was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (HR(T1-T3) 1.09 [1.04:1.14], p for trend < 0.01). Moderate consumption of cocoa from plain chocolate could potentially reduce hypertension risk. Cocoa from sweet sources was associated with increased risk of hypertension. FAU - MacDonald, Conor-James AU - MacDonald CJ AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. FAU - Madika, Anne-Laure AU - Madika AL AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. AD - CHU Lille, Universite de Lille, EA 2694 - Sante publique : epidemiologie et qualite des soins, 59000, Lille, France. FAU - Bonnet, Fabrice AU - Bonnet F AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Rennes1, F-35043, Rennes, France. AD - CHU Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France. FAU - Fagherazzi, Guy AU - Fagherazzi G AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. AD - Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg. FAU - Lajous, Martin AU - Lajous M AD - Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica), Cuernavaca, Mexico. AD - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine AU - Boutron-Ruault MC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5956-5693 AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Marie-christine.BOUTRON@gustaveroussy.fr. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. Marie-christine.BOUTRON@gustaveroussy.fr. LA - eng GR - ANR-10-COHO-0006/Investissement d'Avenir/ PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200125 PL - Netherlands TA - Eur J Epidemiol JT - European journal of epidemiology JID - 8508062 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - *Chocolate MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use MH - France/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/drug therapy/*epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - Cocoa OT - Epidemiology OT - Hypertension OT - Nutrition EDAT- 2020/01/27 06:00 MHDA- 2020/10/02 06:00 CRDT- 2020/01/27 06:00 PHST- 2019/08/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/01/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/01/27 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s10654-020-00603-w [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10654-020-00603-w [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Epidemiol. 2020 May;35(5):465-469. doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00603-w. Epub 2020 Jan 25. PMID- 31979210 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200930 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 2 DP - 2020 Jan 23 TI - (-)-Epicatechin Reduces the Blood Pressure of Young Borderline Hypertensive Rats During the Post-Treatment Period. LID - 10.3390/antiox9020096 [doi] LID - 96 AB - This study investigated the effects of (-)-epicatechin (Epi) in young male borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) during two weeks of treatment (Epi group, 100 mg/kg/day p.o.) and two weeks post treatment (PE group). Epi reduced blood pressure (BP), which persisted for two weeks post treatment. This was associated with delayed reduction of anxiety-like behaviour. Epi significantly increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in the aorta and left heart ventricle (LHV) vs. the age-matched controls without affecting the brainstem and frontal neocortex. Furthermore, Epi significantly reduced the superoxide production in the aorta and relative content of iron-containing compounds in blood. Two weeks post treatment, the NOS activities and superoxide productions in the heart and aorta did not differ from the age-matched controls. The gene expressions of the NOSs (nNOS, iNOS, eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) remained unaltered in the aorta and LHV of the Epi and PE groups. In conclusion, while Epi-induced a decrease of the rats' BP persisted for two weeks post treatment, continuous Epi treatments seem to be necessary for maintaining elevated NO production as well as redox balance in the heart and aorta without changes in the NOSs, Nrf2, and PPAR-gamma gene expressions. FAU - Kluknavsky, Michal AU - Kluknavsky M AD - Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Balis, Peter AU - Balis P AD - Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Skratek, Martin AU - Skratek M AD - Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Manka, Jan AU - Manka J AD - Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Bernatova, Iveta AU - Bernatova I AD - Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia. LA - eng GR - APVV-16-0263/Agentura na Podporu Vyskumu a Vyvoja/ GR - VEGA-2/0160/17/Vedecka Grantova Agentura MSVVaS SR a SAV/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200123 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC7071046 OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-epicatechin OT - Nrf2 OT - PPAR-gamma OT - borderline hypertensive rats OT - iron OT - nitric oxide OT - open field OT - redox balance COIS- The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding the contents of the submission. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2020/01/26 06:00 MHDA- 2020/01/26 06:01 PMCR- 2020/01/23 CRDT- 2020/01/26 06:00 PHST- 2019/12/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/01/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/01/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/01/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/01/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox9020096 [pii] AID - antioxidants-09-00096 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox9020096 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jan 23;9(2):96. doi: 10.3390/antiox9020096. PMID- 31955788 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210301 LR - 20210301 IS - 1873-7145 (Electronic) IS - 0963-9969 (Linking) VI - 128 DP - 2020 Feb TI - The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature. PG - 108749 LID - S0963-9969(19)30635-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749 [doi] AB - Hypertension (HTN) is a worldwide epidemic in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. In recent years, several studies have reported associations between specific dietary ingredients and improving HTN. Nutraceuticals are natural food components with pharmacological properties. Reports suggest that functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients might support patients to obtain the desired therapeutic blood pressure (BP) goals and reduce cardiovascular risks by modulating various risk factors such as oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivity, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and vascular resistance. We review the recent clinical experiments that have evaluated the biological and pharmacological activities of several types of nutraceuticals, including sour tea, cocoa, common spices, vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, milk's tripeptides, calcium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prebiotics in preventing and treating HTN. This review summarizes recent knowledge about the impact of common nutraceuticals for the regulation of BP. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Ghaffari, Samad AU - Ghaffari S AD - Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Roshanravan, Neda AU - Roshanravan N AD - Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: roshanravann@tbzmed.ac.ir. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20191107 PL - Canada TA - Food Res Int JT - Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) JID - 9210143 SB - IM MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control/*therapy OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular diseases OT - Functional foods OT - Hypertension OT - Inflammation OT - Nutraceuticals OT - Oxidative stress EDAT- 2020/01/21 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/02 06:00 CRDT- 2020/01/21 06:00 PHST- 2019/05/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/10/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/02 06:00 [medline] AID - S0963-9969(19)30635-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Res Int. 2020 Feb;128:108749. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749. Epub 2019 Nov 7. PMID- 31933112 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200309 LR - 20261011 IS - 1573-9104 (Electronic) IS - 0921-9668 (Linking) VI - 75 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Mar TI - Effects of Cocoa-Derived Polyphenols on Cognitive Function in Humans. Systematic Review and Analysis of Methodological Aspects. PG - 1-11 LID - 10.1007/s11130-019-00779-x [doi] AB - The effects of cocoa-derived polyphenols on cognitive functions have been analyzed through numerous studies using different interventions (doses, vehicles, time frame, cognition tests, and characteristics of participants) which may hamper the interpretation and comparison of findings across investigations. Thus, a systematic review was conducted to analyze the effects of cocoa-derived polyphenols intake on human cognition and discuss the methodological aspects that may contribute to the heterogeneity of findings. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of cocoa polyphenols on cognitive function in healthy subjects were selected according to selection criteria. Twelve studies were selected. Quality was assessed according to the Cochrane risk for bias tool. The most common risk for bias was the lack of information about the sequence generation process. Effects on cognitive function were observed after consumption of 50 mg/day of (-)-epicatechin and in studies using a component-matched placebo and cocoa as the polyphenol vehicle given to healthy adults (18-50 years). Memory (n = 5) and executive function (n = 4) showed the most significant effects with medium and large effect sizes after intake of intermediate doses of cocoa flavanols (500-750 mg/day). Overall, this set of studies suggest a positive effect of cocoa polyphenols on memory and executive function. However, the available evidence is very diverse and future studies may address the identified sources of variation to strengthen current evidence on this promising field. FAU - Barrera-Reyes, Paloma K AU - Barrera-Reyes PK AD - Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de Mexico, DF, Mexico. FAU - de Lara, Josue Cortes-Fernandez AU - de Lara JC AD - Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de Mexico, DF, Mexico. FAU - Gonzalez-Soto, Melissa AU - Gonzalez-Soto M AD - Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de Mexico, DF, Mexico. FAU - Tejero, M Elizabeth AU - Tejero ME AD - Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de Mexico, DF, Mexico. etejero@inmegen.gob.mx. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review PL - Netherlands TA - Plant Foods Hum Nutr JT - Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) JID - 8803554 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - *Chocolate MH - *Cognition MH - Humans MH - Polyphenols OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brain function OT - Chocolate OT - Cocoa flavanols OT - Cognition OT - Epicatechin OT - Flavanols OT - Research methods EDAT- 2020/01/15 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/10 06:00 CRDT- 2020/01/15 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/01/15 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11130-019-00779-x [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11130-019-00779-x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2020 Mar;75(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s11130-019-00779-x. PMID- 31918018 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210104 LR - 20210104 IS - 1096-1186 (Electronic) IS - 1043-6618 (Linking) VI - 152 DP - 2020 Feb TI - The beneficial health effects of flavonoids on the cardiovascular system: Focus on K(+) channels. PG - 104625 LID - S1043-6618(19)32156-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104625 [doi] AB - Substantial experimental evidences support the hypothesis that dietary flavonoid intake has a favourable impact on cardiovascular diseases such as systemic, arterial hypertension and coronary artery diseases, which represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The biological effects of flavonoids involve complex biochemical interactions with numerous, specific, cellular and molecular targets. K(+) channels, fine modulators of both cardiac action potential and vascular cell membrane potential, represent one of these targets. Overexpression, downregulation or dysfunction of these channel proteins are the cause of many cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it appears of particular interest a detailed analysis of the flavonoid potential, direct/indirect modulation of cardiovascular K(+) channels as these natural compounds ingested with the diet, despite extensive gut metabolism, may accumulate at cellular level in the form of the parent aglycones. The present review will portray their effects on cardiovascular K(+) channels. Molecular docking was used to strengthen experimental evidences and describe flavonoid-channel interactions at molecular level. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Fusi, F AU - Fusi F AD - Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Universita degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. FAU - Trezza, A AU - Trezza A AD - Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Universita degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. FAU - Tramaglino, M AU - Tramaglino M AD - Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Universita degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. FAU - Sgaragli, G AU - Sgaragli G AD - Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universita degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. FAU - Saponara, S AU - Saponara S AD - Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universita degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. Electronic address: simona.saponara@unisi.it. FAU - Spiga, O AU - Spiga O AD - Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Universita degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20200107 PL - Netherlands TA - Pharmacol Res JT - Pharmacological research JID - 8907422 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Potassium Channels) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Molecular Dynamics Simulation MH - Potassium Channels/*physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Acacetin (PubChem CID: 5280442) OT - Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443) OT - Apigenin trimethyl-ether (PubChem CID: 79730) OT - Daidzein (PubChem CID: 5281708) OT - Docking simulation OT - Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 72276) OT - Epicatechin gallate (PubChem CID: 107905) OT - Epigallocatechin (PubChem CID: 72277) OT - Epigallocatechin gallate (PubChem CID: 65064) OT - Flavonoid OT - Genistein (PubChem CID: 5280961) OT - Hesperetin (PubChem CID: 72281) OT - Kaempferol (PubChem CID: 5280863) OT - Morin (PubChem CID: 5281670) OT - Myricetin (PubChem CID: 5281672) OT - Naringenin (PubChem CID: 932) OT - Naringin (PubChem CID: 442428) OT - Patch-clamp OT - Potassium channel OT - Puerarin (PubChem CID: 5281807) OT - Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343) COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2020/01/10 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/05 06:00 CRDT- 2020/01/10 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/12/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/12/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/01/10 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1043-6618(19)32156-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104625 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pharmacol Res. 2020 Feb;152:104625. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104625. Epub 2020 Jan 7. PMID- 31907636 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200914 LR - 20261011 IS - 1534-3111 (Electronic) IS - 1522-6417 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Jan 6 TI - Cocoa Consumption and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Elderly Subjects: a Meta-Analysis. PG - 1 LID - 10.1007/s11906-019-1005-0 [doi] AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The effect of cocoa consumption on blood pressure (BP) has been investigated in previous studies; however, to date, no meta-analysis has been conducted specific to middle-aged and elderly subjects. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cocoa consumption on indices of blood pressure, in middle-aged and elderly subjects. RECENT FINDINGS: Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched until March 2019. The quantitative Jadad scale was used as the systematic assessment of bias in the included trials. We used a random effects model to estimate the pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We further conducted sensitivity analysis and stratified analysis by baseline blood pressure, follow-up duration, and mean age. Thirteen studies with 758 total participants were included in the present meta-analysis. A significant reduction in SBP by 2.77 (95% CI - 5.28, - 0.27, P = 0.03, I(2) = 89%) and DBP by 1.47 mm/Hg (- 95% CI - 2.40, - 0.55, P = 0.001, I(2) = 45%) were observed after cocoa consumption. Stratified analyses showed BP-lowering effects of cocoa consumption in longer-term duration and hypertensive subgroups. Our meta-analysis showed a significant inverse association between cocoa consumption and SBP/DBP. However, the analysis could not conclude any beneficial effect of cocoa consumption on blood pressure in normotensive/elevated blood pressure subjects. Therefore, further studies are warranted to affirm the efficacy of cocoa consumption for the improvement of blood pressure in elderly subjects. FAU - Jafarnejad, Sadegh AU - Jafarnejad S AD - Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran. sjafarnejad@alumnus.tums.ac.ir. FAU - Salek, Mina AU - Salek M AD - Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran. FAU - Clark, Cain C T AU - Clark CCT AD - Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis DEP - 20200106 PL - United States TA - Curr Hypertens Rep JT - Current hypertension reports JID - 100888982 RN - 0 (Sweetening Agents) SB - IM CIN - Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020 Sep 24;22(11):94. doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01104-7. PMID: 32974762 MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Chocolate MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - Diet MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension MH - Middle Aged MH - Sweetening Agents OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - Cocoa OT - Elderly OT - Meta-analysis OT - Middle-aged EDAT- 2020/01/08 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/15 06:00 CRDT- 2020/01/08 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s11906-019-1005-0 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11906-019-1005-0 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020 Jan 6;22(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s11906-019-1005-0. PMID- 31890845 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 2352-7714 (Print) IS - 2352-7714 (Electronic) IS - 2352-7714 (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2019 Dec TI - A one health exploration of the reasons for low cocoa productivity in West Sulawesi. PG - 100107 LID - 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100107 [doi] LID - 100107 AB - We conducted an interdisciplinary One Health study of potential links between agricultural, health and associated livelihood factors on the livelihoods of smallholder cocoa-growing families in West Sulawesi. Our 2017 survey of 509 cocoa smallholder family members in 120 households in Polewali-Mandar District, West Sulawesi, Indonesia showed that farmers face many challenges to improving their livelihoods, including land management, agricultural practices, nutrition and human health, animal health, aging and demographic changes. Price fluctuations, limited access to capital and poor health deterred farmers from applying agricultural inputs and resulted in levels of low cocoa production (275 kg/annum per household). While market demand for live goats in the region is substantial and expected to increase, uptake of mixed farming with goats by smallholders was low. However, most households kept chickens. Bank accounts were held by 31% of households. Inadequate sanitation and unsafe water were reported in >50% households. Anthropometric measures showed that 42% of children under five years were significantly stunted and 32% of women were overweight. Joint, back pain and blurry vision were reported by 30% of adult respondents. High blood pressure contributed to complications in 20% of pregnancies. Primary health care provided by district health services mainly focuses on maternal and child health, leaving chronic health problems such as Type 2 diabetes, cataracts, arthritis and mental illness under-diagnosed, and if diagnosed, with inadequate treatment. Availability of food was a source of worry for 58% of households with 63% reporting limited food variety. Dietary diversity was low with an average of four out of ten food categories consumed in each household. Positive correlations were recorded for household cocoa productivity, land size, dietary diversity and perceptions that food availability and variety was sufficient. The results showed that an integrated One Health approach provides deep understanding of priority areas for improving livelihoods. CI - Crown Copyright (c) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Arsyad, Dian Sidik AU - Arsyad DS AD - Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. FAU - Nasir, Sudirman AU - Nasir S AD - Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. FAU - Arundhana, Andi Imam AU - Arundhana AI AD - Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. FAU - Phan-Thien, Kim-Yen AU - Phan-Thien KY AD - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia. FAU - Toribio, Jenny-Ann AU - Toribio JA AD - Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia. FAU - McMahon, Peter AU - McMahon P AD - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia. FAU - Guest, David I AU - Guest DI AD - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia. FAU - Walton, Merrilyn AU - Walton M AD - Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191026 PL - Netherlands TA - One Health JT - One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) JID - 101660501 PMC - PMC6931222 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chronic conditions OT - Cocoa smallholders OT - Food availability OT - Integrated health OT - Mixed farming OT - Nutrition OT - One health OT - Productivity COIS- The authors declare they have no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/01/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/01/01 06:01 PMCR- 2019/10/26 CRDT- 2020/01/01 06:00 PHST- 2019/07/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/09/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/09/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/10/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2352-7714(19)30056-4 [pii] AID - 100107 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100107 [doi] PST - epublish SO - One Health. 2019 Oct 26;8:100107. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100107. eCollection 2019 Dec. PMID- 31840162 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200423 LR - 20240328 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 111 IP - 2 DP - 2020 Feb 1 TI - Two apples a day lower serum cholesterol and improve cardiometabolic biomarkers in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. PG - 307-318 LID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqz282 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Apples are rich in bioactive polyphenols and fiber. Evidence suggests that consumption of apples or their bioactive components is associated with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and other markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, adequately powered randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these data and explore the mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effects of apple consumption on circulating lipids, vascular function, and other CVD risk markers. METHODS: The trial was a randomized, controlled, crossover, intervention study. Healthy mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers (23 women, 17 men), with a mean +/- SD BMI 25.3 +/- 3.7 kg/m2 and age 51 +/- 11 y, consumed 2 apples/d [Renetta Canada, rich in proanthocyanidins (PAs)] or a sugar- and energy-matched apple control beverage (CB) for 8 wk each, separated by a 4-wk washout period. Fasted blood was collected before and after each treatment. Serum lipids, glucose, insulin, bile acids, and endothelial and inflammation biomarkers were measured, in addition to microvascular reactivity, using laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis, and arterial stiffness, using pulse wave analysis. RESULTS: Whole apple (WA) consumption decreased serum total (WA: 5.89 mmol/L; CB: 6.11 mmol/L; P = 0.006) and LDL cholesterol (WA: 3.72 mmol/L; CB: 3.86 mmol/L; P = 0.031), triacylglycerol (WA: 1.17 mmol/L; CB: 1.30 mmol/L; P = 0.021), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (WA: 153.9 ng/mL; CB: 159.4 ng/mL; P = 0.028), and increased serum uric acid (WA: 341.4 mumol/L; CB: 330 mumol/L; P = 0.020) compared with the CB. The response to endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilation was greater after the apples [WA: 853 perfusion units (PU), CB: 760 PU; P = 0.037] than after the CB. Apples had no effect on blood pressure or other CVD markers. CONCLUSIONS: These data support beneficial hypocholesterolemic and vascular effects of the daily consumption of PA-rich apples by mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01988389. CI - Copyright (c) The Author(s) 2019. FAU - Koutsos, Athanasios AU - Koutsos A AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. AD - Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. FAU - Riccadonna, Samantha AU - Riccadonna S AD - Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. FAU - Ulaszewska, Maria M AU - Ulaszewska MM AD - Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. FAU - Franceschi, Pietro AU - Franceschi P AD - Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. FAU - Trost, Kajetan AU - Trost K AD - Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. AD - Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark. FAU - Galvin, Amanda AU - Galvin A AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. FAU - Braune, Tanya AU - Braune T AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. FAU - Fava, Francesca AU - Fava F AD - Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. FAU - Perenzoni, Daniele AU - Perenzoni D AD - Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. FAU - Mattivi, Fulvio AU - Mattivi F AD - Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. AD - Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy. FAU - Tuohy, Kieran M AU - Tuohy KM AD - Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy. FAU - Lovegrove, Julie A AU - Lovegrove JA AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01988389 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) RN - S5J5OE47MK (Phloretin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Diet MH - Endothelium, Vascular/physiology MH - Female MH - *Fruit MH - Humans MH - Hypercholesterolemia/*blood/diet therapy MH - Male MH - *Malus MH - Middle Aged MH - Nutritive Value MH - Phloretin/metabolism MH - Urinalysis MH - Vascular Stiffness PMC - PMC6997084 OTO - NOTNLM OT - apple OT - bile acids OT - cholesterol OT - fiber OT - flavanols OT - lipid OT - polyphenols OT - proanthocyanidins OT - sex OT - vascular EDAT- 2019/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2020/04/24 06:00 PMCR- 2019/12/16 CRDT- 2019/12/17 06:00 PHST- 2019/07/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/04/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/12/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/12/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0002-9165(22)01006-1 [pii] AID - nqz282 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqz282 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Feb 1;111(2):307-318. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz282. PMID- 31817669 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200421 LR - 20200421 IS - 1660-4601 (Electronic) IS - 1661-7827 (Print) IS - 1660-4601 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 24 DP - 2019 Dec 6 TI - Chocolate, "Food of the Gods": History, Science, and Human Health. LID - 10.3390/ijerph16244960 [doi] LID - 4960 AB - Chocolate is well known for its fine flavor, and its history began in ancient times, when the Maya considered chocolate (a cocoa drink prepared with hot water) the "Food of the Gods". The food industry produces many different types of chocolate: in recent years, dark chocolate, in particular, has gained great popularity. Interest in chocolate has grown, owing to its physiological and potential health effects, such as regulation of blood pressure, insulin levels, vascular functions, oxidation processes, prebiotic effects, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. However, further translational and epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm available results and to evaluate other possible effects related to the consumption of cocoa and chocolate, verifying in humans the effects hitherto demonstrated only in vitro, and suggesting how best to consume (in terms of dose, mode, and time) chocolate in the daily diet. FAU - Montagna, Maria Teresa AU - Montagna MT AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2958-5458 AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. FAU - Diella, Giusy AU - Diella G AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. FAU - Triggiano, Francesco AU - Triggiano F AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. FAU - Caponio, Giusy Rita AU - Caponio GR AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. AD - Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy. FAU - De Giglio, Osvalda AU - De Giglio O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0297-9502 AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. FAU - Caggiano, Giuseppina AU - Caggiano G AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. FAU - Di Ciaula, Agostino AU - Di Ciaula A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5476-7376 AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. FAU - Portincasa, Piero AU - Portincasa P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5359-1471 AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. LA - eng PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20191206 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health JT - International journal of environmental research and public health JID - 101238455 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) SB - IM MH - Blood Glucose MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Chocolate/*history MH - History, 16th Century MH - History, 21st Century MH - History, Ancient MH - Humans MH - Lipid Metabolism MH - Neoplasms PMC - PMC6950163 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Food of the Gods OT - Theobroma cacao OT - cardiovascular effects OT - chocolate OT - cocoa OT - nitric oxide COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/12/11 06:00 MHDA- 2020/04/22 06:00 PMCR- 2019/12/01 CRDT- 2019/12/11 06:00 PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/12/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/12/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/12/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/04/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijerph16244960 [pii] AID - ijerph-16-04960 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijerph16244960 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 6;16(24):4960. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16244960. PMID- 31756325 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200817 LR - 20200817 IS - 1873-2968 (Electronic) IS - 0006-2952 (Linking) VI - 173 DP - 2020 Mar TI - (-)-Epicatechin metabolites promote vascular health through epigenetic reprogramming of endothelial-immune cell signaling and reversing systemic low-grade inflammation. PG - 113699 LID - S0006-2952(19)30398-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113699 [doi] AB - Ingestion of (-)-epicatechin flavanols reverses endothelial dysfunction by increasing flow mediated dilation and by reducing vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and transendothelial monocyte migration in vitro and in vivo. This involves multiple changes in gene expression and epigenetic DNA methylation by poorly understood mechanisms. By in silico docking and molecular modeling we demonstrate favorable binding of different glucuronidated, sulfated or methylated (-)-epicatechin metabolites to different DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1/DNMT3A). In favor of this model, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of endothelial cells treated with TNF and different (-)-epicatechin metabolites revealed specific DNA methylation changes in gene networks controlling cell adhesion-extravasation endothelial hyperpermeability as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid, renin-angiotensin and nitric oxide hypertension pathways. Remarkably, blood epigenetic profiles of an 8 weeks intervention with monomeric and oligomeric flavanols (MOF) including (-)-epicatechin in male smokers revealed individual epigenetic gene changes targeting similar pathways as the in vitro exposure experiments in endothelial cells. Furthermore, epigenetic changes following MOF diet intervention oppose atherosclerosis associated epigenetic changes. In line with biological data, the individual epigenetic response to a MOF diet is associated with different vascular health parameters (glutathione peroxidase 1 and endothelin-1 expression, acetylcholine-mediated microvascular response), in part involving systemic shifts in blood immune cell types which reduce the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Altogether, our study suggests that different (-)-epicatechin metabolites promote vascular health in part via epigenetic reprogramming of endothelial-immune cell signaling and reversing systemic low-grade inflammation. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Milenkovic, Dragan AU - Milenkovic D AD - Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States. Electronic address: dragan.milenkovic@inra.fr. FAU - Declerck, Ken AU - Declerck K AD - PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium. FAU - Guttman, Yelena AU - Guttman Y AD - Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. FAU - Kerem, Zohar AU - Kerem Z AD - Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. FAU - Claude, Sylvain AU - Claude S AD - Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. FAU - Weseler, Antje R AU - Weseler AR AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. FAU - Bast, Aalt AU - Bast A AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars, Inc., McLean, VA, United States. FAU - Morand, Christine AU - Morand C AD - Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. FAU - Vanden Berghe, Wim AU - Vanden Berghe W AD - PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium. Electronic address: Wim.vandenberghe@uantwerpen.be. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20191120 PL - England TA - Biochem Pharmacol JT - Biochemical pharmacology JID - 0101032 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 2.1.1.37 (DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases) SB - IM MH - Catechin/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Cell Adhesion/drug effects/genetics MH - DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism MH - DNA Methylation/drug effects MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - Epigenesis, Genetic/*drug effects MH - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects MH - Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/genetics/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology MH - Molecular Docking Simulation MH - Neutrophils/drug effects/immunology MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Signal Transduction/*drug effects/genetics/immunology MH - Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration/drug effects/genetics OTO - NOTNLM OT - Endothelial-immune cell signaling OT - Epicatechin metabolite OT - Epigenetic OT - Systemic low-grade inflammation OT - Vascular health COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2019/11/23 06:00 MHDA- 2020/08/18 06:00 CRDT- 2019/11/23 06:00 PHST- 2019/07/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/11/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/08/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0006-2952(19)30398-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113699 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Mar;173:113699. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113699. Epub 2019 Nov 20. PMID- 31752333 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200601 LR - 20200601 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 11 DP - 2019 Nov 19 TI - The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil. LID - 10.3390/nu11112833 [doi] LID - 2833 AB - A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism. FAU - Ditano-Vazquez, Paola AU - Ditano-Vazquez P AD - Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Torres-Pena, Jose David AU - Torres-Pena JD AD - Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. AD - CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28007 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Galeano-Valle, Francisco AU - Galeano-Valle F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1321-6866 AD - Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain. AD - Instituto de investigacion sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Perez-Caballero, Ana Isabel AU - Perez-Caballero AI AD - Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. AD - CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28007 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Demelo-Rodriguez, Pablo AU - Demelo-Rodriguez P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3096-4711 AD - Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain. AD - Instituto de investigacion sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Lopez-Miranda, Jose AU - Lopez-Miranda J AD - Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. AD - CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28007 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Katsiki, Niki AU - Katsiki N AD - First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece. FAU - Delgado-Lista, Javier AU - Delgado-Lista J AD - Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. AD - CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28007 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Alvarez-Sala-Walther, Luis A AU - Alvarez-Sala-Walther LA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1781-5364 AD - Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain. AD - Instituto de investigacion sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20191119 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Olive Oil) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - *Diet, Healthy MH - *Diet, Mediterranean MH - Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Health Status MH - Humans MH - Lipids/blood MH - Olive Oil MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Protective Factors MH - Risk Assessment MH - Risk Factors MH - *Risk Reduction Behavior MH - Wine PMC - PMC6893438 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular disease OT - diabetes OT - mediterranean diet OT - olive oil OT - polyphenols OT - wine COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/11/23 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/02 06:00 PMCR- 2019/11/01 CRDT- 2019/11/23 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/11/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/11/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu11112833 [pii] AID - nutrients-11-02833 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu11112833 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2019 Nov 19;11(11):2833. doi: 10.3390/nu11112833. PMID- 31690283 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200615 LR - 20231104 IS - 1471-244X (Electronic) IS - 1471-244X (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Nov 6 TI - Depression in middle and older adulthood: the role of immigration, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging. PG - 329 LID - 10.1186/s12888-019-2309-y [doi] LID - 329 AB - BACKGROUND: Little is known about depression in middle-aged and older Canadians and how it is affected by health determinants, particularly immigrant status. This study examined depression and socio-economic, health, immigration and nutrition-related factors in older adults. METHODS: Using weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 27,162) of adults aged 45-85, gender-specific binary logistic regression was conducted with the cross-sectional data using the following variables: 1) Depression (outcome) measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression (CESD-10) rating scale; 2) Immigration status: native-born, recent and mid-term (< 20 years), and long-term immigrants (>/=20 years); and 3) covariates: socioeconomic status, physical health (e.g., multi-morbidity), health behavior (e.g., substance use), over-nutrition (e.g., anthropometrics), under-nutrition (e.g., nutrition risk), and dietary intake. RESULTS: The sample respondents were mainly Canadian-born (82.6%), women (50.6%), 56-65 years (58.9%), earning between C$50,000-99,999 (33.2%), and in a relationship (69.4%). When compared to Canadian-born residents, recent, mid-term (< 20 years), and longer-term (>/= 20 years) immigrant women were more likely to report depression and this relationship was robust to adjustments for 32 covariates (adjusted ORs = 1.19, 2.54, respectively, p < 0.001). For women, not completing secondary school (OR = 1.23, p < 0.05), stage 1 hypertension (OR = 1.31, p < 0.001), chronic pain (OR = 1.79, p < 0.001), low fruit/vegetable intakes (OR = 1.33, p < 0.05), and fruit juice (OR = 1.80, p < 0.001), chocolate (ORs = 1.15-1.66, p's < 0.05), or salty snack (OR = 1.19, p < 0.05) consumption were associated with depression. For all participants, lower grip strength (OR = 1.25, p < 0.001) and high nutritional risk (OR = 2.24, p < 0.001) were associated with depression. For men, being in a relationship (OR = 0.62, p < 0.001), completing post-secondary education (OR = 0.82, p < 0.05), higher fat (ORs = 0.67-83, p's < 0.05) and omega-3 egg intake (OR = 0.86, p < 0.05) as well as moderate intakes of fruits/vegetables and calcium/high vitamin D sources (ORs = 0.71-0.743, p's < 0.05) predicted a lower likelihood of depression. For men, chronic conditions (ORs = 1.36-3.65, p's < 0.001), chronic pain (OR = 1.86, p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.17, p < 0.001), or chocolate consumption (ORs = 1.14-1.72, p's < 0.05) predicted a higher likelihood of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The odds of developing depression were highest among immigrant women. Depression in middle-aged and older adults is also associated with socioeconomic, physical, and nutritional factors and the relationships differ by sex. These results provide insights for mental health interventions specific to adults aged 45-85. FAU - Davison, Karen M AU - Davison KM AD - Faculty of Social Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. AD - Faculty of Science and Horticulture (Health Science), Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. FAU - Lung, Yu AU - Lung Y AD - Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. FAU - Lin, Shen Lamson AU - Lin SL AD - Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. AD - Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. FAU - Tong, Hongmei AU - Tong H AD - Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. FAU - Kobayashi, Karen M AU - Kobayashi KM AD - Faculty of Social Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. FAU - Fuller-Thomson, Esme AU - Fuller-Thomson E AD - Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. esme.fuller.thomson@utoronto.ca. AD - Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. esme.fuller.thomson@utoronto.ca. LA - eng GR - LSA 9447/CIHR/Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20191106 PL - England TA - BMC Psychiatry JT - BMC psychiatry JID - 100968559 SB - IM MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Aging/*psychology MH - Canada/epidemiology MH - Cohort Studies MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Depression/*epidemiology MH - Diet/*statistics & numerical data MH - Emigrants and Immigrants/*statistics & numerical data MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Logistic Models MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Factors MH - Social Class PMC - PMC6833158 OTO - NOTNLM OT - CLSA OT - Older adults OT - depression OT - determinants of health OT - immigration OT - middle-age OT - nutrition COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2019/11/07 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/17 06:00 PMCR- 2019/11/06 CRDT- 2019/11/07 06:00 PHST- 2019/04/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/11/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/11/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/11/06 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12888-019-2309-y [pii] AID - 2309 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12888-019-2309-y [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 6;19(1):329. doi: 10.1186/s12888-019-2309-y. PMID- 31654654 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200728 LR - 20221207 IS - 1095-9319 (Electronic) IS - 0026-2862 (Linking) VI - 128 DP - 2020 Mar TI - Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa beverage improves attenuated cutaneous microvascular function in healthy young African Americans. PG - 103931 LID - S0026-2862(19)30153-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103931 [doi] AB - Flavanols have beneficial effects on vascular health and we have recently demonstrated that cerebral vasodilatory capacity in healthy young African Americans (AA) is improved with acute flavanol intake relative to aged-matched Caucasian Americans (CA). However, whether the positive benefits of acute flavanol consumption would also be present in the cutaneous microvascular circulation of AA remains unknown. Thus, we hypothesized that acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa (FC) would improve the previously reported reduced cutaneous microvascular responses to local heating in young AA. Seven AA and seven CA participated in this double-blind crossover study. Data were collected on two different days, separated by a minimum of one week. Two intradermal microdialysis membranes were inserted in the forearm and each site was randomly assigned to receive lactated Ringer's solution or NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either a non-flavanol containing (NF) beverage or FC beverage. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as cutaneous blood flux/mean arterial pressure and normalized as % maximal CVC (%CVCmax). The difference in %CVCmax between the Ringer's site and NOS inhibited site was calculated to assess NO contribution (Delta %CVCmax). In the Ringer's site, acute consumption of FC beverage improved %CVCmax during 39  degrees C heating when compared to NF beverage in AA (NF: 36 +/- 6 vs. FC: 47 +/- 5%CVCmax; P < .01) while there was similar %CVCmax during 39  degrees C heating between beverages in CA (NF: 55 +/- 4 vs. FC: 59 +/- 5%CVCmax; P = .40). During 39  degrees C heating, NO contribution was significantly higher with FC beverage than NF beverage in AA (NF: 27 +/- 5 vs. FC: 35 +/- 4 Delta %CVCmax; P = .03) while there was similar NO contribution between beverages in CA (NF: 42 +/- 4 vs. FC: 45 +/- 4 Delta %CVCmax; P = .36). This data suggests that acute consumption of FC could be a therapeutic solution to improve an attenuated microvascular function in young AA. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Kim, Kiyoung AU - Kim K AD - Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America. FAU - Brothers, R Matthew AU - Brothers RM AD - Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States of America. Electronic address: matthew.brothers@uta.edu. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20191022 PL - United States TA - Microvasc Res JT - Microvascular research JID - 0165035 RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Black or African American MH - Age Factors MH - *Beverages MH - Blood Flow Velocity MH - *Cacao MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage/adverse effects MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Hyperthermia, Induced MH - Male MH - Microcirculation/*drug effects MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Regional Blood Flow MH - Skin/*blood supply MH - Texas MH - Vasodilation/*drug effects MH - White People MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - African Americans OT - Flavanols OT - Local heating OT - Microdialysis OT - Microvascular function EDAT- 2019/10/28 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/29 06:00 CRDT- 2019/10/27 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/09/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/09/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/10/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/10/27 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0026-2862(19)30153-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103931 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Microvasc Res. 2020 Mar;128:103931. doi: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103931. Epub 2019 Oct 22. PMID- 31632110 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200930 IS - 1178-7007 (Print) IS - 1178-7007 (Electronic) IS - 1178-7007 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2019 TI - Potential role of phytochemicals in metabolic syndrome prevention and therapy. PG - 1987-2002 LID - 10.2147/DMSO.S214550 [doi] AB - Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of cardiovascular risk factors which severely increases the risk of type II diabetes, renal disease and cardiovascular disease. Over the last decades, the role of dietary bioactive substances in features of MetS has been extensively investigated. Due to their multiple properties, these plant-derived natural compounds have demonstrated to provide positive effects in obesity, diabetes, renal and in cardiovascular disease. Catechins of green tea and caffeine reduce body mass index and waist circumference. Catechins, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins of cocoa reduce blood pressure and blood glucose. Curcumin and silymarin exert hepatoprotective effects. Monacolins of red yeast rice are effective cholesterol-lowering agents. However, inconsistent or conflicting results have been found in clinical trials when other promising compounds in vitro or in animal studies, such as policosanol, curcumin or silymarin, were used. Low oral bioavailability of substances, ineffective dosages, inadequate treatment duration and insufficient statistical approach may explain the lack of effectiveness observed in some human studies. Further clinical studies are needed to better understand the role of bioactive compounds in the prevention and management of MetS. CI - (c) 2019 Francini-Pesenti et al. FAU - Francini-Pesenti, Francesco AU - Francini-Pesenti F AD - Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nutrition Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy. FAU - Spinella, Paolo AU - Spinella P AD - Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nutrition Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy. FAU - Calo, Lorenzo A AU - Calo LA AD - Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191001 PL - New Zealand TA - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes JT - Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy JID - 101515585 PMC - PMC6778731 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bioactive substances OT - cardiovascular risk OT - metabolic syndrome OT - nutrition COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. EDAT- 2019/10/22 06:00 MHDA- 2019/10/22 06:01 PMCR- 2019/10/01 CRDT- 2019/10/22 06:00 PHST- 2019/05/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/07/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/10/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/10/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/10/22 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 214550 [pii] AID - 10.2147/DMSO.S214550 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019 Oct 1;12:1987-2002. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S214550. eCollection 2019. PMID- 31631679 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201102 LR - 20220531 IS - 1549-7852 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8398 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 18 DP - 2020 TI - Could grape-based food supplements prevent the development of chronic kidney disease? PG - 3054-3062 LID - 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676195 [doi] AB - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge due to its high prevalence, and it increases the risk of development of end-stage renal disease. Although the pathophysiology of CKD is complicated and has not been fully understood, the elevated oxidative stress is considered to play a central role in the development of this disease, thus it becomes an attractive target for CKD prevention or management. The grape extract is one of the rich sources of antioxidants. Literature demonstrates that the consumption of grape antioxidants has significant benefits to the reduction of oxidative stress in different health conditions. In this article, we reviewed the role of the oxidative stress in CKD pathophysiology, and both the preclinical and clinical findings of anti-oxidative activity of proanthocyanidins in grape extracts (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1 and procyanidin), particularly in subjects with CKD. It has been shown that grape-based antioxidants have beneficial effects on chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, and may also prevent the development of CKD and cardiovascular disease. FAU - Zhu, Jixiao AU - Zhu J AD - Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. AD - Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. FAU - Du, Caigan AU - Du C AD - Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20191021 PL - United States TA - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr JT - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition JID - 8914818 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants MH - *Biflavonoids MH - *Catechin MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Oxidative Stress MH - *Proanthocyanidins MH - *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control MH - *Vitis OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chronic kidney disease OT - antioxidants OT - flavonoids OT - grape OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2019/10/22 06:00 MHDA- 2020/11/03 06:00 CRDT- 2019/10/22 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/11/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/10/22 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676195 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020;60(18):3054-3062. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676195. Epub 2019 Oct 21. PMID- 31585866 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200805 LR - 20220224 IS - 1945-0524 (Electronic) IS - 1945-0516 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Jan 1 TI - Beneficial effects of green tea on age related diseases. PG - 70-91 AB - Green tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceace), has been extensively studied for its putative effects in prevention of age related diseases. Here, we discuss the increasing evidence that consumption of green tea has preventative effects in obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The catechins in green tea has been found to be beneficial in obesity induced by a high-fat diet. These effects are mainly attributable to the gallate esters of catechins, (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3- gallate (EGCG). FAU - Chen, Juan AU - Chen J AD - Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Zhang, Zhi AU - Zhang Z AD - Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Yu, Ping AU - Yu P AD - Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Gan, Wentao AU - Gan W AD - Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Ren, Kaihan AU - Ren K AD - Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Zhang, Fang AU - Zhang F AD - Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Chen, Feng AU - Chen F AD - Department of pharmacy, Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. FAU - Wang, Mingwei AU - Wang M AD - Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, wmw990556@163.com. FAU - Bao, Junzhe AU - Bao J AD - Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Wang, Tengfei AU - Wang T AD - Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200101 PL - Singapore TA - Front Biosci (Schol Ed) JT - Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition) JID - 101485241 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 92587OVD8Z (epicatechin gallate) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) SB - IM MH - Aging MH - Camellia sinensis/drug effects MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - *Functional Food MH - Humans MH - Metabolic Syndrome MH - Obesity MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - *Tea EDAT- 2019/10/06 06:00 MHDA- 2020/08/06 06:00 CRDT- 2019/10/06 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/10/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/08/06 06:00 [medline] AID - 541 [pii] AID - 10.2741/S541 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2020 Jan 1;12(1):70-91. doi: 10.2741/S541. PMID- 31556937 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210625 LR - 20210625 IS - 2168-6173 (Electronic) IS - 2168-6165 (Print) IS - 2168-6165 (Linking) VI - 137 IP - 12 DP - 2019 Dec 1 TI - Effects of Flavanol-Rich Dark Chocolate on Visual Function and Retinal Perfusion Measured With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Randomized Clinical Trial. PG - 1373-1379 LID - 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3731 [doi] AB - IMPORTANCE: A recently reported randomized clinical trial suggested beneficial effects of vasodilating flavanols in dark chocolate on visual function without objective quantification of retinal perfusion. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of dark chocolate flavanols on subjective visual function and retinal perfusion objectively quantified on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized, masked double-blind crossover clinical trial analyzed 22 healthy participants at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany, in July 2018. Analysis was intention to treat. Analysis began in July 2018. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to consume 20 g of dark chocolate containing 400 mg of flavanols or 7.5 g of milk chocolate. Two hours later, visual function and retinal perfusion on OCT angiography were evaluated. Systemic blood pressure was measured to rule out artifacts on OCT angiography. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was macular retinal perfusion quantified as vessel density on OCT angiography. The secondary end point was subjective visual function (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity, Pelli-Robson chart, and Mars chart contrast sensitivity). RESULTS: All 22 participants (13 women [59.1%]; mean [SD] age, 27.3 [11.1] years) completed the trial. No relevant differences in baseline parameters between groups were identified. No change in the primary outcome measure, retinal perfusion, could be detected after consumption of dark vs milk chocolate (superficial plexus 48.0% vs 47.5%, treatment effect: -0.59 [95% CI, -2.68 to 1.50], P = .56; deep plexus 54.1% vs 54.0%, treatment effect: -1.14 [95% CI, -4.01 to 1.73], P = .42). No differences in changes in the secondary outcome parameters Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity, Pelli-Robson chart, or Mars chart contrast sensitivity could be detected. Potentially confounding effects of changes in blood pressure were excluded. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In contrast to a previous similarly sized randomized clinical trial reporting beneficial effects on visual function, no short-term effects of flavanol-rich dark chocolate on automatically assessed retinal blood flow on OCT angiography or subjective visual function were observed in this study. As this small trial does not rule out the possibility of benefits, further trials with larger sample sizes would be needed to rule in or out possible long-term benefits confidently. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register identifier: DRKS00015065. FAU - Siedlecki, Jakob AU - Siedlecki J AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. FAU - Mohr, Niklas AU - Mohr N AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. FAU - Luft, Nikolaus AU - Luft N AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. FAU - Schworm, Benedikt AU - Schworm B AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. FAU - Keidel, Leonie AU - Keidel L AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. FAU - Priglinger, Siegfried G AU - Priglinger SG AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. LA - eng SI - DRKS/DRKS00015065 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - United States TA - JAMA Ophthalmol JT - JAMA ophthalmology JID - 101589539 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM CIN - JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 Dec 1;137(12):1380. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3740. PMID: 31556917 CIN - JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul 1;138(7):799-800. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1493. PMID: 32407456 CIN - JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul 1;138(7):799. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1487. PMID: 32407496 MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Chocolate MH - Contrast Sensitivity/*physiology MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Fluorescein Angiography MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Regional Blood Flow/*physiology MH - Retinal Vessels/*physiology MH - Tomography, Optical Coherence MH - Visual Acuity/*physiology MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC6763974 COIS- Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Siedlecki received previous speaker fees and travel expenses from Novartis Pharma GmbH, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Oculentis OSD Medical GmbH, and Pharm-Allergan GmbH and received personal consultation fees from Bayer AG. Nikolaus Luft received income from honoraria as a lecturer from Alcon Laboratories, Nidek Co Ltd, and CenterVue SpA. Dr Schworm received previous speaker fees and travel expenses from Novartis Pharma GmbH and Topcon. Dr Priglinger received previous speaker fees and/or travel expenses from Novartis Pharma GmbH, Oertli Instrumente AG, Bayer AG, Alcon Pharma GmbH, and Pharm-Allergan GmbH. No other disclosures were reported. EDAT- 2019/09/27 06:00 MHDA- 2021/06/29 06:00 PMCR- 2020/09/26 CRDT- 2019/09/27 06:00 PHST- 2019/09/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/06/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/09/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/09/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2751380 [pii] AID - eoi190068 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3731 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 Dec 1;137(12):1373-1379. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3731. PMID- 31551328 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200429 LR - 20200429 IS - 2150-7511 (Electronic) VI - 10 IP - 5 DP - 2019 Sep 24 TI - Role of Dietary Flavonoid Compounds in Driving Patterns of Microbial Community Assembly. LID - 10.1128/mBio.01205-19 [doi] LID - e01205-19 AB - Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic dietary compounds found in many different plant-based foods. There is increasing evidence that higher flavonoid intake may be causally linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. The bioactivity and bioavailability of many dietary flavonoids can be influenced by gastrointestinal microbiome metabolism. However, the role that habitual flavonoid intake plays in shaping the human gut microbiome is poorly understood. We describe an application of an ecosystem-based analytic approach to nutritional, microbiome, and questionnaire data from a cohort of more than 240 generally healthy adult males to assess the role of dietary flavonoid compounds in driving patterns of microbial community assembly. We identified six subclass-specific microbial communities (SMCs) uniquely and independently associated with intakes of the six flavonoid subclasses. Eggerthela lenta was positively associated with intakes of flavonol and flavanone, and Adlercreutzia equolifaciens was positively associated with intakes of flavonols and flavanol monomers. In contrast, for nearly all flavonoid subclasses, Flavonifractor plautii was inversely associated with subclass consumption. Consuming tea at least once per week explained 10.4% of the total variance in assembly of the 20 species comprising the flavanol monomer SMC. The novel methodology employed, necessitated by multidimensional microbiome data that consist of nonindependent features that exhibit a wide range of distributions and mean values, addresses a major challenge in our ability to understand associations of the microbiome in a wide range of clinical and epidemiologic settings.IMPORTANCE Dietary flavonoids, which have been implicated in lowering chronic disease risk and improving blood pressure, represent a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found in many commonly consumed foods such as tea, red wine, apples, and berries. The bioactivity and bioavailability of more dietary flavonoids can be influenced by gastrointestinal microbiome metabolism. With demonstrated prebiotic and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in animal models, it is surprising that there are not many human studies investigating the role dietary flavonoids play in shaping the gastrointestinal microbiome. Our analysis revealed patterns of community assembly that uniquely and independently characterize an individual's exposure to various flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, this study confirmed, independent from effects of other dietary and lifestyle factors included in the multivariate-adjusted model, that flavonoid intake is associated with microbial community assembly. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Ivey et al. FAU - Ivey, Kerry L AU - Ivey KL AD - Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA kivey@hsph.harvard.edu. AD - Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - Chan, Andrew T AU - Chan AT AD - Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. AD - Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. FAU - Izard, Jacques AU - Izard J AD - Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. AD - School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. AD - Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. FAU - Cassidy, Aedin AU - Cassidy A AD - Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland. FAU - Rogers, Geraint B AU - Rogers GB AD - Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. AD - College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - Rimm, Eric B AU - Rimm EB AD - Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. AD - Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 CA202704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 CA152904/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - K24 DK098311/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - U54 DE023798/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States GR - UM1 CA167552/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL035464/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20190924 PL - United States TA - mBio JT - mBio JID - 101519231 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM CIN - Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Dec;17(12):721. doi: 10.1038/s41579-019-0287-1. PMID: 31624359 MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*drug effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Microbiota/*drug effects MH - Middle Aged MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States PMC - PMC6759757 OTO - NOTNLM OT - diet OT - flavonoid OT - microbiome EDAT- 2019/09/26 06:00 MHDA- 2020/04/30 06:00 PMCR- 2019/09/24 CRDT- 2019/09/26 06:00 PHST- 2019/09/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/09/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/04/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/09/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - mBio.01205-19 [pii] AID - mBio01205-19 [pii] AID - 10.1128/mBio.01205-19 [doi] PST - epublish SO - mBio. 2019 Sep 24;10(5):e01205-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01205-19. PMID- 31526307 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210713 LR - 20210713 IS - 1541-1087 (Electronic) IS - 0731-5724 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 5 DP - 2020 Jul TI - The Effect of a Single Dose of Dark Chocolate on Cardiovascular Parameters and Their Reactivity to Mental Stress. PG - 414-421 LID - 10.1080/07315724.2019.1662341 [doi] AB - Objective: This study investigated the effect of a single administration of dark or milk chocolate on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and double product (DP) in young healthy women at rest and during acute mental stress.Method: Measurements consisted of anthropometry, BP, and HR. Mean arterial BP (MAP) and DP were computed. The relative reactivity of individual variables was quantified as to their percentage change during the rest or test of mental arithmetic (MA) with respect to the respective baseline value. All subjects underwent two tests of MA-one before chocolate administration and the second one 2 hours after chocolate (1 mg/g of body weight) ingestion.Results: Two hours after ingestion at rest, dark chocolate administration resulted in a significant increase in relative values of systolic BP and DP by 5.1% +/- 1.4% and 13.7% +/- 3.2%, respectively, compared to the responses in the milk chocolate group (-2.4% +/- 1.6% and 0.6% +/- 3.4%, respectively, p < 0.04 for both comparisons) without changes in diastolic BP, HR, and MAP. During MA-induced acute stress, the relative magnitude of the reactivity of diastolic BP, HR, MAP, and DP decreased by about 10, 16, 8, and 23 percentage points, respectively, 2 hours after ingestion of dark chocolate compared to the relative reactivity determined before dark chocolate ingestion. Milk chocolate failed to affect any of the above-mentioned parameters at rest or during stress.Conclusions: The single oral intake of 85% dark chocolate increased relative values of systolic BP and DP at rest but buffered the reactivity of diastolic BP, HR, MAP, and DP during mental stress, which was not found after ingestion of milk chocolate. Thus, dark chocolate might have a beneficial effect during acute stress due to its ability to buffer cardiovascular reactivity in young healthy women. FAU - Regecova, Valeria AU - Regecova V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2369-5357 AD - Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Jurkovicova, Jana AU - Jurkovicova J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0892-5572 AD - Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Babjakova, Jana AU - Babjakova J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1491-0067 AD - Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Bernatova, Iveta AU - Bernatova I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6120-706X AD - Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Bratislava, Slovakia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190917 PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Nutr JT - Journal of the American College of Nutrition JID - 8215879 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Acute Disease MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects MH - Catechin/*pharmacokinetics MH - *Chocolate MH - Cognition/drug effects MH - Eating/*physiology MH - Female MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Rest/physiology MH - Stress, Psychological/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - chocolate OT - double product OT - mental stress OT - pressor reactivity EDAT- 2019/09/19 06:00 MHDA- 2021/07/14 06:00 CRDT- 2019/09/19 06:00 PHST- 2019/09/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/07/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/09/19 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/07315724.2019.1662341 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Nutr. 2020 Jul;39(5):414-421. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1662341. Epub 2019 Sep 17. PMID- 31524216 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200225 LR - 20200225 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 10 DP - 2019 Oct 16 TI - Dose-response relationship between cocoa flavanols and human endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. PG - 6322-6330 LID - 10.1039/c9fo01747j [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Several intervention studies have investigated the relationship between cocoa flavanols and endothelial function. However, the shape of the association and the type of compounds responsible for the effects are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the dose-response association between the consumption of cocoa flavanols and endothelial function, measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). DESIGN: Two investigators searched Scopus(R) for the relevant human intervention studies, which were pooled and meta-analysed. Heterogeneity in the findings was explored with various subgroup analyses. RESULTS: Fifteen published articles with 18 intervention arms met the inclusion criteria. Participants in these intervention groups received 80 to 1248 mg (mean: 704 mg) more flavanols than control groups. A significant improvement of FMD by 1.17% (95% CI: 0.76% to 1.57%) was calculated, with strong evidence of a non-linear association (inverted U-shape) between cocoa flavanols and FMD. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides evidence that cocoa flavanols could significantly improve endothelial function, with an optimal effect observed with 710 mg total flavanols, 95 mg (-)-epicatechin or 25 mg (+)-catechin. However, there was substantial variation in the results that could not be explained by the characteristics that we explored, and there were significant risk-of-bias concerns with a large majority of the studies. FAU - Sun, Ye AU - Sun Y AD - Nestle Research Centre Singapore, Singapore. lucas.actisgoretta@rdsg.nestle.com. FAU - Zimmermann, Diane AU - Zimmermann D FAU - De Castro, Carlos Antonio AU - De Castro CA FAU - Actis-Goretta, Lucas AU - Actis-Goretta L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Chocolate/analysis MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology MH - Female MH - Flavonols/analysis/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic EDAT- 2019/09/17 06:00 MHDA- 2020/02/26 06:00 CRDT- 2019/09/17 06:00 PHST- 2019/09/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/02/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/09/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/c9fo01747j [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2019 Oct 16;10(10):6322-6330. doi: 10.1039/c9fo01747j. PMID- 31359516 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191119 LR - 20200108 IS - 1099-1573 (Electronic) IS - 0951-418X (Linking) VI - 33 IP - 9 DP - 2019 Sep TI - Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health. PG - 2221-2243 LID - 10.1002/ptr.6419 [doi] AB - This review gives an updated picture of each class of phenolic compounds and their properties. The most common classification implies the subdivision of phenolics in two main groups: flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, flavonones, and isoflavones) and non-flavonoids (e.g., phenolic acids, xanthones, stilbens, lignans, and tannins) polyphenols. The great interest in polyphenols is associated with their high potential application for food preservation and for therapeutic beneficial use. The relationship between polyphenol intake and human health has been exploited with special reference to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cancer. The use of current existing databases of bioactive compounds including polyphenols is described as key tools for human health research. CI - (c) 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. FAU - Durazzo, Alessandra AU - Durazzo A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7747-9107 AD - CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy. FAU - Lucarini, Massimo AU - Lucarini M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6178-9779 AD - CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy. FAU - Souto, Eliana B AU - Souto EB AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9737-6017 AD - Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal. AD - CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. FAU - Cicala, Carla AU - Cicala C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8977-8251 AD - Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. FAU - Caiazzo, Elisabetta AU - Caiazzo E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5667-5176 AD - Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. FAU - Izzo, Angelo A AU - Izzo AA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8557-2133 AD - Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. FAU - Novellino, Ettore AU - Novellino E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2181-2142 AD - Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. FAU - Santini, Antonello AU - Santini A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5505-3327 AD - Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190729 PL - England TA - Phytother Res JT - Phytotherapy research : PTR JID - 8904486 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Flavanones) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Isoflavones) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Tannins) SB - IM MH - Anthocyanins/*metabolism MH - Flavanones/*metabolism MH - Flavonols/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Isoflavones/*metabolism MH - Polyphenols/*chemistry/metabolism MH - Tannins/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Food Composition Databases OT - anthocyanins OT - cancer OT - cardiovascular disease OT - flavonoids OT - metabolic syndrome OT - phytoestrogens OT - polyphenol intake OT - proanthocyanidins EDAT- 2019/07/31 06:00 MHDA- 2019/11/20 06:00 CRDT- 2019/07/31 06:00 PHST- 2019/04/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/05/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/05/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/07/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/11/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/07/31 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/ptr.6419 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytother Res. 2019 Sep;33(9):2221-2243. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6419. Epub 2019 Jul 29. PMID- 31325499 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201217 LR - 20201217 IS - 1878-1780 (Electronic) IS - 1262-3636 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Feb TI - Metabolic and psychological effects of short-term increased consumption of less-processed foods in daily diets: A Pilot Study. PG - 66-69 LID - S1262-3636(19)30097-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.07.002 [doi] AB - AIM: This study evaluated whether the consumption of locally produced food without additives might have a positive effect on known risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, and levels of fasting glucose and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Attention was focused on various types of cheese, sausages, fresh pasta, pastries, biscuits and chocolate without additives to make them palatable and durable for transport. METHODS: Healthy volunteers were randomized to purchase the foods under study from either local producers not using additives (group 1) or supermarkets (group 2). At baseline and after 6 months, both groups underwent evaluation for weight, blood pressure, VAT, serum sodium, potassium, fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide and creatinine levels, and also the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) by examiners blinded to group allocation. At baseline, the state part of the STAI and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV were also performed, and body mass index, HOMA index and estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated. RESULTS: Data for 159 subjects (89 in group 1, 70 in group 2) were analyzed. Baseline evaluations did not differ between groups. At 6 months, HOMA scores and fasting glucose levels were lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P<0.01). Also, in group 1, VAT (P=0.006), systolic blood pressure (P=0.001) and BDI-II score (P=0.0005) were decreased, whereas serum fasting glucose (P=0.04) and C-peptide (P=0.03) levels, and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.02), were increased in group 2. CONCLUSION: Consumption of the locally produced food under study improved some of the major risk factors for NCDs after 6 months. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. FAU - Migliaretti, G AU - Migliaretti G AD - Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.migliaretti@unito.it. FAU - Ame, C AU - Ame C AD - Medical Team, Turin, Italy. FAU - Ciullo, S AU - Ciullo S AD - Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. FAU - Fontana, E AU - Fontana E AD - Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. FAU - Stura, I AU - Stura I AD - Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy. FAU - Nano, E AU - Nano E AD - Graduate Institute Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. FAU - Laino, F AU - Laino F AD - Palliative Care and Pain Therapy Unit and, Hospital Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy. FAU - Isoardo, G AU - Isoardo G AD - Palliative Care and Pain Therapy Unit and, Hospital Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190717 PL - France TA - Diabetes Metab JT - Diabetes & metabolism JID - 9607599 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) SB - IM MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Body Weight/physiology MH - *Diet/methods/psychology/statistics & numerical data MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Interview, Psychological MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pilot Projects MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Daily diet OT - Disability OT - Metabolism OT - Psychological effects EDAT- 2019/07/22 06:00 MHDA- 2020/12/18 06:00 CRDT- 2019/07/21 06:00 PHST- 2019/02/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/06/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/07/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/07/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/12/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/07/21 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1262-3636(19)30097-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.07.002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetes Metab. 2020 Feb;46(1):66-69. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.07.002. Epub 2019 Jul 17. PMID- 31294557 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200226 LR - 20200226 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 68 IP - 7 DP - 2020 Feb 19 TI - Cocoa Flavanols Improve Endothelial Functional Integrity in Healthy Young and Elderly Subjects. PG - 1871-1876 LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02251 [doi] AB - Cocoa flavanols (CFs) can improve flow-mediated dilation (FMD), blood pressure, and vascular stiffness in healthy subjects. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are markers of endothelial functional integrity, reflecting activation and injury. In plasma samples, we investigated whether age-dependent changes in circulating EMPs exist and whether CFs decrease EMPs in healthy humans. The concentrations of CD31(+)/41(-), CD144(+), and CD62e(+) EMPs (flow cytometry) were increased in healthy elderly (n = 19) compared to young (n = 20) non-smokers. EMPs correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity. CD31(+)/41(-) and CD62e(+) EMPs inversely correlated with FMD. Following 2 weeks twice-daily CF consumption (450 mg), CD31(+)/41(-) and CD144(+) EMPs decreased in both young and elderly subjects compared to the CF-free control. The EMP decrease inversely correlated with FMD improvements. Cardiovascular aging is associated with increased EMPs that can be modulated by dietary flavanols along with improvements in vascular function. This indicates that flavanol consumption can improve endothelial functional integrity in healthy humans. FAU - Grone, Michael AU - Grone M FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R FAU - Hoffken, Philip AU - Hoffken P FAU - Horn, Patrick AU - Horn P FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AD - Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King's College London , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , United Kingdom. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars, Incorporated , 6885 Elm Street , McLean , Virginia 22101 , United States. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Surrey , Stag Hill , Guildford GU2 7XH , United Kingdom. LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190812 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (E-Selectin) RN - 0 (Flavanones) RN - 0 (SELE protein, human) RN - WX22P730FB (flavanone) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Cell-Derived Microparticles/chemistry MH - E-Selectin/metabolism MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology MH - Female MH - Flavanones/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Vascular Stiffness MH - Vasodilation MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - age OT - arterial stiffness OT - blood pressure OT - endothelial function OT - endothelial microparticles OT - nutrition EDAT- 2019/07/12 06:00 MHDA- 2020/02/27 06:00 CRDT- 2019/07/12 06:00 PHST- 2019/07/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/02/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/07/12 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02251 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Feb 19;68(7):1871-1876. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02251. Epub 2019 Aug 12. PMID- 31294125 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200930 IS - 2405-8440 (Print) IS - 2405-8440 (Electronic) IS - 2405-8440 (Linking) VI - 5 IP - 6 DP - 2019 Jun TI - Pharmacological properties of Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. PG - e01986 LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01986 [doi] LID - e01986 AB - Medicinal herbs have been increasingly used worldwide for diseases prevention and treatment. Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. is a perennial shrub of the Polygonaceae family. Genus Rheum includes more than 60 species growing around the world which are used in foods and traditional medicines. R. turkestanicum is believed to be able to improve different kinds of disorders including diabetes, hypertension, jaundice and cancer. In recent years, this medicinal plant has been a subject of many experimental studies to document its health-beneficial properties. These studies have revealed antidiabetic, anticancer, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective properties of R. turkestanicum. The presence of flavonoids (e.g. epicatechin and quercetin) and anthraquinones (e.g. chrysophanol, physcion, and emodin) in R. turkestanicum justifies its health-beneficial effects. Nevertheless, possible therapeutic applications and safety of this plant still need to be elucidated in further clinical studies. FAU - Ghorbani, Ahmad AU - Ghorbani A AD - Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. FAU - Amiri, Mohammad Sadegh AU - Amiri MS AD - Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Hosseini, Azar AU - Hosseini A AD - Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190623 PL - England TA - Heliyon JT - Heliyon JID - 101672560 PMC - PMC6595136 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Anticancer OT - Diabetes OT - Nutrition OT - Plant biology OT - Rheum turkestanicum OT - Rhubarb OT - Toxicity EDAT- 2019/07/12 06:00 MHDA- 2019/07/12 06:01 PMCR- 2019/06/23 CRDT- 2019/07/12 06:00 PHST- 2018/12/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/04/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/06/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/07/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/07/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/07/12 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2405-8440(19)35611-7 [pii] AID - e01986 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01986 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Heliyon. 2019 Jun 23;5(6):e01986. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01986. eCollection 2019 Jun. PMID- 31186024 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200504 LR - 20200504 IS - 1475-2891 (Electronic) IS - 1475-2891 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Jun 11 TI - High dietary total antioxidant capacity is associated with a reduced risk of hypertension in French women. PG - 31 LID - 10.1186/s12937-019-0456-0 [doi] LID - 31 AB - BACKGROUND: Although there is evidence for a reduced risk of hypertension associated with fruit and vegetable consumption, the relationship between the total antioxidant capacity of the diet (TAC) and the risk of hypertension has not been previously examined. We aimed to evaluate that association in the large E3N French prospective cohort of women. METHODS: Dietary TAC was estimated using total radical-trapping ability parameter (TRAP) assay food values; self-reported incident hypertension cases were validated. Cox regression models were adjusted for conventional risk factors, body mass index, physical activity, energy, sodium, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and alcohol. RESULTS: After an average 12.7 years of follow up, there were 9350 incident cases of hypertension among 40,576 women. Dietary TAC was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension with a 15% lower risk of hypertension in those in the fifth vs. first quintile (HR(Q5) 0.85 [CI 95% 0.74; 0.95] p-trend 0.03) An inverse dose-effect relationship was observed for dietary TAC excluding coffee (HR(Q5) 0.85 [CI 95% 0.74; 0.95], p-trend 0.0008), while for dietary TAC from coffee, only the highest quintile was inversely associated with risk (HR(Q5) 0.86 [0.75, 0.97], p-trend 0.20). In a fully partitioned model with major dietary TAC contributors, TAC from fruit/vegetables, wine, and miscellaneous sources was inversely associated with risk, while associations with TAC from coffee, tea, and chocolate were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In a large prospective cohort, the risk of incident hypertension in women was inversely associated with the antioxidant capacity of the diet, suggesting that promoting a diet naturally rich in antioxidants might help prevent the development of hypertension. FAU - Villaverde, Paola AU - Villaverde P AD - Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica), Cuernavaca, Mexico. AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. FAU - Lajous, Martin AU - Lajous M AD - Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica), Cuernavaca, Mexico. AD - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - MacDonald, Conor-James AU - MacDonald CJ AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. FAU - Fagherazzi, Guy AU - Fagherazzi G AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. FAU - Bonnet, Fabrice AU - Bonnet F AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Rennes1, F-35043, Rennes, France. AD - CHU Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France. FAU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine AU - Boutron-Ruault MC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5956-5693 AD - INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. marie-christine.boutron@gustaveroussy.fr. AD - Universite Paris-Saclay, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. marie-christine.boutron@gustaveroussy.fr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190611 PL - England TA - Nutr J JT - Nutrition journal JID - 101152213 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antioxidants/*administration & dosage MH - Cohort Studies MH - Diet/*methods MH - Female MH - France/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Assessment PMC - PMC6560825 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dietary total antioxidant capacity OT - Hypertension OT - TRAP assay OT - Women COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2019/06/13 06:00 MHDA- 2020/05/05 06:00 PMCR- 2019/06/11 CRDT- 2019/06/13 06:00 PHST- 2019/01/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/05/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/06/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/06/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/05/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/06/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12937-019-0456-0 [pii] AID - 456 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12937-019-0456-0 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr J. 2019 Jun 11;18(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12937-019-0456-0. PMID- 31144780 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200716 LR - 20200716 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 18 DP - 2019 Sep TI - Dietary Cocoa Prevents Aortic Remodeling and Vascular Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. PG - e1900044 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.201900044 [doi] AB - SCOPE: The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential protective effect of a cocoa-rich diet on functional and structural vascular alterations in diabetes and the mechanism involved. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats are fed on a standard (ZDF-C) or cocoa-rich diet (ZDF-Co) from week 10 to 20 of life. Diabetic ZDF-C rats showed increased blood pressure and enhanced aortic stiffness, as demonstrated by the increased pulse pressure and the augmented aortic medial thickness with loss and disruption of elastic fibres. Interestingly, cocoa intake strongly avoided all these adverse effects and reduced aortic oxidative stress. Mechanistically, cocoa diet prevented sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) depletion and increased NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and reactive oxygen species production as well as reduced active nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and their antioxidant products. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate for the first time that a cocoa-rich diet strongly prevents aortic stiffening and remodeling in diabetic animals and avoids aortic oxidative stress. It is suggested that this effect could be mediated via its effects on SIRT-1, NOXs, and Nrf2. CI - (c) 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Alvarez-Cilleros, David AU - Alvarez-Cilleros D AD - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion, 28040, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Lopez-Oliva, Maria Elvira AU - Lopez-Oliva ME AD - Departamento de Fisiologia. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Morales-Cano, Daniel AU - Morales-Cano D AD - Departamento de Farmacologia. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII 28029 Madrid, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, 28007, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Barreira, Bianca AU - Barreira B AD - Departamento de Farmacologia. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII 28029 Madrid, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, 28007, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Perez-Vizcaino, Francisco AU - Perez-Vizcaino F AD - Departamento de Farmacologia. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII 28029 Madrid, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, 28007, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Goya, Luis AU - Goya L AD - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion, 28040, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Ramos, Sonia AU - Ramos S AD - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion, 28040, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Martin, Maria Angeles AU - Martin MA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8173-4521 AD - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion, 28040, Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190612 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2) RN - 0 (Nfe2l2 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (Cybb protein, rat) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidase 2) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidase 4) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (Nox4 protein, rat) RN - EC 3.5.1.- (Sirt1 protein, rat) RN - EC 3.5.1.- (Sirtuin 1) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/metabolism MH - Aorta/drug effects/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Weight/drug effects MH - Cacao MH - *Chocolate MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Male MH - NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism MH - NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism MH - NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - Rats, Zucker MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism MH - Sirtuin 1/metabolism MH - Vascular Remodeling/*drug effects/physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Zucker diabetic fatty rats OT - aortic stiffening OT - cocoa diet OT - obesity OT - polyphenols EDAT- 2019/05/31 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/17 06:00 CRDT- 2019/05/31 06:00 PHST- 2019/01/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/05/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/05/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/05/31 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.201900044 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Sep;63(18):e1900044. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201900044. Epub 2019 Jun 12. PMID- 31102958 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200525 LR - 20200525 IS - 1471-4973 (Electronic) IS - 1471-4892 (Linking) VI - 45 DP - 2019 Apr TI - Flavonoids in hypertension: a brief review of the underlying mechanisms. PG - 57-65 LID - S1471-4892(18)30104-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.014 [doi] AB - Flavonoids are a diverse group of bioactive polyphenolic compounds abundant in dietary plants and herbs. Regular consumption of flavonoids exerts cardio-vasculoprotective effects and may reduce the onset or progression of many cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension. Observational studies suggest inverse associations among either of these three combinations: a) anthocyanin intake and risk of myocardial infarction (MI), b) flavanone intake and risk of ischemic stroke and c) flavonol intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show that catechins and quercetin impart significant blood pressure lowering effects. Mechanistically, flavonoids mediate their antihypertensive effects through increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reducing endothelial cell oxidative stress or modulating vascular ion channel activity. In this review, we focus on the six main subgroups of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones. We further discuss their antihypertensive effects, and their possible mechanisms of regulating blood pressure. We conclude by addressing the safety of these compounds as well as their potential use in hypertension management and treatment. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Maaliki, Dina AU - Maaliki D AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. FAU - Shaito, Abdullah A AU - Shaito AA AD - Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon. FAU - Pintus, Gianfranco AU - Pintus G AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. FAU - El-Yazbi, Ahmed AU - El-Yazbi A AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. FAU - Eid, Ali H AU - Eid AH AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: ae81@aub.edu.lb. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20190516 PL - England TA - Curr Opin Pharmacol JT - Current opinion in pharmacology JID - 100966133 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy/physiopathology EDAT- 2019/05/19 06:00 MHDA- 2020/05/26 06:00 CRDT- 2019/05/19 06:00 PHST- 2018/10/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/02/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/04/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/05/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/05/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/05/19 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1471-4892(18)30104-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.014 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2019 Apr;45:57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.014. Epub 2019 May 16. PMID- 31029045 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200924 LR - 20200924 IS - 1873-1244 (Electronic) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 63-64 DP - 2019 Jul-Aug TI - Randomized study of the effects of cocoa-rich chocolate on the ventricle-arterial coupling and vascular function of young, healthy adults. PG - 175-183 LID - S0899-9007(18)31129-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.017 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate and explore the benefits of long-term dark chocolate intake in young, healthy adults by measuring cardiovascular function. METHODS: A randomized study was conducted with 30 healthy participants ages 18 to 27 y. Half of the participants ingested a 20-g dose of lower cocoa chocolate (LCC; approximately 55%; 12.6 +/- 1.4 mg equivalent of epicatechin/g) and the others ingested a daily dose of 20 g of higher cocoa chocolate (HCC; approximately 90%; 18.2 +/- 2.6 mg equivalent of epicatechin/g). A baseline evaluation was performed before the participants started ingesting the assigned chocolate for a 30-d period, after which a final evaluation was performed. Each evaluation included heart ultrasonography, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid pulse wave analysis, flow-mediated slowing (FMS), and an analysis of the ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC), which reflects the matching between the aorta and the left ventricle (ratio of arterial elastance to left ventricle elastance). RESULTS: The baseline evaluation presented similar values within normal range in both groups. The positive vascular effects were overall more distinct in the group eating the HCC. No structural modifications on the heart were found after the intervention, notwithstanding cardiac function was improved on certain functional parameters in the HCC group only. A statistically significant improvement was depicted over the brachial and central systolic and pulse pressures in the HCC group, and a trend for improvement in the reflected waves component (Aix) and the FMS was also observed in the HCC, but not in the LCC group. VAC parameters were similar at baseline between groups, but showed a significant improvement in the HCC group after intervention, increasing from 0.674 to 0.719 (P = 0.004), so that the post-intervention VAC was significantly higher in the HCC group than in the LCC group (P < 0.05). In addition, significant variation was observed in both groups regarding arterial and left ventricle elastances, stroke work, and potential energy, with greater mean differences identified in the HCC group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that regular consumption of HCC has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in young, healthy adults, improving vascular function by reducing central brachial artery pressures and promoting vascular relaxation, and thus enhancing the matching of the arterial system with the left ventricle. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Pereira, Telmo AU - Pereira T AD - Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, LabinSaude, Portugal. Electronic address: telmo@estescoimbra.pt. FAU - Bergqvist, Jacqueline AU - Bergqvist J AD - University of Gothenburgh, Salgrenska Academy, Sweden. FAU - Vieira, Carla AU - Vieira C AD - Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, LabinSaude, Portugal. FAU - Gruner Svealv, Bente AU - Gruner Svealv B AD - University of Gothenburgh, Salgrenska Academy, Sweden. FAU - Castanheira, Joaquim AU - Castanheira J AD - Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, LabinSaude, Portugal. FAU - Conde, Jorge AU - Conde J AD - Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, LabinSaude, Portugal; University of Gothenburgh, Salgrenska Academy, Sweden. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20190227 PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Arteries/*drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - *Chocolate MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Stroke Volume MH - Vascular Resistance MH - Ventricular Function/*drug effects MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Arterial stiffness OT - Cocoa OT - Flavanols OT - Ventricle-arterial coupling EDAT- 2019/04/28 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/25 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/28 06:00 PHST- 2018/10/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/02/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/02/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/28 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0899-9007(18)31129-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.017 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2019 Jul-Aug;63-64:175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.017. Epub 2019 Feb 27. PMID- 31025018 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220408 IS - 2405-8440 (Print) IS - 2405-8440 (Electronic) IS - 2405-8440 (Linking) VI - 5 IP - 4 DP - 2019 Apr TI - Effect of (-)-epicatechin on the modulation of progression markers of chronic renal damage in a 5/6 nephrectomy experimental model. PG - e01512 LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01512 [doi] LID - e01512 AB - AIMS: To evaluate the effects of (-)-epicatechin (Epi) in the progression of kidney damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed the effects of Epi [0.01-20 mg/kg of body weight/day] during 14 days, in a 5/6 nephrectomy model in mice. KEY FINDINGS: Nephrectomy-induced systolic arterial hypertension was significantly reduced in a dose dependent manner with Epi treatment. Increased serum creatinine and urea were reduced almost to normal values. The concentration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), used as subrogate of endothelial dysfunction, decreased in nephrectomyzed animals, Epi treatment increased BH4 levels almost reaching normal values. The expression of angiotensin II receptor (AT(1)-R) and NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) and 3-nitrotyrosine levels increased with nephrectomy and were reduced with Epi treatment. Renal tissue morphology in the remaining tissue was conserved with Epi treatment in a dose dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor associated with a mortality rate 10 to 20 times higher than that of the general population. High blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are important factors determining kidney damage progression. Findings of this study indicate that Epi is able to counteract the deleterious effects of subtotal nephrectomy and the structural and functional changes in the remnant kidney tissue, decreasing the progression of CKD. These results warrant the possibility of implement clinical trials to limit the progression of CKD in humans. FAU - Montes-Rivera, Jorge AU - Montes-Rivera J AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, Ciudad de Mexico, 11340, Mexico. FAU - Arellano-Mendoza, Monica AU - Arellano-Mendoza M AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, Ciudad de Mexico, 11340, Mexico. FAU - Najera, Nayelli AU - Najera N AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, Ciudad de Mexico, 11340, Mexico. FAU - Del Valle-Mondragon, Leonardo AU - Del Valle-Mondragon L AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia "Ignacio Chavez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. FAU - Villarreal, Francisco AU - Villarreal F AD - University of California at San Diego, USA. FAU - Rubio-Gayosso, Ivan AU - Rubio-Gayosso I AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, Ciudad de Mexico, 11340, Mexico. FAU - Perez-Duran, Javier AU - Perez-Duran J AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, Ciudad de Mexico, 11340, Mexico. AD - Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico. FAU - Meaney, Eduardo AU - Meaney E AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, Ciudad de Mexico, 11340, Mexico. FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron, Ciudad de Mexico, 11340, Mexico. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190416 PL - England TA - Heliyon JT - Heliyon JID - 101672560 PMC - PMC6475891 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cell biology OT - Pathology EDAT- 2019/04/27 06:00 MHDA- 2019/04/27 06:01 PMCR- 2019/04/16 CRDT- 2019/04/27 06:00 PHST- 2019/03/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/03/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/04/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/27 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2405-8440(19)32288-1 [pii] AID - e01512 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01512 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Heliyon. 2019 Apr 16;5(4):e01512. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01512. eCollection 2019 Apr. PMID- 31021307 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191115 LR - 20191115 IS - 1557-7600 (Electronic) IS - 1096-620X (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 6 DP - 2019 Jun TI - Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Improvement Using Cacao By-Products in a Diet-Induced Obesity Murine Model. PG - 567-577 LID - 10.1089/jmf.2018.0210 [doi] AB - In the production of chocolate, only cocoa seeds are used, generating by-products that are generally discarded, increasing the risk of environmental contamination. Given fiber, carbohydrates, proteins, and flavonoid content the use of cacao pod husks can generate nutraceutical products for human consumption. In contrast, obesity represents a major public health problem worldwide. Cacao derivatives are able to modulate overweight and lipid disorders. The objective of present work was to prepare and characterize products using cacao by-products and analyze their effects on altered cardiometabolic risk markers in an obesity model induced by high fat diet and fructose ingestion in rats. The effects of a pellet and extracts made with outer pod husk and kernel husk for 5 weeks were analyzed in an obesity rat model. The treatments significantly decreased body weight by 39%, systolic blood pressure by 27%, triglycerides by 55%, total cholesterol by 24%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 37%, and the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein ratio by 54%. Cacao by-products improved the metabolic function of obese animals, without causing secondary effects. FAU - Hidalgo, Isabel AU - Hidalgo I AD - 1 Cardiometabolic Comprehensive Laboratory, Research and Postgraduate Studies Section, School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Ortiz, Alicia AU - Ortiz A AD - 2 Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Sanchez-Pardo, Maria AU - Sanchez-Pardo M AD - 2 Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Garduno-Siciliano, Leticia AU - Garduno-Siciliano L AD - 2 Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Hernandez-Ortega, Marcela AU - Hernandez-Ortega M AD - 1 Cardiometabolic Comprehensive Laboratory, Research and Postgraduate Studies Section, School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Villarreal, Francisco AU - Villarreal F AD - 3 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. FAU - Meaney, Eduardo AU - Meaney E AD - 1 Cardiometabolic Comprehensive Laboratory, Research and Postgraduate Studies Section, School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Najera, Nayelli AU - Najera N AD - 1 Cardiometabolic Comprehensive Laboratory, Research and Postgraduate Studies Section, School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo Manuel AU - Ceballos GM AD - 1 Cardiometabolic Comprehensive Laboratory, Research and Postgraduate Studies Section, School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190425 PL - United States TA - J Med Food JT - Journal of medicinal food JID - 9812512 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 0 (Waste Products) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Weight/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism MH - Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Obesity/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage/chemistry MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Triglycerides/metabolism MH - Waste Products/analysis EDAT- 2019/04/26 06:00 MHDA- 2019/11/16 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/26 06:00 PHST- 2019/04/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/11/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/26 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1089/jmf.2018.0210 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Food. 2019 Jun;22(6):567-577. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0210. Epub 2019 Apr 25. PMID- 31014775 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210819 LR - 20210819 IS - 1532-1983 (Electronic) IS - 0261-5614 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 3 DP - 2020 Mar TI - Acute study of dose-dependent effects of (-)-epicatechin on vascular function in healthy male volunteers: A randomized controlled trial. PG - 746-754 LID - S0261-5614(19)30156-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.041 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is convincing clinical evidence to suggest that flavanol-containing foods/beverages are capable of inducing improvements in human vascular function. However, whilst (-)-epicatechin has been tested for efficacy, a full dose-dependency has yet to be established, particularly at doses below 1 mg/kg BW. The current study examined the dose-dependent effects of (-)-epicatechin on human vascular function with concurrent measurement of plasma (-)-epicatechin metabolites and levels of circulating nitrite and nitrate species, NO(x). METHODS: An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention trial was conducted in 20 healthy males with 4 treatment arms: water-based (-)-epicatechin (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg BW) and a water only as control. Vascular function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) measured at the brachial artery, laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis (LDI) at the subcutaneous capillaries of the forearm (response to Ach and SNP) and peripheral blood pressure (BP) at baseline, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h post-intervention. Plasma analysis of epicatechin metabolites was conducted by LC-MS and circulating plasma of nitrite and nitrate species were performed using an HPLC-based system (ENO-30). RESULTS: Significant increases in % FMD were found to occur at 1 and 2 h following intake of 1 mg/kg BW, and at 2 h for the 0.5 mg/kg BW intake. There were no significant changes in LDI or BP at any time-points or intake levels. Increases in FMD over the 6 h timeframe were closely paralleled by the appearance of total plasma (-)-epicatechin metabolites. Non-significant changes in circulating NOx was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our data add further evidence that (-)-epicatechin is a causal vasoactive molecule within flavanol-containing foods/beverages. In addition, we show for the first time that intake levels as low as 0.5 mg/kg BW are capable of inducing acute improvements in vascular function (FMD) in healthy volunteers. CI - Copyright (c) 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - Alanon, M E AU - Alanon ME AD - Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avd. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, RG2 6AP, Reading, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mariaelena.alanon@uclm.es. FAU - Castle, S M AU - Castle SM AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, RG2 6AP, Reading, United Kingdom. FAU - Serra, G AU - Serra G AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, RG2 6AP, Reading, United Kingdom. FAU - Leveques, A AU - Leveques A AD - Nestle Research, 1026 Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Poquet, L AU - Poquet L AD - Nestle Research, 1026 Lausanne, Switzerland. FAU - Actis-Goretta, L AU - Actis-Goretta L AD - Nestle Research, Singapore Hub, 138567, Singapore. FAU - Spencer, J P E AU - Spencer JPE AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, RG2 6AP, Reading, United Kingdom. LA - eng GR - BB/L02540X/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom GR - BB/J500896/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190409 PL - England TA - Clin Nutr JT - Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) JID - 8309603 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Brachial Artery/*drug effects/*physiology MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Reference Values MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-Epicatechin OT - Acute study OT - Dose effect OT - FMD OT - Vascular function EDAT- 2019/04/25 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/20 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/25 06:00 PHST- 2018/12/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/03/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/03/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/25 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0261-5614(19)30156-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.041 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Nutr. 2020 Mar;39(3):746-754. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.041. Epub 2019 Apr 9. PMID- 30967168 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200427 LR - 20200427 IS - 1475-2719 (Electronic) IS - 0029-6651 (Linking) VI - 78 IP - 3 DP - 2019 Aug TI - The role of bioactives in energy metabolism and metabolic syndrome. PG - 340-350 LID - 10.1017/S0029665119000545 [doi] AB - Some food bioactives potentially exert anti-obesity effects. Anthocyanins (ACN), catechins, beta-glucan (BG) and n-3 long chain PUFA (LCPUFA) are among the most promising candidates and have been considered as a strategy for the development of functional foods counteracting body weight gain. At present, clinical trials, reviews and meta-analyses addressing anti-obesity effects of various bioactives or bioactive-rich foods show contradictory results. Abdominal obesity is an important criterion for metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosis along with glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Food bioactives are supposed to exert beneficial effects on these parameters, therefore representing alternative therapy approaches for the treatment of MetS. This review summarises outcomes on MetS biomarkers in recent clinical trials supplementing ACN, catechins, BG and n-3 LCPUFA, focusing mainly on anti-obesity effects. Overall, it is clear that the level of evidence for the effectiveness varies not only among the different bioactives but also among the different putative health benefits suggested for the same bioactive. Limited evidence may be due to the low number of controlled intervention trials or to inconsistencies in trial design, i.e. duration, dose and/or the method of bioactive supplementation (extracts, supplements, rich or enriched food). At present, the question 'Are bioactives effective in weight management and prevention of metabolic syndrome?' remains inconclusive. Thus, a common effort to harmonise the study design of intervention trials focusing on the most promising bioactive molecules is urgently needed to strengthen the evidence of their potential in the treatment of obesity, MetS and related diseases. FAU - Bordoni, A AU - Bordoni A AD - Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna,Cesena (FC),Italy. FAU - Boesch, C AU - Boesch C AD - School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK. FAU - Malpuech-Brugere, C AU - Malpuech-Brugere C AD - Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unite de Nutrition Humaine,CRNH Auvergne,France. FAU - Orfila, C AU - Orfila C AD - School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds,Leeds,UK. FAU - Tomas-Cobos, L AU - Tomas-Cobos L AD - AINIA,Valencia,Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190410 PL - England TA - Proc Nutr Soc JT - The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society JID - 7505881 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) RN - 0 (Phytochemicals) RN - 0 (beta-Glucans) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Anthocyanins MH - *Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Catechin MH - *Energy Metabolism/drug effects/physiology MH - Fatty Acids, Omega-3 MH - Humans MH - *Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/physiopathology/therapy MH - *Phytochemicals/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - beta-Glucans OTO - NOTNLM OT - ACN anthocyanins OT - BG beta-glucan OT - BP blood pressure OT - BW body weight OT - C catechins OT - ECG epicatechin OT - EGCG epigallocatechin gallate OT - FO fish oil OT - GTC green tea catechin OT - HOMA Homeostatic model assessment OT - IR insulin resistance OT - LCPUFA long chain PUFA OT - MD mean difference OT - MetS metabolic syndrome OT - OO olive oil OT - RCT randomised controlled trial OT - T2D type 2 diabetes OT - WC waist circumference OT - Anthocyanins OT - Catechins OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - n-3 long chain PUFA OT - beta-glucan EDAT- 2019/04/11 06:00 MHDA- 2020/04/28 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/11 06:00 PHST- 2019/04/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/04/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/11 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0029665119000545 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0029665119000545 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Aug;78(3):340-350. doi: 10.1017/S0029665119000545. Epub 2019 Apr 10. PMID- 30947761 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200917 LR - 20211204 IS - 1475-2700 (Electronic) IS - 0954-4224 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 2 DP - 2019 Dec TI - Caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review perspective. PG - 169-175 LID - 10.1017/S0954422419000015 [doi] AB - The WHO reported that high blood pressure (BP) is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Hypertension (HPT) is a major risk factor for CVD and related diseases as well as for diseases, leading to a considerable increase in cardiovascular risk. Since BP response could also be influenced by caffeine, which is widely consumed with coffee and other items, it is important to define the possible effects associated with caffeine intake. The most recent findings aimed at clarifying the role of caffeine consumption on BP and HPT risk/incidence are conflicting and difficult to interpret. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we aimed to examine various methodological inaccuracies/aspects and factors that make studies difficult to be compared, in order to obtain a single consensus on the effects of caffeine intake on the risk of BP and HPT. We observed that this heterogeneity in results could be due to the presence of: (i) several variables affecting BP (such as age, sex, genetic and lifestyle aspects); (ii) different caffeine content of food and beverages; and (iii) caffeine metabolism. Moreover, different methodological aspects in the evaluation of daily dietary caffeine intake and in the BP measurement could add some other bias in the interpretation of results. Therefore, it is mandatory to consider all methodological aspects and confounding factors to generate a standardised methodology in order to increase cross-study consistency and minimise confounding effects of different variables on the relationship between BP response and HPT risk/incidence after caffeine intake. FAU - De Giuseppe, Rachele AU - De Giuseppe R AD - Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. FAU - Di Napoli, Ilaria AU - Di Napoli I AD - Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. FAU - Granata, Francesca AU - Granata F AD - UOC Medicina Generale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano; Dipartimento Medicina Interna, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. FAU - Mottolese, Antonia AU - Mottolese A AD - Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. FAU - Cena, Hellas AU - Cena H AD - Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. AD - Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190405 PL - England TA - Nutr Res Rev JT - Nutrition research reviews JID - 9113797 RN - 0 (Coffee) RN - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - EC 1.14.14.1 (Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2) RN - W7PRK433YB (Acanthopanax gracilistylus, extract) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/genetics MH - Cacao MH - Caffeine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects MH - Coffee MH - Cohort Studies MH - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics MH - Drugs, Chinese Herbal MH - Eleutherococcus MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*epidemiology/genetics MH - Life Style MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Polymorphism, Genetic MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - Caffeine OT - Hypertension OT - Methodology EDAT- 2019/04/06 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/18 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/06 06:00 PHST- 2019/04/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/06 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0954422419000015 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0954422419000015 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Res Rev. 2019 Dec;32(2):169-175. doi: 10.1017/S0954422419000015. Epub 2019 Apr 5. PMID- 32546914 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231111 IS - 0972-8988 (Print) IS - 2231-0916 (Electronic) IS - 0972-8988 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 4 DP - 2019 Apr TI - Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. PG - 695-705 LID - 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIM: High salt diet and uninephrectomy are associated with high blood pressure with attendant cardiovascular disease conditions such as hypertension, renal damage, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of consumption of cocoa and cocoa-containing products in the management of high blood pressure in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of cocoa powder on blood pressure, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology were investigated in uninephrectomized animals fed with cocoa feed alone or in combination with a high salt diet. Male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group A was the control group and fed with normal feed alone, Group B was fed with cocoa feed alone, Group C was fed with high salt diet (8% salt), GroupD was fed with cocoa-feed compounded with 8% salt for 4weeks after uninephrectomy, and GroupE was uninephrectomized rats on a normal diet. The left kidneys of animals in GroupsC, D, and E were removed by surgery. After 4weeks of treatment, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured. The serum markers of renal damage and oxidative stress were determined. Histological examination was also performed on renal and cardiac tissues. RESULTS: Results showed significant increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal damage with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant status in hypertensive uninephrectomized rats. Cocoa feed, however, significantly improved blood pressure and nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant status and reduced markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: These findings show that cocoa powder could be used to maintain blood pressure levels in hypertensive rats through its antioxidant capacity. CI - Copyright: (c) Jayeola, et al. FAU - Jayeola, Olayinka Christianah AU - Jayeola OC AD - Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. FAU - Oyagbemi, Ademola Adetokunbo AU - Oyagbemi AA AD - Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Okunlola, Omolara Ibiwunmi AU - Okunlola OI AD - Standard Organization of Nigeria, Block 7, Obafemi Awolowo Way, Alausa Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. FAU - Olubamiwa, Olayiwola AU - Olubamiwa O AD - Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. FAU - Omobowale, Temidayo Olutayo AU - Omobowale TO AD - Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Ajibade, Temitayo Olabisi AU - Ajibade TO AD - Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Bolaji-Alabi, Foluso Bolawaye AU - Bolaji-Alabi FB AD - Department of Veterinary Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Ogunpolu, Blessing Seun AU - Ogunpolu BS AD - Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Falayi, Olufunke Olubunmi AU - Falayi OO AD - Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Saba, Adebowale Benard AU - Saba AB AD - Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Adedapo, Adeolu Alex AU - Adedapo AA AD - Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Yakubu, Momoh Audu AU - Yakubu MA AD - Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (COPHS), Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA. FAU - Oluwadun, Afolabi AU - Oluwadun A AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Sagamu, Nigeria. FAU - Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi Omoniyi AU - Oguntibeju OO AD - Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200416 PL - New Zealand TA - Vet World JT - Veterinary world JID - 101504872 PMC - PMC7245715 OTO - NOTNLM OT - antioxidant therapy OT - cocoa powder OT - high salt diet OT - hypertension OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2019/04/01 00:00 MHDA- 2019/04/01 00:01 PMCR- 2020/04/01 CRDT- 2020/06/18 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/02/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/06/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/04/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - Vetworld-13-695 [pii] AID - 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vet World. 2019 Apr;13(4):695-705. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID- 30805697 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201119 LR - 20260928 IS - 1436-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1436-6207 (Print) IS - 1436-6207 (Linking) VI - 59 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Feb TI - Chocolate and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. PG - 389-397 LID - 10.1007/s00394-019-01914-9 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Evidence for the association between chocolate intake and risk of chronic diseases is inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate the credibility of evidence on the dose-response association between chocolate consumption with risk of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes (T2D), colorectal cancer (CRC), and hypertension. METHODS: Prospective studies were searched until July 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest intake categories, linear, and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted. The credibility of evidence was evaluated with the NutriGrade scoring-system. RESULTS: Overall, 27 investigations were identified (n = 2 for all-cause mortality, n = 9 for CHD, n = 8 for stroke, n = 6 for HF, n = 6 for T2D, n = 2 for hypertension and CRC, respectively). No associations with HF (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94, 1.04) and T2D (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.01) per each 10 g/day increase in chocolate intake were observed in the linear dose-response meta-analyses. However, a small inverse association for each 10 g/daily increase could be shown for the risk of CHD (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), and stroke (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82, 0.98). The credibility of evidence was rated either very low (all-cause mortality, HF, T2D, CRC or hypertension) or low (CHD, stroke). CONCLUSION: Chocolate consumption is not related to risk for several chronic diseases, but could have a small inverse association with CHD and stroke. Our findings are limited by very low or low credibility of evidence, highlighting important uncertainty for chocolate-disease associations. FAU - Morze, Jakub AU - Morze J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7119-0273 AD - Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Sloneczna 45f, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland. FAU - Schwedhelm, Carolina AU - Schwedhelm C AD - Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany. AD - NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14458, Nuthetal, Germany. FAU - Bencic, Aleksander AU - Bencic A AD - Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany. FAU - Hoffmann, Georg AU - Hoffmann G AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA II, 1090, Vienna, Austria. FAU - Boeing, Heiner AU - Boeing H AD - Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany. FAU - Przybylowicz, Katarzyna AU - Przybylowicz K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1061-8448 AD - Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Sloneczna 45f, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland. FAU - Schwingshackl, Lukas AU - Schwingshackl L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3407-7594 AD - Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany. schwingshackl@ifem.uni-freiburg.de. AD - NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14458, Nuthetal, Germany. schwingshackl@ifem.uni-freiburg.de. AD - Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 153, 79110, Freiburg, Germany. schwingshackl@ifem.uni-freiburg.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20190225 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Nutr JT - European journal of nutrition JID - 100888704 SB - IM MH - *Chocolate MH - Chronic Disease MH - Colorectal Neoplasms/*epidemiology MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology MH - Diet/*methods MH - Heart Diseases/*epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*epidemiology MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk MH - Stroke/*epidemiology PMC - PMC7000512 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - Chronic disease OT - Credibility of evidence OT - Dose-response OT - Meta-analysis COIS- No conflict of interest to declare. EDAT- 2019/02/26 06:00 MHDA- 2020/11/20 06:00 PMCR- 2019/02/25 CRDT- 2019/02/27 06:00 PHST- 2018/11/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/01/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/02/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/11/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/02/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/02/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s00394-019-01914-9 [pii] AID - 1914 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00394-019-01914-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Nutr. 2020 Feb;59(1):389-397. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01914-9. Epub 2019 Feb 25. PMID- 30781485 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190501 LR - 20240715 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 2 DP - 2019 Feb 16 TI - Impact of a Usual Serving Size of Flavanol-Rich Cocoa Powder Ingested with a Diabetic-Suitable Meal on Postprandial Cardiometabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetics-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study. LID - 10.3390/nu11020417 [doi] LID - 417 AB - Randomized controlled trials indicate that flavanol-rich cocoa intake may improve postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), based on studies with meals that impose a strong metabolic load. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether flavanol-rich cocoa powder ingested as part of a diabetic-suitable meal may beneficially affect glucose, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure (BP) in patients with T2D. Twelve adults with T2D, overweight/obesity, and hypertension ingested capsules with 2.5 g of flavanol-rich cocoa or microcrystalline cellulose with a diabetic-suitable breakfast in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. BP was measured and blood samples were taken before, 2 and 4 h after breakfast and capsule intake. Cocoa treatment did not affect glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and BP. For glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR, only effects by time were observed after both treatments. Thus, 2.5 g of flavanol-rich cocoa powder ingested as part of a diabetic-suitable meal does not seem to affect postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism and BP in stably-treated diabetics. Nevertheless, future studies with close-meshed investigations are desirable, providing realistic amounts of cocoa together with realistic meals rich in carbohydrates to subjects with T2D or metabolic syndrome, which do not afford pharmacological treatment. FAU - Rynarzewski, Janina AU - Rynarzewski J AD - Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Monchengladbach, Germany. ja.rynarzewski@gmail.com. FAU - Dicks, Lisa AU - Dicks L AD - Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Monchengladbach, Germany. Lisa.Dicks@hs-niederrhein.de. FAU - Zimmermann, Benno F AU - Zimmermann BF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9877-7066 AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115 Bonn, Germany. benno.zimmermann@uni-bonn.de. FAU - Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit AU - Stoffel-Wagner B AD - Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany. birgit.stoffel-wagner@ukbonn.de. FAU - Ludwig, Norbert AU - Ludwig N AD - Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Monchengladbach, Germany. Norbert.Ludwig@hs-niederrhein.de. AD - Praxis Anrath, Pastoratstr. 9-11, 47877 Willich, Germany. Norbert.Ludwig@hs-niederrhein.de. FAU - Helfrich, Hans-Peter AU - Helfrich HP AD - Institute of Numerical Simulation, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 60, 53115 Bonn, Germany. helfrich@uni-bonn.de. FAU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Ellinger S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9988-9406 AD - Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Monchengladbach, Germany. Sabine.Ellinger@hs-niederrhein.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20190216 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - *Breakfast MH - *Chocolate MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*diet therapy/metabolism MH - Diet, Diabetic/*methods MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Postprandial Period MH - Serving Size MH - Triglycerides/blood PMC - PMC6412367 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - flavanol-rich cocoa OT - glucose metabolism OT - lipids OT - meal OT - postprandial OT - type 2 diabetes COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. Barry Callebaut, Zurich, Switzerland, provided the cocoa as an unrestricted gift, but had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2019/02/20 06:00 MHDA- 2019/05/02 06:00 PMCR- 2019/02/01 CRDT- 2019/02/21 06:00 PHST- 2019/01/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/02/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/02/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/02/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/02/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/05/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu11020417 [pii] AID - nutrients-11-00417 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu11020417 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2019 Feb 16;11(2):417. doi: 10.3390/nu11020417. PMID- 30746536 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190604 LR - 20190604 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 2 DP - 2019 Feb 20 TI - The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health. PG - 514-528 LID - 10.1039/c8fo01997e [doi] AB - Although deficiencies in polyphenol intake do not result in specific deficiency diseases, adequate intake of polyphenols could confer health benefits, especially with regard to chronic diseases. Tea, cocoa, fruits, and berries, as well as vegetables, are rich in polyphenols. Flavan-3-ols from cocoa have been found to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes, as well as improvements in lipids, endothelial-dependent blood flow and blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. The flavonoid quercetin and the stilbene resveratrol have also been associated with cardiometabolic health. Although polyphenols have been associated with improved cerebral blood flow, evidence of an impact on cognition is more limited. The ability of dietary polyphenols to produce clinical effects may be due, at least in part, to a bi-directional relationship with the gut microbiota. Polyphenols can impact the composition of the gut microbiota (which are independently associated with health benefits), and gut bacteria metabolize polyphenols into bioactive compounds that produce clinical benefits. Another critical interaction is that of polyphenols with other phytochemicals, which could be relevant to interpreting the health parameter effects of polyphenols assayed as purified extracts, whole foods, or whole food extracts. FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG AD - Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. cgfraga@ucdavis.edu cfraga@ffyb.uba.ar. FAU - Croft, Kevin D AU - Croft KD FAU - Kennedy, David O AU - Kennedy DO FAU - Tomas-Barberan, Francisco A AU - Tomas-Barberan FA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - *Food Analysis MH - Functional Food/*analysis MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Polyphenols/chemistry/*pharmacology EDAT- 2019/02/13 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/05 06:00 CRDT- 2019/02/13 06:00 PHST- 2019/02/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/02/13 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/c8fo01997e [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2019 Feb 20;10(2):514-528. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01997e. PMID- 30620683 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200817 LR - 20200817 IS - 1541-1087 (Electronic) IS - 0731-5724 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 6 DP - 2019 Aug TI - Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Cocoa. PG - 564-575 LID - 10.1080/07315724.2018.1557087 [doi] AB - Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of deaths in highly developed countries. Dietetic interventions that involve recommendations for consumption of products with a confirmed health-improving action are an important aspect of prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Cocoa is an alimentary product with significant cardioprotective potential due to its high content of bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study was to review the most recent literature concerning the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of compounds contained in cocoa with regard to selected cardiovascular risk factors and cardiometabolic markers. Study results indicate that cocoa consumption, especially in the form of dark chocolate with high flavonoid content, may be a good strategy to diminish cardiovascular risk due to its beneficial effect on platelet aggregation, decreasing blood pressure, diminishing dyslipidemia, and decreasing blood plasma glucose concentration. Many studies have shown that cocoa-derived flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and also play a significant role in preventing insulin resistance. However, in order to completely confirm the potential cardiovascular benefits, it is necessary to conduct larger and longer studies, also with regard to potential dangers associated with long-term consumption of large amounts of flavonoids and determination of a safe and effective dose. Key teaching points Cocoa consumption may be a good strategy in diminishing cardiovascular risk. Beneficial effects on platelet aggregation, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, glycemia, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity are observed. There is a need to conduct larger and longer studies to determine a safe and effective dose of cocoa flavonoids. FAU - Zieba, Kinga AU - Zieba K AD - a SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humans , Chodakowska , Warsaw , Poland. FAU - Makarewicz-Wujec, Magdalena AU - Makarewicz-Wujec M AD - b Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw Banacha 1 , Warsaw , Poland. FAU - Kozlowska-Wojciechowska, Malgorzata AU - Kozlowska-Wojciechowska M AD - b Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw Banacha 1 , Warsaw , Poland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190108 PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Nutr JT - Journal of the American College of Nutrition JID - 8215879 RN - 0 (Cardiotonic Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - *Cardiotonic Agents MH - Chocolate MH - Diet MH - Flavonoids MH - Humans OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa OT - blood pressure OT - cardiometabolic function OT - cardiovascular OT - chocolate OT - flavonoids EDAT- 2019/01/09 06:00 MHDA- 2020/08/18 06:00 CRDT- 2019/01/09 06:00 PHST- 2019/01/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/08/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/01/09 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/07315724.2018.1557087 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Nutr. 2019 Aug;38(6):564-575. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1557087. Epub 2019 Jan 8. PMID- 30552275 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191104 LR - 20261008 IS - 2044-6055 (Electronic) IS - 2044-6055 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 12 DP - 2018 Dec 14 TI - Vascular and cognitive effects of cocoa-rich chocolate in postmenopausal women: a study protocol for a randomised clinical trial. PG - e024095 LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024095 [doi] LID - e024095 AB - INTRODUCTION: The intake of polyphenols has certain health benefits. This study will aim to assess the effect of adding a daily amount of chocolate high in cocoa content and polyphenols to the normal diet on blood pressure, vascular function, cognitive performance, quality of life and body composition in postmenopausal women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Here we plan a randomised clinical trial with two parallel groups involving a total of 140 women between 50 and 64 years in the postmenopausal period, defined by amenorrhoea of ​​at least 12 consecutive months. The main variable will be the change in blood pressure. Secondary variables will be changes in vascular function, quality of life, cognitive performance and body composition. The intervention group will be given chocolate containing 99% cocoa, with instructions to add 10 g daily to their normal diet for 6 months. The daily nutritional contribution of this amount of chocolate is 59 kcal and 65.4 mg of polyphenols. There will be no intervention in the control group. All variables will be measured at the baseline visit and 3 and 6 months after randomisation, except cognitive performance and quality of life, which will only be assessed at baseline and at 6 months. Recruitment is scheduled to begin on 1 June 2018, and the study will continue until 31 May 2019. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Health Area of Salamanca, Spain ('CREC of Health Area of Salamanca'), in February 2018. A SPIRIT checklist is available for this protocol. The clinical trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov provided by the US National Library of Medicine, number NCT03492983. The results will be disseminated through open access peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, broadcast media and a presentation to stakeholders. CI - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. FAU - Garcia-Yu, Irene A AU - Garcia-Yu IA AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Gerencia de Atencion Primaria de Burgos, SACYL, Burgos. FAU - Garcia-Ortiz, Luis AU - Garcia-Ortiz L AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gomez-Marcos, Manuel A AU - Gomez-Marcos MA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0133-6123 AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Alonso-Dominguez, Rosario AU - Alonso-Dominguez R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5816-4070 AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Sanchez, Jesus AU - Gonzalez-Sanchez J AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Department of Nursing, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain. FAU - Mora-Simon, Sara AU - Mora-Simon S AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methodology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Manzano, Susana AU - Gonzalez-Manzano S AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Sanchez, Emiliano AU - Rodriguez-Sanchez E AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Maderuelo-Fernandez, Jose A AU - Maderuelo-Fernandez JA AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. FAU - Recio-Rodriguez, Jose I AU - Recio-Rodriguez JI AD - Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Health Service of Castilla y Leon (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. AD - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03492983 PT - Clinical Trial Protocol PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20181214 PL - England TA - BMJ Open JT - BMJ open JID - 101552874 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - Body Composition MH - Cacao MH - *Chocolate MH - Cognition/*physiology MH - *Diet MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Life Style MH - Middle Aged MH - Polyphenols/administration & dosage MH - Postmenopause/*physiology MH - Quality of Life MH - Vascular Stiffness/*physiology MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic PMC - PMC6303642 OTO - NOTNLM OT - arterial pressure OT - body composition OT - chocolate OT - postmenopause OT - quality of life OT - vascular stiffness COIS- Competing interests: None declared. EDAT- 2018/12/16 06:00 MHDA- 2019/11/05 06:00 PMCR- 2018/12/14 CRDT- 2018/12/16 06:00 PHST- 2018/12/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/12/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/11/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/12/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bmjopen-2018-024095 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024095 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ Open. 2018 Dec 14;8(12):e024095. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024095. PMID- 30529883 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200325 LR - 20200325 IS - 1873-1244 (Electronic) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 60 DP - 2019 Apr TI - Effects of regular high-cocoa chocolate intake on arterial stiffness and metabolic characteristics during exercise. PG - 53-58 LID - S0899-9007(18)30941-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.021 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of regular high-cocoa chocolate consumption on arterial stiffness and fat oxidation during light- to moderate-intensity exercise. METHODS: This randomized, controlled, parallel-group intervention study included 32 Japanese college students (mean age, 20.7 +/- 0.3 y; men, n = 24; women, n = 8) who were assigned to either control or intervention groups (n = 16 each). The control group did not alter their habitual diet or physical activity throughout the study period. The intervention group consumed 20 g/d (508 mg of cacao polyphenol) of high-cocoa chocolate for 4 wk. Blood pressure, heart-ankle pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, body composition, and metabolic characteristics during exercise at 50% maximal oxygen uptake level were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Four weeks of high-cocoa chocolate ingestion significantly reduced heart-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index (%change, intervention versus control: -2.3 +/- 0.9% versus 0.9 +/- 0.9%, and -4.8 +/- 1.8% versus 0.7 +/- 1.3%, respectively; both P < 0.05). However, blood pressure, weight, body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, and metabolic characteristics during exercise such as respiratory exchange ratio did not significantly change in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of regular high-cocoa chocolate consumption reduced arterial stiffness after considering blood pressure in healthy young men and women. However, the habitual consumption of high-cocoa chocolate for 4 wk did not affect metabolic characteristics during light- to moderate-intensity exercise and body composition. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Nishiwaki, Masato AU - Nishiwaki M AD - Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: masato.nishiwaki@oit.ac.jp. FAU - Nakano, Yuri AU - Nakano Y AD - Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan. FAU - Matsumoto, Naoyuki AU - Matsumoto N AD - Faculty of Environmental Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20181005 PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adipose Tissue/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Composition/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - *Chocolate MH - Diet/methods MH - Exercise/*physiology MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects MH - Polyphenols/*pharmacology MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Vascular Stiffness/*drug effects MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Arteriosclerosis OT - Blood pressure OT - Cardio-ankle vascular index OT - Fat oxidation OT - Light- to moderate-intensity OT - Pulse wave velocity EDAT- 2018/12/12 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/26 06:00 CRDT- 2018/12/12 06:00 PHST- 2018/08/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/09/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0899-9007(18)30941-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.021 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2019 Apr;60:53-58. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.021. Epub 2018 Oct 5. PMID- 30513729 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190125 LR - 20200225 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 12 DP - 2018 Dec 1 TI - The Effects of Flavonoids on Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Human Intervention Trials and Implications for Cerebrovascular Function. LID - 10.3390/nu10121852 [doi] LID - 1852 AB - Research has suggested a number of beneficial effects arising from the consumption of dietary flavonoids, found in foods such as cocoa, apples, tea, citrus fruits and berries on cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction. These effects are thought to have a significant impact upon both vascular and cerebrovascular health, ultimately with the potential to prevent cardiovascular and potentially neurodegenerative disease with a vascular component, for example vascular dementia. This review explores the current evidence for the effects of flavonoid supplementation on human endothelial function and both peripheral and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Evidence presented includes their potential to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, as well as increasing peripheral blood perfusion and promoting CBF in both healthy and at-risk populations. However, there is great variation in the literature due to the heterogeneous nature of the randomised controlled trials conducted. As such, there is a clear need for further research and understanding within this area in order to maximise potential health benefits. FAU - Rees, Amy AU - Rees A AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK. a.j.rees@pgr.reading.ac.uk. FAU - Dodd, Georgina F AU - Dodd GF AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK. g.dodd@reading.ac.uk. FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E AU - Spencer JPE AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK. j.p.e.spencer@reading.ac.uk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20181201 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/prevention & control MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/*drug effects MH - Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology/prevention & control MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Neurodegenerative Diseases/etiology/prevention & control MH - Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology/therapeutic use PMC - PMC6315948 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cardiovascular disease OT - cerebral blood flow OT - cerebrovascular function OT - cocoa OT - flavonoid OT - flow-mediated dilation COIS- The author declares no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/12/06 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/27 06:00 PMCR- 2018/12/01 CRDT- 2018/12/06 06:00 PHST- 2018/11/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/11/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/11/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/12/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/12/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu10121852 [pii] AID - nutrients-10-01852 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu10121852 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2018 Dec 1;10(12):1852. doi: 10.3390/nu10121852. PMID- 30475960 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190909 LR - 20230214 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 108 IP - 5 DP - 2018 Nov 1 TI - Lack of acute or chronic effects of epicatechin-rich and procyanidin-rich apple extracts on blood pressure and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with moderately elevated blood pressure: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. PG - 1006-1014 LID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy139 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The reported effects of flavanol-rich foods such as cocoa, dark chocolate, and apples on blood pressure and endothelial function may be due to the monomeric flavanols [mainly (-)-epicatechin (EC)], the oligomeric flavanols [procyanidins (PCs)], or other components. Reports of well-controlled intervention studies that test the effects of isolated oligomeric flavanols on biomarkers of cardiovascular health are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We studied the acute and chronic effects of an EC-rich apple flavanol extract and isolated apple PCs on systolic blood pressure (BP) and other cardiometabolic biomarkers. DESIGN: Forty-two healthy men and women with moderately elevated BP completed this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-arm crossover trial. Participants ingested a single dose of an apple flavanol extract (70 mg monomeric flavanols, 65 mg PCs), a double dose of this extract (140 mg monomeric flavanols, 130 mg PCs), an apple PC extract (130 mg PCs, 6.5 mg monomeric flavanols), or placebo capsules once daily for 4 wk, in random order. Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk and vascular function were measured before and 2 h after ingestion of the first dose and after the 4-wk intervention. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, none of the isolated flavanol treatments significantly (P < 0.05) changed systolic or diastolic BP (peripheral and aortic), plasma nitric oxide (NO) reaction products, or measures of arterial stiffness (carotid femoral pulse-wave velocity, brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity, or Augmentation Index) after 2 h or 4 wk of the intervention. There were no changes in plasma endogenous metabolite profiles or circulating NO; endothelin 1; total, HDL, or LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; fasting glucose; fructosamine; or insulin after 4 wk of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that, in isolation, neither monomeric flavanols nor PCs affect BP, blood lipid profiles, endothelial function, or glucose control in individuals with moderately elevated BP. The reported benefits of consuming flavanol-rich cocoa, chocolate, and apple products appear to be dependent on other components, which may work in combination with monomeric flavanols and PCs. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02013856. FAU - Hollands, Wendy J AU - Hollands WJ AD - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. FAU - Tapp, Henri AU - Tapp H AD - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. FAU - Defernez, Marianne AU - Defernez M AD - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. FAU - Perez Moral, Natalia AU - Perez Moral N AD - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. FAU - Winterbone, Mark S AU - Winterbone MS AD - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. FAU - Philo, Mark AU - Philo M AD - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. FAU - Lucey, Alice J AU - Lucey AJ AD - Cork Center for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. FAU - Kiely, Mairead E AU - Kiely ME AD - Cork Center for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. FAU - Kroon, Paul A AU - Kroon PA AD - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02013856 GR - BB/J004545/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Biflavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*blood MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*blood MH - Male MH - Malus/*chemistry MH - Middle Aged MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology MH - Proanthocyanidins/*pharmacology EDAT- 2018/11/27 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/10 06:00 CRDT- 2018/11/27 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/05/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/11/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/11/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/10 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(22)03008-8 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy139 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Nov 1;108(5):1006-1014. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy139. PMID- 30441880 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190125 LR - 20190125 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 11 DP - 2018 Nov 14 TI - Changing to a Low-Polyphenol Diet Alters Vascular Biomarkers in Healthy Men after Only Two Weeks. LID - 10.3390/nu10111766 [doi] LID - 1766 AB - Bioactive dietary compounds play a critical role in health maintenance. The relation between bioactive compound intake and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers has been demonstrated in several studies, although mainly with participants who have altered biochemical parameters (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, etc.). The aim of this study was to evaluate if adopting a diet low in polyphenol-rich food for two weeks would affect vascular biomarkers in healthy men. In a crossover study, 22 healthy men were randomly assigned to their usual diet (UD), consuming healthy food rich in polyphenols, or to a low antioxidant diet (LAD), with less than two servings of fruit and vegetables per day and avoiding the intake of cocoa products, coffee and tea. As a marker of compliance, total polyphenols in urine were significantly lower after the LAD than after the UD (79 +/- 43 vs. 123 +/- 58 mg GAE/g creatinine). Nitric oxide levels were also reduced (52 +/- 28 in LAD vs. 80 +/- 34 microM in UD), although no significant changes in cellular adhesion molecules and eicosanoids were observed; however, an increasing ratio between thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) and prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) was reached (p = 0.048). Thus, a slight dietary modification, reducing the consumption of polyphenol-rich food, may affect vascular biomarkers even in healthy individuals. FAU - Hurtado-Barroso, Sara AU - Hurtado-Barroso S AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. sara.hurtado_17@ub.edu. AD - CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. sara.hurtado_17@ub.edu. AD - INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. sara.hurtado_17@ub.edu. FAU - Quifer-Rada, Paola AU - Quifer-Rada P AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. pquifera@gmail.com. AD - Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Biomedical Reseacrh Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain. pquifera@gmail.com. FAU - Rinaldi de Alvarenga, Jose Fernando AU - Rinaldi de Alvarenga JF AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. zehfernando@gmail.com. AD - INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. zehfernando@gmail.com. FAU - Perez-Fernandez, Silvia AU - Perez-Fernandez S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9756-0092 AD - Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, REGICOR, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Medicas), 08003 Barcelona, Spain. sperez@imim.es. AD - Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. sperez@imim.es. FAU - Tresserra-Rimbau, Anna AU - Tresserra-Rimbau A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7022-9041 AD - CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. anna.tresserra@iispv.cat. AD - Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Center, University Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain. anna.tresserra@iispv.cat. FAU - Lamuela-Raventos, Rosa M AU - Lamuela-Raventos RM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1287-4560 AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. lamuela@ub.edu. AD - CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. lamuela@ub.edu. AD - INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. lamuela@ub.edu. LA - eng GR - AGL2016-79113-R/Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espana/ GR - CB06/03/Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn)/ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20181114 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Cardiovascular Diseases MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Diet MH - Food Analysis MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Polyphenols/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC6267476 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Mediterranean diet OT - adhesion molecules OT - bioactive compounds OT - eicosanoids OT - low antioxidant diet OT - nitric oxide OT - vascular biomarkers COIS- Lamuela-Raventos reports receiving lecture fees from Cerveceros de Espana; and receiving lecture fees and travel support from Adventia. Nevertheless, these foundations were not involved in the study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The other authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/11/18 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/27 06:00 PMCR- 2018/11/01 CRDT- 2018/11/17 06:00 PHST- 2018/10/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/11/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/11/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/11/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/11/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu10111766 [pii] AID - nutrients-10-01766 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu10111766 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2018 Nov 14;10(11):1766. doi: 10.3390/nu10111766. PMID- 30398646 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190513 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 148 IP - 12 DP - 2018 Dec 1 TI - Quercetin, but Not Epicatechin, Decreases Plasma Concentrations of Methylglyoxal in Adults in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial with Pure Flavonoids. PG - 1911-1916 LID - 10.1093/jn/nxy236 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the most potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO and AGEs have been associated with diabetes, its complications, and other age-related diseases. Experimental studies have shown that the flavonoids quercetin and epicatechin are able to scavenge MGO and lower AGE formation. OBJECTIVE: Data on the effects of these flavonoids on MGO and AGE concentrations in humans are not yet available. We therefore investigated the effect of quercetin and epicatechin on the concentrations of MGO and AGEs in a post hoc analysis. METHODS: Thirty-seven apparently healthy, nonsmoking adults with a systolic blood pressure between 125 and 160 mm Hg at screening were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Participants ingested (-)-epicatechin (100 mg/d), quercetin 3-glucoside (160 mg/d), or placebo capsules for periods of 4 wk separated by 4-wk washout periods. Fasting blood samples were collected at the start and end of each intervention period. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine plasma concentrations of the dicarbonyl compounds MGO, glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and free and protein-bound AGEs. Gene expression of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the enzyme involved in the degradation of MGO, was determined by either microarray or quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The treatment effect (Deltatreatment - Deltaplacebo) of quercetin on MGO was -40.2 nmol/L (95% CI: -73.6, -6.8 nmol/L; P = 0.019), a decrease of 11% from baseline values, whereas GO, 3-DG, and free and protein-bound AGEs did not change significantly. Epicatechin did not affect the concentrations of dicarbonyls and free and protein-bound AGEs. We did not find a significant change in expression of GLO1. CONCLUSIONS: In apparently healthy (pre)hypertensive men and women, quercetin but not epicatechin decreased plasma MGO concentrations. Quercetin may potentially form a new treatment strategy for diseases in which MGO plays a pivotal role. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01691404. FAU - Van den Eynde, Mathias D G AU - Van den Eynde MDG AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. AD - CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands. FAU - Geleijnse, Johanna M AU - Geleijnse JM AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. FAU - Scheijen, Jean L J M AU - Scheijen JLJM AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. AD - CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands. FAU - Hanssen, Nordin M J AU - Hanssen NMJ AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. AD - CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands. FAU - Dower, James I AU - Dower JI AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. FAU - Afman, Lydia A AU - Afman LA AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. FAU - Stehouwer, Coen D A AU - Stehouwer CDA AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. AD - CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands. FAU - Hollman, Peter C H AU - Hollman PCH AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. FAU - Schalkwijk, Casper G AU - Schalkwijk CG AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. AD - CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01691404 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 722KLD7415 (Pyruvaldehyde) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Catechin/pharmacology MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pyruvaldehyde/*blood MH - Quercetin/*pharmacology EDAT- 2018/11/07 06:00 MHDA- 2019/05/14 06:00 CRDT- 2018/11/07 06:00 PHST- 2018/06/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/11/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/05/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/11/07 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-3166(22)10963-6 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jn/nxy236 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2018 Dec 1;148(12):1911-1916. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy236. PMID- 30358831 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190905 LR - 20230214 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 108 IP - 6 DP - 2018 Dec 1 TI - Assessing the respective contributions of dietary flavanol monomers and procyanidins in mediating cardiovascular effects in humans: randomized, controlled, double-masked intervention trial. PG - 1229-1237 LID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy229 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Flavanols are an important class of food bioactives that can improve vascular function even in healthy subjects. Cocoa flavanols (CFs) are composed principally of the monomer (-)-epicatechin ( approximately 20%), with a degree of polymerisation (DP) of 1 (DP1), and oligomeric procyanidins ( approximately 80%, DP2-10). OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the relative contribution of procyanidins and (-)-epicatechin to CF intake-related improvements in vascular function in healthy volunteers. DESIGN: In a randomized, controlled, double-masked, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 45 healthy men (aged 18-35 y) consumed the following once daily for 1 mo: 1) a DP1-10 cocoa extract containing 130 mg (-)-epicatechin and 560 mg procyanidins, 2) a DP2-10 cocoa extract containing 20 mg (-)-epicatechin and 540 mg procyanidins, or 3) a control capsule, which was flavanol-free but had identical micro- and macronutrient composition. RESULTS: Consumption of DP1-10, but not of either DP2-10 or the control capsule, significantly increased flow-mediated vasodilation (primary endpoint) and the concentration of structurally related (-)-epicatechin metabolites (SREMs) in the circulatory system while decreasing pulse wave velocity and blood pressure. Total cholesterol significantly decreased after daily intake of both DP1-10 and DP2-10 as compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS: CF-related improvements in vascular function are predominantly related to the intake of flavanol monomers and circulating SREMs in healthy humans but not to the more abundant procyanidins and gut microbiome-derived CF catabolites. Reduction in total cholesterol was linked to consumption of procyanidins but not necessarily to that of (-)-epicatechin. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02728466. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Weber, Timon AU - Weber T AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Skene, Simon S AU - Skene SS AD - University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Guildford, United Kingdom. FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI AD - Mars, Inc., McLean, VA. FAU - Crozier, Alan AU - Crozier A AD - Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars, Inc., McLean, VA. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Guildford, United Kingdom. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02728466 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/*drug effects MH - Catechin/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacokinetics MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - *Diet MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry MH - Proanthocyanidins/*administration & dosage MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC6290365 EDAT- 2018/10/26 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/07 06:00 PMCR- 2018/10/24 CRDT- 2018/10/26 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0002-9165(22)03046-5 [pii] AID - nqy229 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy229 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Dec 1;108(6):1229-1237. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy229. PMID- 30301127 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190102 LR - 20261008 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 10 DP - 2018 Oct 5 TI - Regular Intake of a Usual Serving Size of Flavanol-Rich Cocoa Powder Does Not Affect Cardiometabolic Parameters in Stably Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension-A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. LID - 10.3390/nu10101435 [doi] LID - 1435 AB - Regular cocoa consumption has been shown to improve blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity, and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), using up to 100 g of chocolate or 54 g of cocoa. These effects, attributed to cocoa flavanols, would be beneficial for patients with T2D if they could be achieved by a usual serving size of flavanol-rich cocoa. Forty-two hypertensive patients with T2D (stable pharmacological treatment, with good adjustment for glucose metabolism, lipids, and BP) ingested capsules with 2.5 g/day of a flavanol-rich cocoa or cocoa-free capsules for 12 weeks in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study with parallel group design. Participants had to maintain diet, lifestyle, and medication. Before and after intervention, fasting blood samples were collected; BP and nutritional status were investigated. Cocoa treatment did not affect BP, nor glucose metabolism (glucose, HbA(1c), insulin, HOMA-IR) and lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Body weight, fat mass, and nutrient supply remained unchanged. Changes in the placebo group did not occur. Regular intake of a usual serving size of flavanol-rich cocoa does not improve cardiometabolic parameters in stably treated patients with T2D and hypertension. As the medication modulates partly the same targets as cocoa flavanols, future studies should focus on the preventive effect of cocoa against diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases in individuals with preexisting abnormalities that do not require any pharmacological treatment. FAU - Dicks, Lisa AU - Dicks L AD - Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Monchengladbach, Germany. Lisa.Dicks@hs-niederrhein.de. AD - diabetesPRAXIS Rathausallee, Rathausallee 6-8, 47239 Duisburg, Germany. Lisa.Dicks@hs-niederrhein.de. FAU - Kirch, Natalie AU - Kirch N AD - Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Monchengladbach, Germany. Natalie.Kirch@hs-niederrhein.de. FAU - Gronwald, Dorothea AU - Gronwald D AD - diabetesPRAXIS Rathausallee, Rathausallee 6-8, 47239 Duisburg, Germany. doro@dr-gronwald.com. FAU - Wernken, Kerstin AU - Wernken K AD - diabetesPRAXIS Rathausallee, Rathausallee 6-8, 47239 Duisburg, Germany. K.Wernken@gmx.de. FAU - Zimmermann, Benno F AU - Zimmermann BF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9877-7066 AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115 Bonn, Germany. benno.zimmermann@uni-bonn.de. FAU - Helfrich, Hans-Peter AU - Helfrich HP AD - Institute of Numerical Simulation, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 60, 53115 Bonn, Germany. helfrich@uni-bonn.de. FAU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Ellinger S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9988-9406 AD - Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Monchengladbach, Germany. Sabine.Ellinger@hs-niederrhein.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20181005 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Adipose Tissue/metabolism MH - Aged MH - Beverages MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Weight/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology MH - *Chocolate MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/drug therapy MH - Diet MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonols/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*blood/physiopathology MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Plant Extracts/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Serving Size PMC - PMC6213512 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - flavanol-rich cocoa OT - glucose metabolism OT - lipid status OT - type 2 diabetes COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. Barry Callebaut had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2018/10/12 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/03 06:00 PMCR- 2018/10/01 CRDT- 2018/10/11 06:00 PHST- 2018/09/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/09/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/09/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/10/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/10/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu10101435 [pii] AID - nutrients-10-01435 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu10101435 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2018 Oct 5;10(10):1435. doi: 10.3390/nu10101435. PMID- 30129961 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190122 LR - 20200225 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Print) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 9 DP - 2018 Sep 19 TI - (-)-Epicatechin induced reversal of endothelial cell aging and improved vascular function: underlying mechanisms. PG - 4802-4813 LID - 10.1039/c8fo00483h [doi] AB - The consumption of cocoa products rich in (-)-epicatechin is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk and improved vascular function. However, little is known about (-)-epicatechin's effects on aged endothelium. In order to characterize the health restoring effects of (-)-epicatechin on aged endothelium and identify the underlying mechanisms, we utilized high passage number (i.e. aged) bovine coronary artery endothelial cells and aortas of 3 and 18 month old rats. We evaluated cell senescence (beta-galactosidase), nitric oxide (NO) production through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, mitochondria related endpoints, citrate synthase activity and vascular relaxation. Cells were treated with water or (-)-epicatechin (1 muM) for 48 h and rats orally with either water or (-)-epicatechin (1 mg kg-1 day-1) for 15 days. Senescence associated beta-galactosidase levels doubled in aged cells while those treated with (-)-epicatechin only evidenced an approximately 40% increase. NO levels in cells decreased by approximately 33% with aging and (-)-epicatechin normalized them. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation levels paralleled these results. Aging increased total protein and synthase acetylation levels and (-)-epicatechin partially restored them to those of young cells by stimulating sirtuin-1 binding to the synthase. Phosphorylated sirtuin-1, mitofilin, oxidative phosphorylation complexes and transcriptional factor for mitochondria were reduced by approximately 40% with aging and were restored by (-)-epicatechin. (-)-Epicatechin enhanced acetylcholine induced aged aorta vasodilation and stimulated NO levels while reducing blood pressure. In conclusion, (-)-epicatechin reverses endothelial cell aging and restores key control elements of vascular function. These actions may partly explain the epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of cocoa consumption on the incidence of cardiac and vascular diseases. FAU - Ramirez-Sanchez, Israel AU - Ramirez-Sanchez I AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla California, USA. fvillarr@ucsd.edu. FAU - Mansour, Christina AU - Mansour C FAU - Navarrete-Yanez, Viridiana AU - Navarrete-Yanez V FAU - Ayala-Hernandez, Marcos AU - Ayala-Hernandez M FAU - Guevara, Gustavo AU - Guevara G FAU - Castillo, Carmen AU - Castillo C FAU - Loredo, Maria AU - Loredo M FAU - Bustamante, Moises AU - Bustamante M FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G FAU - Villarreal, Francisco J AU - Villarreal FJ LA - eng GR - R01 DK098717/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Cardiovascular Agents) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 3.5.1.- (Sirtuin 1) SB - IM MH - Acetylation MH - *Aging MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/metabolism/*therapeutic use MH - Aorta, Thoracic MH - Biomarkers/metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Agents/metabolism/*therapeutic use MH - Catechin/metabolism/*therapeutic use MH - Cattle MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Cellular Senescence MH - Coronary Vessels MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress MH - Phosphorylation MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Sirtuin 1/metabolism MH - Vascular Diseases/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology/*prevention & control PMC - PMC6490961 MID - NIHMS1023475 EDAT- 2018/08/22 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/23 06:00 PMCR- 2019/09/19 CRDT- 2018/08/22 06:00 PHST- 2018/08/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/08/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/09/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1039/c8fo00483h [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2018 Sep 19;9(9):4802-4813. doi: 10.1039/c8fo00483h. PMID- 30115889 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181123 LR - 20181123 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 8 DP - 2018 Aug 16 TI - Moderate Effect of Flavonoids on Vascular and Renal Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. LID - 10.3390/nu10081107 [doi] LID - 1107 AB - Many studies have shown that flavonoids are effective as antihypertensive drugs in arterial hypertension. In the present work, we have analyzed the effects of some flavonoid extracts in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model (SHR). An important feature of this study is that we have used a low dose, far from those that are usually applied in human therapy or experimental animals, a dose that responded to the criterion of a potential future commercial use in human subjects. Treatments were carried out for 6 and 12 weeks in two groups of SHR rats, which received apigenin, lemon extract, grapefruit + bitter orange (GBO) extracts, and cocoa extract. Captopril was used as a positive control in the SHR group treated for 6 weeks (SHR6) and Diosmin was used as the industry reference in the SHR group treated for 12 weeks (SHR12). Captopril and GBO extracts lowered the high arterial pressure of the SHR6 animals, but none of the extracts were effective in the SHR12 group. Apigenin, lemon extract (LE), GBO, and captopril also improved aortic vascular relaxation and increased plasma and urinary excretion of nitrites, but only in the SHR6 group. Kidney and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also significantly reduced by GBO in the SHR6 rats. Apigenin also improved vascular relaxation in the SHR12 group and all the flavonoids studied reduced urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) excretion and proteinuria. Vascular abnormalities, such as lumen/wall ratio in heart arteries and thoracic aorta, were moderately improved by these treatments in the SHR6 group. In conclusion, the flavonoid-rich extracts included in this study, especially apigenin, LE and GBO improved vascular vasodilatory function of young adult SHRs but only the GBO-treated rats benefited from a reduction in blood pressure. These extracts may be used as functional food ingredients with a moderate therapeutic benefit, especially in the early phases of arterial hypertension. FAU - Paredes, Maria D AU - Paredes MD AD - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Biosanitary Research Murcian Institute (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. madopaca@um.es. FAU - Romecin, Paola AU - Romecin P AD - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Biosanitary Research Murcian Institute (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. paodunromec@gmail.com. FAU - Atucha, Noemi M AU - Atucha NM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4667-3270 AD - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Biosanitary Research Murcian Institute (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. ntma@um.es. FAU - O'Valle, Francisco AU - O'Valle F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9207-2287 AD - Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, IBIMER (CIBM) & Ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain. fovalle@ugr.es. FAU - Castillo, Julian AU - Castillo J AD - Institute of Aging & R & D, Nutrafur SA-FRUTAROM Group, 30820 Alcantarilla , Spain. j.castillo@nutrafur.com. FAU - Ortiz, Maria Clara AU - Ortiz MC AD - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Biosanitary Research Murcian Institute (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. clara@um.es. FAU - Garcia-Estan, Joaquin AU - Garcia-Estan J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7243-0240 AD - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Biosanitary Research Murcian Institute (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. jgestan@um.es. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180816 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 9G64RSX1XD (Captopril) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Captopril/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Kidney/*drug effects MH - Male MH - Plant Extracts/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY PMC - PMC6115889 OTO - NOTNLM OT - acetylcholine OT - flavonoids OT - heart OT - kidney OT - nitric oxide OT - phenylephrine OT - sodium balance COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/08/18 06:00 MHDA- 2018/11/24 06:00 PMCR- 2018/08/01 CRDT- 2018/08/18 06:00 PHST- 2018/07/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/08/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/08/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/11/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu10081107 [pii] AID - nutrients-10-01107 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu10081107 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2018 Aug 16;10(8):1107. doi: 10.3390/nu10081107. PMID- 30114635 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190115 LR - 20190115 IS - 1950-6007 (Electronic) IS - 0753-3322 (Linking) VI - 107 DP - 2018 Nov TI - Preclinical evaluation of the diuretic and saluretic effects of (-)-epicatechin and the result of its combination with standard diuretics. PG - 520-525 LID - S0753-3322(18)33469-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.045 [doi] AB - Several studies have suggested that (-)-epicatechin-containing foods and plant extracts benefit conditions that affect the cardiovascular system, such as hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. However, no study was conducted so far to evaluate the potential of this flavonoid on diuretic activity assay. For that, female Wistar normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received a single oral treatment with (-)-epicatechin (EPI), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or just vehicle (VEH). The effects of EPI in combination with diuretics for clinical use, as well as with L-NAME, atropine and indomethacin were also explored. Cumulative urine volume, plasma and urinary parameters were evaluated at the end of 8 h experiment. When given to NTR and SHR, at doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, EPI was able to stimulate both diuresis and saluresis (Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-)), without interfering with plasma electrolyte content or urinary pH and uric acid values, when compared with VEH-treated only rats. The combination with HCTZ, but not with furosemide or amiloride, successfully strengthened EPI-induced diuresis. This effect was not accompanied by a potentiation of the saluretic effects. On the other hand, when given EPI in combination with amiloride, a significant increase in Cl(-) excretion and maintenance of the potassium-sparing effects characteristic of this class of diuretics were detected. In addition, the diuretic effect of EPI was enhanced after pretreatment with L-NAME and its action was significantly precluded in the presence of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In conclusion, this study shows the diuretic and saluretic properties of EPI in rats, adding another biological activity whose effect may contribute to the different positive actions already described. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. FAU - Mariano, Luisa Nathalia Bolda AU - Mariano LNB AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. FAU - Boeing, Thaise AU - Boeing T AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. FAU - da Silva, Rita de Cassia Melo Vilhena de Andrade Fonseca AU - da Silva RCMVAF AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. FAU - Cechinel-Filho, Valdir AU - Cechinel-Filho V AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. FAU - Niero, Rivaldo AU - Niero R AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. FAU - da Silva, Luisa Mota AU - da Silva LM AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. FAU - de Souza, Priscila AU - de Souza P AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: prisciladesouza@univali.br. FAU - Andrade, Sergio Faloni de AU - Andrade SF AD - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180813 PL - France TA - Biomed Pharmacother JT - Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie JID - 8213295 RN - 0 (Diuretics) RN - 0 (Electrolytes) RN - 0 (Natriuretic Agents) RN - 7C0697DR9I (Atropine) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) RN - XXE1CET956 (Indomethacin) SB - IM MH - Administration, Oral MH - Animals MH - Atropine/pharmacology MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Diuretics/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Electrolytes/blood MH - Female MH - Indomethacin/pharmacology MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology MH - Natriuretic Agents/*pharmacology MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Wistar OTO - NOTNLM OT - Diuresis OT - Flavanol OT - Flavonoid OT - Prostanoids OT - Saluresis EDAT- 2018/08/17 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/16 06:00 CRDT- 2018/08/17 06:00 PHST- 2018/05/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/08/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/08/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0753-3322(18)33469-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.045 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Nov;107:520-525. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.045. Epub 2018 Aug 13. PMID- 30021626 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190107 LR - 20190107 IS - 2046-4053 (Electronic) IS - 2046-4053 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 2018 Jul 18 TI - Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiovascular health: a field synopsis using evidence mapping of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies. PG - 100 LID - 10.1186/s13643-018-0764-z [doi] LID - 100 AB - BACKGROUND: There is considerable interest in the impact of increased flavan-3-ol intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes outcomes. Through evidence mapping, we determined the extent of the evidence base to initiate a future systematic review investigating the impact of flavan-3-ol intake on CVD and diabetes outcomes. METHODS: We developed a research protocol, convened a technical expert panel (TEP) to refine the specific research questions, conducted a systematic search in multiple databases, double-screened abstracts and full-text articles, performed data extractions, and synthesized the data. We focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies which assessed intakes of flavan-3-ol from foods, beverages, and supplement/extract sources on biomarkers and clinical outcomes of CVD and diabetes. RESULTS: Of 257 eligible articles, 223 and 34 publications contributed to 226 RCTs and 39 prospective cohort studies, respectively. In RCTs, the most frequently studied interventions were cocoa-based products (23.2%); berries (16.1%); tea in the form of green tea (13.9%), black tea (7.2%), or unspecified tea (3.6%); and red wine (11.2%). Mean total flavan-3-ol intake was highest in the cocoa-based trials (618.7 mg/day) and lowest in the interventions feeding red wine (123.7 mg/day). The most frequently reported outcomes were intermediate biomarkers including serum lipid levels (63.4%), blood glucose (50.9%), blood pressure (50.8%), flow-mediated dilation (21.9%), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (21.9%). The included 34 prospective cohort studies predominantly examined exposures to flavan-3-ols (26%), cocoa-based products (23.2%), berries (16.1%), and green tea (13.9%) and CVD incidence and mortality. CONCLUSION: Through a systematic, evidence-based approach, evidence mapping on flavan-3-ol intake and CVD outcomes demonstrated sufficient data relating to flavan-3ol intake and biomarkers and clinical outcomes of CVD and diabetes. The current evidence base highlights the distribution of available data which both support the development of a future systematic review and identified the research need for future long-term RCTs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: At present, evidence mapping is not eligible for registration on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (i.e., PROSPERO). FAU - Raman, Gowri AU - Raman G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4427-1083 AD - Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Box 63, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. graman@tuftsmedicalcenter.org. FAU - Shams-White, Marissa AU - Shams-White M AD - Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Box 63, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. AD - Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. FAU - Avendano, Esther E AU - Avendano EE AD - Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Box 63, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. FAU - Chen, Fan AU - Chen F AD - Tufts Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Box 63, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. AD - Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. FAU - Novotny, Janet A AU - Novotny JA AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA. FAU - Cassidy, Aedin AU - Cassidy A AD - Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20180718 PL - England TA - Syst Rev JT - Systematic reviews JID - 101580575 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - *Beverages MH - Blood Glucose/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - *Food MH - *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic PMC - PMC6052707 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Berries OT - Cardiovascular disease OT - Cinnamon OT - Cocoa OT - Diabetes OT - Evidence mapping OT - Flavan-3-ols OT - Lipids OT - Red wine OT - Tea COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Not applicable CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2018/07/20 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/08 06:00 PMCR- 2018/07/18 CRDT- 2018/07/20 06:00 PHST- 2017/12/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/06/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/07/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/07/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/07/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s13643-018-0764-z [pii] AID - 764 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s13643-018-0764-z [doi] PST - epublish SO - Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 18;7(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s13643-018-0764-z. PMID- 29957766 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191029 LR - 20240716 IS - 2531-6745 (Electronic) IS - 0392-4203 (Print) IS - 0392-4203 (Linking) VI - 89 IP - 2 DP - 2018 Jun 7 TI - Nutritional prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. PG - 276-290 LID - 10.23750/abm.v89i2.7401 [doi] AB - Cognitive impairment results from a complex interplay of many factors. The most important independent predictor of cognitive decline is age but other contributing factors include demographic, genetic, socio-economic, and environmental parameters, including nutrition. The number of persons with cognitive decline and dementia will increase in the next decades in parallel with aging of the world population. Effective pharmaceutical treatments for age-related cognitive decline are lacking, emphasizing the importance of prevention strategies. There is extensive evidence supporting a relationship between diet and cognitive functions. Thus, nutritional approaches to prevent or slow cognitive decline could have a remarkable public health impact. Several dietary components and supplements have been examined in relation to their association with the development of cognitive decline. A number of studies have examined the role of dietary patterns on late-life cognition, with accumulating evidence that combinations of foods and nutrients may act synergistically to provide stronger benefit than those conferred by individual dietary components. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with decreased cognitive decline and incident AD. Another dietary pattern with neuroprotective actions is the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH). The combination of these two dietary patterns has been associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and significant reduction in incident AD. This review evaluates the evidence for the effects of some dietary components, supplements, and dietary patterns as neuroprotective, with potential to delay cognitive decline and the onset of dementia. FAU - Dominguez, Ligia J AU - Dominguez LJ AD - Geriatric Unit, Dept. of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. ligia.dominguez@unipa.it. FAU - Barbagallo, Mario AU - Barbagallo M AD - Geriatric Unit, Dept. of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. mario.barbagallo@unipa.it. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20180607 PL - Italy TA - Acta Biomed JT - Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis JID - 101295064 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) RN - 0 (Phytoestrogens) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 0 (Vitamins) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) RN - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) RN - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin) RN - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/therapeutic use MH - Autophagy MH - Caffeine/therapeutic use MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use MH - Chocolate MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/*prevention & control MH - Curcumin/therapeutic use MH - Dementia/*prevention & control MH - *Diet MH - Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use MH - Garlic MH - Ginkgo biloba MH - Healthy Aging MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/prevention & control MH - Magnesium/therapeutic use MH - Oxidative Stress MH - Phytoestrogens/therapeutic use MH - Phytotherapy MH - Resveratrol/therapeutic use MH - Tea MH - Vitamins/therapeutic use PMC - PMC6179018 EDAT- 2018/06/30 06:00 MHDA- 2019/10/30 06:00 PMCR- 2018/01/01 CRDT- 2018/06/30 06:00 PHST- 2018/06/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/06/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/06/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/10/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ACTA-89-276 [pii] AID - 10.23750/abm.v89i2.7401 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Acta Biomed. 2018 Jun 7;89(2):276-290. doi: 10.23750/abm.v89i2.7401. PMID- 29932135 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181010 LR - 20190716 IS - 1420-3049 (Electronic) IS - 1420-3049 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 7 DP - 2018 Jun 22 TI - (-)-Epicatechin Reduces Blood Pressure and Improves Left Ventricular Function and Compliance in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Hypertensive Rats. LID - 10.3390/molecules23071511 [doi] LID - 1511 AB - (-)-Epicatechin (E) is a flavanol found in green tea and cocoa and has been shown to attenuate tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated inflammation, improve nitric oxide levels, promote endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and inhibit NADPH oxidase. This study investigated the effect of 28 days of low epicatechin dosing (1 mg/kg/day) on the cardiovascular function of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Wistar rats (n = 120, 8 weeks of age) underwent uninephrectomy and were randomised into four groups (uninephrectomy (UNX), UNX + E, DOCA, DOCA + E). DOCA and DOCA + E rats received 1% NaCl drinking water along with subcutaneous injections of 25 mg deoxycorticosterone-acetate (in 0.4 mL of dimethylformamide) every fourth day. UNX + E and DOCA + E rats received 1 mg/kg/day of epicatechin by oral gavage. Single-cell micro-electrode electrophysiology, Langendorff isolated-heart assessment and isolated aorta and mesenteric organ baths were used to assess cardiovascular parameters. Serum malondialdehyde concentration was used as a marker of oxidative stress. Myocardial stiffness was increased and left ventricular compliance significantly diminished in the DOCA control group, and these changes were attenuated by epicatechin treatment (p < 0.05). Additionally, the DOCA + E rats showed significantly reduced blood pressure and malondialdehyde concentrations; however, there was no improvement in left ventricular hypertrophy, electrophysiology or vascular function. This study demonstrates the ability of epicatechin to reduce blood pressure, prevent myocardial stiffening and preserve cardiac compliance in hypertrophied DOCA-salt rat hearts. FAU - Jackson, Douglas AU - Jackson D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4835-0467 AD - School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. douglas.jackson@rmit.edu.au. AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD 4071, Australia. douglas.jackson@rmit.edu.au. FAU - Connolly, Kylie AU - Connolly K AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD 4071, Australia. k.connolly@cqu.edu.au. FAU - Batacan, Romeo AU - Batacan R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6084-7452 AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD 4071, Australia. r.j.batacan@cqu.edu.au. FAU - Ryan, Kimberly AU - Ryan K AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD 4071, Australia. k.r.ryan@cqu.edu.au. FAU - Vella, Rebecca AU - Vella R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5221-3524 AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD 4071, Australia. r.vella@cqu.edu.au. FAU - Fenning, Andrew AU - Fenning A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3679-7712 AD - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD 4071, Australia. a.fenning@cqu.edu.au. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180622 PL - Switzerland TA - Molecules JT - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 100964009 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) RN - 6E0A168OB8 (Desoxycorticosterone Acetate) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Action Potentials/drug effects MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Desoxycorticosterone Acetate/administration & dosage MH - Hypertension/chemically induced/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology MH - Malondialdehyde/metabolism MH - Microelectrodes MH - Myocardium/metabolism/pathology MH - Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - Nephrectomy/methods MH - Organ Culture Techniques MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage MH - Ventricular Function, Left/*drug effects PMC - PMC6100191 OTO - NOTNLM OT - DOCA-salt OT - cardiac function OT - electrophysiology OT - epicatechin OT - hypertension COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/06/23 06:00 MHDA- 2018/10/12 06:00 PMCR- 2018/06/22 CRDT- 2018/06/23 06:00 PHST- 2018/05/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/06/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/06/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/06/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/06/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/10/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/06/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - molecules23071511 [pii] AID - molecules-23-01511 [pii] AID - 10.3390/molecules23071511 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Molecules. 2018 Jun 22;23(7):1511. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071511. PMID- 29906428 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190911 LR - 20220408 IS - 1555-7162 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9343 (Linking) VI - 131 IP - 12 DP - 2018 Dec TI - Effects of Coffee Intake on Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. PG - 1482-1490.e3 LID - S0002-9343(18)30510-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.05.021 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Drinking coffee can raise public health problems, but the association between coffee and kidney disease is unknown. We studied whether coffee intake can affect the development of chronic kidney disease in the general population. METHODS: We analyzed 8717 subjects with normal renal function recruited from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort. Based on a food frequency questionnaire, coffee consumption was categorized into 5 groups: 0 per week, <1 cup per week, 1-6 cups per week, 1 cup per day, and >/=2 cups per day. The primary outcome was incident chronic kidney disease, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). RESULTS: The mean age (standard deviation) of study subjects was 52.0 (8.8) years, and 47.8% were male. Among the subjects, 52.8% were daily coffee consumers. During a mean follow-up of 11.3 (range, 5.9-11.5) years, 9.5% of participants developed chronic kidney disease. The incident chronic kidney disease occurred less in daily coffee consumers. Unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) was significantly lower in daily coffee consumers. In multivariable Cox model even after adjustment of blood pressure, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and amount of daily intake for caffeine-containing foods such as tea and chocolate, coffee consumers with 1 cup per day (HR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.92) and >/=2 cups per day (HR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.98) were associated with a lower risk of chronic kidney disease development than nondrinkers. Time-averaged and time-varying Cox models yielded similar results. The rates of decline in glomerular filtration were lower in daily coffee consumers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that daily coffee intake is associated with decreased risk of the development of chronic kidney disease. CI - Copyright (c) 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Jhee, Jong Hyun AU - Jhee JH AD - Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. FAU - Nam, Ki Heon AU - Nam KH AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - An, Seong Yeong AU - An SY AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Cha, Min-Uk AU - Cha MU AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Misol AU - Lee M AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Park, Seohyun AU - Park S AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Hyoungnae AU - Kim H AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Yun, Hae-Ryong AU - Yun HR AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kee, Youn Kyung AU - Kee YK AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Park, Jung Tak AU - Park JT AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Chang, Tae-Ik AU - Chang TI AD - Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kang, Ea Wha AU - Kang EW AD - Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. FAU - Yoo, Tae-Hyun AU - Yoo TH AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kang, Shin-Wook AU - Kang SW AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Han, Seung Hyeok AU - Han SH AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hansh@yuhs.ac. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180612 PL - United States TA - Am J Med JT - The American journal of medicine JID - 0267200 RN - 0 (Coffee) SB - IM CIN - Am J Med. 2019 Mar;132(3):e531. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.07.043. PMID: 30827347 CIN - Am J Med. 2019 Mar;132(3):e532. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.11.023. PMID: 30827348 MH - Adult MH - *Coffee MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*etiology MH - Risk Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Caffeine OT - Chronic kidney disease OT - Coffee OT - Daily coffee intake EDAT- 2018/06/16 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/12 06:00 CRDT- 2018/06/16 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/05/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/05/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/06/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/06/16 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9343(18)30510-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.05.021 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Med. 2018 Dec;131(12):1482-1490.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.05.021. Epub 2018 Jun 12. PMID- 29868915 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190711 LR - 20230214 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 107 IP - 6 DP - 2018 Jun 1 TI - A nutritive dose of pure (-)-epicatechin does not beneficially affect increased cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight-to-obese adults-a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. PG - 948-956 LID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy066 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Regular cocoa consumption has been shown to reduce blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and increase insulin sensitivity and flow-mediated dilatation in healthy adults. It is assumed that these effects can be attributed to polyphenolic cocoa ingredients such as flavanols, especially to (-)-epicatechin. Nutritive intervention studies to prove this hypothesis are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate whether regular consumption of 25 mg of pure (-)-epicatechin can affect increased cardiometabolic risk factors [blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation] in overweight-to-obese subjects. DESIGN: Forty-eight overweight or obese nonsmokers [body mass index (kg/m2) >/=25.0, ages 20-65 y] with clear signs of metabolic syndrome (blood pressure >/=130/85 mm Hg, glucose >5.55 mmol/L, or triglycerides >1.69 mmol/L or cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L in fasting blood) and without chronic diseases were included in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Participants ingested daily 25 mg (-)-epicatechin (encapsulated) or placebo for 2-wk in random order (2-wk washout). After an overnight fast, blood pressure was monitored and blood samples were collected before and after both treatments. Anthropometric data were determined at each visit. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-d food records during both treatments and during run-in and washout phase. RESULTS: Supplementation of pure (-)-epicatechin did not significantly affect blood pressure, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides, or total, LDL, or HDL cholesterol. Oxidized LDL, vitamins C and E, and beta-carotene in plasma were not modulated. Body weight, fat mass, fat distribution, and the intake of energy, nutrients, and (-)-epicatechin from food remained stable throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Daily intake of 25 mg of pure (-)-epicatechin for 2 wk does not reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight-to-obese adults. Thus, the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effects of regular cocoa consumption are exclusively ascribed to (-)-epicatechin should be reconsidered. The study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register as DRKS-ID: DRKS00009846. FAU - Kirch, Natalie AU - Kirch N AD - Department of Nutrition, Food and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. AD - Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology. FAU - Berk, Lea AU - Berk L AD - Department of Nutrition, Food and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. FAU - Liegl, Yvonne AU - Liegl Y AD - Department of Nutrition, Food and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. FAU - Adelsbach, Marcel AU - Adelsbach M AD - Department of Nutrition, Food and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. FAU - Zimmermann, Benno F AU - Zimmermann BF AD - Departments of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology. FAU - Stehle, Peter AU - Stehle P AD - Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology. FAU - Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit AU - Stoffel-Wagner B AD - Institutes of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology. FAU - Ludwig, Norbert AU - Ludwig N AD - Department of Nutrition, Food and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. FAU - Schieber, Andreas AU - Schieber A AD - Departments of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology. FAU - Helfrich, Hans-Peter AU - Helfrich HP AD - Numerical Simulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. FAU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Ellinger S AD - Department of Nutrition, Food and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, Germany. LA - eng SI - DRKS/DRKS00009846 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome MH - Middle Aged MH - *Overweight MH - Risk Factors MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2018/06/06 06:00 MHDA- 2019/07/12 06:00 CRDT- 2018/06/06 06:00 PHST- 2017/12/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/03/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/06/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/06/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/07/12 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(22)02888-X [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy066 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jun 1;107(6):948-956. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy066. PMID- 29865289 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181005 LR - 20230926 IS - 1424-8220 (Electronic) IS - 1424-8220 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 6 DP - 2018 Jun 3 TI - Non-Contact Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Estimations from Video Analysis and Machine Learning Modelling Applied to Food Sensory Responses: A Case Study for Chocolate. LID - 10.3390/s18061802 [doi] LID - 1802 AB - Traditional methods to assess heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) are intrusive and can affect results in sensory analysis of food as participants are aware of the sensors. This paper aims to validate a non-contact method to measure HR using the photoplethysmography (PPG) technique and to develop models to predict the real HR and BP based on raw video analysis (RVA) with an example application in chocolate consumption using machine learning (ML). The RVA used a computer vision algorithm based on luminosity changes on the different RGB color channels using three face-regions (forehead and both cheeks). To validate the proposed method and ML models, a home oscillometric monitor and a finger sensor were used. Results showed high correlations with the G color channel (R(2) = 0.83). Two ML models were developed using three face-regions: (i) Model 1 to predict HR and BP using the RVA outputs with R = 0.85 and (ii) Model 2 based on time-series prediction with HR, magnitude and luminosity from RVA inputs to HR values every second with R = 0.97. An application for the sensory analysis of chocolate showed significant correlations between changes in HR and BP with chocolate hardness and purchase intention. FAU - Gonzalez Viejo, Claudia AU - Gonzalez Viejo C AD - School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. cgonzalez2@unimelb.edu.au. FAU - Fuentes, Sigfredo AU - Fuentes S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0377-5085 AD - School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. sfuentes@unimelb.edu.au. FAU - Torrico, Damir D AU - Torrico DD AD - School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. damir.torrico@unimelb.edu.au. FAU - Dunshea, Frank R AU - Dunshea FR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3998-1240 AD - School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. fdunshea@unimelb.edu.au. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180603 PL - Switzerland TA - Sensors (Basel) JT - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101204366 SB - IM MH - *Blood Pressure Determination MH - Chocolate/*adverse effects MH - Face/physiology MH - Female MH - Food Hypersensitivity/*diagnosis/physiopathology MH - Heart Rate/*physiology MH - Humans MH - Machine Learning MH - Male MH - Monitoring, Physiologic/methods MH - Photoplethysmography MH - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted MH - Video Recording PMC - PMC6022164 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - computer vision OT - heart rate OT - machine learning modelling OT - non-intrusive sensors COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/06/06 06:00 MHDA- 2018/10/06 06:00 PMCR- 2018/06/01 CRDT- 2018/06/06 06:00 PHST- 2018/05/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/05/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/05/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/06/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/06/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/10/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - s18061802 [pii] AID - sensors-18-01802 [pii] AID - 10.3390/s18061802 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sensors (Basel). 2018 Jun 3;18(6):1802. doi: 10.3390/s18061802. PMID- 29740333 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220408 IS - 1664-042X (Print) IS - 1664-042X (Electronic) IS - 1664-042X (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2018 TI - Flavonoids in Kidney Health and Disease. PG - 394 LID - 10.3389/fphys.2018.00394 [doi] LID - 394 AB - This review summarizes the latest advances in knowledge on the effects of flavonoids on renal function in health and disease. Flavonoids have antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antiinflammatory effects, among other therapeutic activities. Many of them also exert renoprotective actions that may be of interest in diseases such as glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and chemically-induced kidney insufficiency. They affect several renal factors that promote diuresis and natriuresis, which may contribute to their well-known antihypertensive effect. Flavonoids prevent or attenuate the renal injury associated with arterial hypertension, both by decreasing blood pressure and by acting directly on the renal parenchyma. These outcomes derive from their interference with multiple signaling pathways known to produce renal injury and are independent of their blood pressure-lowering effects. Oral administration of flavonoids prevents or ameliorates adverse effects on the kidney of elevated fructose consumption, high fat diet, and types I and 2 diabetes. These compounds attenuate the hyperglycemia-disrupted renal endothelial barrier function, urinary microalbumin excretion, and glomerular hyperfiltration that results from a reduction of podocyte injury, a determinant factor for albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Several flavonoids have shown renal protective effects against many nephrotoxic agents that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as LPS, gentamycin, alcohol, nicotine, lead or cadmium. Flavonoids also improve cisplatin- or methotrexate-induced renal damage, demonstrating important actions in chemotherapy, anticancer and renoprotective effects. A beneficial prophylactic effect of flavonoids has been also observed against AKI induced by surgical procedures such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cardiopulmonary bypass. In several murine models of CKD, impaired kidney function was significantly improved by the administration of flavonoids from different sources, alone or in combination with stem cells. In humans, cocoa flavanols were found to have vasculoprotective effects in patients on hemodialysis. Moreover, flavonoids develop antitumor activity against renal carcinoma cells with no toxic effects on normal cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in patients with renal carcinoma. FAU - Vargas, Felix AU - Vargas F AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. FAU - Romecin, Paola AU - Romecin P AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Guillen, Ana I AU - Garcia-Guillen AI AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Wangesteen, Rosemary AU - Wangesteen R AD - Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Area de Fisiologia, Universidad de Jaen, Jaen, Spain. FAU - Vargas-Tendero, Pablo AU - Vargas-Tendero P AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. FAU - Paredes, M Dolores AU - Paredes MD AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Atucha, Noemi M AU - Atucha NM AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Estan, Joaquin AU - Garcia-Estan J AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20180424 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Physiol JT - Frontiers in physiology JID - 101549006 PMC - PMC5928447 OTO - NOTNLM OT - acute kidney injury OT - arterial hypertension OT - chronic kidney disease OT - diabetes mellitus OT - flavonoids OT - kidney function OT - nephroprotection EDAT- 2018/05/10 06:00 MHDA- 2018/05/10 06:01 PMCR- 2018/04/24 CRDT- 2018/05/10 06:00 PHST- 2018/01/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/04/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/05/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/05/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/05/10 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fphys.2018.00394 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Physiol. 2018 Apr 24;9:394. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00394. eCollection 2018. PMID- 29718795 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190916 LR - 20190916 IS - 1541-1087 (Electronic) IS - 0731-5724 (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 7 DP - 2018 Sep-Oct TI - Dietary Flavanols: A Review of Select Effects on Vascular Function, Blood Pressure, and Exercise Performance. PG - 553-567 LID - 10.1080/07315724.2018.1451788 [doi] AB - An individual's diet affects numerous physiological functions and can play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that dietary flavanols can be an important modulator of vascular risk. Diets and plant extracts rich in flavanols have been reported to lower blood pressure, especially in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Flavanols may act in part through signaling pathways that affect vascular function, nitric oxide availability, and the release of endothelial-derived relaxing and constricting factors. During exercise, flavanols have been reported to modulate metabolism and respiration (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake, O(2) cost of exercise, and energy expenditure), and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in increased skeletal muscle efficiency and endurance capacity. Flavanol-induced reductions in blood pressure during exercise may decrease the work of the heart. Collectively, these effects suggest that flavanols can act as an ergogenic aid to help delay the onset of fatigue. More research is needed to better clarify the effects of flavanols on vascular function, blood pressure regulation, and exercise performance and establish safe and effective levels of intake. Flavanol-rich foods and food products can be useful components of a healthy diet and lifestyle program for those seeking to better control their blood pressure or to enhance their physical activity. Key teaching points * Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that dietary flavanols can reduce the risk of vascular disease. * Diets and plant extracts rich in flavanols have been reported to lower blood pressure and improve exercise performance in humans. * Mechanisms by which flavanols may reduce blood pressure function include alterations in signaling pathways that affect vascular function, nitric oxide availability, and the release of endothelial-derived relaxation and constriction factors. * Mechanisms by which flavanols may enhance exercise performance include modulation of metabolism and respiration (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake, O(2) cost of exercise, and energy expenditure) and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. These effects can result in increased skeletal muscle efficiency and endurance capacity. * Further research is needed to clarify the amount, timing, and frequency of flavanol intake for blood pressure regulation and exercise performance. FAU - Al-Dashti, Yousef A AU - Al-Dashti YA AD - a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA. FAU - Holt, Roberta R AU - Holt RR AD - a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA. FAU - Stebbins, Charles L AU - Stebbins CL AD - b Department of Internal Medicine , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA. FAU - Keen, Carl L AU - Keen CL AD - a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA. AD - b Department of Internal Medicine , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA. FAU - Hackman, Robert M AU - Hackman RM AD - a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20180502 PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Nutr JT - Journal of the American College of Nutrition JID - 8215879 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - *Diet MH - Exercise/*physiology MH - Flavonols/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Humans OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular OT - endothelial function OT - endurance capacity OT - epicatechin OT - hypertension OT - nitric oxide OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2018/05/03 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/17 06:00 CRDT- 2018/05/03 06:00 PHST- 2018/05/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/05/03 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/07315724.2018.1451788 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Nutr. 2018 Sep-Oct;37(7):553-567. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1451788. Epub 2018 May 2. PMID- 29717942 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200727 LR - 20200727 IS - 1477-0334 (Electronic) IS - 0962-2802 (Print) IS - 0962-2802 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 6 DP - 2019 Jun TI - Median bias reduction in random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. PG - 1622-1636 LID - 10.1177/0962280218771717 [doi] AB - The reduction of the mean or median bias of the maximum likelihood estimator in regular parametric models can be achieved through the additive adjustment of the score equations. In this paper, we derive the adjusted score equations for median bias reduction in random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression models and derive efficient estimation algorithms. The median bias-reducing adjusted score functions are found to be the derivatives of a penalised likelihood. The penalised likelihood is used to form a penalised likelihood ratio statistic which has known limiting distribution and can be used for carrying out hypothesis tests or for constructing confidence intervals for either the fixed-effect parameters or the variance component. Simulation studies and real data applications are used to assess the performance of estimation and inference based on the median bias-reducing penalised likelihood and compare it to recently proposed alternatives. The results provide evidence on the effectiveness of median bias reduction in improving estimation and likelihood-based inference. FAU - Kyriakou, Sophia AU - Kyriakou S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8077-6439 AD - 1 Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK. FAU - Kosmidis, Ioannis AU - Kosmidis I AD - 2 Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. AD - 3 The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK. FAU - Sartori, Nicola AU - Sartori N AD - 4 Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180502 PL - England TA - Stat Methods Med Res JT - Statistical methods in medical research JID - 9212457 SB - IM MH - Algorithms MH - *Bias MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao MH - Humans MH - Likelihood Functions MH - *Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - Models, Statistical MH - *Regression Analysis MH - *Statistics as Topic PMC - PMC6566456 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adjusted score equations OT - heterogeneity OT - mean bias reduction OT - penalised likelihood OT - random effects EDAT- 2018/05/03 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/28 06:00 PMCR- 2019/06/14 CRDT- 2018/05/03 06:00 PHST- 2018/05/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/05/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/06/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1177_0962280218771717 [pii] AID - 10.1177/0962280218771717 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Stat Methods Med Res. 2019 Jun;28(6):1622-1636. doi: 10.1177/0962280218771717. Epub 2018 May 2. PMID- 29672527 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180716 LR - 20260127 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 4 DP - 2018 TI - Pure flavonoid epicatechin and whole genome gene expression profiles in circulating immune cells in adults with elevated blood pressure: A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. PG - e0194229 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0194229 [doi] LID - e0194229 AB - Cocoa consumption has beneficial cardiometabolic effects, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Epicatechin, the cocoa major monomeric flavan-3-ol, is considered to contribute to these cardio-protective effects. We investigated effects of pure epicatechin supplementation on gene expression profiles of immune cells in humans. In a double blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial, 32 (pre)hypertensive subjects aged 30 to 80, received two 4-week interventions, i.e. epicatechin (100mg/day) or placebo with a 4-week wash-out between interventions. Gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined before and after both interventions. Epicatechin regulated 1180 genes, of which 234 differed from placebo. Epicatechin upregulated gene sets involved in transcription and tubulin folding and downregulated gene sets involved in inflammation, PPAR signalling and adipogenesis. Several negatively enriched genes within these gene sets were involved in insulin signalling. Most inhibited upstream regulators within the epicatechin intervention were cytokines or involved in inflammation. No upstream regulators were identified compared to placebo. Epicatechin, a cocoa flavan-3-ol, reduces gene expression involved in inflammation, PPAR-signalling and adipogenesis in immune cells. Effects were mild but our findings increase our understanding and provide new leads on how epicatechin rich products like cocoa may affect immune cells and exert cardiometabolic protective effects. FAU - Esser, Diederik AU - Esser D AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. AD - The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Geleijnse, Johanna M AU - Geleijnse JM AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. AD - The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Matualatupauw, Juri C AU - Matualatupauw JC AD - The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Dower, James I AU - Dower JI AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. AD - The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Kromhout, Daan AU - Kromhout D AD - The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Hollman, Peter C H AU - Hollman PCH AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. AD - The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Afman, Lydia A AU - Afman LA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7939-6217 AD - The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180419 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Biomarkers MH - *Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Catechin/pharmacology MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Female MH - *Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - Gene Expression Profiling MH - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*epidemiology/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects/metabolism MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Netherlands/epidemiology MH - *Transcriptome PMC - PMC5908087 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2018/04/20 06:00 MHDA- 2018/07/17 06:00 PMCR- 2018/04/19 CRDT- 2018/04/20 06:00 PHST- 2017/05/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/02/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/04/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/07/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-17-20624 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0194229 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2018 Apr 19;13(4):e0194229. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194229. eCollection 2018. PMID- 29658370 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180925 LR - 20180925 IS - 1525-6065 (Electronic) IS - 1064-1955 (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 2 DP - 2018 May TI - Changes in endothelial function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in pregnant women after consumption of high-flavanol and high-theobromine chocolate: a double blind randomized clinical trial. PG - 68-80 LID - 10.1080/10641955.2018.1446977 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this 2-group, parallel, double blind single-centre RCT was to evaluate the acute and chronic impacts of high flavanol high theobromine (HFHT) chocolate consumption on endothelial function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) in women at risk of preeclampsia. METHODS: 131 pregnant women considered at risk of preeclampsia based on uterine artery Doppler ultrasound were divided into two groups (HFHT or low flavanol and theobromine chocolate (LFLT). Acute changes in plasma flavanol and theobromine, peripheral arterial tonometry and BP were evaluated at randomization (0, 60 and 120 min after a single 40-g dose of chocolate) and again 6 and 12 weeks after daily 30-g chocolate intake. The EndoPAT 2000 provided reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and adjusted augmentation index (AIx) as markers for endothelial function and arterial stiffness, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with LFLT, acute HFHT intake significantly increased plasma epicatechin and theobromine (p < 0.0001), decreased AIx (p < 0.0001) and increased diastolic BP (3.49 +/- 3.40 mmHg increase in HFHT group vs 1.55 +/- 2.59 mmHg increase in LFLT group, p = 0.0008). Chronic HFHT compared with LFLT intake significantly increased plasma theobromine (p < 0.0001). No other significant within group or between group changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Acute consumption of HFHT, compared to LFLT, increased plasma epicatechin and theobromine concentrations and decreased arterial stiffness, with no effect on endothelial function and a marginal increase in diastolic BP. Chronic HFHT intake increased plasma theobromine, though it did not have positive impacts on endothelial function, arterial stiffness or BP when compared to LFLT in pregnant women at risk of PE. FAU - Babar, Asma AU - Babar A AD - a Research center , Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec , Quebec , Canada. AD - b Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Bujold, Emmanuel AU - Bujold E AD - a Research center , Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec , Quebec , Canada. AD - c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Leblanc, Vicky AU - Leblanc V AD - b Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Lavoie-Lebel, Elise AU - Lavoie-Lebel E AD - b Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Paquette, Joalee AU - Paquette J AD - a Research center , Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec , Quebec , Canada. AD - c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Bazinet, Laurent AU - Bazinet L AD - b Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. AD - d Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Lemieux, Simone AU - Lemieux S AD - b Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Marc, Isabelle AU - Marc I AD - a Research center , Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Abdous, Belkacem AU - Abdous B AD - a Research center , Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Dodin, Sylvie AU - Dodin S AD - a Research center , Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec , Quebec , Canada. AD - b Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. AD - c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Universite Laval , Quebec , Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20180416 PL - England TA - Hypertens Pregnancy JT - Hypertension in pregnancy JID - 9421297 RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Chocolate MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - Theobromine/*administration & dosage MH - Uterine Artery/diagnostic imaging MH - Vascular Stiffness/*drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Endothelium OT - gestational hypertension OT - preeclampsia OT - pregnancy OT - randomized controlled trial EDAT- 2018/04/17 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/27 06:00 CRDT- 2018/04/17 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/10641955.2018.1446977 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hypertens Pregnancy. 2018 May;37(2):68-80. doi: 10.1080/10641955.2018.1446977. Epub 2018 Apr 16. PMID- 29652818 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180918 LR - 20181114 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 4 DP - 2018 Apr 13 TI - Beneficial Effects of Different Flavonoids on Vascular and Renal Function in L-NAME Hypertensive Rats. LID - 10.3390/nu10040484 [doi] LID - 484 AB - BACKGROUND: we have evaluated the antihypertensive effect of several flavonoid extracts in a rat model of arterial hypertension caused by chronic administration (6 weeks) of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, L-NAME. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats received L-NAME alone or L-NAME plus flavonoid-rich vegetal extracts (Lemon, Grapefruit + Bitter Orange, and Cocoa) or purified flavonoids (Apigenin and Diosmin) for 6 weeks. RESULTS: L-NAME treatment resulted in a marked elevation of blood pressure, and treatment with Apigenin, Lemon Extract, and Grapefruit + Bitter Orange extracts significantly reduced the elevated blood pressure of these animals. Apigenin and some of these flavonoids also ameliorated nitric oxide-dependent and -independent aortic vasodilation and elevated nitrite urinary excretion. End-organ abnormalities such as cardiac infarcts, hyaline arteriopathy and fibrinoid necrosis in coronary arteries and aorta were improved by these treatments, reducing the end-organ vascular damage. CONCLUSIONS: the flavonoids included in this study, specially apigenin, may be used as functional food ingredients with potential therapeutic benefit in arterial hypertension. FAU - Paredes, M Dolores AU - Paredes MD AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina & Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. madopaca@um.es. FAU - Romecin, Paola AU - Romecin P AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina & Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. paodunromec@gmail.com. FAU - Atucha, Noemi M AU - Atucha NM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4667-3270 AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina & Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. ntma@um.es. FAU - O'Valle, Francisco AU - O'Valle F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9207-2287 AD - Departamento de Anatomia Patologica, Facultad de Medicina, IBIMER, ibs.Granada, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain. fovalle@ugr.es. FAU - Castillo, Julian AU - Castillo J AD - Instituto Universitario de Envejecimiento & Research and Development Department, Nutrafur SA-FRUTAROM Group, 30820 Alcantarilla (Murcia), Spain. j.castillo@nutrafur.com. FAU - Ortiz, M Clara AU - Ortiz MC AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina & Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. clara@um.es. FAU - Garcia-Estan, Joaquin AU - Garcia-Estan J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7243-0240 AD - Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina & Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain. jgestan@um.es. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180413 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 7V515PI7F6 (Apigenin) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/chemistry/*therapeutic use MH - Apigenin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use MH - Flavonoids/*therapeutic use MH - Hypertension/*chemically induced/drug therapy MH - Kidney/*physiology MH - Male MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/*toxicity MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*therapeutic use MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley PMC - PMC5946269 OTO - NOTNLM OT - acetylcholine OT - flavonoids OT - heart OT - kidney OT - nitric oxide OT - phenylephrine OT - sodium balance COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2018/04/14 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/19 06:00 PMCR- 2018/04/01 CRDT- 2018/04/14 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/04/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/04/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/04/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu10040484 [pii] AID - nutrients-10-00484 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu10040484 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2018 Apr 13;10(4):484. doi: 10.3390/nu10040484. PMID- 29631143 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190904 LR - 20190904 IS - 1873-4847 (Electronic) IS - 0955-2863 (Linking) VI - 56 DP - 2018 Jun TI - Grape pomace extract induced beige cells in white adipose tissue from rats and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PG - 224-233 LID - S0955-2863(17)30454-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.001 [doi] AB - This study investigated the effects of a grape pomace extract (GPE) rich in phenolic compounds on brown-like adipocyte induction and adiposity in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and control normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD consumption for 10 weeks significantly increased epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in WKY but not in SHR rats. Supplementation with GPE (300 mg/kg body weight/day) reduced adipocyte diameter and increased levels of proteins that participate in adipogenesis and angiogenesis, i.e., peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), vascular endothelial grow factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), and partially increased the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in WKY. In both strains, GPE attenuated adipose inflammation. In eWAT from SHR, GPE increased the expression of proteins involved in adipose tissue "browning," i.e., PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), PPARgamma, PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and UCP-1. In primary cultures of SHR adipocytes, GPE-induced UCP-1 up-regulation was dependent on p38 and ERK activation. Accordingly, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitate, the addition of GPE (30 muM) activated the beta-adrenergic signaling cascade (PKA, AMPK, p38, ERK). This led to the associated up-regulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1alpha, PPARgamma, PRDM16 and UCP-1) and fatty acid oxidation (ATGL). These effects were similar to those exerted by (-)-epicatechin and quercetin, major phenolic compounds in GPE. Overall, in HFD-fed rats, supplementation with GPE promoted brown-like cell formation in eWAT and diminished adipose dysfunction. Thus, winemaking residues, rich in bioactive compounds, could be useful to mitigate the adverse effects of HFD-induced adipose dysfunction. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Rodriguez Lanzi, Cecilia AU - Rodriguez Lanzi C AD - Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. FAU - Perdicaro, Diahann Jeanette AU - Perdicaro DJ AD - Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. FAU - Landa, Maria Silvina AU - Landa MS AD - Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research "Alfredo Lanari," Buenos Aires University and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Fontana, Ariel AU - Fontana A AD - Laboratorio de Bioquimica Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, M5528AHB, Mendoza, Argentina. FAU - Antoniolli, Andrea AU - Antoniolli A AD - Laboratorio de Bioquimica Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, M5528AHB, Mendoza, Argentina. FAU - Miatello, Roberto Miguel AU - Miatello RM AD - Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. FAU - Oteiza, Patricia Isabel AU - Oteiza PI AD - Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. FAU - Vazquez Prieto, Marcela Alejandra AU - Vazquez Prieto MA AD - Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Electronic address: mvazquez@fcm.uncu.edu.ar. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180310 PL - United States TA - J Nutr Biochem JT - The Journal of nutritional biochemistry JID - 9010081 RN - 0 (PPAR gamma) RN - 0 (PPAR gamma, rat) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) RN - 0 (Ucp1 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Uncoupling Protein 1) RN - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) RN - 0 (vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat) RN - EC 2.7.10.1 (Kdr protein, rat) RN - EC 2.7.10.1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2) RN - EC 2.7.11.24 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases) SB - IM MH - 3T3-L1 Cells MH - Adipocytes, Beige/*cytology MH - Adipogenesis MH - Adipose Tissue MH - Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology MH - Adipose Tissue, White/*cytology MH - Animals MH - Body Weight MH - Cell Differentiation MH - Diet, High-Fat MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Epididymis MH - Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Oxidative Stress MH - PPAR gamma/metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Signal Transduction/drug effects MH - Transcription Factors/metabolism MH - Uncoupling Protein 1/biosynthesis MH - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism MH - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism MH - Vitis/*chemistry OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brown-like adipocytes OT - Grape pomace extract OT - High-fat diet OT - Mitochondrial biogenesis OT - Polyphenols EDAT- 2018/04/10 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/05 06:00 CRDT- 2018/04/10 06:00 PHST- 2017/06/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/02/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/03/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/10 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0955-2863(17)30454-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr Biochem. 2018 Jun;56:224-233. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.001. Epub 2018 Mar 10. PMID- 29588824 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220316 IS - 2008-5842 (Print) IS - 2008-5842 (Electronic) IS - 2008-5842 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 1 DP - 2018 Jan TI - The status and predictors of hypertension preventive nutritional behaviors in adolescents based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. PG - 6223-6230 LID - 10.19082/6223 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is an important factor affecting hypertensive incidence. Since the unhealthiest nutritional behaviors are rooted in childhood attitudes and experiences, applying educational interventions to these age groups will be most useful in the formation of preventive nutritional behaviors. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive power of the TPB on hypertension in junior high-school students. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 junior high-school students in Kashmar, Iran in academic year commencing 2-13-2014, selected through random sampling. The participants completed a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of a demographic information form and a section to evaluate the constructs of the TPB. The data collected were analyzed in SPSS-16 using the correlation Wilcoxon statistics test, the one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 13.51. A total of 47% of the students had snacked on potato chips and cheese puffs, 45% had eaten high-fat foods and 51.2% had eaten cookies and chocolates within the past week. The variable of behavioral intention predicted 32% of the variations in preventive nutritional behaviors by itself. The Pearson product-moment correlation analysis found that hypertension preventive nutritional behaviors were significantly correlated with attitude (p<0.001, r=0.38), perceived behavioral control (p<0.001, r=0.38), and behavioral intention. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between subjective norms and attitude (p<0.028, r=0.173), perceived behavioral control and attitude (p<0.003, r=0.231), behavioral intention and attitude (p<0.001, r=0.370), behavioral intention and subjective norms (p<0.030, r=0.171) and between behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control (p<0.001, r=0.484). CONCLUSION: The examined students revealed an adequate adherence to preventive nutritional behaviors. Nutrition education interventions should be developed based on variables such as behavioral intention and its determinants, i.e. attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. FAU - Matlabi, Mohammad AU - Matlabi M AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. FAU - Esmaeili, Reza AU - Esmaeili R AD - Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center" and "Public Health Department, Health Faculty", Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. FAU - Moshki, Mahdi AU - Moshki M AD - Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. FAU - Ranaei, Afsaneh AU - Ranaei A AD - M.Sc. Student, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. FAU - Haji, Alireza AU - Haji A AD - M.Sc. Student, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. FAU - Mehrabi, Rahele AU - Mehrabi R AD - M.Sc. in Medical Library and Information Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180125 PL - Iran TA - Electron Physician JT - Electronic physician JID - 101645099 PMC - PMC5853998 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Hypertension OT - Preventive nutritional behaviors OT - Students OT - Theory of planned behaviors COIS- Conflict of Interest: There is no conflict of interest to be declared. EDAT- 2018/03/29 06:00 MHDA- 2018/03/29 06:01 PMCR- 2018/01/25 CRDT- 2018/03/29 06:00 PHST- 2017/04/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/09/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/03/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/03/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/03/29 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2018/01/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - epj-10-6223 [pii] AID - 10.19082/6223 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Electron Physician. 2018 Jan 25;10(1):6223-6230. doi: 10.19082/6223. eCollection 2018 Jan. PMID- 29569905 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180427 LR - 20180427 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 66 IP - 14 DP - 2018 Apr 11 TI - Novel Antihypertensive Prodrug from Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract via Acid-Mediated Depolymerization in the Presence of Captopril: Synthesis, Process Optimization, and Metabolism in Rats. PG - 3700-3707 LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00373 [doi] AB - Grape seed extract contains a high content of proanthocyanidins that can be depolymerized into C-4-substituted (epi)catechin derivatives in the presence of nucleophiles. However, the biological and medicinal values of depolymerization products have been rarely investigated. Recently, we developed a novel depolymerization product (-)-epicatechin-4beta- S-captopril methyl ester (ECC) derived from the reaction of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract with captopril in the presence of acidified methanol. A central composite design was employed to select the most appropriate depolymerization temperature and time to obtain the target product ECC with a high yield. A total of 16 metabolites of ECC in rat urine, feces, and plasma were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The in vivo results suggested that ECC could release captopril methyl ester and epicatechin, followed by the generation of further metabolites captopril and epicatechin sulfate conjugates. Therefore, ECC may be used as a potential prodrug with synergistic or additive hypotensive effects. FAU - Cui, Can AU - Cui C FAU - Shi, Ailong AU - Shi A FAU - Bai, Shuang AU - Bai S FAU - Yan, Pengyu AU - Yan P FAU - Li, Qing AU - Li Q FAU - Bi, Kaishun AU - Bi K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3929-0394 LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180328 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Grape Seed Extract) RN - 0 (Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 0 (Prodrugs) RN - 9G64RSX1XD (Captopril) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Captopril/chemistry MH - Grape Seed Extract/administration & dosage/*chemistry/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Male MH - Polymerization MH - Proanthocyanidins/administration & dosage/*chemistry/*metabolism MH - Prodrugs/administration & dosage/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Seeds/chemistry MH - Urine/chemistry MH - Vitis/*chemistry OTO - NOTNLM OT - captopril OT - central composite design OT - depolymerization OT - grape seed proanthocyanidin extract OT - metabolism OT - prodrug EDAT- 2018/03/24 06:00 MHDA- 2018/04/28 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/24 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/04/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/03/24 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00373 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Apr 11;66(14):3700-3707. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00373. Epub 2018 Mar 28. PMID- 29557436 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180917 LR - 20250623 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 4 DP - 2018 Apr 25 TI - Effects of superfoods on risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of human intervention trials. PG - 1944-1966 LID - 10.1039/C7FO01792H [doi] AB - Functional foods can be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and subsequently the onset of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus. More recently, however, another term was introduced to describe foods with additional health benefits: "superfoods", for which, to date, no generally accepted definition exists. Nonetheless, their consumption might contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndrome, for example due to the presence of potentially bioactive compounds. This review provides an overview of controlled human intervention studies with foods described as "superfoods" and their effects on metabolic syndrome parameters. First, an Internet search was performed to identify foods described as superfoods. For these superfoods, controlled human intervention trials were identified until April 2017 investigating the effects of superfood consumption on metabolic syndrome parameters: waist circumference or BMI, blood pressure, or concentrations of HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol or glucose. Seventeen superfoods were identified, including a total of 113 intervention trials: blueberries (8 studies), cranberries (8), goji berries (3), strawberries (7), chili peppers (3), garlic (21), ginger (10), chia seed (5), flaxseed (22), quinoa (1), cocoa (16), maca (1), spirulina (7), wheatgrass (1), acai berries (0), hemp seed (0) and bee pollen (0). Overall, only limited evidence was found for the effects of the foods described as superfoods on metabolic syndrome parameters, since results were not consistent or the number of controlled intervention trials was limited. The inconsistencies might have been related to intervention-related factors, such as duration or dose. Furthermore, conclusions may be different if other health benefits are considered. FAU - van den Driessche, Jose J AU - van den Driessche JJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2893-0595 AD - Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands. r.mensink@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Plat, Jogchum AU - Plat J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1570-9608 AD - Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands. r.mensink@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Mensink, Ronald P AU - Mensink RP AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8908-3580 AD - Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands. r.mensink@maastrichtuniversity.nl. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 SB - IM MH - *Food MH - Humans MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*prevention & control MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Risk Factors EDAT- 2018/03/21 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/18 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/21 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/03/21 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/C7FO01792H [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2018 Apr 25;9(4):1944-1966. doi: 10.1039/C7FO01792H. PMID- 29553824 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200127 LR - 20200127 IS - 1549-7852 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8398 (Linking) VI - 59 IP - 15 DP - 2019 TI - Does cocoa/dark chocolate supplementation have favorable effect on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference? A systematic review, meta-analysis and dose-response of randomized clinical trials. PG - 2349-2362 LID - 10.1080/10408398.2018.1451820 [doi] AB - Background: Cocoa and dark chocolate (DC) have been reported to be effective for health promotion; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined. Methods: A comprehensive search to identify randomized clinical trials investigating the impact of cocoa/DC on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was performed up to December 2017. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using random effects model to estimate pooled effect size. Fractional polynominal modeling was used to explore dose-response relationships. Results: A total of 35 RCTs investigated the effects of cocoa/DC on weight, BMI and WC were included. Meta-analysis did not suggest any significant effect of cocoa/DC supplementation on body weight (-0.108 kg, 95% CI -0.262, 0.046 P = 0.168), BMI (-0.014 kg/m(2) 95% CI -0.105, 0.077, P: 0.759,) and WC (0.025 cm 95% CI -0.083, 0.129, P = 0.640). Subgroup analysis revealed that that weight and BMI were reduced with cocoa/DC supplementation >/= 30 g chocolate per day in trials between 4-8 weeks. Cocoa/DC consumption resulted in WC reduction in non-linear fashion (r = 0.042, P-nonlinearity = 0.008).Conclusion: Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly. However subgroup analysis regarding dose (>/= 30 g/day) and duration (between 4 to 8 weeks) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI. FAU - Kord-Varkaneh, Hamed AU - Kord-Varkaneh H AD - a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. AD - b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. FAU - Ghaedi, Ehsan AU - Ghaedi E AD - b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. FAU - Nazary-Vanani, Ali AU - Nazary-Vanani A AD - b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. FAU - Mohammadi, Hamed AU - Mohammadi H AD - c Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran. AD - d Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran. FAU - Shab-Bidar, Sakineh AU - Shab-Bidar S AD - a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20180412 PL - United States TA - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr JT - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition JID - 8914818 SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Body Mass Index MH - *Body Weight MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Chocolate/*analysis MH - Databases, Factual MH - Diet MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Obesity/diet therapy MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Waist Circumference OTO - NOTNLM OT - Body Weight OT - anthropometry OT - cacao OT - chocolate OT - meta-analysis EDAT- 2018/03/20 06:00 MHDA- 2020/01/28 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/20 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/01/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/03/20 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/10408398.2018.1451820 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(15):2349-2362. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1451820. Epub 2018 Apr 12. PMID- 29534636 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191224 LR - 20191224 IS - 1476-4954 (Electronic) IS - 1476-4954 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 17 DP - 2019 Sep TI - Maternal and fetal effects of chocolate consumption during pregnancy: a systematic review. PG - 2915-2927 LID - 10.1080/14767058.2018.1449200 [doi] AB - Objectives: The purpose of this review is to explore the effects of chocolate consumption during pregnancy on fetus and mother herself. Methods: Randomized controlled trials/quasi-experimental/observational/controlled before and after studies involving chocolate/cocoa/cacao consumption (irrespective of type or dose, composition, exposure period, and method of administration) among pregnant women/animals; and measuring any outcome (beneficial or harmful) related to fetus or mother after chocolate exposure were included. Databases searched were PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus; between April and May 2017. Risk of bias within each human randomized controlled trial (RCT) and animals' experimental studies was evaluated by "The Cochrane Collaboration's tool" and SYRCLE's tool respectively. Results: Fourteen human studies including a total of 6639 participants and nine animal studies were selected. Outcome variables investigated in human studies were maternal blood pressure, fetal heart rate, and striae gravidarum. Animal studies explored chocolate-induced teratogenicity and fetal metabolic derangements. Ten out of these 23 studies reported chocolate to be "beneficial"; five studies reported adverse effects, whereas eight studies declared chocolate as "neutral". Conclusions: Maternal chocolate intake has acute stimulatory effects on fetal reactivity and chronic blood pressure reducing effect in mothers. Chocolate is nonteratogenic and does not affect reproductive indices. Metabolic derangements in offsprings born to chocolate fed dams have been reported. Pregnant females must be careful about consumption of cocoa and chocolate. Future studies should be planned, keeping in view heterogeneities identified across the selected studies in this review. FAU - Latif, Rabia AU - Latif R AD - a Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20180313 PL - England TA - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med JT - The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians JID - 101136916 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chocolate/*adverse effects MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Maternal-Fetal Exchange MH - Pregnancy MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cacao OT - chocolate OT - cocoa OT - pregnancy EDAT- 2018/03/15 06:00 MHDA- 2019/12/25 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/15 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/12/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/03/15 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/14767058.2018.1449200 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Sep;32(17):2915-2927. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1449200. Epub 2018 Mar 13. PMID- 29528772 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190730 LR - 20190730 IS - 1541-1087 (Electronic) IS - 0731-5724 (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 5 DP - 2018 Jul TI - Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review. PG - 429-455 LID - 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867 [doi] AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology and treatment of CVD. Functional foods based on their basic nutritional functions can decrease the risk of many chronic diseases and have some physiological benefits. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk, focusing primarily on established risk factors, which are hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity/overweight, elevated lipoprotein A level, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Functional foods are suspected to exert their cardioprotective effects mainly through blood lipid profile level and improve hypertension control, endothelial function, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant actions. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that vegetable and fruit fiber, nuts and seeds, sea foods, coffee, tea, and dark chocolate have cardioprotective potential in humans, as well whole-grain products containing intact grain kernels rich in fiber and trace nutrients. They are nutritionally more important because they contain phytoprotective substances that might work synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between functional foods and the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action. FAU - Asgary, Sedigheh AU - Asgary S AD - a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran. FAU - Rastqar, Ali AU - Rastqar A AD - b Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Universite Laval, Quebec , Quebec , Canada. AD - c Research Center of University Affiliated Quebec Mental Health Institute, Quebec , Quebec , Canada. FAU - Keshvari, Mahtab AU - Keshvari M AD - a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20180312 PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Nutr JT - Journal of the American College of Nutrition JID - 8215879 MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*diet therapy/*prevention & control MH - Diet MH - *Functional Food MH - Humans OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular disease OT - functional foods OT - nutrition EDAT- 2018/03/13 06:00 MHDA- 2019/07/31 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/13 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/07/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/03/13 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Nutr. 2018 Jul;37(5):429-455. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867. Epub 2018 Mar 12. PMID- 29384050 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190919 LR - 20190919 IS - 1873-4286 (Electronic) IS - 1381-6128 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 2 DP - 2018 TI - Polyphenols: Potential Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. PG - 239-258 LID - 10.2174/1381612824666180130112652 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Polyphenols are bioactive compounds that can be found mostly in foods like fruits, cereals, vegetables, dry legumes, chocolate and beverages such as coffee, tea and wine. They are extensively used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) providing protection against many chronic illnesses. Their effects on human health depend on the amount consumed and on their bioavailability. Many studies have demonstrated that polyphenols have also good effects on the vascular system by lowering blood pressure, improving endothelial function, increasing antioxidant defences, inhibiting platelet aggregation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and reducing inflammatory responses. METHODS: This review is focused on some groups of polyphenols and their effects on several cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, oxidative stress, atherogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, carotid artery intima-media thickness, diabetes and lipid disorders. RESULTS: It is proved that these compounds have many cardio protective functions: they alter hepatic cholesterol absorption, triglyceride biosynthesis and lipoprotein secretion, the processing of lipoproteins in plasma, and inflammation. In some cases, human long-term studies did not show conclusive results because they lacked in appropriate controls and in an undefined polyphenol dosing regimen. CONCLUSION: Rigorous evidence is necessary to demonstrate whether or not polyphenols beneficially impact CVD prevention and treatment. CI - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org. FAU - Giglio, Rosaria Vincenza AU - Giglio RV AD - Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. FAU - Patti, Angelo Maria AU - Patti AM AD - Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. FAU - Cicero, Arrigo F G AU - Cicero AFG AD - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. FAU - Lippi, Giuseppe AU - Lippi G AD - Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. FAU - Rizzo, Manfredi AU - Rizzo M AD - Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. FAU - Toth, Peter P AU - Toth PP AD - CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois; Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States. FAU - Banach, Maciej AU - Banach M AD - Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Curr Pharm Des JT - Current pharmaceutical design JID - 9602487 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*drug therapy/*prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Polyphenols/*therapeutic use OTO - NOTNLM OT - Polyphenols OT - cardiovascular risk OT - flavonoids OT - lignans OT - phenolic acids OT - prevention OT - stilbenes OT - therapy. EDAT- 2018/02/01 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/20 06:00 CRDT- 2018/02/01 06:00 PHST- 2017/09/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/12/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/01/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/02/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/02/01 06:00 [entrez] AID - CPD-EPUB-88271 [pii] AID - 10.2174/1381612824666180130112652 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(2):239-258. doi: 10.2174/1381612824666180130112652. PMID- 29355598 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190221 LR - 20190221 IS - 1873-1899 (Electronic) IS - 0734-9750 (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 3 DP - 2018 May-Jun TI - Biological activities of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epicatechin-containing foods: Focus on cardiovascular and neuropsychological health. PG - 666-681 LID - S0734-9750(18)30009-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.009 [doi] AB - Recent studies have suggested that certain (-)-epicatechin-containing foods have a blood pressure-lowering capacity. The mechanisms underlying (-)-epicatechin action may help prevent oxidative damage and endothelial dysfunction, which have both been associated with hypertension and certain brain disorders. Moreover, (-)-epicatechin has been shown to modify metabolic profile, blood's rheological properties, and to cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, (-)-epicatechin causes multiple actions that may provide unique synergy beneficial for cardiovascular and neuropsychological health. This review summarises the current knowledge on the biological actions of (-)-epicatechin, related to cardiovascular and brain functions, which may play a remarkable role in human health and longevity. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Bernatova, Iveta AU - Bernatova I AD - Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: iveta.bernatova@savba.sk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20180202 PL - England TA - Biotechnol Adv JT - Biotechnology advances JID - 8403708 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology MH - Biological Availability MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects MH - Brain/drug effects/metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control MH - Catechin/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Flavonoids/analysis/chemistry/pharmacokinetics MH - *Food MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy/prevention & control MH - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-Epicatechin OT - Behaviour OT - Brain disorders OT - Endothelial dysfunction OT - Flavanols OT - Flavonoids OT - Hypertension OT - Neuroprotection OT - Nitric oxide OT - Superoxide EDAT- 2018/01/23 06:00 MHDA- 2019/02/23 06:00 CRDT- 2018/01/23 06:00 PHST- 2017/08/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/01/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/01/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/01/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/02/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/01/23 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0734-9750(18)30009-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biotechnol Adv. 2018 May-Jun;36(3):666-681. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.009. Epub 2018 Feb 2. PMID- 29330660 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191219 LR - 20220408 IS - 1436-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1436-6207 (Print) IS - 1436-6207 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 3 DP - 2019 Apr TI - Theobromine consumption does not improve fasting and postprandial vascular function in overweight and obese subjects. PG - 981-987 LID - 10.1007/s00394-018-1612-6 [doi] AB - BACKGOUND: Theobromine, a component of cocoa, may favorably affect conventional lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers, but effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and other vascular function markers are not known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of 4-week theobromine consumption (500 mg/day) on fasting and postprandial vascular function markers. DESIGN: In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 44 apparently healthy overweight (N = 30) and obese (N = 14) men and women with low HDL-C concentrations, consumed daily 500 mg theobromine or placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, FMD, peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvasculature measurements were performed. These measurements were carried out under fasting conditions and 2.5 h after a high-fat mixed meal challenge. RESULTS: 4-week theobromine consumption did not change fasting vascular function markers, except for a decrease in central AIx (cAIx, - 1.7 pp, P = 0.037) and a trend towards smaller venular calibers (- 2 microm, P = 0.074). Consuming a high-fat mixed meal decreased FMD (0.89 pp, P = 0.002), reactive hyperemia index (RHI, - 0.30, P < 0.001), peripheral systolic BP (SBP, - 3 mmHg, P 15 mg/100 g) or low-flavonoid (<5 mg/100 g) fruit and vegetables and increased intake by 2 portions every 6 weeks. The control arm was habitual diet over the same time frame. Trial 2 was conducted in an older males and female cohort (aged 62-75 y) intervening with a high-flavanol cocoa drink (494 mg total flavanols) and a low-flavanol cocoa drink (23 mg total flavanols) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Serum BDNF levels increased linearly to the age of 65, after which BDNF levels were found to decrease markedly. All other physiological and anthropometric measurements proved to not be significantly associated with serum BDNF levels (p > 0.05), although higher levels in males compared to females almost achieved significance (p = 0.056). At baseline, higher serum BDNF levels were associated with significantly better global cognition scores, relative to individuals with lower serum levels. In addition, following intervention for 18 weeks, high-flavonoid, but not low-flavonoid, fruit and vegetable intake induced significant improvements in cognitive performance and increases in serum BDNF levels (p = <0.001). Flavanol intervention for 12 weeks also resulted in significant increases in serum BDNF (p = <0.001), and such increases were correlated with improvements in global cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: Increases in global cognition induced by high flavonoid fruit and vegetables, and cocoa flavanols were paralleled by concurrent changes in serum BDNF levels, suggesting a role for BDNF in flavonoid-induced cognitive improvements. Furthermore, we provide further data suggesting that serum BDNF levels may represent a biomarker of cognitive function. FAU - Neshatdoust, Sara AU - Neshatdoust S AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK. FAU - Saunders, Caroline AU - Saunders C AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK. FAU - Castle, Sophie M AU - Castle SM AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK. FAU - Vauzour, David AU - Vauzour D AD - Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich, UK. FAU - Williams, Claire AU - Williams C AD - School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, UK. FAU - Butler, Laurie AU - Butler L AD - School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, UK. FAU - Lovegrove, Julie A AU - Lovegrove JA AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK. FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E AU - Spencer JP AD - Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161027 PL - Netherlands TA - Nutr Healthy Aging JT - Nutrition and healthy aging JID - 101696636 PMC - PMC5166520 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa flavanols OT - absorption OT - inter-individual variability OT - intra-individual variability OT - metabolism EDAT- 2016/12/31 06:00 MHDA- 2016/12/31 06:01 CRDT- 2016/12/31 06:00 PHST- 2016/12/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/12/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/12/31 06:01 [medline] AID - NHA1615 [pii] AID - 10.3233/NHA-1615 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr Healthy Aging. 2016 Oct 27;4(1):81-93. doi: 10.3233/NHA-1615. PMID- 28003203 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170627 LR - 20230214 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 105 IP - 2 DP - 2017 Feb TI - Methylxanthines enhance the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiovascular function: randomized, double-masked controlled studies. PG - 352-360 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.116.140046 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cocoa flavanol intake, especially that of (-)-epicatechin, has been linked to beneficial effects on human cardiovascular function. However, cocoa also contains the methylxanthines theobromine and caffeine, which may also affect vascular function. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether an interaction between cocoa flavanols and methylxanthines exists that influences cocoa flavanol-dependent vascular effects. DESIGN: Test drinks that contained various amounts of cocoa flavanols (0-820 mg) and methylxanthines (0-220 mg), either together or individually, were consumed by healthy volunteers (n = 47) in 4 different clinical studies-3 with a randomized, double-masked crossover design and 1 with 4 parallel crossover studies. Vascular status was assessed by measuring flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), brachial pulse wave velocity (bPWV), circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), and blood pressure before and 2 h after the ingestion of test drinks. RESULTS: Although cocoa flavanol intake increased FMD 2 h after intake, the consumption of cocoa flavanols with methylxanthines resulted in a greater enhancement of FMD. Methylxanthine intake alone did not result in statistically significant changes in FMD. Cocoa flavanol ingestion alone decreased bPWV and diastolic blood pressure and increased CACs. Each of these changes was more pronounced when cocoa flavanols and methylxanthines were ingested together. It is important to note that the area under the curve of the plasma concentration of (-)-epicatechin metabolites over time was higher after the co-ingestion of cocoa flavanols and methylxanthines than after the intake of cocoa flavanols alone. Similar results were obtained when pure (-)-epicatechin and the methylxanthines theobromine and caffeine were consumed together. CONCLUSION: A substantial interaction between cocoa flavanols and methylxanthines exists at the level of absorption, in which the methylxanthines mediate an increased plasma concentration of (-)-epicatechin metabolites that coincides with enhanced vascular effects commonly ascribed to cocoa flavanol intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02149238. CI - (c) 2017 American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI AD - Mars Inc., McLean, VA. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. AD - Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Heinen, Yvonne AU - Heinen Y AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Noske, Dorina AU - Noske D AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P AU - Spencer JP AD - Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; and. FAU - Crozier, Alan AU - Crozier A AD - Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA. FAU - Merx, Marc W AU - Merx MW AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars Inc., McLean, VA. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; christian.heiss@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02149238 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20161221 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Xanthines) RN - 28109-92-4 (methylxanthine) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Caffeine/administration & dosage MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects MH - Catechin/blood/urine MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endpoint Determination MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Theobromine/administration & dosage MH - Vascular Stiffness/drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects MH - Xanthines/*administration & dosage MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - absorption OT - cardiovascular function OT - cocoa flavanols OT - interaction OT - methylxanthines EDAT- 2016/12/23 06:00 MHDA- 2017/06/28 06:00 CRDT- 2016/12/23 06:00 PHST- 2016/06/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/11/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/12/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/06/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/12/23 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(22)04766-9 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.116.140046 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb;105(2):352-360. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140046. Epub 2016 Dec 21. PMID- 27885334 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170313 LR - 20181113 IS - 1942-0994 (Electronic) IS - 1942-0900 (Print) IS - 1942-0994 (Linking) VI - 2016 DP - 2016 TI - (-)-Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. PG - 6949020 LID - 6949020 AB - This study investigated the effects of subchronic (-)-epicatechin (Epi) treatment on locomotor activity and hypertension development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Epi was administered in drinking water (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Epi significantly prevented the development of hypertension (138 +/- 2 versus 169 +/- 5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and reduced total distance traveled in the open-field test (22 +/- 2 versus 35 +/- 4 m, p < 0.01). In blood, Epi significantly enhanced erythrocyte deformability, increased total antioxidant capacity, and decreased nitrotyrosine concentration. In the aorta, Epi significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity and elevated the NO-dependent vasorelaxation. In the left heart ventricle, Epi increased NOS activity without altering gene expressions of nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS. Moreover, Epi reduced superoxide production in the left heart ventricle and the aorta. In the brain, Epi increased nNOS gene expression (in the brainstem and cerebellum) and eNOS expression (in the cerebellum) but had no effect on overall NOS activity. In conclusion, Epi prevented the development of hypertension and reduced locomotor hyperactivity in young SHR. These effects resulted from improved cardiovascular NO bioavailability concurrently with increased erythrocyte deformability, without changes in NO production in the brain. FAU - Kluknavsky, M AU - Kluknavsky M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1568-7397 AD - Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Balis, P AU - Balis P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9835-2941 AD - Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Puzserova, A AU - Puzserova A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7282-6547 AD - Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Radosinska, J AU - Radosinska J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6703-5863 AD - Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Berenyiova, A AU - Berenyiova A AD - Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Drobna, M AU - Drobna M AD - Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Lukac, S AU - Lukac S AD - Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Muchova, J AU - Muchova J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7419-6913 AD - Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. FAU - Bernatova, I AU - Bernatova I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6120-706X AD - Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161103 PL - United States TA - Oxid Med Cell Longev JT - Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity JID - 101479826 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) SB - IM EIN - Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:9483845. doi: 10.1155/2017/9483845. PMID: 28593026 MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/metabolism MH - Behavior, Animal/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Erythrocyte Deformability/drug effects MH - Male MH - Motor Activity/*drug effects MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Superoxides/metabolism PMC - PMC5112311 COIS- All authors have no potential financial or ethical competing interests regarding the contents of the submission. EDAT- 2016/11/26 06:00 MHDA- 2017/03/14 06:00 PMCR- 2016/11/03 CRDT- 2016/11/26 06:00 PHST- 2016/05/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/09/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/10/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/11/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/03/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2016/6949020 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:6949020. doi: 10.1155/2016/6949020. Epub 2016 Nov 3. PMID- 27881914 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170213 LR - 20260127 IS - 1178-1998 (Electronic) IS - 1176-9092 (Print) IS - 1176-9092 (Linking) VI - 11 DP - 2016 TI - Habitual cocoa intake reduces arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women regardless of intake frequency: a randomized parallel-group study. PG - 1645-1652 AB - Arterial stiffness is substantially higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. Daily cocoa intake has been shown to reduce central arterial stiffness in health adults, regardless of age; however, the effect of cocoa-intake frequency on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cocoa-intake frequency on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. A total of 26 postmenopausal women (mean age +/- standard deviation 64+/-12 years) were randomly assigned to two groups with different cocoa-intake frequencies: one group ingested 17 g of cocoa once daily except on Sundays (every-day group, n=13), and the other ingested 17 g of cocoa twice daily every other day (every-other-day group, n=13). These intake regimens were maintained in both groups for 12 weeks. Carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and femoral-ankle pulse-wave velocity were measured in both groups at baseline and again at the end of the 12-week study period. Compared to baseline, both pulse-wave velocities had significantly decreased after the 12-week study period in both groups (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in degree of change was observed between the two groups. Although this study did not include a sedentary control group, these results suggest that regardless of frequency, habitual cocoa intake reduces central and peripheral arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. FAU - Okamoto, Takanobu AU - Okamoto T AD - Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Kobayashi, Ryota AU - Kobayashi R AD - Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Natsume, Midori AU - Natsume M AD - Food Sciences Research Laboratories, Meiji Co Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan. FAU - Nakazato, Koichi AU - Nakazato K AD - Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20161114 PL - New Zealand TA - Clin Interv Aging JT - Clinical interventions in aging JID - 101273480 RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Chocolate MH - Endothelin-1/blood MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Japan MH - Middle Aged MH - Postmenopause MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Risk Factors MH - *Vascular Stiffness PMC - PMC5115689 OTO - NOTNLM OT - endothelin 1 OT - flavanol-enriched cocoa OT - intake frequency OT - pulse-wave velocity COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. EDAT- 2016/11/25 06:00 MHDA- 2017/02/14 06:00 PMCR- 2016/11/14 CRDT- 2016/11/25 06:00 PHST- 2016/11/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/11/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/02/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cia-11-1645 [pii] AID - 10.2147/CIA.S118152 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Clin Interv Aging. 2016 Nov 14;11:1645-1652. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S118152. eCollection 2016. PMID- 27827474 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180125 LR - 20180125 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 12 DP - 2016 Dec 7 TI - The prothrombotic state associated with obesity-induced hypertension is reduced by cocoa and its main flavanols. PG - 4880-4888 AB - BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of cocoa and its main flavanols on the prothrombotic state associated with the development of hypertension in diet-induced obesity models. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of cocoa powder, cocoa extract and their main flavanols on plasma biomarkers related to impaired coagulation and fibrinolysis and its association with hypertension and obesity-related metabolic disorders in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 7 treatment groups (n = 7): normal diet (ND); hypercaloric diet control group (HCD); HCD + cocoa powder (CO); HCD + cocoa extract (CO-EX); HCD + (-)-epicatechin (EPI); HCD + (+)-catechin (CAT); and HCD + procyanidin B2 (PB2). Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method (week 7). At the end of the experimental period (week 8), rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected immediately for coagulation and biochemical analyses. RESULTS: Oral administration of CO, CO-EX and their main flavanols significantly decreased plasma biomarkers related to impaired coagulation and fibrinolysis (vWF, FVIII, fibrinogen and PAI-1) in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. These effects were associated with decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, aortic oxidative stress (MDA levels) and improvement of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and circulating markers of inflammation (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP) compared to the HCD group. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that cocoa and its main flavanols may improve endothelial dysfunction and exert their antihypertensive effects by decreasing the prothrombotic state in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. Moreover, improvement of obesity-related metabolic disorders may also contribute to their BP-lowering effect. FAU - Rabadan-Chavez, G M AU - Rabadan-Chavez GM AD - Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Wilfrido Massiew s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Jaramillo_flores@hotmail.com gris.rab@gmail.com quevedocorona@hotmail.com elbareyesm@gmail.com npaniag@hotmail.com. FAU - Reyes-Maldonado, E AU - Reyes-Maldonado E AD - Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Wilfrido Massiew s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Jaramillo_flores@hotmail.com gris.rab@gmail.com quevedocorona@hotmail.com elbareyesm@gmail.com npaniag@hotmail.com. FAU - Quevedo-Corona, L AU - Quevedo-Corona L AD - Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Wilfrido Massiew s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Jaramillo_flores@hotmail.com gris.rab@gmail.com quevedocorona@hotmail.com elbareyesm@gmail.com npaniag@hotmail.com. FAU - Paniagua-Castro, N AU - Paniagua-Castro N AD - Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Wilfrido Massiew s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Jaramillo_flores@hotmail.com gris.rab@gmail.com quevedocorona@hotmail.com elbareyesm@gmail.com npaniag@hotmail.com. FAU - Escalona-Cardoso, G AU - Escalona-Cardoso G AD - Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Wilfrido Massiew s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Jaramillo_flores@hotmail.com gris.rab@gmail.com quevedocorona@hotmail.com elbareyesm@gmail.com npaniag@hotmail.com. FAU - Jaramillo-Flores, M E AU - Jaramillo-Flores ME AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0351-5339 AD - Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Wilfrido Massiew s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Jaramillo_flores@hotmail.com gris.rab@gmail.com quevedocorona@hotmail.com elbareyesm@gmail.com npaniag@hotmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Adipokines) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) SB - IM MH - Adipokines/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Aorta MH - Biomarkers MH - Chocolate/*analysis MH - Flavonols/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Hypertension/*chemically induced MH - Inflammation/metabolism MH - Lipid Peroxidation MH - Malondialdehyde/metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Rats EDAT- 2016/11/09 06:00 MHDA- 2018/01/26 06:00 CRDT- 2016/11/10 06:00 PHST- 2016/11/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/01/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/10 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/c6fo01165a [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2016 Dec 7;7(12):4880-4888. doi: 10.1039/c6fo01165a. PMID- 27624317 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171225 LR - 20180716 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 61 IP - 2 DP - 2017 Feb TI - Rat health status affects bioavailability, target tissue levels, and bioactivity of grape seed flavanols. LID - 10.1002/mnfr.201600342 [doi] AB - SCOPE: Studying the flavanol metabolism is essential to identify bioactive compounds, as beneficial effects of flavanols have been attributed to their metabolic products. However, host-related factors, including pathological conditions, may affect flavanol metabolism and, thus, their bioactivity. This study aims to elucidate whether hypertension affects grape seed flavanol metabolism, influencing their bioactivity in relation to hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: Grape seed flavanols' effect on blood pressure (BP) was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and healthy Wistar rats 6 h after grape seed extract administration (375 mg/kg). Animals were then sacrificed, and plasma bioavailability and aorta distribution of flavanol metabolites were studied by HPLC-MS/MS in both the groups. Grape seed flavanols were only able to decrease BP in SHR. Plasma total flavanol metabolites showed similar levels, being the difference noticed in specific metabolites' concentrations. Specifically, microbial metabolites showed quantitative and qualitative differences between both health states. Moreover, aorta total concentrations were found decreased in SHR. Interestingly, flavanol microbial metabolites were specifically increased SHR aortas, showing qualitative differences in small phenolic forms. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates important differences in bioactivity and target tissue metabolite levels between healthy and diseased rats, indicating potential metabolites responsible of the anti-hypertensive effect. CI - (c) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Margalef, Maria AU - Margalef M AD - Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. AD - Centre Tecnologic de Nutricio i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain. FAU - Pons, Zara AU - Pons Z AD - Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Iglesias-Carres, Lisard AU - Iglesias-Carres L AD - Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Quinones, Mar AU - Quinones M AD - Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. AD - Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela - Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. FAU - Bravo, Francisca Isabel AU - Bravo FI AD - Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Arola-Arnal, Anna AU - Arola-Arnal A AD - Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Muguerza, Begona AU - Muguerza B AD - Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. AD - Centre Tecnologic de Nutricio i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20161103 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Grape Seed Extract) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology MH - Aorta/drug effects MH - Biological Availability MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Flavonoids/blood/metabolism/*pharmacokinetics MH - Grape Seed Extract/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology MH - Health Status MH - Male MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Seeds/chemistry MH - Tissue Distribution MH - Vitis/*chemistry OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aorta OT - Bioavailability OT - Colonic metabolites OT - Essential hypertension OT - Grape seed polyphenols EDAT- 2016/11/04 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/26 06:00 CRDT- 2016/09/15 06:00 PHST- 2016/04/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/07/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/09/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/09/15 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.201600342 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Feb;61(2). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600342. Epub 2016 Nov 3. PMID- 27616615 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180102 LR - 20181202 IS - 1873-4596 (Electronic) IS - 0891-5849 (Linking) VI - 99 DP - 2016 Oct TI - Onset of a hypotensive effect following ingestion of flavan 3-ols involved in the activation of adrenergic receptors. PG - 584-592 LID - S0891-5849(16)30422-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.008 [doi] AB - A lot of epidemiological and intervention studies support the hypotensive action resulting from ingestion of foods rich in flavan 3-ols. However, the mechanisms of this action remain unclear. We have reported previously on the alteration of the micro- and systemic circulations after administration of a flavan 3-ol fraction (FL) derived from cocoa in mammals. We also confirmed that blood catecholamine levels increase significantly after administration of FL. In the present study, we examined whether adrenaline receptors are involved in the hemodynamic changes using several adrenaline receptor (AR) blockers. First, we confirmed that mean blood pressure (MBP) decreased significantly and aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels increased significantly following oral treatment of 10mg/kg FL for 2 weeks in normal rats compared with vehicle administration. However, these changes were not observed with treatment of 1mg/kg (-)-epicatechin (EC), which contains nearly equivalent amount of 10mg/kg FL. Secondly, we observed that a single dose of FL produced different hemodynamic changes, such as a transient elevation in heart rate (HR) after ingestion of 1-100mg/kg FL, but not with 1mg/kg EC. Furthermore, although MBP rose transiently after 1 and 10mg/kg FL, this effect was not observed with 100mg/kg or 1mg/kg EC. The increases in HR, MBP, and aortic phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) induced by 10mg/kg FL were prevented completely by pretreatment with the AR blocker, carvedilol. Combination treatment with 100mg/kg FL and an alpha1AR blocker, prazosin, significantly reduced MBP, whereas the elevation in HR was enhanced. In addition, after pretreatment with the beta2AR blocker, butoxamine, we observed no significant hemodynamic changes with or without 100mg/kg FL. Moreover, the combination of 100mg/kg FL and the alpha2AR blocker, yohimbine, markedly increased MBP, HR and aortic p-eNOS level. These results suggested that the postprandial hemodynamic changes after a single oral dose of FL were induced by an adrenergic effect. This adrenomimetic activity suggested the involvement of a hypotensive effect of FL. CI - Copyright (c) 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Saito, Akiko AU - Saito A AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. FAU - Inagawa, Kodai AU - Inagawa K AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. FAU - Ebe, Rikihiko AU - Ebe R AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. FAU - Fukase, Shinobu AU - Fukase S AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. FAU - Horikoshi, Yukari AU - Horikoshi Y AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. FAU - Shibata, Masahiro AU - Shibata M AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. FAU - Osakabe, Naomi AU - Osakabe N AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address: nao-osa@sic.shibaura-it.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160909 PL - United States TA - Free Radic Biol Med JT - Free radical biology & medicine JID - 8709159 RN - 0 (Adrenergic Antagonists) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Carbazoles) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Propanolamines) RN - 0 (Receptors, Adrenergic) RN - 0K47UL67F2 (Carvedilol) RN - 0NM31M53PW (Butoxamine) RN - 2Y49VWD90Q (Yohimbine) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos3 protein, rat) RN - XM03YJ541D (Prazosin) RN - YKH834O4BH (Epinephrine) SB - IM MH - Adrenergic Antagonists/pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - Butoxamine/pharmacology MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Carbazoles/pharmacology MH - Carvedilol MH - Catechin/isolation & purification/pharmacology MH - Epinephrine/blood MH - Flavonoids/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Gene Expression Regulation MH - Heart Rate/*drug effects/physiology MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics/metabolism MH - Phosphorylation/drug effects MH - Prazosin/pharmacology MH - Propanolamines/pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Receptors, Adrenergic/*genetics/metabolism MH - Yohimbine/pharmacology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adrenergic receptor OT - Flavan 3-ols OT - Hemodynamics OT - Hypotension OT - eNOS EDAT- 2016/10/23 06:00 MHDA- 2018/01/03 06:00 CRDT- 2016/09/13 06:00 PHST- 2016/04/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/09/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/09/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/10/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/01/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/09/13 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0891-5849(16)30422-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Oct;99:584-592. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.008. Epub 2016 Sep 9. PMID- 27655076 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190218 LR - 20190219 IS - 1875-533X (Electronic) IS - 0929-8673 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 37 DP - 2018 TI - Cocoa Polyphenols: Chemistry, Bioavailability and Effects on Cardiovascular Performance. PG - 4903-4917 LID - 10.2174/0929867323666160919094339 [doi] AB - This review gives an overview of the phenolic compounds composition of cocoa beans and their modification during manufacturing processes to the final products. Recently published papers dealing with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different classes of cocoa phenolic compounds will be discussed. Modifications of the qualitative profile and amount of phenolic compounds in cocoa after the main processes of production chain, fermentation, drying, roasting, and alkalization, will be described. The second part will focus on some of the biological effects described for cocoa phenolic compounds in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiovascular health and endothelial function have been extensively investigated over the last decades, with interesting results from nutritional intervention trials and molecular studies. A few recent updates on the role of cocoa and chocolate consumption on sport performances will be reported. CI - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net. FAU - Dugo, Laura AU - Dugo L AD - Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy. FAU - Tripodo, Giusy AU - Tripodo G AD - Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy. FAU - Santi, Luca AU - Santi L AD - Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universita della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. FAU - Fanali, Chiara AU - Fanali C AD - Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Curr Med Chem JT - Current medicinal chemistry JID - 9440157 RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Athletic Performance MH - Biological Availability MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology/prevention & control MH - Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/*drug effects MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism/physiology MH - Flavonols/pharmacology MH - Food Handling MH - Functional Food MH - Humans MH - Polyphenols/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Polyphenols OT - blood pressure OT - cardiovascular diseases OT - cocoa beans OT - flavanols OT - nitric oxide OT - processing. EDAT- 2016/09/23 06:00 MHDA- 2019/02/20 06:00 CRDT- 2016/09/23 06:00 PHST- 2016/06/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/07/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/07/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/09/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/02/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/09/23 06:00 [entrez] AID - CMC-EPUB-78388 [pii] AID - 10.2174/0929867323666160919094339 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(37):4903-4917. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666160919094339. PMID- 27649255 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160921 LR - 20220321 IS - 2227-9032 (Print) IS - 2227-9032 (Electronic) IS - 2227-9032 (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 3 DP - 2016 Sep 14 TI - Effect of Flavonoids on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Adults at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. LID - 10.3390/healthcare4030069 [doi] LID - 69 AB - Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory processes initiate the first stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flavonoid consumption has been related to significantly improved flow-mediated dilation and blood pressure. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are thought to be involved. The effect of flavonoids on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, in at risk individuals is yet to be reviewed. Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases. Randomised controlled trials in a Western country providing a food-based flavonoid intervention to participants with one or two modifiable risk factors for CVD measuring a marker of OS and/or inflammation, were included. Reference lists were hand-searched. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess study quality. The search strategy retrieved 1248 articles. Nineteen articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Eight studies were considered at low risk of bias. Cocoa flavonoids provided to Type 2 diabetics and olive oil flavonoids to mildly-hypertensive women reduced OS and inflammation. Other food sources had weaker effects. No consistent effect on OS and inflammation across patients with varied CVD risk factors was observed. Study heterogeneity posed a challenge for inter-study comparisons. Rigorously designed studies will assist in determining the effectiveness of flavonoid interventions for reducing OS and inflammation in patients at risk of CVD. FAU - Suen, Jenni AU - Suen J AD - Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia. jenni.suen@flinders.edu.au. FAU - Thomas, Jolene AU - Thomas J AD - Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia. jm.thomas@flinders.edu.au. FAU - Kranz, Amelia AU - Kranz A AD - Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia. amelia.kranz@flinders.edu.au. FAU - Vun, Simon AU - Vun S AD - Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia. drsvun@gmail.com. FAU - Miller, Michelle AU - Miller M AD - Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia. michelle.miller@flinders.edu.au. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20160914 PL - Switzerland TA - Healthcare (Basel) JT - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101666525 PMC - PMC5041070 OTO - NOTNLM OT - antioxidant OT - cocoa OT - dietary intervention OT - olive oil OT - polyphenol OT - prevention COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. No sources of funding were received to support this research. EDAT- 2016/09/21 06:00 MHDA- 2016/09/21 06:01 PMCR- 2016/09/14 CRDT- 2016/09/21 06:00 PHST- 2016/08/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/09/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/09/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/09/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/09/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/09/21 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2016/09/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - healthcare4030069 [pii] AID - healthcare-04-00069 [pii] AID - 10.3390/healthcare4030069 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Healthcare (Basel). 2016 Sep 14;4(3):69. doi: 10.3390/healthcare4030069. PMID- 27618982 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170222 LR - 20181113 IS - 1472-6882 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6882 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 1 DP - 2016 Sep 13 TI - Phenolics from Garcinia mangostana alleviate exaggerated vasoconstriction in metabolic syndrome through direct vasodilatation and nitric oxide generation. PG - 359 LID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1340-5 [doi] LID - 359 AB - BACKGROUND: Exaggerated vasoconstriction plays a very important role in the hypertension, a major component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In the current work, the potential protective effect of methanol extract of fruit hulls of Garcinia mangostana L. on the exaggerated vasoconstriction in MetS has been investigated. In addition, the bioactive fraction and compounds as well as the possible mechanism of action have been illustrated. METHODS: The effect of methanol extract of G. mangostana (GMT) fruit hulls on the vascular reactivity of aorta isolated from animals with MetS was investigated through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures. GMT was partitioned with chloroform (I) and the remaining mother liquor was fractionated on a Diaion HP-20 with H2O, 50 and 100 % methanol to give fractions II, III, and IV, respectively. The effect of total extract (GMT), bioactive fraction and the bioactive compounds on the vasoconstriction were examined in aortae isolated from animals with MetS by incubation for 30 min before exposing aortae to cumulative concentrations of phenylephrine (PE). The direct relaxant effect was also examined by adding cumulative concentrations of the bioactive fraction and its bioactive compounds to PE precontracted vessels. In addition, aortic nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was investigated. RESULTS: Bioassay-guided fractionation of GMT revealed isolation of garcimangosone D (1), aromadendrin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2,4,3'-trihydroxy benzophenone-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), maclurin-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (rhodanthenone) (4), epicatechin (5), and 2,3',4,5',6-pentahydroxy benzophenone (6). Only compounds 2, 4, and 5 significantly alleviated the exaggerated vasoconstriction of MetS aortae and in the same time showed significant vasodilation of PE pre-contracted aortae. To further illustrate the mechanism of action, the observed vasodilation was completely blocked by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride and inhibited by guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue. However, vasodilation was not affected by the potassium channel blocker, tetraethylammonium or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. In addition, compounds 2, 4, and 5 stimulated NO generation from isolated aortae to levels comparable with acetylcholine. Furthermore, 4 and 5 inhibited reactive oxygen species generation in MetS aortae. CONCLUSION: The phenolic compounds 2, 4, and 5 ameliorated the exaggerated vasoconstriction in MetS aortae through vasodilatation-NO generation mechanism. FAU - Abdallah, Hossam M AU - Abdallah HM AD - Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. AD - Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt. FAU - El-Bassossy, Hany M AU - El-Bassossy HM AD - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. AD - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. FAU - Mohamed, Gamal A AU - Mohamed GA AD - Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. gamals2001@yahoo.com. AD - Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt. gamals2001@yahoo.com. FAU - El-Halawany, Ali M AU - El-Halawany AM AD - Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. AD - Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt. FAU - Alshali, Khalid Z AU - Alshali KZ AD - Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Banjar, Zainy M AU - Banjar ZM AD - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160913 PL - England TA - BMC Complement Altern Med JT - BMC complementary and alternative medicine JID - 101088661 RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Protective Agents) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Aorta/drug effects MH - Garcinia mangostana/*chemistry MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Phenols/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Protective Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Vasoconstriction/*drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects PMC - PMC5020522 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Benzophenone OT - Flavonoids OT - Garcinia mangostana OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Relaxation EDAT- 2016/09/14 06:00 MHDA- 2017/02/23 06:00 PMCR- 2016/09/13 CRDT- 2016/09/14 06:00 PHST- 2016/05/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/09/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/09/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/09/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/02/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/09/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1340-5 [pii] AID - 1340 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1340-5 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Sep 13;16(1):359. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1340-5. PMID- 27588209 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20250530 IS - 2055-5822 (Print) IS - 2055-5822 (Electronic) IS - 2055-5822 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 2 DP - 2016 Jun TI - Cocoa flavanols reduce N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic heart failure. PG - 97-106 AB - AIMS: Poor prognosis in chronic heart failure (HF) is linked to endothelial dysfunction for which there is no specific treatment currently available. Previous studies have shown reproducible improvements in endothelial function with cocoa flavanols, but the clinical benefit of this effect in chronic HF has yet to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the potential therapeutic value of a high dose of cocoa flavanols in patients with chronic HF, by using reductions in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as an index of improved cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two patients with chronic HF, stable on guideline-directed medical therapy, were randomized to consume 50 g/day of high-flavanol dark chocolate (HFDC; 1064 mg of flavanols/day) or low-flavanol dark chocolate (LFDC; 88 mg of flavanols/day) for 4 weeks and then crossed over to consume the alternative dark chocolate for a further 4 weeks. Twenty-four patients completed the study. After 4 weeks of HFDC, NT-proBNP (mean decrease % +/- standard deviation) was significantly reduced compared with baseline (-44 +/- 69%), LFDC (-33 +/- 72%), and follow-up (-41 +/- 77%) values. HFDC also reduced diastolic blood pressure compared with values after LFDC (-6.7 +/- 10.1 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in blood pressure and NT-proBNP after HFDC indicate decreased vascular resistance resulting in reduced left ventricular afterload. These effects warrant further investigation in patients with chronic HF. FAU - De Palma, Rodney AU - De Palma R AD - Department of Cardiology, The London Chest Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust Bonner Road London E2 9JX UK. FAU - Sotto, Imelda AU - Sotto I AD - Department of Cardiology, The London Chest Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust Bonner Road London E2 9JX UK. FAU - Wood, Elizabeth G AU - Wood EG AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK. FAU - Khan, Noorafza Q AU - Khan NQ AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK. FAU - Butler, Jane AU - Butler J AD - Department of Cardiology, The London Chest Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust Bonner Road London E2 9JX UK. FAU - Johnston, Atholl AU - Johnston A AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK. FAU - Rothman, Martin T AU - Rothman MT AD - Department of Cardiology, The London Chest Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust Bonner Road London E2 9JX UK. FAU - Corder, Roger AU - Corder R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1712-6841 AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK. LA - eng GR - G0801509/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article DEP - 20151208 PL - England TA - ESC Heart Fail JT - ESC heart failure JID - 101669191 PMC - PMC4985700 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Endothelial dysfunction OT - Flavanol OT - Heart failure OT - Procyanidin EDAT- 2016/09/03 06:00 MHDA- 2016/09/03 06:01 PMCR- 2015/12/08 CRDT- 2016/09/03 06:00 PHST- 2014/12/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/06/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/10/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/09/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/09/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/09/03 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2015/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - EHF212077 [pii] AID - 10.1002/ehf2.12077 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - ESC Heart Fail. 2016 Jun;3(2):97-106. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12077. Epub 2015 Dec 8. PMID- 27552564 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171012 LR - 20190327 IS - 1874-1754 (Electronic) IS - 0167-5273 (Linking) VI - 223 DP - 2016 Nov 15 TI - A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the effects of (-)-epicatechin on the triglyceride/HDLc ratio and cardiometabolic profile of subjects with hypertriglyceridemia: Unique in vitro effects. PG - 500-506 LID - S0167-5273(16)31864-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.158 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic disruptions such as insulin resistance, obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemias, are known to increase the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Several screening tools for assessing cardiometabolic risk have been developed including the TG/HDLc ratio, which has been, demonstrated to possess a strong association with insulin resistance and coronary disease. Dietary modifications, together with regular moderate exercise have proven to be effective in attenuating cardiometabolic disruptions. However, they often exhibit poor long-term patient compliance. Nutraceutics, including (-)-epicatechin (EPI), have gained increasing interest as coadjuvant effective and safe therapies that are able to attenuate hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. METHODS: The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the in vitro effect of EPI vs. (+)-catechin on fructose induced triglyceride accumulation and mitochondrial function in Hep2 cells in culture, 2) to evaluate the efficacy of EPI treatment in reducing fasting blood triglycerides and improving the TG/HDLc ratio in hypertriglyceridemic patients with a total daily dose of 100mg of EPI. Secondary clinical variables included total cholesterol, LDLc, fructosamine, glucose, insulin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein blood levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our results provide preliminary evidence as to favorable effects of EPI on glycemia homeostasis, lipid profile and systemic inflammation such bioactive actions are not class-effects (i.e. limited to their antioxidant potential) but instead, may result from the specific activation of associated downstream signaling pathways since catechin has no effects. CI - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Gutierrez-Salmean, Gabriela AU - Gutierrez-Salmean G AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Meaney, Eduardo AU - Meaney E AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Lanaspa, Miguel A AU - Lanaspa MA AD - University of Colorado at Denver, United States. FAU - Cicerchi, Christina AU - Cicerchi C AD - University of Colorado at Denver, United States. FAU - Johnson, Richard J AU - Johnson RJ AD - University of Colorado at Denver, United States. FAU - Dugar, Sundeep AU - Dugar S AD - Cardero Therapeutics, Inc., United States. FAU - Taub, Pam AU - Taub P AD - Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States. FAU - Ramirez-Sanchez, Israel AU - Ramirez-Sanchez I AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States. FAU - Villarreal, Francisco AU - Villarreal F AD - Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States. FAU - Schreiner, George AU - Schreiner G AD - Cardero Therapeutics, Inc., United States. FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G AD - Laboratorio de Investigacion Integral Cardiometabolica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Electronic address: gceballosr@ipn.mx. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20160808 PL - Netherlands TA - Int J Cardiol JT - International journal of cardiology JID - 8200291 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/drug therapy/*etiology MH - Catechin/*therapeutic use MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Cholesterol, HDL/*blood MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertriglyceridemia/blood/*drug therapy/etiology MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/blood/drug therapy/*etiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Risk Factors MH - Triglycerides/*blood MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiometabolic risk OT - Epicatechin OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Nutraceutics OT - Plasma triglycerides OT - Triglyceride-HDL ratio EDAT- 2016/08/24 06:00 MHDA- 2017/10/13 06:00 CRDT- 2016/08/24 06:00 PHST- 2016/05/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/08/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/08/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/10/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/08/24 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0167-5273(16)31864-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.158 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Cardiol. 2016 Nov 15;223:500-506. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.158. Epub 2016 Aug 8. PMID- 27363823 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170424 LR - 20210416 IS - 1099-1573 (Electronic) IS - 0951-418X (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 10 DP - 2016 Oct TI - The Impact of Cocoa Flavanols on Cardiovascular Health. PG - 1641-1657 LID - 10.1002/ptr.5665 [doi] AB - The aim of the study was to review the effect of cocoa flavanols on cardiovascular health, with emphasis on the doses ingested, and to analyze a range of cocoa products for content of these compounds. PubMed was searched from 2010 to locate systematic reviews (SR) on clinical effects of chocolate consumption. Thirteen SRs were identified and reviewed, and provided strong evidence that dark chocolate did not reduce blood pressure. The evidence was however strong for an association with increased flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and moderate for an improvement in blood glucose and lipid metabolism. Our analysis showed that cocoa products with around 100 mg epicatechin can reliably increase FMD, and that cocoa flavanol doses of around 900 mg or above may decrease blood pressure in specific individuals and/or if consumed over longer periods. Out of 32 cocoa product samples analyzed, the two food supplements delivered 900 mg of total flavanols and 100 mg epicatechin in doses of 7 g and 20 g and 3 and 8 g, respectively. To achieve these doses with chocolate, around 100 to 500 g (for 900 mg flavanols) and 50 to 200 g (for 100 mg epicatechin) would need to be consumed. Chocolate products marketed for their purported health benefits should therefore declare the amounts of total flavanols and epicatechin. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CI - Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. FAU - Vlachojannis, Julia AU - Vlachojannis J AD - Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. FAU - Erne, Paul AU - Erne P AD - Labor Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4041, Basel, Switzerland. FAU - Zimmermann, Benno AU - Zimmermann B AD - Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Romerstr. 164, 53117, Bonn, Germany. AD - Institut Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Stockheimer Weg 1, 50829, Koln, Germany. FAU - Chrubasik-Hausmann, Sigrun AU - Chrubasik-Hausmann S AD - Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. sigrun.chrubasik@klinikum.uni-freiburg.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160701 PL - England TA - Phytother Res JT - Phytotherapy research : PTR JID - 8904486 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM CIN - Phytother Res. 2017 Jan;31(1):165-166. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5729. PMID: 27723148 MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*drug therapy MH - Chocolate/*analysis MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Humans OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood glucose OT - blood lipids OT - blood pressure OT - chocolate OT - cocoa OT - flavanols OT - flow-mediated vasodilatation EDAT- 2016/07/02 06:00 MHDA- 2017/04/25 06:00 CRDT- 2016/07/02 06:00 PHST- 2016/03/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/05/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/05/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/07/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/04/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/07/02 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/ptr.5665 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytother Res. 2016 Oct;30(10):1641-1657. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5665. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PMID- 27329037 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171106 LR - 20180323 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 11 DP - 2016 Nov TI - Does epicatechin contribute to the acute vascular function effects of dark chocolate? A randomized, crossover study. PG - 2379-2386 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.201600045 [doi] AB - SCOPE: Cocoa, rich in flavan-3-ols, improves vascular function, but the contribution of specific flavan-3-ols is unknown. We compared the effects of pure epicatechin, a major cocoa flavan-3-ol, and chocolate. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a randomized crossover study, twenty healthy men (40-80 years) were supplemented with: (1) 70g dark chocolate (150 mg epicatechin) with placebo capsules; (2) pure epicatechin capsules (2 x 50 mg epicatechin) with 75g white chocolate; and (3) placebo capsules with 75 g white chocolate (0 mg epicatechin). Vascular function (flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and augmentation index (AIx)) were measured before and 2 hours after interventions. Epicatechin metabolites time-profiles were measured in blood to calculate the bioavailability. Pure epicatechin did not significantly improve FMD (+0.75%; p = 0.10) or AIx (-2.2%; p = 0.23) compared to placebo. Dark chocolate significantly improved FMD (+0.96%; p = 0.04) and AIx (-4.6%; p = 0.02). Differences in improvements in FMD (+ 0.21%; p = 0.65) or Aix (-2.4%; p = 0.20) between pure epicatechin and dark chocolate were not significant. The bioavailability of epicatechin did not differ between pure epicatechin and dark chocolate (p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences in epicatechin dose, improvements in vascular function after pure epicatechin and chocolate were similar and the bioavailability did not differ, suggesting a role for epicatechin. CI - (c) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Dower, James I AU - Dower JI AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Geleijnse, Johanna M AU - Geleijnse JM AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Kroon, Paul A AU - Kroon PA AD - Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. FAU - Philo, Mark AU - Philo M AD - Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. FAU - Mensink, Marco AU - Mensink M AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Kromhout, Daan AU - Kromhout D AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Hollman, Peter C H AU - Hollman PC AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. LA - eng GR - BB/J004545/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160726 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Catechin/analysis/*pharmacology MH - *Chocolate MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - Epicatechin OT - Flavan-3-ol OT - Randomized controlled trial OT - Vascular function EDAT- 2016/06/23 06:00 MHDA- 2017/11/07 06:00 CRDT- 2016/06/23 06:00 PHST- 2016/01/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/06/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/06/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/06/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/11/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/06/23 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.201600045 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Nov;60(11):2379-2386. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600045. Epub 2016 Jul 26. PMID- 27281548 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170330 LR - 20201209 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 25 DP - 2016 Jun 29 TI - Ex Vivo Treatment with a Polyphenol-Enriched Cocoa Extract Ameliorates Myocardial Infarct and Postischemic Mitochondrial Injury in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. PG - 5180-7 LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01669 [doi] AB - Our objective was to determine the effects of a polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract (PCE) on myocardial postischemic alterations in normotensive (Wistar rats, W) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Isolated hearts were submitted to 110 min of perfusion or 20 min stabilization, 30 min global ischemia, and 60 min reperfusion (R). Other hearts were treated with PCE at the onset of R. Infarct size, the reduced glutathione (GSH), and the expression of phospho-Akt, P-GSK-3beta, and P-eNOS were assessed. In isolated mitochondria, the Ca(2+)-mediated response of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), membrane potential (Deltapsim), and superoxide production were determined. PCE decreased infarct size, partly preserved GSH, increased the P-Akt, P-GSK-3beta, and P-eNOS contents, improved mPTP response to Ca(2+), decreased the superoxide production, and restored Deltapsim. These data show that PCE decreases the cardiac postischemic damage in W rats and SHR and suggest that Akt/GSK-3beta/eNOS dependent pathways are involved. FAU - Gonzalez Arbelaez, Luisa F AU - Gonzalez Arbelaez LF AD - Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. FAU - Ciocci Pardo, Alejandro AU - Ciocci Pardo A AD - Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. FAU - Fantinelli, Juliana C AU - Fantinelli JC AD - Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. FAU - Caldiz, Claudia AU - Caldiz C AD - Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. FAU - Rios, Jose Luis AU - Rios JL AD - Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain. FAU - Schinella, Guillermo R AU - Schinella GR AD - Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC , 1900 La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Mosca, Susana M AU - Mosca SM AD - Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160615 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Cardiotonic Agents) RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins) RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - EC 2.7.11.26 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3) RN - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cardiotonic Agents/*administration & dosage MH - Coca/*chemistry MH - Glutathione/metabolism MH - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism MH - Heart/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Ischemia/*complications MH - Male MH - Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism MH - Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects/metabolism MH - Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore MH - Myocardial Infarction/*complications MH - Myocardium/metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Superoxides/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - SHR OT - Wistar OT - infarct size OT - mitochondria OT - polyphenols EDAT- 2016/06/10 06:00 MHDA- 2017/03/31 06:00 CRDT- 2016/06/10 06:00 PHST- 2016/06/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/06/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/03/31 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01669 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Jun 29;64(25):5180-7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01669. Epub 2016 Jun 15. PMID- 27211316 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160523 LR - 20200930 IS - 1654-661X (Print) IS - 1654-661X (Electronic) IS - 1654-661X (Linking) VI - 60 DP - 2016 TI - Long-term antihypertensive effect of a soluble cocoa fiber product in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PG - 29418 LID - 10.3402/fnr.v60.29418 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND METHODS: This study evaluates the antihypertensive effect of long-term intake of a soluble cocoa fiber product (SCFP). Different doses of SCFP were evaluated (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day) and a dose of 800 mg/kg/day of beta-glucan 0.75 (BETA-G) was used as a standard fiber. Water, a neutral vehicle, was used as negative control, and 50 mg/kg/day captopril was used as positive control. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly by the tail cuff method. Body weight, food, and liquid intake were also registered weekly in the rats from 10 to 24 weeks of life. Glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; redox status; and the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity were also studied in the plasma samples of these animals. RESULTS: Throughout the 10 weeks of treatment, captopril and SCFP (400 mg/kg/day) demonstrated blood pressure lowering effects in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (p<0.05; n=8). Paradoxically, neither the highest dose (800 mg/kg/day) of SCFP decreased SBP nor 800 mg/kg/day BETA-G (p>0.05; n=8). When the corresponding antihypertensive treatment, was disrupted the SBP values of the 400 mg/kg/day SCFP treated animals returned to control values (p>0.05; n=8). In addition, the SCFP significantly decreased (p<0.05; n=4) the glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and also the liver and plasma malondaldehyde levels. Moreover, the SCFP slightly increased the reduced glutathione levels in the liver. CONCLUSION: The SCFP could be used to control the blood pressure of hypertensive subjects for a long period of time and could improve metabolic complications associated to cardiovascular diseases. FAU - Fernandez-Vallinas, Sandra AU - Fernandez-Vallinas S AD - Dpto. Farmacologia, Fac. Medicina, U. Complutense, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Miguel, Marta AU - Miguel M AD - Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Alimentacion (CSIC-UAM, CEI+UAM), Madrid, Spain; marta.miguel@csic.es. FAU - Aleixandre, Amaya AU - Aleixandre A AD - Dpto. Farmacologia, Fac. Medicina, U. Complutense, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160520 PL - Sweden TA - Food Nutr Res JT - Food & nutrition research JID - 101488795 PMC - PMC4876197 OTO - NOTNLM OT - angiotensin-converting enzyme OT - antioxidant properties OT - blood pressure OT - fiber OT - spontaneously hypertensive rats EDAT- 2016/05/24 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/24 06:01 PMCR- 2016/05/20 CRDT- 2016/05/24 06:00 PHST- 2015/08/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/11/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/02/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/05/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/24 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2016/05/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 29418 [pii] AID - 10.3402/fnr.v60.29418 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Nutr Res. 2016 May 20;60:29418. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29418. eCollection 2016. PMID- 27164919 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170717 LR - 20250529 IS - 1468-201X (Electronic) IS - 1355-6037 (Linking) VI - 102 IP - 17 DP - 2016 Sep 1 TI - Beneficial effect of a polyphenol-rich diet on cardiovascular risk: a randomised control trial. PG - 1371-9 LID - 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309218 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: There is previous epidemiological evidence that intake of polyphenol-rich foods has been associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. We aimed to investigate the effect of increasing dietary polyphenol intake on microvascular function in hypertensive participants. METHODS: All participants completed a 4-week run-in phase, consuming <2 portions of fruit and vegetables (F&V) daily and avoiding berries and dark chocolate. Subjects were then randomised to continue with the low-polyphenol diet for 8 weeks or to consume a high-polyphenol diet of six portions F&V (including one portion of berries/day and 50 g of dark chocolate). Endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilator responses were assessed by venous occlusion plethysmography. Compliance with the intervention was measured using food diaries and biochemical markers. RESULTS: Final analysis of the primary endpoint was conducted on 92 participants. Between-group comparison of change in maximum % response to ACh revealed a significant improvement in the high-polyphenol group (p=0.02). There was a significantly larger increase in vitamin C, carotenoids and epicatechin in the high-polyphenol group (between-group difference p<0.001; p<0.001; p=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that increasing the polyphenol content of the diet via consumption of F&V, berries and dark chocolate results in a significant improvement in an established marker of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01319786. CI - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ FAU - Noad, Rebecca L AU - Noad RL AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK Cardiology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK. FAU - Rooney, Ciara AU - Rooney C AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. FAU - McCall, Damian AU - McCall D AD - Cardiology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK. FAU - Young, Ian S AU - Young IS AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK Cardiology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK. FAU - McCance, David AU - McCance D AD - Cardiology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK. FAU - McKinley, Michelle C AU - McKinley MC AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. FAU - Woodside, Jayne V AU - Woodside JV AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. FAU - McKeown, Pascal P AU - McKeown PP AD - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK Cardiology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01319786 GR - G0901530/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom GR - G0901793/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom GR - MR/J000388/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20160510 PL - England TA - Heart JT - Heart (British Cardiac Society) JID - 9602087 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM CIN - Heart. 2016 Sep 1;102(17):1340-1. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309647. PMID: 27325587 MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - *Chocolate MH - *Diet, Healthy MH - *Diet, Mediterranean MH - Female MH - *Fruit MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/blood/diagnosis/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Male MH - *Microcirculation MH - Microvessels/*physiopathology MH - Middle Aged MH - Northern Ireland MH - Patient Compliance MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage/blood MH - Recommended Dietary Allowances MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - *Vasodilation MH - *Vegetables EDAT- 2016/05/12 06:00 MHDA- 2017/07/18 06:00 CRDT- 2016/05/12 06:00 PHST- 2015/12/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/04/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/05/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/07/18 06:00 [medline] AID - heartjnl-2015-309218 [pii] AID - 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309218 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Heart. 2016 Sep 1;102(17):1371-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309218. Epub 2016 May 10. PMID- 27163823 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180124 LR - 20220310 IS - 1875-8908 (Electronic) IS - 1387-2877 (Linking) VI - 53 IP - 1 DP - 2016 May 6 TI - Chocolate Consumption is Associated with a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline. PG - 85-93 LID - 10.3233/JAD-160142 [doi] AB - Cocoa-related products like chocolate have taken an important place in our food habits and culture. In this work, we aim to examine the relationship between chocolate consumption and cognitive decline in an elderly cognitively healthy population. In the present longitudinal prospective study, a cohort of 531 participants aged 65 and over with normal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; median 28) was selected. The median follow-up was 48 months. Dietary habits were evaluated at baseline. The MMSE was used to assess global cognitive function at baseline and at follow-up. Cognitive decline was defined by a decrease >/= 2 points in the MMSE score between evaluations. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) estimates were adjusted for age, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes. Chocolate intake was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.92). This protective effect was observed only among subjects with an average daily consumption of caffeine lower than 75 mg (69% of the participants; RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.31-0.82). To our knowledge, this is the first prospective cohort study to show an inverse association between regular long-term chocolate consumption and cognitive decline in humans. FAU - Moreira, Afonso AU - Moreira A AD - Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Portugal. FAU - Diogenes, Maria Jose AU - Diogenes MJ AD - Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Portugal. FAU - de Mendonca, Alexandre AU - de Mendonca A AD - Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Portugal. AD - Department of Neurology, Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. FAU - Lunet, Nuno AU - Lunet N AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health of Porto Medical School, University of Porto, Portugal. AD - EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Portugal. FAU - Barros, Henrique AU - Barros H AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health of Porto Medical School, University of Porto, Portugal. AD - EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Portugal. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Alzheimers Dis JT - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD JID - 9814863 RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Body Mass Index MH - Caffeine/administration & dosage MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage MH - Chi-Square Distribution MH - *Chocolate MH - Cognition Disorders/*epidemiology/metabolism MH - Cohort Studies MH - *Feeding Behavior/psychology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mental Status Schedule MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - Risk Factors MH - Surveys and Questionnaires OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adenosine A2A receptors OT - Alzheimer's disease OT - chocolate OT - cognition OT - prevention OT - theobromine EDAT- 2016/05/11 06:00 MHDA- 2018/01/25 06:00 CRDT- 2016/05/11 06:00 PHST- 2016/05/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/01/25 06:00 [medline] AID - JAD160142 [pii] AID - 10.3233/JAD-160142 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 May 6;53(1):85-93. doi: 10.3233/JAD-160142. PMID- 27109860 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180216 LR - 20180216 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 5 DP - 2016 May 18 TI - Acute effects of chlorogenic acids on endothelial function and blood pressure in healthy men and women. PG - 2197-203 LID - 10.1039/c6fo00248j [doi] AB - Coffee is a rich source of polyphenols, primarily chlorogenic acids (CGA). Certain polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods and beverages have been shown to improve endothelial function and lower blood pressure (BP). The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of two doses of CGA (5-CGA) on endothelial function and BP. In a cross-over study, 16 healthy men and women received: (i) 0 mg purified 5-CGA (control group); (ii) 450 mg purified 5-CGA; (iii) 900 mg purified 5-CGA; and (iv) 200 mg purified (-)-epicatechin (positive control) in random order one week apart. Peak and continuous mean (60 to 240 s post ischaemia) flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured at baseline, 1 h and 4 h. BP was measured at baseline and every 30 min to 4 h. Plasma CGA and epicatechin levels were significantly increased at both 1 h and 4 h post their respective treatments. Peak FMD was not significantly altered by either dose of 5-CGA or the epicatechin, relative to control (p > 0.05). Relative to control, effects on continuous mean FMD response following 450 mg 5-CGA and 900 mg of 5-CGA (0.47 +/- 0.16%, p = 0.016 and 0.65 +/- 0.16%, p < 0.001, respectively) at 1 h and (0.18 +/- 0.17%, p = 0.99 and 0.44 +/- 0.16%, p < 0.05, respectively) at 4 h. There was no significant effect of any of the treatments on BP. In conclusion, the present study has found no significant effect of 5-CGA, at 450 and 900 mg, on peak FMD response. However, there were significant improvements in mean post-ischaemic FMD response, particularly at the 1 h time point in this group of healthy individuals. FAU - Ward, Natalie C AU - Ward NC AD - School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. kevin.croft@uwa.edu.au. FAU - Hodgson, Jonathan M AU - Hodgson JM FAU - Woodman, Richard J AU - Woodman RJ FAU - Zimmermann, Diane AU - Zimmermann D FAU - Poquet, Laure AU - Poquet L FAU - Leveques, Antoine AU - Leveques A FAU - Actis-Goretta, Lucas AU - Actis-Goretta L FAU - Puddey, Ian B AU - Puddey IB FAU - Croft, Kevin D AU - Croft KD LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20160425 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Coffee) RN - 0 (Nitrites) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 318ADP12RI (Chlorogenic Acid) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - Blood Pressure Determination MH - Catechin/analysis MH - Chlorogenic Acid/*administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacology MH - Coffee/chemistry MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dilatation MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiology MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Hypotension MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitrites/blood MH - Polyphenols/blood/pharmacology MH - Time Factors MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2016/04/26 06:00 MHDA- 2018/02/17 06:00 CRDT- 2016/04/26 06:00 PHST- 2016/04/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/04/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/02/17 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1039/c6fo00248j [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2016 May 18;7(5):2197-203. doi: 10.1039/c6fo00248j. Epub 2016 Apr 25. PMID- 27104032 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160422 LR - 20201001 IS - 2146-8397 (Print) IS - 2146-8397 (Electronic) IS - 2146-8397 (Linking) VI - 5 IP - 2 DP - 2016 Mar-Apr TI - Guava leaves polyphenolics-rich extract inhibits vital enzymes implicated in gout and hypertension in vitro. PG - 122-30 LID - 10.5455/jice.20160321115402 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND/AIM: Elevated uric acid level, an index of gout resulting from the over-activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), increases the risk of developing hypertension. However, research has shown that plant-derived inhibitors of XO and angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE), two enzymes implicated in gout and hypertension, respectively, can prevent or ameliorate both diseases, without noticeable side effects. Hence, this study characterized the polyphenolics composition of guava leaves extract and evaluated its inhibitory effect on XO and ACE in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The polyphenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids) were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD). The XO, ACE, and Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities, and free radicals (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl [DPPH]* and 2,2 -azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic [ABTS]*(+)) scavenging activities of the extract were determined using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS: Flavonoids were present in the extract in the order of quercetin > kaempferol > catechin > quercitrin > rutin > luteolin > epicatechin; while phenolic acids were in the order of caffeic acid > chlorogenic acid > gallic acids. The extract effectively inhibited XO, ACE and Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner; having half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 38.24 +/- 2.32 mug/mL, 21.06 +/- 2.04 mug/mL and 27.52 +/- 1.72 mug/mL against XO, ACE and Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation, respectively. The extract also strongly scavenged DPPH* and ABTS*(+). CONCLUSION: Guava leaves extract could serve as functional food for managing gout and hypertension and attenuating the oxidative stress associated with both diseases. FAU - Irondi, Emmanuel Anyachukwu AU - Irondi EA AD - Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B., 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria. FAU - Agboola, Samson Olalekan AU - Agboola SO AD - Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. FAU - Oboh, Ganiyu AU - Oboh G AD - Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria P.M.B., 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria. FAU - Boligon, Aline Augusti AU - Boligon AA AD - Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Building 26, room 1115, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil. FAU - Athayde, Margareth Linde AU - Athayde ML AD - Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Building 26, room 1115, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil. FAU - Shode, Francis O AU - Shode FO AD - Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160324 PL - United States TA - J Intercult Ethnopharmacol JT - Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology JID - 101653911 PMC - PMC4835986 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Angiotensin I-converting enzyme OT - Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation OT - oxidative stress OT - xanthine oxidase COIS- Conflict of Interest: None declared. EDAT- 2016/04/23 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/23 06:01 PMCR- 2016/03/24 CRDT- 2016/04/23 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/03/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/04/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/04/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/23 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2016/03/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - JIE-5-122 [pii] AID - 10.5455/jice.20160321115402 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Mar 24;5(2):122-30. doi: 10.5455/jice.20160321115402. eCollection 2016 Mar-Apr. PMID- 27088635 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170825 LR - 20181202 IS - 1473-5598 (Electronic) IS - 0263-6352 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 7 DP - 2016 Jul TI - Flavanol-rich chocolate acutely improves arterial function and working memory performance counteracting the effects of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals. PG - 1298-308 LID - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000926 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cocoa flavonoids exert cardiovascular benefits and neuroprotection. Whether chocolate consumption may mitigate detrimental effects of sleep loss on cognitive performance and cardiovascular parameters has never been studied. AIM: We investigated the effects of flavanol-rich chocolate consumption on cognitive skills and cardiovascular parameters after sleep deprivation. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy participants underwent two baseline sessions after one night of undisturbed sleep and two experimental sessions after one night of total sleep deprivation. Two hours before each testing session, participants were randomly assigned to consume high or poor flavanol chocolate bars. During the tests were evaluated, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task and a working memory task, office SBP and DBP, flow-mediated dilation and pulse-wave velocity. RESULTS: Sleep deprivation increased SBP/DBP. SBP/DBP and pulse pressure were lower after flavanol-rich treatment respect to flavanol-poor treatment (SBP: 116.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 120.8 +/- 1.9 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.00005; DBP: 70.5 +/- 1.2 vs. 72.3 +/- 1.2 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.01; pulse pressure: 46.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 48.4 +/- 1.5 mmHg, P = 0.004). Sleep deprivation impaired flow-mediated dilation (5.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.6%, P = 0.02), flavanol-rich, but not flavanol-poor chocolate counteracted this alteration (flavanol-rich/flavanol-poor chocolate: 7.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.0 +/- 0.4%, P = 0.000001). Flavanol-rich chocolate mitigated the pulse-wave velocity increase (P = 0.001). Flavanol-rich chocolate preserved working memory accuracy in women after sleep deprivation. Flow-mediated dilation correlated with working memory performance accuracy in the sleep condition (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Flavanol-rich chocolate counteracted vascular impairment after sleep deprivation and restored working memory performance. Improvement in cognitive performance could be because of the effects of cocoa flavonoids on blood pressure and peripheral and central blood flow. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - aDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila bDepartment of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome cDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy *Davide Grassi and Valentina Socci contributed equally to the writing of this article. FAU - Socci, Valentina AU - Socci V FAU - Tempesta, Daniela AU - Tempesta D FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C FAU - De Gennaro, Luigi AU - De Gennaro L FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Ferrara, Michele AU - Ferrara M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - J Hypertens JT - Journal of hypertension JID - 8306882 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM CIN - J Hypertens. 2016 Jul;34(7):1252-3. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000959. PMID: 27254143 MH - Adult MH - Arteries/physiopathology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - *Chocolate MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/analysis/*pharmacology MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Memory, Short-Term/*drug effects MH - Psychomotor Performance/drug effects MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Sleep Deprivation/*physiopathology MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2016/04/19 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/26 06:00 CRDT- 2016/04/19 06:00 PHST- 2016/04/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/04/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/26 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000926 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Hypertens. 2016 Jul;34(7):1298-308. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000926. PMID- 27079631 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171002 LR - 20250626 IS - 1467-789X (Electronic) IS - 1467-7881 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 7 DP - 2016 Jul TI - Effects of dietary polyphenols on metabolic syndrome features in humans: a systematic review. PG - 573-86 LID - 10.1111/obr.12409 [doi] AB - Dietary polyphenols constitute a large family of bioactive substances potential beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This review summarizes the results of clinical studies on patients with MetS involving the chronic supplementation of a polyphenol-rich diet, foods, extracts or with single phenolics on the features of MetS (obesity, dyslipidemia, blood pressure and glycaemia) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). Polyphenols were shown to be efficient, especially at higher doses, and there were no specific foods or extracts able to alleviate all the features of MetS. Green tea, however, significantly reduced body mass index and waist circumference and improved lipid metabolism. Cocoa supplementation reduced blood pressure and blood glucose. Soy isoflavones, citrus products, hesperidin and quercetin improved lipid metabolism, whereas cinnamon reduced blood glucose. In numerous clinical studies, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects were not significant after polyphenol supplementation in patients with MetS. However, some trials pointed towards an improvement of endothelial function in patients supplemented with cocoa, anthocyanin-rich berries, hesperidin or resveratrol. Therefore, diets rich in polyphenols, such as the Mediterranean diet, which promote the consumption of diverse polyphenol-rich products could be an effective nutritional strategy to improve the health of patients with MetS. (c) 2016 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity. CI - (c) 2016 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity. FAU - Amiot, M J AU - Amiot MJ AD - Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 'Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis', Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France. AD - Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris, France. AD - Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France. FAU - Riva, C AU - Riva C AD - LaPEC, EA4278, Universite d'Avignon, Avignon, France. FAU - Vinet, A AU - Vinet A AD - LaPEC, EA4278, Universite d'Avignon, Avignon, France. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20160415 PL - England TA - Obes Rev JT - Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity JID - 100897395 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/*administration & dosage MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Diet MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*drug therapy MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - dyslipidemia OT - insulin resistance OT - weight management EDAT- 2016/04/16 06:00 MHDA- 2017/10/03 06:00 CRDT- 2016/04/16 06:00 PHST- 2015/10/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/02/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/02/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/04/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/04/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/10/03 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1111/obr.12409 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Obes Rev. 2016 Jul;17(7):573-86. doi: 10.1111/obr.12409. Epub 2016 Apr 15. PMID- 27037002 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160402 LR - 20200930 IS - 1654-661X (Print) IS - 1654-661X (Electronic) IS - 1654-661X (Linking) VI - 60 DP - 2016 TI - Cocoa extract intake for 4 weeks reduces postprandial systolic blood pressure response of obese subjects, even after following an energy-restricted diet. PG - 30449 LID - 10.3402/fnr.v60.30449 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic profile is usually altered in obesity. Interestingly, the consumption of flavanol-rich foods might be protective against those metabolic alterations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postprandial cardiometabolic effects after the acute consumption of cocoa extract before and after 4 weeks of its daily intake. Furthermore, the bioavailability of cocoa extract was investigated. DESIGN: Twenty-four overweight/obese middle-aged subjects participated in a 4-week intervention study. Half of the volunteers consumed a test meal enriched with 1.4 g of cocoa extract (415 mg flavanols), while the rest of the volunteers consumed the same meal without the cocoa extract (control group). Glucose and lipid profile, as well as blood pressure and cocoa metabolites in plasma, were assessed before and at 60, 120, and 180 min post-consumption, at the beginning of the study (Postprandial 1) and after following a 4-week 15% energy-restricted diet including meals containing or not containing the cocoa extract (Postprandial 2). RESULTS: In the Postprandial 1 test, the area under the curve (AUC) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in the cocoa group compared with the control group (p=0.007), showing significant differences after 120 min of intake. However, no differences between groups were observed at Postprandial 2. Interestingly, the reduction of postprandial AUC of SBP (AUC_Postprandial 2-AUC_Postprandial 1) was higher in the cocoa group (p=0.016). Furthermore, cocoa-derived metabolites were detected in plasma of the cocoa group, while the absence or significantly lower amounts of metabolites were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The daily consumption of cocoa extract within an energy-restricted diet for 4 weeks resulted in a greater reduction of postprandial AUC of SBP compared with the effect of energy-restricted diet alone and independently of body weight loss. These results suggest the role of cocoa flavanols on postprandial blood pressure homeostasis. FAU - Ibero-Baraibar, Idoia AU - Ibero-Baraibar I AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. AD - Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Suarez, Manuel AU - Suarez M AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain. AD - Centre Tecnologic de Nutricio i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain. FAU - Arola-Arnal, Anna AU - Arola-Arnal A AD - Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain. AD - Centre Tecnologic de Nutricio i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain. FAU - Zulet, M Angeles AU - Zulet MA AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. AD - Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. AD - Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. AD - Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Martinez, J Alfredo AU - Martinez JA AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. AD - Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. AD - Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. AD - Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; jalfmtz@unav.es. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160331 PL - Sweden TA - Food Nutr Res JT - Food & nutrition research JID - 101488795 PMC - PMC4818356 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bioavailability OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa OT - diet OT - polyphenols OT - weight loss EDAT- 2016/04/03 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/03 06:01 PMCR- 2016/03/31 CRDT- 2016/04/03 06:00 PHST- 2015/11/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/01/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/01/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/04/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/04/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/03 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2016/03/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 30449 [pii] AID - 10.3402/fnr.v60.30449 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Food Nutr Res. 2016 Mar 31;60:30449. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30449. eCollection 2016. PMID- 26974893 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171030 LR - 20191210 IS - 1533-4023 (Electronic) IS - 0160-2446 (Linking) VI - 68 IP - 1 DP - 2016 Jul TI - Potential of Food and Natural Products to Promote Endothelial and Vascular Health. PG - 11-8 LID - 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000382 [doi] AB - Endothelial dysfunction is now well established as a pivotal early event in the development of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. The alteration of the endothelial function is often triggered by an imbalance between the endothelial formation of vasoprotective factors including nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization, and an increased level of oxidative stress involving several prooxidant enzymes such as NADPH oxidase and, often also, the appearance of cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstrictors. Preclinical studies have indicated that polyphenol-rich food and food-derived products such as grape-derived products, black and red berries, green and black teas and cocoa, and omega-3 fatty acids can trigger activating pathways in endothelial cells promoting an increased formation of nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Moreover, intake of such food-derived products has been associated with the prevention and/or the improvement of an established endothelial dysfunction in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases and in humans with cardiovascular diseases. This review will discuss both experimental and clinical evidences indicating that different types of food and natural products are able to promote endothelial and vascular health, as well as the underlying mechanisms. FAU - Auger, Cyril AU - Auger C AD - UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. FAU - Said, Amissi AU - Said A FAU - Nguyen, Phuong Nga AU - Nguyen PN FAU - Chabert, Philippe AU - Chabert P FAU - Idris-Khodja, Noureddine AU - Idris-Khodja N FAU - Schini-Kerth, Valerie B AU - Schini-Kerth VB LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol JT - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology JID - 7902492 RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-6) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Chocolate MH - *Diet, Healthy MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Fatty Acids, Omega-6/administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage MH - Signal Transduction MH - Spices MH - Tea MH - Vasodilation MH - Wine EDAT- 2016/03/15 06:00 MHDA- 2017/10/31 06:00 CRDT- 2016/03/15 06:00 PHST- 2016/03/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/03/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/10/31 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000382 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2016 Jul;68(1):11-8. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000382. PMID- 26939969 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170117 LR - 20170117 IS - 1744-4160 (Electronic) IS - 1381-3455 (Linking) VI - 122 IP - 3 DP - 2016 Jul TI - (-)-Epicatechin in vitro ameliorates erythrocyte protein carbonyl content in hypertensive patients: comparison with L-ascorbic acid. PG - 155-60 LID - 10.3109/13813455.2016.1159699 [doi] AB - CONTEXT: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the patho-physiology of hypertension. (-)-Epicatechin has many important biological properties. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate effect of (-)-epicatechin on protein carbonyl content in gender-based hypertensive patients and normal subjects. METHODS: The study was carried out on 83 normal (male: 42; female: 41) and 62 hypertensive subjects (male: 32; female: 30). In vitro effect on (-)-epicatechin and L-ascorbic acid was estimated on protein carbonyl content. RESULTS: Result showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in protein carbonyl content in hypertensive patients but no gender-based difference was observed. (-)-epicatechin shows significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent effect as compared to L-ascorbic acid, which is manifested as decrease in protein carbonyl content. CONCLUSION: We hypothesizes that a higher intake of (-)-epicatechin may provide protection against hypertension in males and females. FAU - Kumar, Navneet AU - Kumar N AD - a School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University , Dessie , Ethiopia . AD - b Department of Biochemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India . FAU - Maurya, Pawan Kumar AU - Maurya PK AD - c Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil . AD - d Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University , Noida , Uttar Pradesh , India , and. FAU - Kant, Ruchi AU - Kant R AD - e Department of Chemistry , College of Natural Science, Wollo University , Dessie , Ethiopia. FAU - Rizvi, Syed Ibrahim AU - Rizvi SI AD - b Department of Biochemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India . LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160329 PL - England TA - Arch Physiol Biochem JT - Archives of physiology and biochemistry JID - 9510153 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Proteins) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Ascorbic Acid/*pharmacology MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Erythrocytes/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Protein Carbonylation/*drug effects MH - Proteins/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Carbonyl group OT - epicatechin OT - erythrocyte OT - hypertension OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2016/03/05 06:00 MHDA- 2017/01/18 06:00 CRDT- 2016/03/05 06:00 PHST- 2016/03/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/03/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/01/18 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3109/13813455.2016.1159699 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Physiol Biochem. 2016 Jul;122(3):155-60. doi: 10.3109/13813455.2016.1159699. Epub 2016 Mar 29. PMID- 26922974 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171204 LR - 20240524 IS - 1365-2125 (Electronic) IS - 0306-5251 (Print) IS - 0306-5251 (Linking) VI - 83 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Jan TI - Antioxidant and antiplatelet activity by polyphenol-rich nutrients: focus on extra virgin olive oil and cocoa. PG - 96-102 LID - 10.1111/bcp.12923 [doi] AB - Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the Western world. In the last decades nutraceutical approaches have been proposed to counteract atherosclerotic complications. In particular, polyphenols, a class of bio-active molecules prevalently contained in foods such as cocoa, fruits, vegetables, wine and tea, have been widely studied for their beneficial properties. Several epidemiological and interventional studies have shown that polyphenol-rich nutrients, as in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and cocoa, are associated with a risk reduction of cardiovascular events and/or modulation of cardiovascular risk factors. Definition of the mechanisms accounting for this putative cardio-protective effect is still elusive. This review focuses on the mechanisms that may be implicated in the beneficial effects of EVOO and cocoa, including down-regulation of oxidative stress and platelet aggregation, improvement of endothelial function and cardiovascular risk factor such as blood pressure, serum cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. CI - (c) 2016 The British Pharmacological Society. FAU - Loffredo, Lorenzo AU - Loffredo L AD - I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. FAU - Perri, Ludovica AU - Perri L AD - I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. FAU - Nocella, Cristina AU - Nocella C AD - I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. FAU - Violi, Francesco AU - Violi F AD - I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20160401 PL - England TA - Br J Clin Pharmacol JT - British journal of clinical pharmacology JID - 7503323 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Olive Oil) RN - 0 (Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Olive Oil/*chemistry MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Polyphenols/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Risk Factors PMC - PMC5338167 OTO - NOTNLM OT - antioxidant OT - cocoa OT - extra virgin olive oil OT - nutraceutical OT - oxidative stress OT - platelets EDAT- 2016/03/01 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/05 06:00 PMCR- 2018/01/01 CRDT- 2016/03/01 06:00 PHST- 2016/01/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/02/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/02/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/03/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/03/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - BCP12923 [pii] AID - 10.1111/bcp.12923 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;83(1):96-102. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12923. Epub 2016 Apr 1. PMID- 26913852 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180419 LR - 20221207 IS - 1436-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1436-6207 (Print) IS - 1436-6207 (Linking) VI - 56 IP - 4 DP - 2017 Jun TI - Dietary polyphenols are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Polish adults of the HAPIEE study. PG - 1409-1420 LID - 10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z [doi] AB - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenol intake and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey including 8821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Krakow, Poland. Dietary polyphenol intake was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires and matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Significant differences in age and energy intake among different categories of total dietary polyphenol intake were found. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly lower among individuals in the higher quartiles of polyphenol intake, but a linear association was found only for BMI and WC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile of polyphenol intake were less likely to have MetS (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.64, 0.98 and OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86 for both men and women, respectively). High total polyphenol intake was negatively associated with WC, blood pressure, high lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in women, and fasting plasma glucose in both genders. Among individual classes of polyphenols, phenolic acids and stilbenes were significantly associated with MetS; lignans and stilbenes with WC; phenolic acids with blood pressure and triglycerides; and flavonoids with fasting plasma glucose. Among specific subclasses of polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and dihydrochalcones had the most relevant role. CONCLUSIONS: Total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenols were inversely associated with MetS and some of its components. FAU - Grosso, Giuseppe AU - Grosso G AD - Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via S. Sofia 85, 95123, Catania, Italy. giuseppe.grosso@studium.unict.it. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. giuseppe.grosso@studium.unict.it. FAU - Stepaniak, Urszula AU - Stepaniak U AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. FAU - Micek, Agnieszka AU - Micek A AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. FAU - Stefler, Denes AU - Stefler D AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. FAU - Bobak, Martin AU - Bobak M AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. FAU - Pajak, Andrzej AU - Pajak A AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. LA - eng GR - Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom GR - R01 AG023522/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160225 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Nutr JT - European journal of nutrition JID - 100888704 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diet MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Life Style MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*blood/*epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Nutrition Assessment MH - Poland MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage/blood MH - Prevalence MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Waist Circumference MH - White People PMC - PMC5486632 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - Dietary polyphenols OT - Dyslipidemia OT - Flavonoids OT - Hyperglycemia OT - Lignans OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Phenolic acids OT - Stilbenes OT - Waist circumference COIS- Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2016/02/26 06:00 MHDA- 2018/04/20 06:00 PMCR- 2016/02/25 CRDT- 2016/02/26 06:00 PHST- 2015/09/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/02/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/02/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/04/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/02/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/02/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z [pii] AID - 1187 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Nutr. 2017 Jun;56(4):1409-1420. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z. Epub 2016 Feb 25. PMID- 26852373 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171204 LR - 20220410 IS - 1365-2125 (Electronic) IS - 0306-5251 (Print) IS - 0306-5251 (Linking) VI - 83 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Jan TI - Nutraceuticals with a clinically detectable blood pressure-lowering effect: a review of available randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses. PG - 163-171 LID - 10.1111/bcp.12902 [doi] AB - AIMS: The aim of the present study was to review and comment on the available evidence on nutraceuticals with a clinically demonstrable blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect. METHODS: We reviewed studies published in the English language from 1990 to 2015 on dietary supplements or nutraceuticals claiming to show an effect on human BP. An initial list of possibly effective agents and studies was obtained from the online reference, the Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database. Using PubMed, we searched agents identified from this list using the MeSH terms 'hypertension', 'blood pressure', 'dietary supplement' and 'nutraceuticals', alone and in combination. We then focused our attention on meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials. RESULTS: Beyond the well-known effects on BP of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diet, a large number of studies have investigated the possible BP-lowering effect of different dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, most of which are antioxidant agents with a high tolerability and safety profile. In particular, a relatively large body of evidence supports the use of potassium, magnesium, L-arginine, vitamin C, cocoa flavonoids, beetroot juice, coenzyme Q10, controlled-release melatonin and aged garlic extract. The antihypertensive effect of all these nutraceuticals seems to be dose related and the overall tolerability is good. CONCLUSION: Some nutraceuticals might have a positive impact on BP in humans. Further clinical research is needed, to identify from the available active nutraceuticals those with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for widespread and long-term use in the general population with a low-added cardiovascular risk related to uncomplicated hypertension. CI - (c) 2016 The British Pharmacological Society. FAU - Borghi, Claudio AU - Borghi C AD - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. FAU - Cicero, Arrigo F G AU - Cicero AF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4367-3884 AD - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Review DEP - 20160315 PL - England TA - Br J Clin Pharmacol JT - British journal of clinical pharmacology JID - 7503323 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/*administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Diet, Mediterranean MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/diet therapy/*prevention & control MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic PMC - PMC5338151 OTO - NOTNLM OT - BP OT - blood pressure OT - clinical evidence review OT - dietary supplements OT - hypertension OT - nutraceuticals EDAT- 2016/02/08 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/05 06:00 PMCR- 2018/01/01 CRDT- 2016/02/08 06:00 PHST- 2015/12/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/02/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/02/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/02/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/02/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - BCP12902 [pii] AID - 10.1111/bcp.12902 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;83(1):163-171. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12902. Epub 2016 Mar 15. PMID- 26778479 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170515 LR - 20210702 IS - 1618-095X (Electronic) IS - 0944-7113 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 11 DP - 2016 Oct 15 TI - Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. PG - 1134-44 LID - S0944-7113(15)00361-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE: The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS. CHAPTERS: Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa. CONCLUSION: Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. FAU - Cicero, Arrigo F G AU - Cicero AF AD - Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: arrigo.cicero@unibo.it. FAU - Colletti, Alessandro AU - Colletti A AD - Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20151211 PL - Germany TA - Phytomedicine JT - Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology JID - 9438794 RN - 0 (Cinnamates) RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Phytochemicals) RN - 0I8Y3P32UF (Berberine) RN - 140-10-3 (cinnamic acid) RN - 7864XYD3JJ (Acrolein) RN - 8063-16-9 (Psyllium) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin) RN - SR60A3XG0F (cinnamaldehyde) SB - IM MH - Acrolein/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology MH - Berberine/pharmacology MH - Catechin/pharmacology MH - Cinnamates/pharmacology MH - Curcumin/pharmacology MH - Diet MH - Dietary Fiber MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology MH - Flavonols/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*drug therapy/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Phytochemicals/*pharmacology MH - Psyllium OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dyslipidaemia OT - Hypertension OT - Insulin resistance OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Nutraceuticals OT - Obesity EDAT- 2016/01/19 06:00 MHDA- 2017/05/16 06:00 CRDT- 2016/01/19 06:00 PHST- 2015/08/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/11/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/11/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/01/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/01/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/05/16 06:00 [medline] AID - S0944-7113(15)00361-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytomedicine. 2016 Oct 15;23(11):1134-44. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009. Epub 2015 Dec 11. PMID- 26682743 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160906 LR - 20240324 IS - 1756-0500 (Electronic) IS - 1756-0500 (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2015 Dec 18 TI - Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema. PG - 798 LID - 10.1186/s13104-015-1750-3 [doi] LID - 798 AB - OBJECTIVE: Shift work has been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major cause of death globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of developing CVD in shift work. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study involving secondary analysis of shift and non-shift work from an industry in Ghana. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred (113 shift and 87 non-shift) consecutive workers who consented were recruited into the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to deduce information on participant's age, alcohol consumption pattern, smoking habits, history of diabetes, stroke and hypertension. RESULTS: Shift workers were found to be associated with higher body mass index (26.9 +/- 4.6 vs 25.2 +/- 3.3, p = 0.013); fasting blood glucose (5.9 +/- 1.8 vs 5.3 +/- 0.8, p 8, 2beta-->O-7)-epicatechin potently inhibited alpha-glucosidase with an IC50 value being as low as 1.2 mug.mL(-1). The established UHPLC-MS method could serve as a quality control tool for X. sorbifolia. In conclusion, the high contents of antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory constituents in X. sorbifolia support its use as complementation of other therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and hypertension. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 China Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Zhang, Yu AU - Zhang Y AD - School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China. FAU - Ma, Jian-Nan AU - Ma JN AD - School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China. FAU - Ma, Chun-Li AU - Ma CL AD - School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China. FAU - Qi, Zhi AU - Qi Z AD - School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China. FAU - Ma, Chao-Mei AU - Ma CM AD - School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China. Electronic address: cmma@imu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - China TA - Chin J Nat Med JT - Chinese journal of natural medicines JID - 101504416 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biphenyl Compounds) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Picrates) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Triterpenes) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 76XC01FTOJ (myricetin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 9007-49-2 (DNA) RN - DFD3H4VGDH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) RN - EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-Glucosidases) RN - HEJ6575V1X (gallocatechol) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/analysis/*pharmacology MH - Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives/analysis/pharmacology MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - DNA/*drug effects MH - *DNA Damage MH - Flavonoids/analysis/pharmacology MH - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/analysis/*pharmacology MH - Mass Spectrometry MH - Picrates/metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Sapindaceae/*chemistry MH - Triterpenes/analysis/pharmacology MH - Wood/chemistry MH - alpha-Glucosidases/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antioxidant OT - Constituents OT - DNA scission protective OT - Quantification OT - Xanthoceras sorbifolia OT - alpha-glucosidase inhibition EDAT- 2015/11/29 06:00 MHDA- 2016/09/02 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/29 06:00 PHST- 2015/01/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/11/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/09/02 06:00 [medline] AID - S1875-5364(15)30092-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/S1875-5364(15)30092-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chin J Nat Med. 2015 Nov;13(11):873-880. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(15)30092-3. PMID- 26614018 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160921 LR - 20151217 IS - 1590-3729 (Electronic) IS - 0939-4753 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 12 DP - 2015 Dec TI - From sodium intake restriction to nitrate supplementation: Different measures with converging mechanistic pathways? PG - 1079-86 LID - S0939-4753(15)30004-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.09.008 [doi] AB - Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is at the centre of endothelial physiology producing nitric oxide which dilates blood vessels, inhibits platelet aggregation and smooth muscle cell proliferation and reduces adhesion molecule production. The laminar shear stress is a common test used usually as the flow mediated dilatation test (FMD) which is sensitive to saturated fat, sodium and potassium although with the latter ion it is possible potassium has direct effects on ion channels in the smooth muscle cell as well as the endothelial cell. High blood pressure and blood cholesterol both reduce nitric oxide production, the latter probably by increasing caveolin-1 which binds nitric oxide synthase. Saturated fat reduces nitric oxide by elevating LDL cholesterol and caveolin-1 while insulin stimulates nitric oxide synthase activity by serine phosphorylation. Polyphenols from tea, coffee and cocoa and virgin olive oil enhance FMD and eNOS activity is essential for this activity. Wine polyphenols produce mixed results and it is not clear at present that they are beneficial. Blackberries and other polyphenol-rich fruit also enhance FMD. Dietary nitrate from beetroot and green leafy vegetables is converted to nitrite by salivary microbes and then to nitric oxide and this acts directly on the smooth muscle to lower blood pressure particularly in a low oxygen environment. Dietary nitrate also improves work efficiency and improves flow mediated dilatation. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Clifton, P AU - Clifton P AD - University of South Australia, P5-16, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia. Electronic address: Peter.clifton@unisa.edu.au. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20151021 PL - Netherlands TA - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis JT - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD JID - 9111474 RN - 0 (Nitrates) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 94ZLA3W45F (Arginine) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Arginine/metabolism MH - Cardiovascular System/*enzymology MH - Diet, Sodium-Restricted MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*metabolism MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nitrates/*therapeutic use MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase/*metabolism MH - Rats MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Signal Transduction MH - Vasoconstriction/physiology MH - Vasodilation/physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Laminar sheer stress OT - NADPH oxidase OT - Nitric oxide OT - Nitric oxide synthase OT - Superoxide OT - Tetrahydrobiopterin EDAT- 2015/11/29 06:00 MHDA- 2016/09/23 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/29 06:00 PHST- 2015/05/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/09/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/09/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/11/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/09/23 06:00 [medline] AID - S0939-4753(15)30004-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.09.008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Dec;25(12):1079-86. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.09.008. Epub 2015 Oct 21. PMID- 26568249 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160421 LR - 20220408 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 115 IP - 2 DP - 2016 Jan 28 TI - Effects of grape seed extract beverage on blood pressure and metabolic indices in individuals with pre-hypertension: a randomised, double-blinded, two-arm, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. PG - 226-38 LID - 10.1017/S0007114515004328 [doi] AB - The aim of the present study was to test grape seed extract (GSE) as a functional ingredient to lower blood pressure (BP) in individuals with pre-hypertension. A single-centre, randomised, two-arm, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 12-week, parallel study was conducted in middle-aged adults with pre-hypertension. A total of thirty-six subjects were randomised (1:1) to Placebo (n 18) or GSE (n 18) groups; twenty-nine of them completed all the protocol-specified procedures (Placebo, n 17; GSE, n 12). Subjects consumed a juice (167 kJ (40 kcal)) containing 0 mg (Placebo) or 300 mg/d GSE (150 mg) twice daily for 6 weeks preceded by a 2-week Placebo run-in and followed by 4-week no-beverage follow-up. Compliance was monitored. BP was measured at screening, 0, 6 and 10 weeks of intervention and blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 10 weeks of intervention. GSE significantly reduced systolic BP (SBP) by 5.6 % (P=0.012) and diastolic BP (DBP) by 4.7 % (P=0.049) after 6 weeks of intervention period, which was significantly different (SBP; P=0.03) or tended to be different (DBP; P=0.08) from Placebo. BP returned to baseline after the 4-week discontinuation period of GSE beverage. Subjects with higher initial BP experienced greater BP reduction; nearly double the effect size. Fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity tended to improve after 6 weeks of GSE beverage supplementation (P=0.09 and 0.07, respectively); no significant changes were observed with fasting plasma lipids, glucose, oxidised LDL, flow-mediated dilation or vascular adhesion molecules. Total plasma phenolic acid concentrations were 1.6 times higher after 6 weeks of GSE v. Placebo. GSE was found to be safe and to improve BP in people with pre-hypertension, supporting the use of GSE as a functional ingredient in a low-energy beverage for BP control. FAU - Park, Eunyoung AU - Park E AD - 1Center for Nutrition Research,Institute for Food Safety and Health,Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago,IL 60616,USA. FAU - Edirisinghe, Indika AU - Edirisinghe I AD - 1Center for Nutrition Research,Institute for Food Safety and Health,Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago,IL 60616,USA. FAU - Choy, Ying Yng AU - Choy YY AD - 2Department of Viticulture and Enology,University of California,Davis,CA 95616,USA. FAU - Waterhouse, Andrew AU - Waterhouse A AD - 2Department of Viticulture and Enology,University of California,Davis,CA 95616,USA. FAU - Burton-Freeman, Britt AU - Burton-Freeman B AD - 1Center for Nutrition Research,Institute for Food Safety and Health,Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago,IL 60616,USA. LA - eng GR - U19 FD005322/FD/FDA HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20151116 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Grape Seed Extract) RN - 0 (Hydroxybenzoates) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Placebos) RN - I3P9R8317T (phenolic acid) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Beverages MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Fasting MH - Female MH - Grape Seed Extract/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Hydroxybenzoates/blood MH - Hypertension/prevention & control MH - Insulin/blood MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Placebos MH - Prehypertension/*drug therapy MH - Systole OTO - NOTNLM OT - BP blood pressure OT - Blood pressure OT - CT catechin OT - DBP diastolic BP OT - EC epicatechin OT - Endothelial function OT - FMD flow-mediated dilation OT - GSE grape seed extract OT - Grape seed extract OT - HOMA-IR homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance OT - Insulin sensitivity OT - Polyphenols OT - Pre-hypertension OT - SBP systolic BP EDAT- 2015/11/17 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/22 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/17 06:00 PHST- 2015/11/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/22 06:00 [medline] AID - S0007114515004328 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114515004328 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2016 Jan 28;115(2):226-38. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515004328. Epub 2015 Nov 16. PMID- 26545655 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170131 LR - 20170131 IS - 1699-5198 (Electronic) IS - 0212-1611 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 5 DP - 2015 Nov 1 TI - EFFECT OF HYPOENERGETIC DIET COMBINED WITH CONSUMPTION OF COCONUT FLOUR IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN. PG - 2012-8 LID - 10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9661 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: the prevalence of obesity has increased, especially among women. AIM: the aim of this study was to assess the effect of a hypoenergetic diet combined with coconut flour on anthropometric and biochemical data and the quality of the diet. METHODS: we carried out a crossover clinical trial involving a step with hypoenergetic diet only and another with the diet associated with coconut flour consumption (26 g) over the course of nine months. The volunteers were recruited from the Sao Goncalo city of Rio de Janeiro. Anthropometric, biochemical and dietary data were collected monthly. The diet quality index revised for the Brazilian population (DQI-R) and the consumption of ultra-processed foods and additives were assessed. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were performed, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: forty-two women of an average 47.5 +/- 9.5 years of age participated. The hypoenergetic diet promoted a decrease in body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, visceral adiposity index, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and VLDL. The consumption of coconut flour promoted a drop in glucose and total cholesterol levels when supplementing the hypoenergetic diet. The improvement to diet quality can be noted in the decrease in consumption of ultra-processed foods like vegetable oil, chocolate and soft drinks. CONCLUSION: the hypoenergetic diet promoted a decrease in the anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and triglycerides. The consumption of coconut flour promoted a decrease in glucose and total cholesterol levels when supplementing the hypoenergetic diet. The improved diet quality can be seen in the decrease in consumption of ultra- processed foods. CI - Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved. FAU - de Paula Franco, Elizabeth AU - de Paula Franco E AD - Postgraduate Program of Medicine/Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.. elizabethdepaulafranco@gmail.com. FAU - Moraes de Oliveira, Glaucia Maria AU - Moraes de Oliveira GM AD - Postgraduate Program of Medicine/Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.. glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com. FAU - Raggio Luiz, Ronir AU - Raggio Luiz R AD - Institute of Collective Health of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.. ronir@iesc.ufrj.br. FAU - Rosa, Glorimar AU - Rosa G AD - Postgraduate Program of Medicine/Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Josue de Castro Institute at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Brazil.. glorimar@nutricao.ufrj.br. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20151101 PL - Spain TA - Nutr Hosp JT - Nutricion hospitalaria JID - 9100365 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Body Mass Index MH - Caloric Restriction/*methods MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - *Cocos MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Female MH - Flour MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Overweight/*diet therapy MH - Triglycerides/blood EDAT- 2015/11/08 06:00 MHDA- 2017/02/01 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/08 06:00 PHST- 2015/11/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/02/01 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9661 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr Hosp. 2015 Nov 1;32(5):2012-8. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9661. PMID- 26537937 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160413 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 102 IP - 6 DP - 2015 Dec TI - Safety and efficacy of cocoa flavanol intake in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial. PG - 1425-35 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.115.116178 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Evidence from dietary intervention studies shows that the intake of flavanols and procyanidins can be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, there is a clear need for advancing our understanding with regard to safe amounts of intake for these bioactives. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate in healthy adults the effects of cocoa flavanol (CF) intake amount and intake duration on blood pressure, platelet function, metabolic variables, and potential adverse events (AEs). DESIGN: This investigation consisted of 2 parts. Part 1 was an open-label, intake-amount escalation study, in which 34 healthy adults (aged 35-55 y) consumed escalating amounts of CFs, ranging from 1000 to 2000 mg/d over 6 wk. Primary outcomes were blood pressure and platelet function, select metabolic variables, and the occurrence and severity of AEs. Secondary outcomes included plasma concentrations of CF-derived metabolites and methylxanthines. On the basis of the outcomes of study part 1, and assessing the same outcome measures, part 2 of this investigation was a controlled, randomized, double-masked, 2-parallel-arm dietary intervention study in which healthy participants (aged 35-55 y) were asked to consume for 12 consecutive weeks up to 2000 mg CFs/d (n = 46) or a CF-free control (n = 28). RESULTS: Daily intake of up to 2000 mg CFs/d for 12 wk was not associated with significant changes in blood pressure or platelet function compared with CF-free controls in normotensive, healthy individuals who exhibited a very low risk of cardiovascular disease. There were no clinically relevant changes in the metabolic variables assessed in either of the groups. AEs reported were classified as mild in severity and did not significantly differ between study arms. CONCLUSION: The consumption of CFs in amounts up to 2000 mg/d for 12 wk was well tolerated in healthy men and women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02447770 (part 1) and NCT02447783 (part 2). CI - (c) 2015 American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI AD - Mars Inc., McLean, VA; and Departments of javier.ottaviani@mss.effem.com. FAU - Balz, Marion AU - Balz M AD - Mars Inc., McLean, VA; and Departments of. FAU - Kimball, Jennifer AU - Kimball J AD - Nutrition and. FAU - Ensunsa, Jodi L AU - Ensunsa JL AD - Nutrition and. FAU - Fong, Reedmond AU - Fong R AD - Nutrition and. FAU - Momma, Tony Y AU - Momma TY AD - Nutrition and. FAU - Kwik-Uribe, Catherine AU - Kwik-Uribe C AD - Mars Inc., McLean, VA; and Departments of. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars Inc., McLean, VA; and Departments of. FAU - Keen, Carl L AU - Keen CL AD - Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02447770 SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02447783 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20151104 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Xanthines) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage/adverse effects/metabolism/*therapeutic use MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - California/epidemiology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/epidemiology/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Cohort Studies MH - *Dietary Supplements/adverse effects MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonols/administration & dosage/adverse effects/metabolism/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Intention to Treat Analysis MH - Lost to Follow-Up MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Dropouts MH - Platelet Aggregation MH - Risk Factors MH - Seeds/*chemistry MH - Xanthines/blood/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - cocoa OT - epicatechin OT - flavanol OT - procyanidin OT - safety EDAT- 2015/11/06 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/14 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/06 06:00 PHST- 2015/06/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/09/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/11/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/14 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)27216-0 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.115.116178 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Dec;102(6):1425-35. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116178. Epub 2015 Nov 4. PMID- 26514936 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170112 LR - 20240809 IS - 1751-7176 (Electronic) IS - 1524-6175 (Print) IS - 1524-6175 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 4 DP - 2016 Apr TI - Cocoa Flavanol Cardiovascular Effects Beyond Blood Pressure Reduction. PG - 352-8 LID - 10.1111/jch.12715 [doi] AB - The protective cardiovascular (CV) effect of cocoa flavanol has been a target of many recent clinical prospective and retrospective investigations. Epidemiological data in different patient cohorts revealed an association between higher intake of flavanol-rich foods and decreased incidence of CV events, especially stroke and myocardial infarction. Cocoa flavanol has been shown to reduce systolic (2.8 mm Hg) and diastolic (2.2 mm Hg) office blood pressure (BP). Greater BP reduction has been found in hypertensive patients and people younger than 50 years. Cocoa flavanol intake exerts beneficial effects on pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypertension-related organ damage, such as improved endothelial function, anti-inflammatory potency, inhibition of platelet activation, and increased vasodilatory capacity. Recent clinical trials have focused on establishing a potential link between epidemiology and pathophysiology of flavanol and identified possible mechanisms for prevention of end-organ damage in patients at CV risk. This review summarizes the available data on the antihypertensive effects of cocoa flavanol beyond BP-BP lowering lowering effects, accentuates subgroup-specific protective actions of cocoa according to patients' different CV risk profile, and outlines potential cocoa flavanol-associated clinical implications. CI - (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Jumar, Agnes AU - Jumar A AD - Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany. FAU - Schmieder, Roland E AU - Schmieder RE AD - Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20151030 PL - United States TA - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) JT - Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) JID - 100888554 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*physiopathology PMC - PMC8031944 EDAT- 2015/10/31 06:00 MHDA- 2017/01/14 06:00 PMCR- 2015/10/30 CRDT- 2015/10/31 06:00 PHST- 2015/07/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/08/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/08/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/10/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/10/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/01/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/10/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - JCH12715 [pii] AID - 10.1111/jch.12715 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2016 Apr;18(4):352-8. doi: 10.1111/jch.12715. Epub 2015 Oct 30. PMID- 26491142 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160607 LR - 20240109 IS - 1753-4887 (Electronic) IS - 0029-6643 (Linking) VI - 73 IP - 12 DP - 2015 Dec TI - Efficacy of flavonoids in the management of high blood pressure. PG - 799-822 LID - 10.1093/nutrit/nuv048 [doi] AB - Plant compounds such as flavonoids have been reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Information on the effects of isolated individual flavonoids for management of high blood pressure, however, is more limited. This review is focused on the flavonoids, as isolated outside of the food matrix, from the 5 main subgroups consumed in the Western diet (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins), along with their effects on hypertension, including the potential mechanisms for regulating blood pressure. Flavonoids from all 5 subgroups have been shown to attenuate a rise in or to reduce blood pressure during several pathological conditions (hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus). Flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and flavanols were able to modulate blood pressure by restoring endothelial function, either directly, by affecting nitric oxide levels, or indirectly, through other pathways. Quercetin had the most consistent blood pressure-lowering effect in animal and human studies, irrespective of dose, duration, or disease status. However, further research on the safety and efficacy of the flavonoids is required before any of them can be used by humans, presumably in supplement form, at the doses required for therapeutic benefit. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Clark, Jaime L AU - Clark JL AD - J.L. Clark, P. Zahradka, and C.G. Taylor are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. P. Zahradka and C.G. Taylor are with the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. J.L. Clark, P. Zahradka, and C.G. Taylor are with the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. FAU - Zahradka, Peter AU - Zahradka P AD - J.L. Clark, P. Zahradka, and C.G. Taylor are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. P. Zahradka and C.G. Taylor are with the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. J.L. Clark, P. Zahradka, and C.G. Taylor are with the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. FAU - Taylor, Carla G AU - Taylor CG AD - J.L. Clark, P. Zahradka, and C.G. Taylor are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. P. Zahradka and C.G. Taylor are with the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. J.L. Clark, P. Zahradka, and C.G. Taylor are with the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ctaylor@sbrc.ca. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20151021 PL - United States TA - Nutr Rev JT - Nutrition reviews JID - 0376405 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Flavonoids/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/drug therapy/physiopathology OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - endothelial function OT - flavonoids OT - hypertension. EDAT- 2015/10/23 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/09 06:00 CRDT- 2015/10/23 06:00 PHST- 2015/10/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/10/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/09 06:00 [medline] AID - nuv048 [pii] AID - 10.1093/nutrit/nuv048 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Rev. 2015 Dec;73(12):799-822. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv048. Epub 2015 Oct 21. PMID- 26461285 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160301 LR - 20151014 IS - 1873-4596 (Electronic) IS - 0891-5849 (Linking) VI - 75 Suppl 1 DP - 2014 Oct TI - Flavanols and vascular health: molecular mechanisms to build evidence-based recommendations. PG - S12 LID - S0891-5849(14)01360-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.859 [doi] AB - Observational studies as well as public awareness and ancient medicine identify tea, wine and cocoa as healthy foods. Further compilations of epidemiological data reinforce the healthy properties of the grape, tea and cocoa derived foods and drinks made from, especially when considering cardiovascular disease, some cancers and other inflammation-related pathologies. Flavanols have emerged as bioactives responsible for such health effects, and flavanol-rich foods have been used in clinical studies. Results of these studies show a major participation of flavanols in mechanisms positively affecting endpoints of cardiovascular disease, i.e. hypertension and vascular function. In line, based on the chemistry (bioavailability and molecular structure of flavanol and target entities) several physiological mechanisms have been described backing the epidemiological and clinical studies. In summary, the discussion for defining evidence-based recommendations for flavanols is based on: a) the extensive research done and the positive results obtained support the incorporation of flavanol-rich foods as part of a healthy diet, this is a cost-effective action to ameliorate silent undesirable conditions as it is chronic inflammation; b) the fact that cardiovascular health seems especially sensitive to the beneficial effects of flavanols: based on clinical and mechanistic studies showing that certain flavanols, favor NO production; and c) the increasing technical possibilities to evaluate flavanols in foods and biological samples. Supported by UBACyT 20020120100177, CONICET PIP-20110100752, and ANPCyT PICT 2012/0765. CI - Copyright (c) 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG AD - University of Buenos Aires (School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry), Physical Chemistry-IBIMOL, Argentina. FAU - Oteiza, Patricia AU - Oteiza P AD - University of California (Davis), Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20141210 PL - United States TA - Free Radic Biol Med JT - Free radical biology & medicine JID - 8709159 EDAT- 2015/10/16 06:00 MHDA- 2015/10/16 06:01 CRDT- 2015/10/14 06:00 PHST- 2015/10/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/10/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/10/16 06:01 [medline] AID - S0891-5849(14)01360-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.859 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Oct;75 Suppl 1:S12. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.859. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID- 26456559 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20151012 LR - 20201001 IS - 1092-8464 (Print) IS - 1092-8464 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 12 DP - 2015 Dec TI - Cardiovascular Benefits of Dark Chocolate? PG - 54 LID - 10.1007/s11936-015-0419-5 [doi] AB - The use of cacao for health benefits dates back at least 3000 years. Our understanding of cacao has evolved with modern science. It is now felt based on extensive research the main health benefits of cacao stem from epicatechin, a flavanol found in cacao. The process of manufacturing dark chocolate retains epicatechin, whereas milk chocolate does not contain significant amounts of epicatechin. Thus, most of the current research studies are focused on dark chocolate. Both epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a beneficial effect of dark chocolate on blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation. Proposed mechanisms underlying these benefits include enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability and improved mitochondrial structure/function. Ultimately, further studies of this promising compound are needed to elucidate its potential for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as well as other diseases that have underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and nitric oxide deficiency. FAU - Higginbotham, Erin AU - Higginbotham E AD - University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA. FAU - Taub, Pam R AU - Taub PR AD - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9444 Medical Center DR MC 7411, 3rd FL RM 3-089D, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA. ptaub@ucsd.edu. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med JT - Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine JID - 9815942 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa OT - Dark chocolate OT - Epicatechin OT - Flavanols OT - Mitochondria OT - Skeletal muscle EDAT- 2015/10/13 06:00 MHDA- 2015/10/13 06:01 CRDT- 2015/10/13 06:00 PHST- 2015/10/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/10/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/10/13 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s11936-015-0419-5 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11936-015-0419-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2015 Dec;17(12):54. doi: 10.1007/s11936-015-0419-5. PMID- 26362125 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160523 LR - 20150929 IS - 1365-2060 (Electronic) IS - 0785-3890 (Linking) VI - 47 IP - 6 DP - 2015 TI - Nutraceuticals for blood pressure control. PG - 447-56 LID - 10.3109/07853890.2015.1078905 [doi] AB - Significant effects on blood pressure (BP) have been reported from large nutritional interventions, particularly the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diet. In more recent years, numerous studies have investigated the possible BP-lowering effect of different nutraceuticals; these range from specific foods to minerals, lipids, whole proteins, peptides, amino acids, probiotics, and vitamins. While a very large body of evidence supports the use of potassium, L-arginine, vitamins C and D, cocoa flavonoids, beetroot juice, some probiotics, coenzyme Q10, controlled-release melatonin, aged garlic extract, and coffee, the use of other nutraceuticals, such as green tea, flaxseed, and resveratrol, has not as yet been supported by adequate evidence. In some cases, e.g. proteins/peptides, the responsible component needs also to be fully uncovered. Finally, while for most of the products only short-term studies are available, with no specific end-points, an ongoing very large prospective study on chocolate flavanols will answer the question whether this may reduce cardiovascular risk. Thus, in addition to data on long-term safety, further clinical research is advisable in order to identify, among active nutraceuticals, those with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for a wide use in the general population with a raised cardiovascular risk consequent to uncomplicated hypertension. FAU - Sirtori, Cesare R AU - Sirtori CR AD - a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Milan , Milano , Italy. FAU - Arnoldi, Anna AU - Arnoldi A AD - b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milano , Italy. FAU - Cicero, Arrigo F G AU - Cicero AF AD - c Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20150911 PL - England TA - Ann Med JT - Annals of medicine JID - 8906388 SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy MH - Prospective Studies MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Risk Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Beetroot juice OT - blood pressure OT - chocolate OT - dietary peptides OT - dietary supplements OT - hypertension OT - nutraceuticals EDAT- 2015/09/13 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/24 06:00 CRDT- 2015/09/13 06:00 PHST- 2015/09/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/09/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/24 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3109/07853890.2015.1078905 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Med. 2015;47(6):447-56. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1078905. Epub 2015 Sep 11. PMID- 26348767 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160108 LR - 20240323 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Print) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 114 IP - 8 DP - 2015 Oct 28 TI - Cocoa flavanol intake improves endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in healthy men and women: a randomised, controlled, double-masked trial: the Flaviola Health Study. PG - 1246-55 LID - 10.1017/S0007114515002822 [doi] AB - Cocoa flavanol (CF) intake improves endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and disease. We investigated the effects of CF on surrogate markers of cardiovascular health in low risk, healthy, middle-aged individuals without history, signs or symptoms of CVD. In a 1-month, open-label, one-armed pilot study, bi-daily ingestion of 450 mg of CF led to a time-dependent increase in endothelial function (measured as flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD)) that plateaued after 2 weeks. Subsequently, in a randomised, controlled, double-masked, parallel-group dietary intervention trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01799005), 100 healthy, middle-aged (35-60 years) men and women consumed either the CF-containing drink (450 mg) or a nutrient-matched CF-free control bi-daily for 1 month. The primary end point was FMD. Secondary end points included plasma lipids and blood pressure, thus enabling the calculation of Framingham Risk Scores and pulse wave velocity. At 1 month, CF increased FMD over control by 1.2 % (95 % CI 1.0, 1.4 %). CF decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 4.4 mmHg (95 % CI 7.9, 0.9 mmHg) and 3.9 mmHg (95 % CI 6.7, 0.9 mmHg), pulse wave velocity by 0.4 m/s (95 % CI 0.8, 0.04 m/s), total cholesterol by 0.20 mmol/l (95 % CI 0.39, 0.01 mmol/l) and LDL-cholesterol by 0.17 mmol/l (95 % CI 0.32, 0.02 mmol/l), whereas HDL-cholesterol increased by 0.10 mmol/l (95 % CI 0.04, 0.17 mmol/l). By applying the Framingham Risk Score, CF predicted a significant lowering of 10-year risk for CHD, myocardial infarction, CVD, death from CHD and CVD. In healthy individuals, regular CF intake improved accredited cardiovascular surrogates of cardiovascular risk, demonstrating that dietary flavanols have the potential to maintain cardiovascular health even in low-risk subjects. FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Heuel, Jan AU - Heuel J AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Falk, David AU - Falk D AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Schuler, Dominik AU - Schuler D AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Wagstaff, Rabea AU - Wagstaff R AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Kuhnle, Gunter G C AU - Kuhnle GG AD - 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading,UK. FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E AU - Spencer JP AD - 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading,UK. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - 3Mars Inc.,McLean, VA,USA. FAU - Merx, Marc W AU - Merx MW AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3212-8995 AD - 1Division of Cardiology,Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty,University Duesseldorf,40225 Duesseldorf,Germany. CN - Flaviola Consortium, European Union 7th Framework Program LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01799005 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150909 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pilot Projects MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Risk Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vasodilation/drug effects PMC - PMC4594054 OTO - NOTNLM OT - BP blood pressure OT - Blood pressure OT - CF cocoa flavanol OT - Cardiovascular health OT - DBP OT - FMD flow-mediated dilation OT - Flavanols OT - Flow-mediated dilation OT - PWV pulse wave velocity OT - SBP systolic blood pressure OT - diastolic blood pressure EDAT- 2015/09/09 06:00 MHDA- 2016/01/09 06:00 PMCR- 2015/10/06 CRDT- 2015/09/09 06:00 PHST- 2015/09/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/09/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/01/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/10/06 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0007114515002822 [pii] AID - 00282 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114515002822 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2015 Oct 28;114(8):1246-55. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515002822. Epub 2015 Sep 9. PMID- 26340868 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160525 LR - 20250711 IS - 1435-702X (Electronic) IS - 0721-832X (Linking) VI - 253 IP - 11 DP - 2015 Nov TI - The effect of flavonoids on visual function in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PG - 1841-50 LID - 10.1007/s00417-015-3168-y [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. A major symptom of this pathology is the loss to the visual field in a peripheral to central pattern. Flavonoids are polyphenol compounds sourced from plants, commonly found in green tea, red wine and cocoa, and they have neuroprotective and antioxidant characteristics proposed to be advantageous within the context of glaucoma. Currently, the literature presents conflicting evidence regarding the effect of flavonoids on patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension; hence a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. METHOD: Databases included in our literature search were EMBASE (1980-present), MEDLINE Ovid, Alternative and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5 (Review Manager) 5 software, version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen). The primary outcomes were visual field mean deviation (MD) and intraocular pressure (IOP). Secondary outcomes were ocular blood flow and blood pressure (BP). CONCLUSION: Meta-analyses showed that flavonoids have a promising role in improving visual function in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT), and appear to play a part in both improving and slowing the progression of visual field loss. FAU - Patel, Shaheen AU - Patel S AD - Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, M&HS Building 504, Level 2, Room 504-202, 85 Park Rd, Auckland, 1023, Grafton, New Zealand. FAU - Mathan, Joyce J AU - Mathan JJ AD - Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. FAU - Vaghefi, Ehsan AU - Vaghefi E AD - Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. FAU - Braakhuis, Andrea J AU - Braakhuis AJ AD - Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, M&HS Building 504, Level 2, Room 504-202, 85 Park Rd, Auckland, 1023, Grafton, New Zealand. a.braakhuis@auckland.ac.nz. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20150904 PL - Germany TA - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol JT - Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie JID - 8205248 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Flavonoids/*therapeutic use MH - Glaucoma/*drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Humans MH - Intraocular Pressure/drug effects MH - Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Visual Acuity/*drug effects MH - Visual Fields/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood flow OT - Glaucoma OT - Intraocular pressure OT - Polyphenol OT - Visual field EDAT- 2015/09/06 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/26 06:00 CRDT- 2015/09/06 06:00 PHST- 2015/02/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/08/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/04/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/09/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/09/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/26 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00417-015-3168-y [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00417-015-3168-y [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015 Nov;253(11):1841-50. doi: 10.1007/s00417-015-3168-y. Epub 2015 Sep 4. PMID- 26338890 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160113 LR - 20250210 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Print) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 145 IP - 10 DP - 2015 Oct TI - Acute Cocoa Supplementation Increases Postprandial HDL Cholesterol and Insulin in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes after Consumption of a High-Fat Breakfast. PG - 2325-32 LID - 10.3945/jn.115.215772 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Dietary cocoa is an important source of flavonoids and is associated with favorable cardiovascular disease effects, such as improvements in vascular function and lipid profiles, in nondiabetic adults. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with adverse effects on postprandial serum glucose, lipids, inflammation, and vascular function. OBJECTIVE: We examined the hypothesis that cocoa reduces metabolic stress in obese T2D adults after a high-fat fast-food-style meal. METHODS: Adults with T2D [n = 18; age (mean +/- SE): 56 +/- 3 y; BMI (in kg/m(2)): 35.3 +/- 2.0; 14 women; 4 men] were randomly assigned to receive cocoa beverage (960 mg total polyphenols; 480 mg flavanols) or flavanol-free placebo (110 mg total polyphenols; <0.1 mg flavanols) with a high-fat fast-food-style breakfast [766 kcal, 50 g fat (59% energy)] in a crossover trial. After an overnight fast (10-12 h), participants consumed the breakfast with cocoa or placebo, and blood sample collection [glucose, insulin, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] and vascular measurements were conducted at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postprandially on each study day. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment. RESULTS: Over the 6-h study, and specifically at 1 and 4 h, cocoa increased HDL cholesterol vs. placebo (overall Delta: 1.5 +/- 0.8 mg/dL; P /= 1 g/day (and low protein-low sodium) could be protective against the risk of stone formation in hypercalciuric stone forming adults. Moderate dietary salt restriction is useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion and thus may be helpful for primary and secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis. A low-normal protein intake decrease calciuria and could be useful in stone prevention and preservation of bone mass. Omega-3 fatty acids and bran of different origin decreases calciuria, but their impact on the urinary stone risk profile is uncertain. Sports beverage do not affect the urinary stone risk profile. HYPEROXALURIA: A diet low in oxalate and/or a calcium intake normal to high (800-1200 mg/day for adults) reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate, conversely a diet rich in oxalates and/or a diet low in calcium increase urinary oxalate. A restriction in protein intake may reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate although a vegetarian diet may lead to an increase in urinary oxalate. Adding bran to a diet low in oxalate cancels its effect of reducing urinary oxalate. Conversely, the addition of supplements of fruit and vegetables to a mixed diet does not involve an increased excretion of oxalate in the urine. The intake of pyridoxine reduces the excretion of oxalate. HYPERURICOSURIA: In patients with renal calcium stones the decrease of the urinary excretion of uric acid after restriction of dietary protein and purine is suggested although not clearly demonstrated. HYPOCITRATURIA: The administration of alkaline-citrates salts is recommended for the medical treatment of renal stone-formers with hypocitraturia, although compliance to this treatment is limited by gastrointestinal side effects and costs. Increased intake of fruit and vegetables (excluding those with high oxalate content) increases citrate excretion and involves a significant protection against the risk of stone formation. Citrus (lemons, oranges, grapefruit, and lime) and non citrus fruits (melon) are natural sources of dietary citrate, and several studies have shown the potential of these fruits and/or their juices in raising urine citrate levels. CHILDREN: There are enought basis to advice an adequate fluid intake also in children. Moderate dietary salt restriction and implementation of potassium intake are useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion whereas dietary calcium restriction is not recommended for children with nephrolithiasis. It seems reasonable to advice a balanced consumption of fruit and vegetables and a low consumption of chocolate and cola according to general nutritional guidelines, although no studies have assessed in pediatric stone formers the effect of fruit and vegetables supplementation on urinary citrate and the effects of chocolate and cola restriction on urinary oxalate in pediatric stone formers. Despite the low level of scientific evidence, a low-protein (< 20 g/day) low-salt (< 2 g/day) diet with high hydration (> 3 liters/day) is strongly advised in children with cystinuria. ELDERLY: In older patients dietary counseling for renal stone prevention has to consider some particular aspects of aging. A restriction of sodium intake in association with a higher intake of potassium, magnesium and citrate is advisable in order to reduce urinary risk factors for stone formation but also to prevent the loss of bone mass and the incidence of hypertension, although more hemodynamic sensitivity to sodium intake and decreased renal function of the elderly have to be considered. A diet rich in calcium (1200 mg/day) is useful to maintain skeletal wellness and to prevent kidney stones although an higher supplementation could involve an increase of risk for both the formation of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases. A lower content of animal protein in association to an higher intake of plant products decrease the acid load and the excretion of uric acid has no particular contraindications in the elderly patients, although overall nutritional status has to be preserved. FAU - Prezioso, Domenico AU - Prezioso D AD - Universita Federico II Napoli. dprezioso@libero.it. FAU - Strazzullo, Pasquale AU - Strazzullo P FAU - Lotti, Tullio AU - Lotti T FAU - Bianchi, Giampaolo AU - Bianchi G FAU - Borghi, Loris AU - Borghi L FAU - Caione, Paolo AU - Caione P FAU - Carini, Marco AU - Carini M FAU - Caudarella, Renata AU - Caudarella R FAU - Ferraro, Manuel AU - Ferraro M FAU - Gambaro, Giovanni AU - Gambaro G FAU - Gelosa, Marco AU - Gelosa M FAU - Guttilla, Andrea AU - Guttilla A FAU - Illiano, Ester AU - Illiano E FAU - Martino, Marangella AU - Martino M FAU - Meschi, Tiziana AU - Meschi T FAU - Messa, Piergiorgio AU - Messa P FAU - Miano, Roberto AU - Miano R FAU - Napodano, Giorgio AU - Napodano G FAU - Nouvenne, Antonio AU - Nouvenne A FAU - Rendina, Domenico AU - Rendina D FAU - Rocco, Francesco AU - Rocco F FAU - Rosa, Marco AU - Rosa M FAU - Sanseverino, Roberto AU - Sanseverino R FAU - Salerno, Annamaria AU - Salerno A FAU - Spatafora, Sebastiano AU - Spatafora S FAU - Tasca, Andrea AU - Tasca A FAU - Ticinesi, Andrea AU - Ticinesi A FAU - Travaglini, Fabrizio AU - Travaglini F FAU - Trinchieri, Alberto AU - Trinchieri A FAU - Vespasiani, Giuseppe AU - Vespasiani G FAU - Zattoni, Filiberto AU - Zattoni F CN - CLU Working Group LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Practice Guideline PT - Review DEP - 20150707 PL - Italy TA - Arch Ital Urol Androl JT - Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica JID - 9308247 RN - 0 (Calcium, Dietary) RN - 0 (Dietary Proteins) RN - 0 (Drinking Water) RN - 0 (Sodium, Dietary) RN - 2612HC57YE (Calcium Oxalate) RN - 2968PHW8QP (Citric Acid) SB - IM EIN - Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2016 Mar 31;88(1):76. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2016.1.76.. Ferraro, Manuel [added]. PMID: 27072186 MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Calcium Oxalate/metabolism/urine MH - Calcium, Dietary/*administration & dosage MH - Child MH - Citric Acid/metabolism MH - Dietary Proteins/*administration & dosage MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Drinking Water/*administration & dosage MH - Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Humans MH - Kidney Calculi/*diet therapy/etiology/metabolism/*prevention & control/urine MH - Nephrology MH - Patient Education as Topic MH - Risk Factors MH - Societies, Medical MH - Sodium, Dietary/*administration & dosage MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2015/07/08 06:00 MHDA- 2015/11/18 06:00 CRDT- 2015/07/08 06:00 PHST- 2015/07/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/07/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/07/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/07/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/11/18 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.4081/aiua.2015.2.105 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2015 Jul 7;87(2):105-20. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2015.2.105. PMID- 26126077 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160624 LR - 20151120 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 45 DP - 2015 Nov 18 TI - Cocoa, glucose tolerance, and insulin signaling: cardiometabolic protection. PG - 9919-26 LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00913 [doi] AB - Experimental and clinical evidence reported that some polyphenol-rich natural products may offer opportunities for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to their biological properties. Natural products have been suggested to modulate carbohydrate metabolism by various mechanisms, such as restoring beta-cell integrity and physiology and enhancing insulin-releasing activity and glucose uptake. Endothelium is fundamental in regulating arterial function, whereas insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in pathophysiological mechanisms of prediabetic and diabetic states. Glucose and insulin actions in the skeletal muscle are improved by insulin-dependent production of nitric oxide, favoring capillary recruitment, vasodilatation, and increased blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction, with decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, is a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, insulin resistance has been described, at least in part, to negatively affect endothelial function. Consistent with this, conditions of insulin resistance are usually linked to endothelial dysfunction, and the exposure of the endothelial cells to cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia is associated with reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, resulting in impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction has been described as an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk and events. Cocoa and cocoa flavonoids may positively affect the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction with possible benefits in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Mai, Francesca AU - Mai F AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Martella, Letizia AU - Martella L AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - De Feo, Martina AU - De Feo M AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Soddu, Daniele AU - Soddu D AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Fellini, Emanuela AU - Fellini E AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Veneri, Mariangela AU - Veneri M AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Stamerra, Cosimo A AU - Stamerra CA AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20150713 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cacao/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism MH - Glucose/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Insulin/*metabolism MH - *Signal Transduction OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiometabolic protection OT - cocoa OT - diabetes OT - endothelial dysfunction OT - glucose tolerance OT - insulin resistance EDAT- 2015/07/01 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/25 06:00 CRDT- 2015/07/01 06:00 PHST- 2015/07/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/07/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/25 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00913 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Nov 18;63(45):9919-26. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00913. Epub 2015 Jul 13. PMID- 26125676 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160624 LR - 20151120 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 45 DP - 2015 Nov 18 TI - Cocoa, blood pressure, and cardiovascular health. PG - 9901-9 LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01064 [doi] AB - High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular events worldwide. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa-rich products reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. According to this, cocoa has a high content in polyphenols, especially flavanols. Flavanols have been described to exert favorable effects on endothelium-derived vasodilation via the stimulation of nitric oxide-synthase, the increased availability of l-arginine, and the decreased degradation of NO. Cocoa may also have a beneficial effect by protecting against oxidative stress alterations and via decreased platelet aggregation, decreased lipid oxidation, and insulin resistance. These effects are associated with a decrease of blood pressure and a favorable trend toward a reduction in cardiovascular events and strokes. Previous meta-analyses have shown that cocoa-rich foods may reduce blood pressure. Long-term trials investigating the effect of cocoa products are needed to determine whether or not blood pressure is reduced on a chronic basis by daily ingestion of cocoa. Furthermore, long-term trials investigating the effect of cocoa on clinical outcomes are also needed to assess whether cocoa has an effect on cardiovascular events. A 3 mmHg systolic blood pressure reduction has been estimated to decrease the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. This paper summarizes new findings concerning cocoa effects on blood pressure and cardiovascular health, focusing on putative mechanisms of action and "nutraceutical " viewpoints. FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Ferri, Livia AU - Ferri L AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Proietti, Ilenia AU - Proietti I AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Di Agostino, Stefania AU - Di Agostino S AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Martella, Letizia AU - Martella L AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Mai, Francesca AU - Mai F AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Di Giosia, Paolo AU - Di Giosia P AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20150713 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy/*metabolism/*physiopathology MH - Cardiovascular System/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Plant Extracts/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cardiovascular health OT - cocoa OT - endothelium OT - polyphenols EDAT- 2015/07/01 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/25 06:00 CRDT- 2015/07/01 06:00 PHST- 2015/07/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/07/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/25 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01064 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Nov 18;63(45):9901-9. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01064. Epub 2015 Jul 13. PMID- 26111215 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160624 LR - 20151120 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 45 DP - 2015 Nov 18 TI - Potential implications of dose and diet for the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiometabolic function. PG - 9942-7 LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01492 [doi] AB - The metabolic syndrome is a pathological state whereby cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction coexist and typically progress in a mutual feed-forward manner to further dysfunction and ultimately disease. The health and function of the vascular endothelium is integral in this phenomenon and thus represents a logical target for intervention. Consumption of foods high in cocoa flavanols has demonstrated a capacity to markedly improve endothelial function and key markers of the metabolic syndrome including blood pressure and insulin sensitivity. The typically high energy content of foods containing sufficient doses of cocoa flavanols has caused some reservations around its therapeutic use, but this is dependent upon the particulars of the food matrix used. Further to this, the food matrix appears to influence the dose response curve of cocoa flavanols, particularly on blood pressure, with dark chocolate appearing to be 8 times more effective in systolic blood pressure reduction than a cocoa powder drink for the equivalent dose of flavanol. Cocoa flavanol consumption conclusively demonstrates a positive impact on cardiometabolic function; however, more research is needed to understand how best to consume it to maximize the benefit while avoiding excessive fat and sugar consumption. FAU - Davison, Kade AU - Davison K AD - School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5000. FAU - Howe, Peter R C AU - Howe PR AD - School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia 2308. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20150728 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy/*metabolism/*physiopathology MH - Flavonols/*metabolism MH - Humans OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa OT - dark chocolate OT - dose response OT - metabolic syndrome OT - vascular endothelium EDAT- 2015/06/26 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/25 06:00 CRDT- 2015/06/26 06:00 PHST- 2015/06/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/06/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/25 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01492 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Nov 18;63(45):9942-7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01492. Epub 2015 Jul 28. PMID- 26089927 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20150619 LR - 20200930 IS - 1735-3955 (Print) IS - 2251-6638 (Electronic) IS - 1735-3955 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 1 DP - 2015 Jan TI - High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves blood pressure in patients with diabetes and hypertension. PG - 21-9 AB - BACKGROUND: The aim was to examine the effects of high-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate on lipid profiles, weight, blood pressure, glycemic control, and inflammation in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension. METHODS: Sixty individuals [32 in dark chocolate group (DCG) and 28 in white chocolate group (WCG)] with Type 2 diabetes on stable medication were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. Subjects were randomized to consume 25 g DCG or WCG for 8 weeks. Changes in weight, blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. This clinical trial was registered at the Iranian registry of clinical trials. RESULTS: In DCC group, compared with baseline, serum levels of Apo A-1 (P = 0.045) was increased and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.027), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (P = 0.025), Apo B (P = 0.012) and Log of hsCRP (P = 0.043) levels were decreased at the end of study. No changes were seen within the WCG in studied parameters. High polyphenol chocolate consumption compared to white chocolate resulted in significant decrease in of systolic (-5.93 +/- 6.25 vs. -1.07 +/- 7.97 mmHg, P = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (-6.4 +/- 6.25 vs. 0.17 +/- 7.9 mmHg, P = 0.002), FBS (-7.84 +/- 19.15 vs. 4.00 +/- 20.58 mg/dl, P = 0.019) over the course of 8 weeks of daily chocolate consumption neither weight nor body mass index and TG levels altered from baseline. CONCLUSION: High polyphenol chocolate is effective in improving TG levels in hypertensive patients with diabetes and decreasing blood pressure and FBS without affecting weight, inflammatory markers, insulin resistance or glycemic control. FAU - Rostami, Ali AU - Rostami A AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Khalili, Mohammad AU - Khalili M AD - Assistant Professor, Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Haghighat, Neda AU - Haghighat N AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. FAU - Eghtesadi, Shahryar AU - Eghtesadi S AD - Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Shidfar, Farzad AU - Shidfar F AD - Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Heidari, Iraj AU - Heidari I AD - Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Ebrahimpour-Koujan, Soraiya AU - Ebrahimpour-Koujan S AD - Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. FAU - Eghtesadi, Maryam AU - Eghtesadi M AD - Research Assistant, Department of Research, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Iran TA - ARYA Atheroscler JT - ARYA atherosclerosis JID - 101487337 PMC - PMC4460349 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Apolipoprotein OT - Cardiovascular Risk OT - Chocolate OT - High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol OT - Lipid Profile OT - Polyphenols OT - Type 2 Diabetes EDAT- 2015/06/20 06:00 MHDA- 2015/06/20 06:01 PMCR- 2015/01/01 CRDT- 2015/06/20 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/10/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/06/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/06/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/06/20 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2015/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ARYA-11-021 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - ARYA Atheroscler. 2015 Jan;11(1):21-9. PMID- 26042037 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20150604 LR - 20200930 IS - 1663-9812 (Print) IS - 1663-9812 (Electronic) IS - 1663-9812 (Linking) VI - 6 DP - 2015 TI - The acute and sub-chronic effects of cocoa flavanols on mood, cognitive and cardiovascular health in young healthy adults: a randomized, controlled trial. PG - 93 LID - 10.3389/fphar.2015.00093 [doi] LID - 93 AB - Cocoa supplementation has been associated with benefits to cardiovascular health. However, cocoa's effects on cognition are less clear. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial (n = 40, age M = 24.13 years, SD = 4.47 years) was conducted to investigate the effects of both acute (same-day) and sub-chronic (daily for four-weeks) 250 mg cocoa supplementation on mood and mental fatigue, cognitive performance and cardiovascular functioning in young, healthy adults. Assessment involved repeated 10-min cycles of the Cognitive Demand Battery (CDB) encompassing two serial subtraction tasks (Serial Threes and Sevens), a Rapid Visual Information Processing task, and a mental fatigue scale over the course of half an hour. The Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB) was also completed to evaluate cognition. Cardiovascular function included measuring both peripheral and central blood pressure and cerebral blood flow. At the acute time point, consumption of cocoa significantly improved self-reported mental fatigue and performance on the Serial Sevens task in cycle one of the CDB. No other significant effects were found. This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12613000626763). Accessible via http://www.anzctr.org.au/TrialSearch.aspx?searchTxt=ACTRN12613000626763&ddlSearch=Registered. FAU - Massee, Laura A AU - Massee LA AD - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Ried, Karin AU - Ried K AD - National Institute of Integrative Medicine Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Pase, Matthew AU - Pase M AD - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Travica, Nikolaj AU - Travica N AD - National Institute of Integrative Medicine Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Yoganathan, Jaesshanth AU - Yoganathan J AD - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Scholey, Andrew AU - Scholey A AD - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Macpherson, Helen AU - Macpherson H AD - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Kennedy, Greg AU - Kennedy G AD - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Sali, Avni AU - Sali A AD - National Institute of Integrative Medicine Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Pipingas, Andrew AU - Pipingas A AD - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20150520 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Pharmacol JT - Frontiers in pharmacology JID - 101548923 PMC - PMC4438591 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular OT - chocolate OT - cocoa OT - cognition OT - flavanols OT - mental fatigue OT - mood EDAT- 2015/06/05 06:00 MHDA- 2015/06/05 06:01 PMCR- 2015/05/20 CRDT- 2015/06/05 06:00 PHST- 2015/03/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/04/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/06/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/06/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/06/05 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2015/05/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fphar.2015.00093 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Pharmacol. 2015 May 20;6:93. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00093. eCollection 2015. PMID- 26034854 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160805 LR - 20171018 IS - 1532-0650 (Electronic) IS - 0002-838X (Linking) VI - 91 IP - 11 DP - 2015 Jun 1 TI - Nonpharmacologic management of hypertension: what works? PG - 772-6 AB - Hypertension is one of the most common conditions encountered in primary care. Nonpharmacologic strategies have been shown to help lower blood pressure. Lifestyle modifications are recommended for all patients with hypertension. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology lifestyle management guideline recommends a diet emphasizing vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; limiting sodium intake to less than 2,400 mg per day; and exercising three or four times per week for an average of 40 minutes per session. Other nonpharmacologic strategies include weight loss, tobacco cessation, decreased alcohol consumption, biofeedback, and self-measured blood pressure monitoring. For patients with obstructive sleep apnea, the use of continuous positive airway pressure has been shown to improve blood pressure. Dietary supplements such as garlic, cocoa, vitamin C, coenzyme Q10, omega-3 fatty acids, and magnesium have been suggested for lowering blood pressure, but evidence is lacking. FAU - Oza, Rupal AU - Oza R AD - The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. FAU - Garcellano, Miriam AU - Garcellano M AD - The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Am Fam Physician JT - American family physician JID - 1272646 RN - 0 (Sodium, Dietary) SB - IM SPIN- Am Fam Physician. 2015 Jun 1;91(11):Online. PMID: 26034862 CIN - Am Fam Physician. 2015 Sep 15;92(6):430. PMID: 26371725 MH - Alcohol Drinking MH - Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory MH - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure MH - *Diet MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/etiology/*therapy MH - *Motor Activity MH - Relaxation Therapy MH - Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications/therapy MH - Smoking Cessation MH - Sodium, Dietary/*administration & dosage MH - Weight Loss EDAT- 2015/06/04 06:00 MHDA- 2016/08/06 06:00 CRDT- 2015/06/03 06:00 PHST- 2015/06/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/06/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/08/06 06:00 [medline] AID - d11898 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Am Fam Physician. 2015 Jun 1;91(11):772-6. PMID- 26026398 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160513 LR - 20210416 IS - 1879-3649 (Electronic) IS - 1537-1891 (Linking) VI - 71 DP - 2015 Aug TI - The cardiovascular benefits of dark chocolate. PG - 11-5 LID - S1537-1891(15)00113-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vph.2015.05.011 [doi] AB - Dark chocolate contains many biologically active components, such as catechins, procyanidins and theobromine from cocoa, together with added sucrose and lipids. All of these can directly or indirectly affect the cardiovascular system by multiple mechanisms. Intervention studies on healthy and metabolically-dysfunctional volunteers have suggested that cocoa improves blood pressure, platelet aggregation and endothelial function. The effect of chocolate is more convoluted since the sucrose and lipid may transiently and negatively impact on endothelial function, partly through insulin signalling and nitric oxide bioavailability. However, few studies have attempted to dissect out the role of the individual components and have not explored their possible interactions. For intervention studies, the situation is complex since suitable placebos are often not available, and some benefits may only be observed in individuals showing mild metabolic dysfunction. For chocolate, the effects of some of the components, such as sugar and epicatechin on FMD, may oppose each other, or alternatively in some cases may act together, such as theobromine and epicatechin. Although clearly cocoa provides some cardiovascular benefits according to many human intervention studies, the exact components, their interactions and molecular mechanisms are still under debate. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Kerimi, Asimina AU - Kerimi A AD - School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. FAU - Williamson, Gary AU - Williamson G AD - School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. Electronic address: g.williamson@leeds.ac.uk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20150527 PL - United States TA - Vascul Pharmacol JT - Vascular pharmacology JID - 101130615 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Catechin/isolation & purification/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism MH - Flavonoids/isolation & purification/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Theobromine/isolation & purification/pharmacology/therapeutic use OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa OT - Endothelial dysfunction OT - Flavonoid OT - Nitric oxide OT - Theobromine EDAT- 2015/06/01 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/14 06:00 CRDT- 2015/06/01 06:00 PHST- 2015/04/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/05/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/05/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/06/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/06/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/14 06:00 [medline] AID - S1537-1891(15)00113-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vph.2015.05.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vascul Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;71:11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.05.011. Epub 2015 May 27. PMID- 26013912 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160113 LR - 20210416 IS - 1574-4647 (Electronic) IS - 0161-9152 (Print) IS - 0161-9152 (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 3 DP - 2015 Jun TI - Impact of cocoa flavanol intake on age-dependent vascular stiffness in healthy men: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial. PG - 9794 LID - 10.1007/s11357-015-9794-9 [doi] LID - 56 AB - Increased vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and isolated systolic hypertension are hallmarks of vascular aging. Regular cocoa flavanol (CF) intake can improve vascular function in healthy young and elderly at-risk individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying CF bioactivity remain largely unknown. We investigated the effects of CF intake on cardiovascular function in healthy young and elderly individuals without history, signs, or symptoms of cardiovascular disease by applying particular focus on functional endpoints relevant to cardiovascular aging. In a randomized, controlled, double-masked, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 22 young (<35 years) and 20 elderly (50-80 year) healthy, male non-smokers consumed either a CF-containing drink (450 mg CF) or nutrient-matched, CF-free control drink bi-daily for 14 days. The primary endpoint was endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Secondary endpoints included cardiac output, vascular stiffness, conductance of conduit and resistance arteries, and perfusion in the microcirculation. Following 2 weeks of CF intake, FMD improved in young (6.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.7 %, p < 0.001) and elderly (4.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.3 +/- 0.9 %, p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes demonstrated in both groups that CF intake decreased pulse wave velocity and lowered total peripheral resistance, and increased arteriolar and microvascular vasodilator capacity, red cell deformability, and diastolic blood pressure, while cardiac output remained affected. In the elderly, baseline systolic blood pressure was elevated, driven by an arterial-stiffness-related augmentation. CF intake decreased aortic augmentation index (-9 %) and thus systolic blood pressure (-7 mmHg; Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01639781). CF intake reverses age-related burden of cardiovascular risk in healthy elderly, highlighting the potential of dietary flavanols to maintain cardiovascular health. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany, christian.heiss@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R FAU - Karimi, Hakima AU - Karimi H FAU - Krabbe, Moritz AU - Krabbe M FAU - Schuler, Dominik AU - Schuler D FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A FAU - Kraemer, Thomas AU - Kraemer T FAU - Cortese-Krott, Miriam Margherita AU - Cortese-Krott MM FAU - Kuhnle, Gunter G C AU - Kuhnle GG FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E AU - Spencer JP FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H FAU - Merx, Marc W AU - Merx MW FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M CN - FLAVIOLA Consortium, European Union 7th Framework Program LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01639781 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150527 PL - Netherlands TA - Age (Dordr) JT - Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) JID - 101250497 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiac Output/drug effects MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - Erythrocyte Deformability/drug effects MH - Flavonols/*pharmacology MH - Hemodynamics/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Vascular Resistance/drug effects MH - Vascular Stiffness/*drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects PMC - PMC4444618 EDAT- 2015/05/28 06:00 MHDA- 2016/01/14 06:00 PMCR- 2015/05/27 CRDT- 2015/05/28 06:00 PHST- 2015/02/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/05/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/05/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/05/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/01/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/05/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 9794 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11357-015-9794-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Age (Dordr). 2015 Jun;37(3):9794. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9794-9. Epub 2015 May 27. PMID- 25972527 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150914 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 145 IP - 7 DP - 2015 Jul TI - Supplementation of the Pure Flavonoids Epicatechin and Quercetin Affects Some Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in (Pre)Hypertensive Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. PG - 1459-63 LID - 10.3945/jn.115.211888 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods such as cocoa and tea may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. The flavonoids epicatechin (in cocoa and tea) and quercetin (in tea) probably play a role by reducing endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, 2 main determinants of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of supplementation of pure epicatechin and quercetin on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. METHODS: Thirty-seven apparently healthy (pre)hypertensive men and women (40-80 y) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Participants ingested (-)-epicatechin (100 mg/d), quercetin-3-glucoside (160 mg/d), or placebo capsules for a period of 4 wk, in random order. Plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation were measured at the start and end of each 4-wk intervention period. The differences in changes over time between the intervention and placebo periods (Deltaintervention - Deltaplacebo) were calculated and tested with a linear mixed model for repeated measures. RESULTS: Epicatechin changed Deltaepicatechin - Deltaplacebo for soluble endothelial selectin (sE-selectin) by -7.7 ng/mL (95% CI: -14.5, -0.83; P = 0.03) but did not significantly change this difference (-0.30; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.01; P = 0.06) for the z score for endothelial dysfunction. Quercetin changed Deltaquercetin - Deltaplacebo for sE-selectin by -7.4 ng/mL (95% CI: -14.3, -0.56; P = 0.03), that for IL-1beta by -0.23 pg/mL (95% CI: -0.40, -0.06; P = 0.009), and that for the z score for inflammation by -0.33 (95% CI: -0.60, -0.05; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In (pre)hypertensive men and women, epicatechin may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of cocoa and tea through improvements in endothelial function. Quercetin may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of tea possibly by improving endothelial function and reducing inflammation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01691404. CI - (c) 2015 American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Dower, James I AU - Dower JI AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and. FAU - Geleijnse, Johanna M AU - Geleijnse JM AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and. FAU - Gijsbers, Lieke AU - Gijsbers L AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and. FAU - Schalkwijk, Casper AU - Schalkwijk C AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. FAU - Kromhout, Daan AU - Kromhout D AD - Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and. FAU - Hollman, Peter C AU - Hollman PC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7510-6809 AD - Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and peter.hollman@wur.nl. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01691404 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150513 PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (E-Selectin) RN - 0 (Interleukin-1beta) RN - 0 (Interleukin-6) RN - 0 (Interleukin-8) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) RN - 0YX10VRV6J (isoquercitrin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Atherosclerosis/blood MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism MH - Catechin/*administration & dosage MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Double-Blind Method MH - E-Selectin/blood MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/*blood MH - Interleukin-1beta/blood MH - Interleukin-6/blood MH - Interleukin-8/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prehypertension/*blood MH - Quercetin/*administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood OTO - NOTNLM OT - CVD OT - atherosclerosis OT - clinical trial OT - endothelial dysfunction OT - epicatechin OT - flavonoids OT - inflammation OT - quercetin EDAT- 2015/05/15 06:00 MHDA- 2015/09/15 06:00 CRDT- 2015/05/15 06:00 PHST- 2015/02/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/04/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/05/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/05/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/09/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0022-3166(22)08784-3 [pii] AID - 10.3945/jn.115.211888 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2015 Jul;145(7):1459-63. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.211888. Epub 2015 May 13. PMID- 25943039 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160308 LR - 20200508 IS - 1873-4847 (Electronic) IS - 0955-2863 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 7 DP - 2015 Jul TI - (-)-Epicatechin reduces blood pressure increase in high-fructose-fed rats: effects on the determinants of nitric oxide bioavailability. PG - 745-51 LID - S0955-2863(15)00065-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.004 [doi] AB - This work investigated the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin in a model of metabolic syndrome. Rats were fed a regular chow diet without (Control) or with 10% (w/v) fructose in the drinking water (high fructose, HF) for 8 weeks. A subgroup of the HF-fed rats was supplemented with (-)-epicatechin 20 mg/kg body weight (HF-EC). Dietary (-)-epicatechin reverted the increase in BP caused by the fructose treatment. In aorta, superoxide anion production and the expression of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunits p47(phox) and p22(phox) were enhanced in the HF-fed rats. The increase was prevented by (-)-epicatechin. Similar profile was observed for NOX4 expression. The activity of aorta nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was increased in the HF group and was even higher in the HF-EC rats. These effects were paralleled by increased endothelial NOS phosphorylation at the activation site Ser1177. Among the more relevant mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in vascular tissue, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase was shown to be activated in the aorta of the HF-fed rats, and (-)-epicatechin supplementation mitigated this activation. Thus, the results suggest that dietary (-)-epicatechin supplementation prevented hypertension in HF-fed rats, decreasing superoxide anion production and elevating NOS activity, favoring an increase in NO bioavailability. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Litterio, Maria C AU - Litterio MC AD - Physical Chemistry-Institute for Molecular Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL) School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina. FAU - Vazquez Prieto, Marcela A AU - Vazquez Prieto MA AD - Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina. FAU - Adamo, Ana M AU - Adamo AM AD - Department of Biological Chemistry (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina. FAU - Elesgaray, Rosana AU - Elesgaray R AD - Physiology-Institute of Drug Chemistry and Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina. FAU - Oteiza, Patricia I AU - Oteiza PI AD - Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. FAU - Galleano, Monica AU - Galleano M AD - Physical Chemistry-Institute for Molecular Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL) School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina. Electronic address: mgallean@ffyb.uba.ar. FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG AD - Physical Chemistry-Institute for Molecular Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL) School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150327 PL - United States TA - J Nutr Biochem JT - The Journal of nutritional biochemistry JID - 9010081 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - 30237-26-4 (Fructose) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos3 protein, rat) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidase 4) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidases) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (Nox4 protein, rat) RN - EC 1.6.3.1 (Cyba protein, rat) RN - EC 1.6.3.1 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Antioxidants/therapeutic use MH - Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology/metabolism/pathology MH - Catechin/*therapeutic use MH - Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*enzymology/metabolism/pathology MH - Fructose/adverse effects MH - Hypertension/etiology/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control MH - MAP Kinase Signaling System MH - Male MH - NADPH Oxidase 4 MH - NADPH Oxidases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide/*agonists/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Phosphorylation MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Superoxides/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Flavonoids OT - Fructose OT - Hypertension OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Oxidants OT - Superoxide anion EDAT- 2015/05/07 06:00 MHDA- 2016/03/10 06:00 CRDT- 2015/05/07 06:00 PHST- 2014/09/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/12/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/02/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/05/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/05/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/03/10 06:00 [medline] AID - S0955-2863(15)00065-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Jul;26(7):745-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Mar 27. PMID- 25934864 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150728 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 101 IP - 5 DP - 2015 May TI - Effects of the pure flavonoids epicatechin and quercetin on vascular function and cardiometabolic health: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. PG - 914-21 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.114.098590 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Prospective cohort studies showed inverse associations between the intake of flavonoid-rich foods (cocoa and tea) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intervention studies showed protective effects on intermediate markers of CVD. This may be due to the protective effects of the flavonoids epicatechin (in cocoa and tea) and quercetin (in tea). OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of supplementation of pure epicatechin and quercetin on vascular function and cardiometabolic health. DESIGN: Thirty-seven apparently healthy men and women aged 40-80 y with a systolic blood pressure (BP) between 125 and 160 mm Hg at screening were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. CVD risk factors were measured before and after 4 wk of daily flavonoid supplementation. Participants received (-)-epicatechin (100 mg/d), quercetin-3-glucoside (160 mg/d), or placebo capsules for 4 wk in random order. The primary outcome was the change in flow-mediated dilation from pre- to postintervention. Secondary outcomes included other markers of CVD risk and vascular function. RESULTS: Epicatechin supplementation did not change flow-mediated dilation significantly (1.1% absolute; 95% CI: -0.1%, 2.3%; P = 0.07). Epicatechin supplementation improved fasting plasma insulin (Delta insulin: -1.46 mU/L; 95% CI: -2.74, -0.18 mU/L; P = 0.03) and insulin resistance (Delta homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.01; P = 0.04) and had no effect on fasting plasma glucose. Epicatechin did not change BP (office BP and 24-h ambulatory BP), arterial stiffness, nitric oxide, endothelin 1, or blood lipid profile. Quercetin-3-glucoside supplementation had no effect on flow-mediated dilation, insulin resistance, or other CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that epicatechin may in part contribute to the cardioprotective effects of cocoa and tea by improving insulin resistance. It is unlikely that quercetin plays an important role in the cardioprotective effects of tea. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01691404. CI - (c) 2015 American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Dower, James I AU - Dower JI AD - From Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ). FAU - Geleijnse, Johanna M AU - Geleijnse JM AD - From Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ). FAU - Gijsbers, Lieke AU - Gijsbers L AD - From Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ). FAU - Zock, Peter L AU - Zock PL AD - From Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ). FAU - Kromhout, Daan AU - Kromhout D AD - From Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ). FAU - Hollman, Peter C H AU - Hollman PC AD - From Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ). LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01691404 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150225 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 0YX10VRV6J (isoquercitrin) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) SB - IM CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):897-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110205. PMID: 25832341 CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct;102(4):975-6. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.117283. PMID: 26429943 CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct;102(4):976-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.118125. PMID: 26429944 MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Catechin/*administration & dosage MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelin-1/blood MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitric Oxide/blood MH - Quercetin/*administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives MH - Tea/chemistry MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Vascular Stiffness/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - CVD OT - clinical trial OT - cocoa OT - epicatechin OT - flavonoids OT - flow-mediated dilation OT - insulin resistance OT - quercetin OT - tea OT - vascular function EDAT- 2015/05/03 06:00 MHDA- 2015/07/29 06:00 CRDT- 2015/05/03 06:00 PHST- 2014/08/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/01/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/05/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/05/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/07/29 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)27375-X [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.114.098590 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):914-21. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.098590. Epub 2015 Feb 25. PMID- 25901348 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160119 LR - 20181113 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 4 DP - 2015 TI - Chocolate and health-related quality of life: a prospective study. PG - e0123161 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123161 [doi] LID - e0123161 AB - BACKGROUND: Chocolate consumption has been associated with a short-term reduction in blood pressure and cholesterol, and improvement of insulin sensitivity; however, participants could not be aware of presenting hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, the effect of chocolate on mental health is uncertain. This study assessed the association of regular chocolate consumption with the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of health-related quality of life (HRQL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from a cohort of 4599 individuals recruited in 2008-2010 and followed-up once prospectively to January 2013 (follow-up mean: 3.5 years). Regular chocolate consumption was assessed at baseline with a validated diet history. HRQL was assessed with the SF-12 v.2 at baseline and at follow-up. Analyses were performed with linear regression and adjusted for the main confounders, including HRQL at baseline. RESULTS: At baseline, 72% of the study participants did not consume chocolate, 11% consumed 10 g/day. Chocolate consumption at baseline did not show an association with PCS and MCS of the SF-12 measured three years later. Compared to those who did not consume chocolate, the PCS scores were similar in those who consumed 10 g/day (beta: 0.02; 95% CI:-0.71 to 0.75); corresponding figures for the MCS were 0.29; 95% CI: -0.67 to 1.26, and -0.57; 95%CI: -1.37 to 0.23. Similar results were found for sex, regardless of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes or depression. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found of an association between chocolate intake and the physical or mental components of HRQL. FAU - Balboa-Castillo, Teresa AU - Balboa-Castillo T AD - Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. FAU - Lopez-Garcia, Esther AU - Lopez-Garcia E AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Leon-Munoz, Luz M AU - Leon-Munoz LM AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Perez-Tasigchana, Raul F AU - Perez-Tasigchana RF AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Banegas, Jose Ramon AU - Banegas JR AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando AU - Rodriguez-Artalejo F AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Guallar-Castillon, Pilar AU - Guallar-Castillon P AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150422 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - *Cacao MH - Eating MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Mental Health MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - *Quality of Life MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC4406590 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2015/04/23 06:00 MHDA- 2016/01/20 06:00 PMCR- 2015/04/22 CRDT- 2015/04/23 06:00 PHST- 2014/12/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/02/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/04/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/04/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/01/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/04/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-14-54620 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123161 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2015 Apr 22;10(4):e0123161. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123161. eCollection 2015. PMID- 25869509 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160513 LR - 20250529 IS - 1879-3649 (Electronic) IS - 1537-1891 (Linking) VI - 71 DP - 2015 Aug TI - Effects of high flavanol dark chocolate on cardiovascular function and platelet aggregation. PG - 70-8 LID - S1537-1891(15)00051-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.010 [doi] AB - Regular consumption of chocolate and cocoa products has been linked to reduced cardiovascular mortality. This study compared the effects of high flavanol dark chocolate (HFDC; 1064mg flavanols/day for 6weeks) and low flavanol dark chocolate (LFDC; 88mg flavanols/day for 6weeks) on blood pressure, heart rate, vascular function and platelet aggregation in men with pre-hypertension or mild hypertension. Vascular function was assessed by pulse wave analysis using radial artery applanation tonometry in combination with inhaled salbutamol (0.4mg) to assess changes due to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. HFDC did not significantly reduce blood pressure compared to baseline or LFDC. Heart rate was increased by LFDC compared to baseline, but not by HFDC. Vascular responses to salbutamol tended to be greater after HFDC. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen or the thromboxane analogue U46619 was unchanged after LFDC or HFDC, whereas both chocolates reduced responses to ADP and the thrombin receptor activator peptide, SFLLRNamide (TRAP6), relative to baseline. Pre-incubation of platelets with theobromine also attenuated platelet aggregation induced by ADP or TRAP6. We conclude that consumption of HFDC confers modest improvements in cardiovascular function. Platelet aggregation is modulated by a flavanol-independent mechanism that is likely due to theobromine. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Rull, Gurvinder AU - Rull G AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. FAU - Mohd-Zain, Zetty N AU - Mohd-Zain ZN AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. FAU - Shiel, Julian AU - Shiel J AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. FAU - Lundberg, Martina H AU - Lundberg MH AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. FAU - Collier, David J AU - Collier DJ AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. FAU - Johnston, Atholl AU - Johnston A AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. FAU - Warner, Timothy D AU - Warner TD AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. FAU - Corder, Roger AU - Corder R AD - William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address: r.corder@qmul.ac.uk. LA - eng GR - PG/11/75/29105/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150411 PL - United States TA - Vascul Pharmacol JT - Vascular pharmacology JID - 101130615 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 76898-47-0 (15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid) SB - IM MH - 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Cohort Studies MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiology MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Heart Rate/*drug effects/physiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects/physiology MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vasodilation/drug effects/physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood pressure OT - Heart rate OT - PDE inhibitor OT - Platelet OT - Prostacyclin (PubChem CID 5280427) OT - Pulse pressure amplification ratio OT - Theobromine (PubChem CID 5429) EDAT- 2015/04/15 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/14 06:00 CRDT- 2015/04/15 06:00 PHST- 2014/12/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/02/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/02/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/04/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/04/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/14 06:00 [medline] AID - S1537-1891(15)00051-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vascul Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;71:70-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.010. Epub 2015 Apr 11. PMID- 25795512 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160304 LR - 20250529 IS - 1873-4596 (Electronic) IS - 0891-5849 (Print) IS - 0891-5849 (Linking) VI - 84 DP - 2015 Jul TI - Associations between flavan-3-ol intake and CVD risk in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). PG - 1-10 LID - S0891-5849(15)00117-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.005 [doi] AB - Dietary intervention studies suggest that flavan-3-ol intake can improve vascular function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, results from prospective studies failed to show a consistent beneficial effect. Associations between flavan-3-ol intake and CVD risk in the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk) were investigated. Data were available from 24,885 (11,252 men; 13,633 women) participants, recruited between 1993 and 1997 into the EPIC-Norfolk study. Flavan-3-ol intake was assessed using 7-day food diaries and the FLAVIOLA Flavanol Food Composition database. Missing data for plasma cholesterol and vitamin C were imputed using multiple imputation. Associations between flavan-3-ol intake and blood pressure at baseline were determined using linear regression models. Associations with CVD risk were estimated using Cox regression analyses. Median intake of total flavan-3-ols was 1034mg/d (range: 0-8531mg/d) for men and 970mg/d (0-6695mg/d) for women, median intake of flavan-3-ol monomers was 233mg/d (0-3248mg/d) for men and 217 (0-2712mg/d) for women. There were no consistent associations between flavan-3-ol monomer intake and baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). After 286,147 person-years of follow-up, there were 8463 cardiovascular events and 1987 CVD related deaths; no consistent association between flavan-3-ol intake and CVD risk (HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87; 1.00; Q1 vs Q5) or mortality was observed (HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.84; 1.04). Flavan-3-ol intake in EPIC-Norfolk is not sufficient to achieve a statistically significant reduction in CVD risk. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Vogiatzoglou, Anna AU - Vogiatzoglou A AD - Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, UK. FAU - Mulligan, Angela A AU - Mulligan AA AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. FAU - Bhaniani, Amit AU - Bhaniani A AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. FAU - Lentjes, Marleen A H AU - Lentjes MAH AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. FAU - McTaggart, Alison AU - McTaggart A AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. FAU - Luben, Robert N AU - Luben RN AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Merx, Marc W AU - Merx MW AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E AU - Spencer JPE AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Germany. FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H AD - Mars, Inc., McLean, VA 22101, USA. FAU - Khaw, Kay-Tee AU - Khaw KT AD - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Kuhnle, Gunter G C AU - Kuhnle GGC AD - Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, UK; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: g.g.kuhnle@reading.ac.uk. LA - eng GR - G0401527/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom GR - G0801534/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom GR - G1000143/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom GR - G9502233/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150317 PL - United States TA - Free Radic Biol Med JT - Free radical biology & medicine JID - 8709159 RN - 0 (Cardiovascular Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Cardiovascular Agents/*administration & dosage MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality/*prevention & control MH - Diet MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Neoplasms/prevention & control MH - Proportional Hazards Models MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors PMC - PMC4503814 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardio-vascular diseases OT - EPIC Norfolk OT - Flavan-3-ols OT - Nutritional epidemiology EDAT- 2015/03/22 06:00 MHDA- 2016/03/05 06:00 PMCR- 2015/07/01 CRDT- 2015/03/22 06:00 PHST- 2014/10/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/01/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/03/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/03/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/03/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/03/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0891-5849(15)00117-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Jul;84:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.005. Epub 2015 Mar 17. PMID- 25788027 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160602 LR - 20261012 IS - 1179-1985 (Electronic) IS - 1120-9879 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 3 DP - 2015 Sep TI - Nutraceuticals and Blood Pressure Control: Results from Clinical Trials and Meta-Analyses. PG - 203-13 LID - 10.1007/s40292-015-0081-8 [doi] AB - Beyond the well-known effects on blood pressure (BP) of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diets, a large number of studies has investigated the possible BP lowering effect of different dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, the most part of them being antioxidant agents with a high tolerability and safety profile. In particular relatively large body of evidence support the use of potassium, L-arginine, vitamin C, cocoa flavonoids, beetroot juice, coenzyme Q10, controlled-release melatonin, and aged garlic extract. However there is a need for data about the long-term safety of a large part of the above discussed products. Moreover further clinical research is advisable to identify between the available active nutraceuticals those with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for a large use in general population with low-added cardiovascular risk related to uncomplicated hypertension. FAU - Cicero, Arrigo F G AU - Cicero AF AD - Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, afgcicero@cardionet.it. FAU - Colletti, Alessandro AU - Colletti A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20150319 PL - New Zealand TA - High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev JT - High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension JID - 9421087 RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Unsaturated) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Minerals) RN - 0 (Peptides) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Proteins) RN - 0 (Stilbenes) RN - 0 (Vitamins) RN - 1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone) RN - 36-88-4 (Carotenoids) RN - 50JZ5Z98QY (pycnogenols) RN - EJ27X76M46 (coenzyme Q10) RN - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) RN - JL5DK93RCL (Melatonin) RN - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol) RN - RWP5GA015D (Potassium) RN - SB0N2N0WV6 (Lycopene) SB - IM MH - Amino Acids/pharmacology MH - Beta vulgaris MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Carotenoids/pharmacology MH - Clinical Trials as Topic MH - *Dietary Supplements/adverse effects MH - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - Fruit and Vegetable Juices MH - Garlic MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control MH - Lycopene MH - Magnesium/pharmacology MH - Melatonin/pharmacology MH - Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - Minerals/pharmacology MH - Peptides/pharmacology MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Potassium/pharmacology MH - Probiotics/pharmacology MH - Proteins/pharmacology MH - Resveratrol MH - Stilbenes/pharmacology MH - Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology MH - Vitamins/pharmacology EDAT- 2015/03/20 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/03 06:00 CRDT- 2015/03/20 06:00 PHST- 2014/12/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/03/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/03/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/03/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/03 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s40292-015-0081-8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2015 Sep;22(3):203-13. doi: 10.1007/s40292-015-0081-8. Epub 2015 Mar 19. PMID- 25782129 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150827 LR - 20181023 IS - 1016-5169 (Print) IS - 1016-5169 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Mar TI - The mysterious light of dark chocolate. PG - 199-207 LID - 10.5543/tkda.2015.70360 [doi] AB - A healthy diet plays a key role in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. Dark chocolate in particular has been shown to improve endothelial functions and lipid profile and to have cardiovascular protective effects via an inhibitory action on platelet functions. Recently, several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of chocolate, primarily on hypertension and other conditions such as coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia. The present review provides a summary of the ingredients, bioavailability and cardiovascular protective effects of chocolate / cocoa and the published effects of chocolate on a number of cardiovascular diseases. FAU - Senturk, Tunay AU - Senturk T AD - Department of Cardiology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey. tunaysenturk@hotmail.com. FAU - Gunay, Seyda AU - Gunay S AD - Department of Cardiology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Turkey TA - Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars JT - Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir JID - 9426239 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage/*chemistry EDAT- 2015/03/18 06:00 MHDA- 2015/08/28 06:00 CRDT- 2015/03/18 06:00 PHST- 2015/03/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/03/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/08/28 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.5543/tkda.2015.70360 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2015 Mar;43(2):199-207. doi: 10.5543/tkda.2015.70360. PMID- 25760042 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20151208 LR - 20181113 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 3 DP - 2015 TI - Acute effects of brisk walking on sugary snack cravings in overweight people, affect and responses to a manipulated stress situation and to a sugary snack cue: a crossover study. PG - e0119278 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0119278 [doi] LID - e0119278 AB - Research has shown that acute exercise reduces urges for chocolate in normal weight people. This study aimed to examine the effects of an acute exercise bout on urges to consume sugary snacks, affect as well as 'psychological and physiological responses' to stress and a 'sugary snack cue', in overweight individuals. Following 3 days of chocolate-abstinence, 47 overweight, sugary snack consumers were assessed, in 2 randomly ordered conditions, in a within-subject design: 15-min brisk walk or passive control. Following each, participants completed 2 tasks: Stroop color-word interference task, and handling sugary snacks. Urges for sugary snacks, affective activation and valence were assessed. ANOVAs revealed significant condition x time interaction effects for: urges to consume sugary snacks, affective valence and activation. Obtained data show that exercise reduces urges for sugary snacks and attenuates urges in response to the stress situation and the cue in overweight people. FAU - Ledochowski, Larissa AU - Ledochowski L AD - Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. FAU - Ruedl, Gerhard AU - Ruedl G AD - Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. FAU - Taylor, Adrian H AU - Taylor AH AD - Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Room N32, ITTC Building, Tamar Science Park, Derriford, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8BX, United Kingdom. FAU - Kopp, Martin AU - Kopp M AD - Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Furstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20150311 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Craving MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Exercise Therapy MH - Overweight/*physiopathology/therapy MH - *Snacks MH - Walking PMC - PMC4356559 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2015/03/12 06:00 MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00 PMCR- 2015/03/11 CRDT- 2015/03/12 06:00 PHST- 2014/07/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/01/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/03/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/03/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/03/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-14-31108 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0119278 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2015 Mar 11;10(3):e0119278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119278. eCollection 2015. PMID- 25733639 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150427 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 101 IP - 3 DP - 2015 Mar TI - Cocoa flavanol consumption improves cognitive function, blood pressure control, and metabolic profile in elderly subjects: the Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) Study--a randomized controlled trial. PG - 538-48 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.114.092189 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Recent evidence has indicated that flavanol consumption may have many health benefits in humans, including improved cognitive activities. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of flavanol consumption on cognitive performance in cognitively intact elderly subjects. DESIGN: This was a double-blind, controlled, parallel-arm study conducted in 90 elderly individuals without clinical evidence of cognitive dysfunction who were randomly assigned to consume daily for 8 wk a drink containing 993 mg [high flavanol (HF)], 520 mg [intermediate flavanol (IF)], or 48 mg [low flavanol (LF)] cocoa flavanols (CFs). Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and after 8 wk by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). RESULTS: The changes in MMSE score in response to the 3 different treatments were not different. In contrast, there was a positive impact of the intervention on specific aspects of cognitive function. Mean changes (+/-SEs) in the time required to complete the TMT A and B after consumption of the HF (-8.6 +/- 0.4 and -16.5 +/- 0.8 s, respectively) and IF (-6.7 +/- 0.5 and -14.2 +/- 0.5 s, respectively) drinks significantly (P < 0.0001) differed from that after consumption of the LF drinks (-0.8 +/- 1.6 and -1.1 +/- 0.7 s, respectively). Similarly, VFT scores significantly improved among all treatment groups, but the magnitude of improvement in the VFT score was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater in the HF group (7.7 +/- 1.1 words/60 s) than in the IF (3.6 +/- 1.2 words/60 s) and LF (1.3 +/- 0.5 words/60 s) groups. Significantly different improvements in insulin resistance (P < 0.0001), blood pressure (P < 0.0001), and lipid peroxidation (P = 0.001) were also observed for the HF and IF groups in comparison with the LF group. Changes in insulin resistance explained approximately 17% of changes in composite z score (partial r(2) = 0.1703, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This dietary intervention study provides evidence that regular CF consumption can reduce some measures of age-related cognitive dysfunction, possibly through an improvement in insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that the habitual intake of flavanols can support healthy cognitive function with age. CI - (c) 2015 American Society for Nutrition. FAU - Mastroiacovo, Daniela AU - Mastroiacovo D AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Kwik-Uribe, Catherine AU - Kwik-Uribe C AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Necozione S AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Raffaele, Angelo AU - Raffaele A AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Pistacchio, Luana AU - Pistacchio L AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Righetti, Roberta AU - Righetti R AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Bocale, Raffaella AU - Bocale R AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Lechiara, Maria Carmela AU - Lechiara MC AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Marini, Carmine AU - Marini C AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G AD - From the Geriatric Unit (DM, AR, LP, RR, MCL, and GD) and the Alzheimer's Unit (MCL and GD), "SS Filippo e Nicola" Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Mars, Inc., Mclean, VA (CK-U); the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, SN, CM, CF, and GD); and Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy (RB). LA - eng SI - ISRCTN/ISRCTN68970511 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141217 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Nootropic Agents) SB - IM CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Mar;101(3):423-4. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.106146. PMID: 25733624 MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Aging MH - Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use MH - Beverages/adverse effects MH - Cacao/adverse effects/*chemistry MH - Cognition MH - Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Cohort Studies MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Dairy Products/adverse effects MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonols/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy/drug therapy/metabolism MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Lipid Peroxidation MH - Male MH - Nootropic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use PMC - PMC4340060 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood pressure OT - cocoa flavanols OT - cognitive function OT - insulin resistance OT - lipid peroxidation EDAT- 2015/03/04 06:00 MHDA- 2015/04/29 06:00 PMCR- 2014/12/17 CRDT- 2015/03/04 06:00 PHST- 2015/03/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/03/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/04/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/12/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0002-9165(23)27311-6 [pii] AID - 092189 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.114.092189 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Mar;101(3):538-48. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.092189. Epub 2014 Dec 17. PMID- 27417759 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20160715 LR - 20201001 IS - 2227-9032 (Print) IS - 2227-9032 (Electronic) IS - 2227-9032 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Apr 15 TI - NADPH Oxidase Activity in Cerebral Arterioles Is a Key Mediator of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease-Implications for Prevention. PG - 233-51 LID - 10.3390/healthcare3020233 [doi] AB - Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a common feature of brain aging, is characterized by lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, leukoaraiosis, and a leaky blood-brain barrier. Functionally, it is associated with cognitive decline, dementia, depression, gait abnormalities, and increased risk for stroke. Cerebral arterioles in this syndrome tend to hypertrophy and lose their capacity for adaptive vasodilation. Rodent studies strongly suggest that activation of Nox2-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is a crucial driver of these structural and functional derangements of cerebral arterioles, in part owing to impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. This oxidative stress may also contribute to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier seen in SVD. Hypertension, aging, metabolic syndrome, smoking, hyperglycemia, and elevated homocysteine may promote activation of NADPH oxidase in cerebral arterioles. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase with phycocyanobilin from spirulina, as well as high-dose statin therapy, may have potential for prevention and control of SVD, and high-potassium diets merit study in this regard. Measures which support effective eNOS activity in other ways-exercise training, supplemental citrulline, certain dietary flavonoids (as in cocoa and green tea), and capsaicin, may also improve the function of cerebral arterioles. Asian epidemiology suggests that increased protein intakes may decrease risk for SVD; conceivably, arginine and/or cysteine-which boosts tissue glutathione synthesis, and can be administered as N-acetylcysteine-mediate this benefit. Ameliorating the risk factors for SVD-including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, smoking, and elevated homocysteine-also may help to prevent and control this syndrome, although few clinical trials have addressed this issue to date. FAU - McCarty, Mark F AU - McCarty MF AD - Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA. markfmccarty@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20150415 PL - Switzerland TA - Healthcare (Basel) JT - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101666525 PMC - PMC4939544 OTO - NOTNLM OT - NADPH oxidase OT - Nox2 OT - arginine OT - cerebral small vessel disease OT - cysteine OT - eNOS OT - hypertension OT - potassium OT - spirulina EDAT- 2015/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 2015/01/01 00:01 PMCR- 2015/04/15 CRDT- 2016/07/16 06:00 PHST- 2014/12/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/03/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/04/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/07/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/01/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2015/04/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - healthcare3020233 [pii] AID - healthcare-03-00233 [pii] AID - 10.3390/healthcare3020233 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Healthcare (Basel). 2015 Apr 15;3(2):233-51. doi: 10.3390/healthcare3020233. PMID- 25551798 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150831 LR - 20161125 IS - 1473-6535 (Electronic) IS - 0957-9672 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 1 DP - 2015 Feb TI - Flavan-3-ols, theobromine, and the effects of cocoa and chocolate on cardiometabolic risk factors. PG - 10-9 LID - 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000144 [doi] AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although there is growing interest surrounding the potential health benefits of cocoa and chocolate, the relative contribution of bioactive constituents for these effects remains unclear. This review summarizes the recent research on the cardiometabolic effects of cocoa and chocolate with a focus on two key constituents: flavan-3-ols and theobromine. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent meta-analyses suggest beneficial cardiometabolic effects of chocolate following short-term intake, including improvements in flow-mediated dilatation, blood pressure, lipoprotein levels and biomarkers of insulin resistance. Flavan-3-ols may play a role, but it is currently unclear which specific compounds or metabolites are key. Theobromine has also been shown to improve lipoprotein levels in trials, although these findings need verification at habitual intake levels. Longer term dose-response randomized controlled trials are required to determine the sustainability of the short-term effects and the optimal dose. Quantifying levels of bioactives in intervention products and their metabolites in biological samples will facilitate the assessment of their relative impact and the underlying mechanisms of action. SUMMARY: Promising data support the beneficial cardiometabolic effects of cocoa and chocolate intake, with significant interest in the flavan-3-ol and theobromine content. Validated biomarkers of intake together with more relevant mechanistic insights from experimental models using physiologically relevant concentrations and metabolites will continue to inform this research field. FAU - Berends, Lindsey M AU - Berends LM AD - Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK *Lindsey M. Berends and Vera van der Velpen contributed equally to the writing of this article. FAU - van der Velpen, Vera AU - van der Velpen V FAU - Cassidy, Aedin AU - Cassidy A LA - eng GR - BB/J004545/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - England TA - Curr Opin Lipidol JT - Current opinion in lipidology JID - 9010000 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Biomedical Research/trends MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects/*metabolism MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Risk Factors MH - Theobromine/*pharmacology EDAT- 2015/01/01 06:00 MHDA- 2015/09/01 06:00 CRDT- 2015/01/01 06:00 PHST- 2015/01/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/01/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/09/01 06:00 [medline] AID - 00041433-201502000-00004 [pii] AID - 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000144 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Opin Lipidol. 2015 Feb;26(1):10-9. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000144. PMID- 25530151 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20151123 LR - 20250210 IS - 1873-4596 (Electronic) IS - 0891-5849 (Linking) VI - 80 DP - 2015 Mar TI - Interactions between cocoa flavanols and inorganic nitrate: additive effects on endothelial function at achievable dietary amounts. PG - 121-8 LID - S0891-5849(14)01406-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.009 [doi] AB - Dietary intervention studies have shown that flavanols and inorganic nitrate can improve vascular function, suggesting that these two bioactives may be responsible for beneficial health effects of diets rich in fruits and vegetables. We aimed to study interactions between cocoa flavanols (CF) and nitrate, focusing on absorption, bioavailability, excretion, and efficacy to increase endothelial function. In a double-blind randomized, dose-response crossover study, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in 15 healthy subjects before and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after consumption of CF (1.4-10.9 mg/kg bw) or nitrate (0.1-10 mg/kg bw). To study flavanol-nitrate interactions, an additional intervention trial was performed with nitrate and CF taken in sequence at low and high amounts. FMD was measured before (0 h) and at 1h after ingestion of nitrate (3 or 8.5 mg/kg bw) or water. Then subjects received a CF drink (2.7 or 10.9 mg/kg bw) or a micro- and macronutrient-matched CF-free drink. FMD was measured at 1, 2, and 4 h thereafter. Blood and urine samples were collected and assessed for CF and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites with HPLC and gas-phase reductive chemiluminescence. Finally, intragastric formation of NO after CF and nitrate consumption was investigated. Both CF and nitrate induced similar intake-dependent increases in FMD. Maximal values were achieved at 1 h postingestion and gradually decreased to reach baseline values at 4 h. These effects were additive at low intake levels, whereas CF did not further increase FMD after high nitrate intake. Nitrate did not affect flavanol absorption, bioavailability, or excretion, but CF enhanced nitrate-related gastric NO formation and attenuated the increase in plasma nitrite after nitrate intake. Both flavanols and inorganic nitrate can improve endothelial function in healthy subjects at intake amounts that are achievable with a normal diet. Even low dietary intake of these bioactives may exert relevant effects on endothelial function when ingested together. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, and. Electronic address: ana.rodriguez-mateos@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. FAU - Hezel, Michael AU - Hezel M AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Aydin, Hilal AU - Aydin H AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, and. FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, and; Cardiovascular Research Institute Dusseldorf, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany. FAU - Lundberg, Jon O AU - Lundberg JO AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Weitzberg, Eddie AU - Weitzberg E AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E AU - Spencer JP AD - Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AD - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, and. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141218 PL - United States TA - Free Radic Biol Med JT - Free radical biology & medicine JID - 8709159 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Nitrates) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Brachial Artery/drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - *Flavonoids/administration & dosage/blood/urine MH - Gastric Mucosa/metabolism MH - *Nitrates/administration & dosage/blood/urine MH - Nitric Oxide/analysis/metabolism MH - *Vasodilation/drug effects/physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bioavailability OT - Cocoa flavanols OT - Endothelial function OT - Free radicals OT - Interactions OT - NO OT - Nitrate EDAT- 2014/12/23 06:00 MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/12/23 06:00 PHST- 2014/10/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/12/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/12/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0891-5849(14)01406-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Mar;80:121-8. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.009. Epub 2014 Dec 18. PMID- 25519917 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160229 LR - 20181202 IS - 1439-0221 (Electronic) IS - 0032-0943 (Linking) VI - 81 IP - 8 DP - 2015 Jun TI - Modulation of Calcium Signaling of Angiotensin AT1, Endothelin ETA, and ETB Receptors by Silibinin, Quercetin, Crocin, Diallyl Sulfides, and Ginsenoside Rb1. PG - 670-8 LID - 10.1055/s-0034-1383408 [doi] AB - Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 are potent vasoconstrictive peptides that play a central role in blood pressure regulation. Both peptides exert their pleiotropic effects via binding to their respective G-protein-coupled receptors, i.e., angiotensin AT1 and endothelin type A and type B receptors. In the present study, we have selected six structurally different plant-derived compounds with known cardioprotective properties to evaluate their ability to modulate calcium signaling of the above-mentioned receptors. For this purpose, we used and validated a cellular luminescence-based read-out system in which we measured intracellular calcium signaling in Chinese hamster ovary cells that express the calcium sensitive apo-aequorin protein. Firstly, silibinin, a flavanolignan that occurs in milk thistle (Silybum marianum), was investigated and found to be an antagonist for the human angiotensin AT1 receptor with an affinity constant of about 9 microM, while it had no effect on endothelin type A or type B receptor activation. Quercetin and crocin partially impeded intracellular calcium signaling resulting in a non-receptor-related reduction of the responses recorded for the three investigated G-protein-coupled receptors. Two organosulfur compounds, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, as well as the triterpene saponin ginsenoside Rb1 did not affect the activation of the angiotensin AT1 and endothelin type A and type B receptors. In conclusion, we were able, by using a nonradioactive cellular read-out system, to identify a novel pharmacological property of the flavanolignan silibinin. CI - Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York. FAU - Bahem, Ruba AU - Bahem R AD - Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Hoffmann, Anja AU - Hoffmann A AD - Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Azonpi, Arnaud AU - Azonpi A AD - Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Caballero-George, Catherina AU - Caballero-George C AD - Unit of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services, Clayton, Panama, Republic Panama. FAU - Vanderheyden, Patrick AU - Vanderheyden P AD - Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141217 PL - Germany TA - Planta Med JT - Planta medica JID - 0066751 RN - 0 (Allyl Compounds) RN - 0 (Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists) RN - 0 (Angiotensins) RN - 0 (Endothelin Receptor Antagonists) RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (Endothelins) RN - 0 (Ginsenosides) RN - 0 (Receptors, Angiotensin) RN - 0 (Receptors, Endothelin) RN - 0 (Silymarin) RN - 0 (Sulfides) RN - 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II) RN - 36-88-4 (Carotenoids) RN - 4RKY41TBTF (Silybin) RN - 60G7CF7CWZ (allyl sulfide) RN - 7413S0WMH6 (ginsenoside Rb1) RN - 877GWI46C2 (crocin) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) SB - IM MH - Allyl Compounds/pharmacology MH - Angiotensin II/drug effects MH - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/*pharmacology MH - Angiotensins/drug effects MH - Animals MH - CHO Cells MH - Calcium Signaling/*drug effects MH - Carotenoids/pharmacology MH - Cricetinae MH - Cricetulus MH - Endothelin Receptor Antagonists/*pharmacology MH - Endothelin-1/drug effects MH - Endothelins/*drug effects MH - Female MH - Ginsenosides/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Quercetin/pharmacology MH - Receptors, Angiotensin/drug effects MH - Receptors, Endothelin/drug effects MH - Silybin MH - Silymarin/*pharmacology MH - Sulfides/pharmacology EDAT- 2014/12/19 06:00 MHDA- 2016/03/02 06:00 CRDT- 2014/12/19 06:00 PHST- 2014/12/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/03/02 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1055/s-0034-1383408 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Planta Med. 2015 Jun;81(8):670-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383408. Epub 2014 Dec 17. PMID- 25493193 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20141210 LR - 20220318 IS - 2048-7177 (Print) IS - 2048-7177 (Electronic) IS - 2048-7177 (Linking) VI - 2 IP - 6 DP - 2014 Nov TI - Reduction in blood pressure and serum lipids by lycosome formulation of dark chocolate and lycopene in prehypertension. PG - 744-50 LID - 10.1002/fsn3.169 [doi] AB - Twenty-nine healthy volunteers aged 47-69 years old were randomly assigned to a 28-day oral intake of different dark chocolate (DC) formulations. The main group received daily 30 g of proprietary lycopene-containing (L-tug) lycosome formulation of DC with enhanced bioavailability of cocoa flavanols. Two control groups daily consumed either 30 g of regular DC alone or along with 7 mg of lycopene, which corresponds to the amount of lycopene ingested with L-tug formulation. It was found that L-tug was more efficient in reducing diastolic blood pressure (mean value of -6.22 mmHg, 95% CI: 5.00, 8.00) when compared with the regular DC group (-3.00 mmHg, P < 0.05) or the group which ingested the DC and lycopene as two separate formulations (mean reduction of -4 mmHg, 95% CI: 2.47, 6.00, P = 0.0262). Only marginal superiority for L-tug formulation in the reduction in systolic blood pressure was seen. However, the L-tug formulation was the only formulation of DC which affected serum lipids. There was a reduction in total cholesterol (from median 228.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 206.2, 242.5] to 187.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 166.2, 202.2, P < 0.05]) with corresponding decline of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (from a median of 166.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 130.8, 177.0] to 151.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 122.8, 167.4; P < 0.05]) at the end of the intervention period. Similar decline was seen in serum triglycerides (P < 0.05). Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP) values remained statistically unchanged in all study groups throughout the intervention period. A superior biological activity of the L-tug lycosome formulation of DC extending beyond its antihypertensive effect to lipid-lowering ability opens up new possibilities for the use of DC for health purposes helping to reduce daily caloric intake without compromising on the health benefits of DC consumption. FAU - Petyaev, Ivan M AU - Petyaev IM AD - Lycotec Ltd Granta Park Campus, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, United Kingdom. FAU - Dovgalevsky, Pavel Y AU - Dovgalevsky PY AD - Institute of Cardiology 12 Chernyshevskogo Str, Saratov, 410028, Russia. FAU - Chalyk, Natalia E AU - Chalyk NE AD - Institute of Cardiology 12 Chernyshevskogo Str, Saratov, 410028, Russia. FAU - Klochkov, Victor AU - Klochkov V AD - Institute of Cardiology 12 Chernyshevskogo Str, Saratov, 410028, Russia. FAU - Kyle, Nigel H AU - Kyle NH AD - Lycotec Ltd Granta Park Campus, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, United Kingdom. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20140917 PL - United States TA - Food Sci Nutr JT - Food science & nutrition JID - 101605473 PMC - PMC4256580 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dark chocolate OT - lycopene OT - prehypertension OT - serum lipids EDAT- 2014/12/11 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/11 06:01 PMCR- 2014/11/01 CRDT- 2014/12/11 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/08/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/08/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/11 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2014/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1002/fsn3.169 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Sci Nutr. 2014 Nov;2(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.169. Epub 2014 Sep 17. PMID- 25489410 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20141209 LR - 20220317 IS - 1976-1457 (Print) IS - 2005-6168 (Electronic) IS - 1976-1457 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 6 DP - 2014 Dec TI - Changes in body weight, blood pressure and selected metabolic biomarkers with an energy-restricted diet including twice daily sweet snacks and once daily sugar-free beverage. PG - 695-704 LID - 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.695 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The type of sweet snack incorporated into an energy-restricted diet (ERD) may produce differential effects on metabolic improvements associated with body weight (BW) loss. This study compared effects of incorporating either twice daily energy-controlled dark chocolate snacks plus once daily sugar-free cocoa beverage (DC) to non-chocolate snacks plus sugar-free non-cocoa beverage (NC) into an ERD on BW loss and metabolic outcomes. MATERIALS/METHODS: In an 18-week randomized comparative trial, 60 overweight/obese premenopausal women were assigned to DC (n = 30) or NC group (n = 30). Dietary intake was measured at baseline and week 18, and BW, anthropometrics, blood pressure (BP) and serum glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations were measured at baseline, and weeks 6, 12 and 18. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Using intention-to-treat analysis, women in DC and NC groups reduced energy intake (both P < 0.001) and lost 4.4 +/- 0.6 kg and 5.0 +/- 0.9 kg (both P < 0.001), respectively. Both groups lowered systolic and diastolic BP [DC = 2.7 (P < 0.05), 2.7 (P < 0.01); NC = 3.4 (P < 0.01), 4.2 (P < 0.01) mmHg, respectively]. Glucose and insulin concentrations decreased by 0.72 mmol/L (P < 0.001) and 13.20 pmol/L (P < 0.01) in DC group and by 0.83 mmol/L (P < 0.001) and 13.20 pmol/L (P < 0.01), respectively, in NC group. Total cholesterol increased in NC group (P < 0.05), with no significant lipid changes in DC group. There were no significant differences in biomarker outcomes between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight/obese premenopausal women following an 18-week ERD that included either DC or NC sweet snack and sugar-free beverage lost equivalent amounts of BW and improved BP measurements and glucose and insulin concentrations. FAU - Nickols-Richardson, Sharon M AU - Nickols-Richardson SM AD - Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 260A Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin Ave.Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FAU - Piehowski, Kathryn E AU - Piehowski KE AD - Dietitian, 924 Washington St. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. FAU - Metzgar, Catherine J AU - Metzgar CJ AD - Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 260A Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin Ave.Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FAU - Miller, Debra L AU - Miller DL AD - The Hershey Company, 1025 Reese Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. FAU - Preston, Amy G AU - Preston AG AD - The Hershey Company, 1025 Reese Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20141105 PL - Korea (South) TA - Nutr Res Pract JT - Nutrition research and practice JID - 101311052 PMC - PMC4252530 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa OT - dark chocolate OT - dietary intervention OT - obesity OT - randomized comparative trial EDAT- 2014/12/10 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/10 06:01 PMCR- 2014/12/01 CRDT- 2014/12/10 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/06/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/06/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/10 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2014/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.695 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Res Pract. 2014 Dec;8(6):695-704. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.695. Epub 2014 Nov 5. PMID- 25441094 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160309 LR - 20260128 IS - 1742-7843 (Electronic) IS - 1742-7835 (Linking) VI - 117 IP - 1 DP - 2015 Jul TI - Dietary flavonoids added to pharmacological antihypertensive therapy are effective in improving blood pressure. PG - 57-64 LID - 10.1111/bcpt.12360 [doi] AB - Epidemiological studies have suggested that the daily intake of flavonoids is associated with a decreased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of the addition of dietary flavonoids (DF) to antihypertensive treatment (AHT), based on telmisartan (Tms) or captopril (Cpr), on blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, leptin, lipid profile and inflammation in hypertensive young patients. An open-label, randomized, controlled trial was performed among 79 patients aged 20-55 years with grade I or grade II systemic arterial hypertension. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups for AHT plus DF during 6 months: Cpr (n = 14), Cpr + DF (n = 19), Tms (n = 25) and Tms + DF (n = 21). DF consisted of dark chocolate, dehydrated red apple and green tea in an infusion to obtain a daily dose of 425.8 +/- 13.9 mg epicatechin equivalents. The BP and anthropometric parameters were measured every 2 weeks. Lipid profile, leptin and hsCRP were determined by standard methods. The combination AHT-DF produced an additional and significant reduction in (i) SBP/DBP of -5/-4 mmHg, being -7/-5 for Cpr + DF and -4/-3 for Tms + DF; (ii) triglyceride levels (-30.6%) versus AHT alone (-9.6%); and (iii) leptin: Cpr + DF versus Tms + DF (p < 0.005). Finally, C-reactive protein plasma levels were reduced significantly in all groups independently of the applied treatment. We conclude that the addition of flavonoids to pharmacological antihypertensive therapy shows additional benefits on BP, lipid profile, leptin, obesity and inflammation. CI - (c) 2014 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society). FAU - de Jesus Romero-Prado, Marina Maria AU - de Jesus Romero-Prado MM AD - Department of Physiology, INTEC, Universitary Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. AD - University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Curiel-Beltran, Jesus Aaron AU - Curiel-Beltran JA AD - University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. AD - Department of Medical Sciences, Coast Universitary Center (CUCosta), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Miramontes-Espino, Maria Viviana AU - Miramontes-Espino MV AD - Department of Physiology, INTEC, Universitary Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. AD - University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Cardona-Munoz, Ernesto German AU - Cardona-Munoz EG AD - Department of Physiology, INTEC, Universitary Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Rios-Arellano, Angeles AU - Rios-Arellano A AD - Cardiology Service, Mexican Institute of Health Security, Regional Hospital No. 45, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. FAU - Balam-Salazar, Lol-Be AU - Balam-Salazar LB AD - Clinical Analysis Laboratory, IMSS Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141229 PL - England TA - Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol JT - Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology JID - 101208422 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Benzimidazoles) RN - 0 (Benzoates) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Leptin) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) RN - 9G64RSX1XD (Captopril) RN - U5SYW473RQ (Telmisartan) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Benzimidazoles/*therapeutic use MH - Benzoates/*therapeutic use MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism MH - Cacao MH - Candy MH - Captopril/*therapeutic use MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - *Diet MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Fruit MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/blood/diagnosis/*diet therapy/*drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Leptin/blood MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Malus MH - Mexico MH - Middle Aged MH - Tea MH - Telmisartan MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2014/12/03 06:00 MHDA- 2016/03/10 06:00 CRDT- 2014/12/03 06:00 PHST- 2014/05/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/11/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/03/10 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1111/bcpt.12360 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015 Jul;117(1):57-64. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12360. Epub 2014 Dec 29. PMID- 25436866 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20150116 LR - 20141202 IS - 1868-1891 (Electronic) IS - 1868-1883 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 3 DP - 2013 Dec TI - Ovariectomy lowers urine levels of unconjugated (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and their methylated metabolites in rats fed grape seed extract. PG - 129-38 LID - /j/hmbci.2013.16.issue-3/hmbci-2013-0044/hmbci-2013-0044.xml [pii] LID - 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0044 [doi] AB - Abstract Steroid hormones modulate expression of enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics, including dietary supplements. Half of the human population undergoes menopause, yet the effect of this age-related loss of ovarian steroid hormones on the metabolism of dietary supplements has yet to be determined. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a dietary supplement comprised of monomeric and oligomeric catechins and has health benefits in models of age-related diseases. We hypothesized that surgically-induced loss of ovarian hormones would increase methylation, glucuronidation, and/or sulfation of the grape seed polyphenols (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. Fourteen-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-OVX. At 17 weeks of age, SHRs were gavaged with vehicle (water) or GSE (300 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 6 days. Urinary excretion of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and their metabolites was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although total urinary output of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and their methylated metabolites was unaffected by OVX, the amounts of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and their methylated metabolites that were not conjugated with glucuronic acid or sulfate were lowered by OVX. Specifically, urine from OVX SHRs administered GSE contained 30% higher proportions (91.8% vs. 62.3%) of glucuronidated (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin and glucuronidated methyl (+)-catechin and methyl (-)-epicatechin than urine from sham-OVX SHRs. However, there were no differences in urinary levels of total methylated or sulfated catechins in OVX SHRs. This is the first quantitative characterization of metabolites of grape seed polyphenols in a model of menopause; it indicates that ovariectomy causes either an increase in expression and/or activity of select uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase(s). FAU - Cutts, John K AU - Cutts JK FAU - Peavy, Thomas R AU - Peavy TR FAU - Moore, Doyle R AU - Moore DR FAU - Prasain, Jeevan AU - Prasain J FAU - Barnes, Stephen AU - Barnes S FAU - Kim, Helen AU - Kim H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Germany TA - Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig JT - Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation JID - 101538885 EDAT- 2014/12/02 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/02 06:01 CRDT- 2014/12/02 06:00 PHST- 2013/08/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/10/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/02 06:01 [medline] AID - /j/hmbci.2013.16.issue-3/hmbci-2013-0044/hmbci-2013-0044.xml [pii] AID - 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0044 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2013 Dec;16(3):129-38. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0044. PMID- 25429467 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20191120 IS - 0043-3144 (Print) IS - 2309-5830 (Electronic) IS - 0043-3144 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 4 DP - 2014 Aug TI - Short term effects of cocoa consumption on blood pressure. PG - 312-7 LID - 10.7727/wimj.2013.273 [doi] AB - Hypertension, defined as diastolic pressure >/= 90 mmHg and systolic pressure >/= 140 mmHg, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among black populations globally. Several studies have shown that prolonged consumption of cocoa or cocoa containing products leads to decreased blood pressure (BP) in hypertensives. In this study, we investigated the flavonoid content of the top selling cocoa/cocoa based products in Trinidad and Tobago and attempted to determine if consumption of cocoa had any immediate impact on blood pressure levels. The flavonoid content of three 100% cocoa powder products and four cocoa based formulas was measured using a modified Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The brand with the highest flavonoid content, 372 gallic acid equivalents, was selected to evaluate the short-term impact of cocoa consumption on blood pressure. Thirty-six participants comprising nineteen hypertensives and seventeen persons with normal blood pressure had their blood pressure recorded on three separate days using ambulatory blood pressure monitors; the blood pressure was recorded every half hour for eight hours. On the first day, the participants received no intervention but on the second and third days, they received either the intervention (5 g cocoa in 125 ml water) or a placebo, in any order. Statistical analysis conducted using t-test statistic and a 95% confidence interval revealed that whether participants regularly took antihypertensive medication or not, a single intervention of cocoa induced decreases in both the diastolic and systolic BPs that were significant (p = 0.0001). Mean decreases of between 8 mmHg and 18 mmHg were observed. FAU - Alleyne, T AU - Alleyne T AD - Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. trevor.alleyne@gmail.com. FAU - Alleyne, A AU - Alleyne A AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Arrindell, D AU - Arrindell D AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Balleram, N AU - Balleram N AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Cozier, D AU - Cozier D AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Haywood, R AU - Haywood R AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Humphrey, C AU - Humphrey C AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Pran, L AU - Pran L AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Rampersad, K AU - Rampersad K AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Reyes, D AU - Reyes D AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Bahall, S AU - Bahall S AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Holder, R AU - Holder R AD - School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. FAU - Ignacio, D AU - Ignacio D AD - School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20131202 PL - Jamaica TA - West Indian Med J JT - The West Indian medical journal JID - 0417410 SB - IM PMC - PMC4663928 EDAT- 2014/11/28 06:00 MHDA- 2014/11/28 06:01 PMCR- 2015/08/01 CRDT- 2014/11/28 06:00 PHST- 2013/10/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/10/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/11/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/11/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/11/28 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2015/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - wimj.2013.273 [pii] AID - 10.7727/wimj.2013.273 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - West Indian Med J. 2014 Aug;63(4):312-7. doi: 10.7727/wimj.2013.273. Epub 2013 Dec 2. PMID- 25380152 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160401 LR - 20220408 IS - 1473-5598 (Electronic) IS - 0263-6352 (Linking) VI - 33 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Feb TI - Cocoa consumption dose-dependently improves flow-mediated dilation and arterial stiffness decreasing blood pressure in healthy individuals. PG - 294-303 LID - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000412 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cocoa flavonoids exert beneficial vascular effects and reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the involved mechanisms have not been clarified and no study has yet focused on the dose-response effects. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of cocoa flavonoids on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), endothelin-1 (ET-1), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and SBP and DBP. DESIGN: According to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over design, 20 healthy volunteers (1.5% improvement in FMD in 20 individuals: 0.99 at alpha = 0.05) were assigned to receive either five treatments with daily intake of 10 g cocoa (0, 80, 200, 500 and 800 mg cocoa flavonoids/day) in five periods lasting 1 week each. RESULTS: Cocoa dose-dependently increased FMD from 6.2% (control) to 7.3, 7.6, 8.1 and 8.2% after the different flavonoid doses, respectively (P < 0.0001). Compared with the control, even 80 mg cocoa flavonoids per day increased FMD (P < 0.0001). Cocoa dose-dependently decreased PWV (P < 0.0001). Cocoa intake decreased office blood pressure (BP) (SBP: -4.8 +/- 1.03 mmHg, P < 0.0001; DBP: -3.03 +/- 1.07 mmHg, P = 0.0011). With respect to control, cocoa ingestion decreased 24-h (P = 0.05) and daytime (P = 0.038) SBP, and 24-h (P = 0.0064), daytime (P = 0.0088) and night-time (P = 0.0352) pulse pressure. Compared with the control, cocoa dose-dependently decreased ET-1 levels [from 17.1 (control) to 15.2, 14.5, 14.2 and 14.1 pg/ml, after the different flavonoid doses, respectively (P for treatment <0.05)]. Compared with the control, significant changes were observed for all doses of flavonoids (ET-1; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed for the first time that cocoa dose-dependently improved FMD and decreased PWV and ET-1 also by ameliorating office and monitored BP. Our findings are clinically relevant, suggesting cocoa, with very low calorie intake, might be reasonably incorporated into a dietary approach, representing a consistent tool in cardiovascular prevention. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - aDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy bBarry Callebaut, Lebbeke-Wieze, Belgium. FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Necozione S FAU - di Giosia, Paolo AU - di Giosia P FAU - Barnabei, Remo AU - Barnabei R FAU - Allegaert, Leen AU - Allegaert L FAU - Bernaert, Herwig AU - Bernaert H FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - Netherlands TA - J Hypertens JT - Journal of hypertension JID - 8306882 RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory MH - *Cacao MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelin-1/blood MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/analysis MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Lipid Metabolism/drug effects MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Preparations/administration & dosage/chemistry MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Vascular Stiffness/*drug effects EDAT- 2014/11/08 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/02 06:00 CRDT- 2014/11/08 06:00 PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/02 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000412 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Hypertens. 2015 Feb;33(2):294-303. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000412. PMID- 25361437 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150914 LR - 20171116 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 1 DP - 2015 Jan TI - (-)-Epicatechin prevents alterations in the metabolism of superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the hearts of L-NAME-treated rats. PG - 155-61 LID - 10.1039/c4fo00554f [doi] AB - The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of (-)-epicatechin administration in the heart of a rat model with reduced NO production that follows a short-term treatment with L-NAME. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 4 d with L-NAME in the absence or presence of (-)-epicatechin in the diet. The redox status in cardiac tissue was improved by (-)-epicatechin administration. L-NAME treatment induced a decrease in NO synthase activity (-62%, p<0.05) and an increase in NADPH-dependent superoxide anion production (+300%, p<0.05) that were totally prevented by (-)-epicatechin administration. These effects of (-)-epicatechin were associated with a higher endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation at an activation site and a reduced expression of the regulatory subunit, p47(phox), suggesting the involvement of posttranslational mechanisms in (-)-epicatechin action. Thus, the (-)-epicatechin treatment would restore NO steady state levels in vivo through effects on both, its synthesis and degradation via the reaction with superoxide anion. The fact that (-)-epicatechin is commonly present in human diet makes this compound a reasonable explanation for the positive cardiovascular effects of a high consumption of fruits and vegetables. FAU - Piotrkowski, Barbara AU - Piotrkowski B AD - Physical Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (IBIMOL) - CONICET, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. barbara@ffyb.uba.ar. FAU - Calabro, Valeria AU - Calabro V FAU - Galleano, Monica AU - Galleano M FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141031 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos3 protein, rat) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidases) RN - EC 1.6.3.1 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Catechin/*therapeutic use MH - Coronary Vessels/enzymology/metabolism MH - Dietary Supplements MH - *Disease Models, Animal MH - Enzyme Activation MH - Fruit/chemistry MH - Heart Ventricles/*enzymology/metabolism MH - Hypertension/enzymology/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Male MH - NADPH Oxidases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester MH - Nitric Oxide/agonists/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Phosphorylation MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Stereoisomerism MH - Superoxides/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism MH - Vegetables/chemistry EDAT- 2014/11/02 06:00 MHDA- 2015/09/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/11/01 06:00 PHST- 2014/11/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/11/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/09/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1039/c4fo00554f [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2015 Jan;6(1):155-61. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00554f. Epub 2014 Oct 31. PMID- 25311633 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150730 LR - 20250529 IS - 1879-0844 (Electronic) IS - 1388-9842 (Print) IS - 1388-9842 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 12 DP - 2014 Dec TI - Chocolate consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study. PG - 1372-6 LID - 10.1002/ejhf.180 [doi] AB - AIMS: To test the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively studied 20 278 men from the Physicians' Health Study. Chocolate consumption was assessed between 1999 and 2002 via a self-administered food frequency questionnaire and HF was ascertained through annual follow-up questionnaires with validation in a subsample. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable adjusted relative risk of HF. During a mean follow-up of 9.3 years there were 876 new cases of HF. The mean age at baseline was 66.4 +/- 9.2 years. Hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for HF were 1.0 (ref), 0.86 (0.72-1.03), 0.80 (0.66-0.98), 0.92 (0.74-1.13), and 0.82 (0.63-1.07), for chocolate consumption of less than 1/month, 1-3/week, 2-4/week, and 5+/week, respectively, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, exercise, energy intake, and history of atrial fibrillation (P for quadratic trend = 0.62). In a secondary analysis, chocolate consumption was inversely associated with risk of HF in men whose BMI was <25 kg/m(2) [HR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.37-0.94) for consumption of 5+ servings/week, P for linear trend = 0.03) but not in those with BMI of 25+ kg/m(2) [HR (95% CI) = 1.01 (0.73-1.39), P for linear trend = 0.42, P for interaction = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that moderate consumption of chocolate might be associated with a lower risk of HF in male physicians. CI - (c) 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure (c) 2014 European Society of Cardiology. FAU - Petrone, Andrew B AU - Petrone AB AD - Division of Aging and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St. 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02120, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research (GRECC), Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Gaziano, J Michael AU - Gaziano JM FAU - Djousse, Luc AU - Djousse L LA - eng GR - CA-34944/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - HL-34595/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - HL-26490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL034595/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL026490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - CA-097193/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 CA040360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 CA097193/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 CA034944/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - CA-40360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 HL088081/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20141014 PL - England TA - Eur J Heart Fail JT - European journal of heart failure JID - 100887595 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - R16CO5Y76E (Aspirin) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Aspirin/administration & dosage MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Cohort Studies MH - Diet Surveys MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage MH - Heart Failure/*epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Physicians/*statistics & numerical data MH - Proportional Hazards Models MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States/epidemiology PMC - PMC4646420 MID - NIHMS629798 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Epidemiology OT - Heart failure OT - Nutrition OT - Risk factors COIS- Conflict of interest: All other authors confirm no potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2014/10/15 06:00 MHDA- 2015/08/01 06:00 PMCR- 2015/12/01 CRDT- 2014/10/15 06:00 PHST- 2014/07/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/08/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/09/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/10/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/08/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1002/ejhf.180 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Heart Fail. 2014 Dec;16(12):1372-6. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.180. Epub 2014 Oct 14. PMID- 25295218 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20141008 LR - 20211021 IS - 2090-8091 (Print) IS - 2042-003X (Electronic) IS - 2042-003X (Linking) VI - 2014 DP - 2014 TI - In Vitro Studies on the Antioxidant Property and Inhibition of alpha-Amylase, alpha-Glucosidase, and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme by Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Bean. PG - 549287 LID - 10.1155/2014/549287 [doi] LID - 549287 AB - Background. This study sought to investigate the antidiabetic and antihypertensive mechanisms of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) bean through inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, angiotensin-1 converting enzyme, and oxidative stress. Methodology. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the water extractable phytochemicals from the powdered cocoa bean were determined and the effects of the extract on alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activities were investigated in vitro. Furthermore, the radicals [1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2..-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl (OH), and nitric oxide (NO)] scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant property of the extract were assessed. Results. The results revealed that the extract inhibited alpha-amylase (1.81 +/- 0.22 mg/mL), alpha-glucosidase (1.84 +/- 0.17 mg/mL), and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (0.674 +/- 0.06 mg/mL [lungs], 1.006 +/- 0.08 mg/mL [heart]) activities in a dose-dependent manner and also showed dose-dependent radicals [DPPH (16.94 +/- 1.34 mg/mL), NO (6.98 +/- 0.886 mg/mL), OH (3.72 +/- 0.26 mg/mL), and ABTS (15.7 +/- 1.06 mmol/TEAC.g] scavenging ability. Conclusion. The inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activities by the cocoa bean extract could be part of the possible mechanism by which the extract could manage and/or prevent type-2 diabetes and hypertension. FAU - Oboh, Ganiyu AU - Oboh G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5167-9779 AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria. FAU - Ademosun, Ayokunle O AU - Ademosun AO AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria. FAU - Ademiluyi, Adedayo O AU - Ademiluyi AO AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria. FAU - Omojokun, Olasunkanmi S AU - Omojokun OS AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria. FAU - Nwanna, Esther E AU - Nwanna EE AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria. FAU - Longe, Kuburat O AU - Longe KO AD - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20140908 PL - United States TA - Patholog Res Int JT - Pathology research international JID - 101526292 PMC - PMC4175390 EDAT- 2014/10/09 06:00 MHDA- 2014/10/09 06:01 PMCR- 2014/09/08 CRDT- 2014/10/09 06:00 PHST- 2014/05/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/07/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/09/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/10/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/10/09 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2014/09/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2014/549287 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Patholog Res Int. 2014;2014:549287. doi: 10.1155/2014/549287. Epub 2014 Sep 8. PMID- 25132363 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141124 LR - 20220409 IS - 1879-0631 (Electronic) IS - 0024-3205 (Linking) VI - 114 IP - 1 DP - 2014 Sep 26 TI - The flavan-3-ol fraction of cocoa powder suppressed changes associated with early-stage metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed rats. PG - 51-6 LID - S0024-3205(14)00674-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.041 [doi] AB - AIMS: Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that ingestion of chocolate reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we examined the effects of flavan-3-ols derived from cocoa on blood pressure, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet and that showed early signs of metabolic syndrome. MAIN METHODS: The rats were divided into three groups, and fed either normal diet (normal), 60% fat high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD containing 0.2% flavan-3-ols (HFD-flavan) for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, blood pressure was measured and animals were sacrificed under anesthesia. Lipolysis and thermogenesis-related protein levels were measured in several tissues by Western blotting, and mitochondrial DNA copy number was measured by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS: Mean blood pressure and epididymal adipose tissue weight of HFD-flavan were significantly lower compared with those of HFD. Uncoupling protein (UCP)1 in brown adipose tissue and UCP3 in gastrocnemius of HFD-flavan were significantly increased compared with those of HFD group. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 2 levels in liver and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) levels in gastrocnemius and liver were significantly increased by the supplementation of flavan-3-ols. SIGNIFICANCE: In addition to having hypotensive effects, flavan-3-ols enhance thermogenesis and lipolysis and consequently reduce white adipose tissue weight gain in response to high-fat diet feeding. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Osakabe, Naomi AU - Osakabe N AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: nao-osa@sic.shibaura-it.ac.jp. FAU - Hoshi, Junpei AU - Hoshi J AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mf12054@sic.shibaura-it.ac.jp. FAU - Kudo, Naoto AU - Kudo N AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mf13033@sic.shibaura-it.ac.jp. FAU - Shibata, Masahiro AU - Shibata M AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: shibatam@sic.shibaura-it.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140814 PL - Netherlands TA - Life Sci JT - Life sciences JID - 0375521 RN - 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Ion Channels) RN - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins) RN - 0 (Ucp1 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Ucp3 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Uncoupling Protein 1) RN - 0 (Uncoupling Protein 3) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - EC 1.3.8.7 (Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase) RN - EC 2.3.1.21 (Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase) SB - IM MH - Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/metabolism MH - Adipose Tissue/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism MH - DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism MH - Diet, High-Fat/*adverse effects MH - Flavonoids/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Ion Channels/metabolism MH - Lipolysis/drug effects MH - Liver/drug effects/metabolism MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/etiology/*prevention & control MH - Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Thermogenesis/drug effects MH - Uncoupling Protein 1 MH - Uncoupling Protein 3 MH - Weight Gain/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Flavan-3-ols OT - Lipolysis OT - Thermogenesis OT - Uncoupling proteins EDAT- 2014/08/19 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/08/19 06:00 PHST- 2014/04/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/07/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/07/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/08/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/08/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0024-3205(14)00674-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.041 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Life Sci. 2014 Sep 26;114(1):51-6. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.041. Epub 2014 Aug 14. PMID- 25019018 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211021 IS - 2157-1724 (Print) IS - 2157-1716 (Electronic) IS - 2157-1716 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 4 DP - 2013 Dec TI - Rational approaches to the treatment of hypertension: diet. PG - 343-345 AB - Hypertension affects one in three adults in Turkey and the United States. Only half are treated for this condition and only 10-20% is controlled. Dietary modifications such as salt restriction, moderation of alcohol drinking, and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and legumes and low in snacks, sweets, meat, and saturated fat are helpful in the treatment of hypertension. Consumption of dark chocolate is also associated with a drop in systolic blood pressure. Individual dietary factors that may reduce blood pressure include increased intakes of potassium, calcium, fish oil, fiber, and milk-based and vegetable-based protein. FAU - Duman, Soner AU - Duman S AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School , Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Kidney Int Suppl (2011) JT - Kidney international supplements JID - 101562008 PMC - PMC4089574 OTO - NOTNLM OT - DASH OT - blood pressure OT - diet OT - hypertension EDAT- 2014/07/16 06:00 MHDA- 2014/07/16 06:01 PMCR- 2014/07/09 CRDT- 2014/07/15 06:00 PHST- 2014/07/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/07/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/07/16 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2014/07/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2157-1716(15)31167-9 [pii] AID - 10.1038/kisup.2013.73 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2013 Dec;3(4):343-345. doi: 10.1038/kisup.2013.73. PMID- 24982813 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20140701 LR - 20240526 IS - 2090-8016 (Print) IS - 2090-0597 (Electronic) IS - 2090-0597 (Linking) VI - 2014 DP - 2014 TI - Central arterial hemodynamic effects of dark chocolate ingestion in young healthy people: a randomized and controlled trial. PG - 945951 LID - 10.1155/2014/945951 [doi] LID - 945951 AB - Introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the vascular benefits of dark chocolate in healthy and young individuals. Methods. A randomized and controlled trial was carried out involving 60 healthy volunteers, randomized into two groups: control group (CG; n = 30) and intervention group (IG; n = 30). The IG ingested a daily dosage of 10 g of dark chocolate (>75% cocoa) for a month. Blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), arterial stiffness index (ASI), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), and pulse wave analysis (PWA) were assessed at baseline and one week after the one-month intervention period. Results. Arterial function improved after intervention in the IG, with PWV decreasing from 6.13 +/- 0.41 m/s to 5.83 +/- 0.53 m/s (P = 0.02), with no significant differences observed in the CG. A significant decrease in ASI (0.16 +/- 0.01 to 0.13 +/- 0.01; P < 0.001) and AiX (-15.88 +/- 10.75 to -22.57 +/- 11.16; P = 0.07) was also depicted for the IG. Endothelial function improved in the IG, with the FMD increasing 9.31% after the 1-month intervention (P < 0.001), with no significant variation in the CG. Conclusion. The daily ingestion of 10 g dark chocolate (>75% cocoa) during a month significantly improves vascular function in young and healthy individuals. FAU - Pereira, T AU - Pereira T AD - Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, ESTESC, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Maldonado, J AU - Maldonado J AD - Instituto de Investigacao e Formacao Cardiovascular, Quinta da Portela, Rua Princesa Cindazunda, Lote 9.3, Loja 94, 3030-503 Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Laranjeiro, M AU - Laranjeiro M AD - Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, ESTESC, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Coutinho, R AU - Coutinho R AD - Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, ESTESC, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Cardoso, E AU - Cardoso E AD - Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, ESTESC, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Andrade, I AU - Andrade I AD - Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, ESTESC, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Conde, J AU - Conde J AD - Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, ESTESC, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20140527 PL - United States TA - Cardiol Res Pract JT - Cardiology research and practice JID - 101516542 PMC - PMC4058496 EDAT- 2014/07/02 06:00 MHDA- 2014/07/02 06:01 PMCR- 2014/05/27 CRDT- 2014/07/02 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/05/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/05/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/07/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/07/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/07/02 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2014/05/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2014/945951 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cardiol Res Pract. 2014;2014:945951. doi: 10.1155/2014/945951. Epub 2014 May 27. PMID- 24970377 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150513 LR - 20161125 IS - 1421-9786 (Electronic) IS - 1015-9770 (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 5 DP - 2014 TI - Advice on lifestyle changes (diet, red wine and physical activity) does not affect internal carotid and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in patients with carotid arteriosclerosis in a randomized controlled trial. PG - 368-75 LID - 10.1159/000362535 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: A Mediterranean diet, with and without small daily amounts of red wine, and physical activity reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease and improve cognition. An increase in cerebral blood flow may be the underlying mechanism. Under normal conditions, cerebral blood flow velocity changes in the internal carotid arteries and in large basal cerebral arteries correlate closely with cerebral blood flow changes, as the diameter of these vessels hardly changes and only the smaller vessels downstream change their diameter. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in 108 patients with carotid atherosclerosis (mean age 64 years, 67% men, 66% on statin therapy). Half of them were advised to follow a polyphenol-rich modified Mediterranean diet including 1-2 tomatoes, 3-5 walnuts and a bar of dark chocolate (25 g) a day and to perform moderate physical exercise for 30 min/day (lifestyle changes). Within these two groups, half of the patients were randomized either to avoid any alcohol or to drink 100 ml of red wine (women) or 200 ml of red wine (men) daily. Bilateral middle cerebral and internal carotid blood flow velocity (peak systolic, peak end-diastolic and mean) was measured at baseline and after 4 and 20 weeks using colour-coded duplex ultrasound. Insonation depth and insonation angle were used to identically place the sample volume during follow-up investigations. A general linear model with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to assess the primary end points. For the analysis we used the mean values of the right and left artery. RESULTS: Neither lifestyle changes nor red wine had an effect on peak systolic, peak end-diastolic or mean cerebral blood flow velocity. CONCLUSIONS: Advice on lifestyle changes, including a modified polyphenol-rich Mediterranean diet, a glass of red wine daily and physical exercise, did not affect middle cerebral and internal carotid blood flow velocity in our patient group with carotid atherosclerosis. An increase in cerebral blood flow is thus unlikely to be the cause of the reduced risk of cerebrovascular disease and improved cognitive functioning described in the literature. One possible explanation for the fact that blood flow velocity was not affected by red wine, diet and physical activity advice is that two thirds of our patients were already on statin therapy. Statins increase cerebral blood flow and vasomotor reactivity via nitric oxide. CI - (c) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel. FAU - Droste, Dirk W AU - Droste DW AD - Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. FAU - Iliescu, Catalina AU - Iliescu C FAU - Vaillant, Michel AU - Vaillant M FAU - Gantenbein, Manon AU - Gantenbein M FAU - De Bremaeker, Nancy AU - De Bremaeker N FAU - Lieunard, Charlotte AU - Lieunard C FAU - Velez, Telma AU - Velez T FAU - Meyer, Michele AU - Meyer M FAU - Guth, Tessy AU - Guth T FAU - Kuemmerle, Andrea AU - Kuemmerle A FAU - Chioti, Anna AU - Chioti A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20140625 PL - Switzerland TA - Cerebrovasc Dis JT - Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 9100851 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Arteriosclerosis/*blood/physiopathology MH - Blood Flow Velocity/*physiology MH - Carotid Artery, Internal/*diagnostic imaging MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/*physiology MH - Diet MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Life Style MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Middle Cerebral Artery/*diagnostic imaging MH - Motor Activity/*physiology MH - Prospective Studies MH - Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex/methods MH - Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial MH - Wine EDAT- 2014/06/28 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/06/28 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/03/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/06/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/06/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 000362535 [pii] AID - 10.1159/000362535 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;37(5):368-75. doi: 10.1159/000362535. Epub 2014 Jun 25. PMID- 24768660 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150127 LR - 20171116 IS - 1873-4847 (Electronic) IS - 0955-2863 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 7 DP - 2014 Jul TI - Increase in AMPK brought about by cocoa is renoprotective in experimental diabetes mellitus by reducing NOX4/TGFbeta-1 signaling. PG - 773-84 LID - S0955-2863(14)00071-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.010 [doi] AB - The aims of the present study were to investigate, in diabetes mellitus (DM), the mechanism of NOX4 up-regulation, its link with 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inactivation and transforming growth factor (TGF) ss-1 signaling in determining the accumulation of kidney extracellular matrix (ECM), and the possible action of cocoa enriched with polyphenols (CH) in these events. After 16 weeks of DM, spontaneously hypertensive rats showed increased kidney TGFbeta-1 levels and expression of phosphorylated smad2, collagen IV and fibronectin in parallel with elevated NOX4 expression and reduced phosphorylated AMPK. CH treatment in diabetic rats prevented all of these abnormalities. In immortalized human mesangial cells exposed to high glucose (HG), or TGFbeta-1, CH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate blocker, or silencing NOX4 ameliorated enhanced phosphorylated smad2 and collagen IV. Reduction in phosphorylated AMPK induced by HG or TGFbeta-1 was ameliorated by CH or activation of AMPK, which reduced phosphorylation of smad2 and collagen IV via reduction in NOX4 expression. The effects of CH were abolished by AMPK blockade. These results suggest that inactivation in AMPK leads to NOX4 up-regulation, activation of TGFbeta-1 signaling and increased ECM accumulation. Additionally, increased TGF-ss1 per se leads to the amplification of ECM production by reducing AMPK and promoting the activation of NOX4. It is suggested that the activation of AMPK by CH followed by reduction in NOX4/TGFbeta-1 signaling may have a therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy. CI - Crown Copyright (c) 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Papadimitriou, Alexandros AU - Papadimitriou A AD - Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: alexbiochemist@gmail.com. FAU - Peixoto, Elisa B M I AU - Peixoto EB AD - Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: empeixoto@gmail.com. FAU - Silva, Kamila C AU - Silva KC AD - Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: kamila@fcm.unicamp.br. FAU - Lopes de Faria, Jacqueline M AU - Lopes de Faria JM AD - Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: lopesdefariajm@gmail.com. FAU - Lopes de Faria, Jose B AU - Lopes de Faria JB AD - Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: jblfaria@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140402 PL - United States TA - J Nutr Biochem JT - The Journal of nutritional biochemistry JID - 9010081 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta1) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidase 4) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidases) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (Nox4 protein, rat) RN - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases) SB - IM MH - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism MH - Animals MH - Cacao MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*physiopathology MH - Diabetic Nephropathies/*prevention & control MH - NADPH Oxidase 4 MH - NADPH Oxidases/*drug effects MH - Polyphenols/*pharmacology MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Transforming Growth Factor beta1/biosynthesis MH - Up-Regulation/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) OT - Cocoa enriched with polyphenols (CH) OT - Diabetic nephropathy (DN) OT - Extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) OT - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase OT - Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1) EDAT- 2014/04/29 06:00 MHDA- 2015/01/28 06:00 CRDT- 2014/04/29 06:00 PHST- 2013/11/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/02/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/03/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/04/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/04/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/01/28 06:00 [medline] AID - S0955-2863(14)00071-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Jul;25(7):773-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.010. Epub 2014 Apr 2. PMID- 24740211 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150207 LR - 20240314 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 4 DP - 2014 TI - Alteration of the systemic and microcirculation by a single oral dose of flavan-3-ols. PG - e94853 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0094853 [doi] LID - e94853 AB - Several systematic reviews have reported that flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was significantly increased in subjects after ingestion of chocolate that contains flavan-3-ols; however, the mechanisms responsible for this effect are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a single oral dose of flavan-3-ols on the systemic circulation and microcirculation in the cremaster muscle using intravital video microscopy in vivo. The cremaster muscle in rats was spread over a plastic chamber and a gastric tube was placed into the stomach. Blood flow in the cremasteric artery was determined using a laser Doppler flowmeter, while blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail-cuff method. Red blood cell velocity in arterioles and blood flow in the artery were significantly increased 5 min after the administration of 10 mg/kg flavan-3-ols compared with distilled water treatment. The number of capillaries recruited in the cremaster muscle was also significantly increased 15 min after treatment. Microscopic observation confirmed that increased shear stress on endothelial cells was maintained during the measurement period. The mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were also significantly elevated soon after administration and returned to baseline before the end of the observation period. Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels, and NO phosphorylation of aortic tissue were significantly increased at 60 min after administration of flavan-3-ols. According to these results, a single oral dose of flavan-3-ols elevates blood pressure and flow transiently, and these effects induce NO production through increased shear stress on endothelial cells. FAU - Ingawa, Kodai AU - Ingawa K AD - Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan. FAU - Aruga, Nozomi AU - Aruga N AD - Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan. FAU - Matsumura, Yusuke AU - Matsumura Y AD - Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan. FAU - Shibata, Masahiro AU - Shibata M AD - Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan. FAU - Osakabe, Naomi AU - Osakabe N AD - Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140416 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Nitrates) RN - 0 (Nitrites) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos3 protein, rat) SB - IM MH - Administration, Oral MH - Animals MH - Aorta/drug effects/metabolism/physiology MH - Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - Blotting, Western MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Heart Rate/*drug effects/physiology MH - Laser-Doppler Flowmetry MH - Male MH - Microcirculation/*drug effects/physiology MH - Microscopy, Video MH - Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply/drug effects/physiology MH - Nitrates/blood MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism MH - Nitrites/blood MH - Phosphorylation/drug effects MH - Rats, Wistar PMC - PMC3989254 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2014/04/18 06:00 MHDA- 2015/02/11 06:00 PMCR- 2014/04/16 CRDT- 2014/04/18 06:00 PHST- 2013/12/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/03/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/04/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/04/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/02/11 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/04/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-13-51243 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0094853 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2014 Apr 16;9(4):e94853. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094853. eCollection 2014. PMID- 24734311 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141107 LR - 20240809 IS - 1751-7176 (Electronic) IS - 1524-6175 (Print) IS - 1524-6175 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 2 DP - 2014 Feb TI - Chocolate--guilty pleasure or healthy supplement? PG - 101-6 AB - Dark chocolate and other cocoa products are popular in the population as a whole, but their overall health benefit remains controversial. Observations from the Kuna Indian population have shown an impressive cardiovascular health benefit from cocoa. For various reasons, this benefit has not been as robust as in other populations. Additionally, several mechanisms have been proposed that might confer cocoa's possible health benefit, but no consensus has been reached on cocoa's physiologic role in promoting cardiovascular health. Flavanols, as well as theobromine, may contribute to enhancements in endothelial function and subsequent improvements in various contributors to cardiovascular disease (CVD) including hypertension, platelet aggregation and adhesion, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia. While the benefits of cocoa may be altered at the various stages of growth, development, and production, it appears that for many people "healthy" dark chocolate may, indeed, provide a pleasurable role in CVD risk reduction. The objectives of this review are to discuss the associations of cocoa with decreased blood pressure and improved CVD risk, to describe the possible mechanisms for these potential benefits, and to highlight considerations for the use of cocoa as a dietary supplement. FAU - Latham, Laura S AU - Latham LS FAU - Hensen, Zeb K AU - Hensen ZK FAU - Minor, Deborah S AU - Minor DS LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) JT - Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) JID - 100888554 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM CIN - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2014 Feb;16(2):95-6. doi: 10.1111/jch.12235. PMID: 24330100 MH - Blood Platelets/physiology MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology MH - Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance/physiology MH - Life Style MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Risk Assessment MH - Vascular Stiffness/drug effects PMC - PMC8031600 EDAT- 2014/04/16 06:00 MHDA- 2014/11/08 06:00 PMCR- 2013/12/13 CRDT- 2014/04/16 06:00 PHST- 2014/04/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/04/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/12/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - JCH12223 [pii] AID - 10.1111/jch.12223 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2014 Feb;16(2):101-6. doi: 10.1111/jch.12223. PMID- 24708519 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141126 LR - 20220409 IS - 1476-511X (Electronic) IS - 1476-511X (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2014 Apr 5 TI - Flavan-3-ol fraction from cocoa powder promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle in mice. PG - 64 LID - 10.1186/1476-511X-13-64 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Numerous clinical studies have reported that ingestion of chocolate has reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. In order to elucidate the mechanism, we evaluated the influence of flavan-3-ols derived from cocoa powder on energy metabolism in mice using an indirect calorimetric method. METHOD: The mice were divided into two groups, and administered either distilled water or 50 mg/kg of flavan-3-ol fraction for 2 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed after blood pressure and the mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) over 24 hours were measured. RESULTS: The mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) over 24 hours was reduced significantly in the flavan-3-ols group. The mean blood pressure was significantly decreased in flavan-3-ols treatment group compared with control group. The protein level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) was increased significantly by flavan-3-ols in skeletal muscle, but not in liver. Uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 was increased significantly in brown adipose tissue by flavan-3-ols. The mitochondria copy number in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and brown adipose tissue were increased significantly by administration of flavan-3-ol fraction. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that flavan-3-ols enhances lipolysis and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. We conclude that improvement of metabolic syndrome risk factors following ingestion of chocolate may be induced, in part, by the mitochondrial biogenesis-promoting effect of flavan-3-ols. FAU - Watanabe, Naoki AU - Watanabe N FAU - Inagawa, Kodai AU - Inagawa K FAU - Shibata, Masahiro AU - Shibata M FAU - Osakabe, Naomi AU - Osakabe N AD - Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan. nao-osa@sic.shibaura-it.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140405 PL - England TA - Lipids Health Dis JT - Lipids in health and disease JID - 101147696 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Energy Metabolism/drug effects MH - Flavonoids/*chemistry MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mitochondria/*drug effects MH - Muscle, Skeletal/*drug effects/*metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology PMC - PMC3997234 EDAT- 2014/04/09 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00 PMCR- 2014/04/05 CRDT- 2014/04/09 06:00 PHST- 2013/12/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/04/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/04/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/04/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/04/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1476-511X-13-64 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1476-511X-13-64 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Lipids Health Dis. 2014 Apr 5;13:64. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-13-64. PMID- 24687133 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140714 LR - 20151119 IS - 1524-4571 (Electronic) IS - 0009-7330 (Linking) VI - 114 IP - 11 DP - 2014 May 23 TI - Low serum ferroxidase I activity is associated with mortality in heart failure and related to both peroxynitrite-induced cysteine oxidation and tyrosine nitration of ceruloplasmin. PG - 1723-32 LID - 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302849 [doi] AB - RATIONALE: Ceruloplasmin antioxidant function is mainly related to its ferroxidase I (FeOxI) activity, which influences iron-dependent oxidative and nitrosative radical species generation. Peroxynitrite, whose production is increased in heart failure (HF), can affect ceruloplasmin antioxidant function through amino acid modification. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between FeOxI and ceruloplasmin tyrosine and cysteine modification and explored in a cohort of patients with HF the potential clinical relevance of serum FeOxI. METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients with chronic HF (n=96, 76 +/- 9 years; New York Heart Association class, 2.9 +/- 0.8) and age-matched controls (n=35), serum FeOxI, FeOxII, ceruloplasmin, nitrotyrosine-bound ceruloplasmin, B-type natriuretic peptide, norepinephrine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured, and the patients were followed up for 24 months. Ceruloplasmin, B-type natriuretic peptide, norepinephrine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were increased in HF versus controls. FeOxI was decreased in HF (-20%) and inversely related to nitrotyrosine-bound ceruloplasmin (r, -0.305; P=0.003). In HF, FeOxI lower tertile had a mortality rate doubled compared with middle-higher tertiles. FeOxI emerged as a mortality predictor (hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence intervals [1.29-6.75]; P=0.011) after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, sodium level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In experimental settings, peroxynitrite incubation of serum samples and isolated purified ceruloplasmin reduced FeOxI activity while increasing ceruloplasmin tyrosine nitration and cysteine thiol oxidation. Reduced glutathione prevented peroxynitrite-induced FeOxI drop, tyrosine nitration, and cysteine oxidation; flavonoid(-)-epicatechin, which prevented ceruloplasmin tyrosine nitration but not cysteine oxidation, partially impeded peroxynitrite-induced FeOxI drop. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced activity of serum FeOxI is associated with ceruloplasmin nitration and reduced survival in patients with HF. Both ceruloplasmin tyrosine nitration and cysteine thiol oxidation may be operant in vivo in peroxynitrite-induced FeOxI activity inhibition. CI - (c) 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. FAU - Cabassi, Aderville AU - Cabassi A AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). aderville.cabassi@unipr.it. FAU - Binno, Simone Maurizio AU - Binno SM AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Tedeschi, Stefano AU - Tedeschi S AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Ruzicka, Valerie AU - Ruzicka V AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Dancelli, Simona AU - Dancelli S AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Rocco, Rossana AU - Rocco R AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Vicini, Vanni AU - Vicini V AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Coghi, Pietro AU - Coghi P AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Regolisti, Giuseppe AU - Regolisti G AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Montanari, Alberto AU - Montanari A AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Fiaccadori, Enrico AU - Fiaccadori E AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Govoni, Paolo AU - Govoni P AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - Piepoli, Massimo AU - Piepoli M AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). FAU - de Champlain, Jacques AU - de Champlain J AD - From the Cardiorenal Research Unit (A.C., S.M.B., S.T., V.R., S.D., R.R., P.C., G.R., A.M., E.F.), Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology (A.C., V.R., S.D., P.C., A.M.), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy; Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy (P.G.); Cardiology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy (V.V.); Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy (M.P.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.d.C.). LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140331 PL - United States TA - Circ Res JT - Circulation research JID - 0047103 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 114471-18-0 (Natriuretic Peptide, Brain) RN - 14691-52-2 (Peroxynitrous Acid) RN - 42HK56048U (Tyrosine) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) RN - EC 1.16.3.1 (Ceruloplasmin) RN - K848JZ4886 (Cysteine) RN - X4W3ENH1CV (Norepinephrine) SB - IM CIN - Circ Res. 2014 May 23;114(11):1678-80. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.304091. PMID: 24855197 MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Biomarkers/metabolism MH - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Ceruloplasmin/*metabolism MH - Cohort Studies MH - Cysteine/*metabolism MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Heart Failure/diagnosis/*metabolism/*mortality MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism MH - Norepinephrine/metabolism MH - Oxidation-Reduction MH - Peroxynitrous Acid/*metabolism MH - Prognosis MH - Proportional Hazards Models MH - Survival Rate MH - Tyrosine/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - ceruloplasmin OT - heart failure OT - mortality OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2014/04/02 06:00 MHDA- 2014/07/16 06:00 CRDT- 2014/04/02 06:00 PHST- 2014/04/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/04/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/07/16 06:00 [medline] AID - CIRCRESAHA.114.302849 [pii] AID - 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302849 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Circ Res. 2014 May 23;114(11):1723-32. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302849. Epub 2014 Mar 31. PMID- 24669328 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20140326 LR - 20211021 IS - 2141-9248 (Print) IS - 2277-9205 (Electronic) IS - 2141-9248 (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 1 DP - 2014 Jan TI - A comparative study of nutritional status and foodstuffs in adolescent girls in iran. PG - 38-43 LID - 10.4103/2141-9248.126606 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents is increasing world-wide. Obesity in children and adolescents is a major risk factor for diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, and cancer in adulthood. AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the nutritional status and food-stuffs among high-school girls in Arak, Iran, in matter of body mass index (BMI) and associated factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 278 adolescents was conducted in six randomly chosen high-schools. Height and weight of students were collected using standard methods and the BMI calculated and BMI percentiles of these girls are compared with the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference data. The 5(th), 8(th), and 95(th) percentiles of the CDC were adopted as cut-off points for underweight, overweight and obese girls, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS by analysis of variance and Chi-square tests. RESULTS: On the basis of CDC, the overall prevalence rates of underweight, overweight, and obesity were estimated 10.1% (28/278), 12.9% (36/278), and 1.4% (4/278), respectively. There was no significant difference between nutritional knowledge scores and the rate of physical activities in various groups. The mean age at menarche was significantly higher among the obese girls (P = 0.02). Consumption of ice-cream and chocolate was significantly higher in the obese girls group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: According to the present study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in high-school girls of Arak is lower than that of many other parts of Iran and some neighboring countries, which are at the high-risk of overweight and obesity. This study warrants the necessity of paying attention to promote healthy life-style and weight control. The earlier age of menarche is alarming. FAU - Talaie-Zanjani, A AU - Talaie-Zanjani A AD - Department of Health and Nutrition, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran. FAU - Faraji, F AU - Faraji F AD - Department of Neurology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. FAU - Rafie, M AU - Rafie M AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. FAU - Mohammadbeigi, A AU - Mohammadbeigi A AD - Health Policy and Promotion Research Center Department of Epidemiology, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - India TA - Ann Med Health Sci Res JT - Annals of medical and health sciences research JID - 101585351 PMC - PMC3952294 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adolescent OT - Age at menarche OT - Body mass index OT - Nutritional knowledge OT - Nutritional status OT - Physical activity COIS- Conflict of Interest: None declared. EDAT- 2014/03/29 06:00 MHDA- 2014/03/29 06:01 PMCR- 2014/01/01 CRDT- 2014/03/27 06:00 PHST- 2014/03/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/03/29 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2014/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - AMHSR-4-38 [pii] AID - 10.4103/2141-9248.126606 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Jan;4(1):38-43. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.126606. PMID- 24656854 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150130 LR - 20151119 IS - 1590-3729 (Electronic) IS - 0939-4753 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 7 DP - 2014 Jul TI - Flavonoids and arterial stiffness: promising perspectives. PG - 698-704 LID - S0939-4753(14)00046-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.015 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flavonoids are a group of polyphenol compounds, ubiquitously found in plants. Great emphasis has been given to their possible benefits for cardiovascular health. These beneficial effects may be mediated by a specific action on arterial walls. Arterial stiffness is a marker of vascular aging, increasingly used in the clinical setting and assessed by pulse wave velocity. It has shown to be a robust predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. This review aims at providing a comprehensive evaluation of available intervention and observational studies examining the relationship between flavonoid consumption and arterial stiffness. DATA SYNTHESIS: A Medline((R)) literature search was performed using the keywords "arterial stiffness" and "flavonoids". As a result, 2 cross-sectional and 16 intervention studies assessing the relationship between flavonoids intake and arterial stiffness were retained. Four intervention trials reported a significant decrease of arterial stiffness after a flavonoid-based intervention, independently from blood pressure changes. The two observational studies reported significant associations between a higher flavonoid consumption and a lower arterial stiffness. In this review, isoflavones, anthocyanins and to a lesser extent cocoa flavan-3-ols appeared to be the more efficient to improve vascular function. CONCLUSIONS: Despite their heterogeneity, preliminary data seem to support an improvement of the arterial stiffness related to flavonoid intake. However, further research on absorption and dose-response effects of the specific flavonoid subclasses on arterial structure is warranted. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Lilamand, M AU - Lilamand M AD - Gerontopole, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; Service de Geriatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France. Electronic address: mlilamand@hotmail.fr. FAU - Kelaiditi, E AU - Kelaiditi E AD - Gerontopole, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France. FAU - Guyonnet, S AU - Guyonnet S AD - Gerontopole, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse, France. FAU - Antonelli Incalzi, R AU - Antonelli Incalzi R AD - Geriatria, Universita Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy. FAU - Raynaud-Simon, A AU - Raynaud-Simon A AD - Service de Geriatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France. FAU - Vellas, B AU - Vellas B AD - Gerontopole, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse, France; Universite de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. FAU - Cesari, M AU - Cesari M AD - Gerontopole, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse, France; Universite de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20140131 PL - Netherlands TA - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis JT - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD JID - 9111474 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Aorta/drug effects/metabolism MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Observational Studies as Topic MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Risk Factors MH - Vascular Stiffness/*drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Arterial stiffness OT - Cardiovascular diseases OT - Flavonoids OT - Wave reflection EDAT- 2014/03/25 06:00 MHDA- 2015/01/31 06:00 CRDT- 2014/03/25 06:00 PHST- 2013/11/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/12/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/01/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/03/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/01/31 06:00 [medline] AID - S0939-4753(14)00046-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.015 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Jul;24(7):698-704. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.015. Epub 2014 Jan 31. PMID- 24628966 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150219 LR - 20140721 IS - 1755-3768 (Electronic) IS - 1755-375X (Linking) VI - 92 IP - 5 DP - 2014 Aug TI - The short-term effect of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate on retinal vessel diameter in glaucoma patients and age-matched controls. PG - e341-5 LID - 10.1111/aos.12373 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate and non-flavonoid-rich white chocolate on retinal vessel diameter in glaucoma patients and age-matched controls. METHODS: Thirty glaucoma patients and 30 age-matched subjects were assigned to dark or white chocolate by randomization with forced equal distribution. The number in each of the four groups was 15. Measured parameters included systemic blood pressure (BP), blood glucose levels, static retinal vessel analysis, as measured by central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) (which relates to the diameter of the central retinal artery), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) (which relates to the diameter of central retinal vein) and the arterio-venous ratio (AVR), which represents the CRAE/CRVE ratio, dynamic retinal vessel analysis as measured by the change in vessel diameter in response to flicker light stimulation. Three recording cycles from each were averaged. RESULTS: Blood pressure parameters (systolic BP, diastolic BP and pulse), IOP and blood glucose levels did not differ significantly between both groups before and after consumption of white or dark chocolate. Static vessel analysis did not show any significant changes in CRAE, CRVE or AVR before and after dark or white chocolate in both groups (p > 0.05). Mean dilatation of the venules in the control group was 3.2 +/- 0.9 % before dark chocolate and 4.2 +/- 1.4 % after dark chocolate intake, which was statistically significantly different (p = 0.01). Mean dilatation of the arterioles in the control group was 2.8 +/- 1.8 % before dark chocolate and 3.5 +/- 1.8 % after dark chocolate intake with a trend to statistical significance (p = 0.14), but not reaching the significance level. Mean diameter changes in the glaucoma group did not show any significant differences after dark chocolate consumption. CONCLUSION: The present study showed a significant improvement of venous vasodilatation 2 hr after dark chocolate intake in the control group, but not in the glaucoma group. This effect might be indicative of an increased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) after dark chocolate consumption. The lack of finding a significant venous response after dark chocolate in the glaucoma group might be related to the already impaired endothelial function in these patients. CI - (c) 2014 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Terai, Naim AU - Terai N AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany. FAU - Gedenk, Alexandra AU - Gedenk A FAU - Spoerl, Eberhard AU - Spoerl E FAU - Pillunat, Lutz E AU - Pillunat LE FAU - Stodtmeister, Richard AU - Stodtmeister R LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20140316 PL - England TA - Acta Ophthalmol JT - Acta ophthalmologica JID - 101468102 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - *Candy MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*physiopathology MH - Heart Rate MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Photic Stimulation MH - Prospective Studies MH - Retinal Artery/*physiology MH - Retinal Vein/*physiology MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Vasodilation/*physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - dark chocolate OT - dynamic vessel analysis OT - flavonoids OT - glaucoma OT - nitric oxide EDAT- 2014/03/19 06:00 MHDA- 2015/02/20 06:00 CRDT- 2014/03/18 06:00 PHST- 2013/10/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/03/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/02/20 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1111/aos.12373 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Ophthalmol. 2014 Aug;92(5):e341-5. doi: 10.1111/aos.12373. Epub 2014 Mar 16. PMID- 24580540 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141106 LR - 20190116 IS - 1549-7852 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8398 (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 11 DP - 2014 TI - Cocoa phytochemicals: recent advances in molecular mechanisms on health. PG - 1458-72 LID - 10.1080/10408398.2011.641041 [doi] AB - Recent reports on cocoa are appealing in that a food commonly consumed for pure pleasure might also bring tangible benefits for human health. Cocoa consumption is correlated with reduced health risks of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer, and the health-promoting effects of cocoa are mediated by cocoa-driven phytochemicals. Cocoa is rich in procyanidins, theobromine, (-)-epicatechin, catechins, and caffeine. Among the phytochemicals present in consumed cocoa, theobromine is most available in human plasma, followed by caffeine, (-)-epicatechin, catechin, and procyanidins. It has been reported that cocoa phytochemicals specifically modulate or interact with specific molecular targets linked to the pathogenesis of chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, and skin aging. This review summarizes comprehensive recent findings on the beneficial actions of cocoa-driven phytochemicals in molecular mechanisms of human health. FAU - Kim, Jiyoung AU - Kim J AD - a WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , 151-742 , Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Jaekyoon AU - Kim J FAU - Shim, Jaesung AU - Shim J FAU - Lee, Chang Yong AU - Lee CY FAU - Lee, Ki Won AU - Lee KW FAU - Lee, Hyong Joo AU - Lee HJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - United States TA - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr JT - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition JID - 8914818 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phytochemicals) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Biological Availability MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Caffeine/analysis MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control MH - Flavonoids/analysis/chemistry/pharmacokinetics MH - *Health Promotion MH - Humans MH - Neoplasms/prevention & control MH - Neurodegenerative Diseases/prevention & control MH - Obesity/prevention & control MH - Phytochemicals/*analysis MH - Proanthocyanidins MH - Skin Aging/drug effects MH - Theobromine/analysis/pharmacokinetics EDAT- 2014/03/04 06:00 MHDA- 2014/11/07 06:00 CRDT- 2014/03/04 06:00 PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/11/07 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1080/10408398.2011.641041 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(11):1458-72. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.641041. PMID- 24508464 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141124 LR - 20260128 IS - 1873-1244 (Electronic) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 5 DP - 2014 May TI - Effects of energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks on the incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective approach in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. PG - 538-43 LID - S0899-9007(13)00453-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.014 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: Increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor snacks is one of the major, growing concerns in relation to the alarming trend of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disorders worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of energy-dense snacks could affect the occurrence of metabolic syndrome after 3 y of follow-up in adults. METHODS: This longitudinal study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study between 2006 and 2008 and 2009 and 2011, on 1466 adults, ages 19 to 70 y. The usual intake of participants was measured using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were assessed at baseline and 3 y later. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in each quartile of energy-dense snacks. RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile of energy-dense snack consumption were significantly younger (33.8 versus 43.1 y; P < 0.01). There were non-significant increased risks for MetS in the highest quartile of biscuits and cakes (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-1.66), and candies and chocolates (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.88-1.94). The risk for MetS in participants with highest consumption of salty snacks increased more than 50% (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.01-2.40). Consumption of soft drinks had a borderline effect on the risk for MetS. More than 361 kcal/d from total energy-dense snacks independently increased the occurrence of MetS in the fourth compared the first quartile category (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.03-2.29). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrated that higher consumption of energy-dense snacks could be a dietary risk factor for development of MetS. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Mirmiran, Parvin AU - Mirmiran P AD - Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Bahadoran, Zahra AU - Bahadoran Z AD - Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Delshad, Hossein AU - Delshad H AD - Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Azizi, Fereidoun AU - Azizi F AD - Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Azizi@endocrine.ac.ir. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20131014 PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - *Diet MH - Diet Surveys MH - *Energy Intake MH - Female MH - Glucose MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Iran/epidemiology MH - Lipids MH - Logistic Models MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology/*etiology MH - Middle Aged MH - *Nutritive Value MH - Odds Ratio MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - *Snacks MH - Surveys and Questionnaires OTO - NOTNLM OT - Abdominal obesity OT - Dyslipidemia OT - Energy-dense snacks OT - Hypertension OT - Insulin resistance OT - Metabolic syndrome EDAT- 2014/02/11 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/02/11 06:00 PHST- 2013/05/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/07/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/09/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/02/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/02/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0899-9007(13)00453-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.014 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2014 May;30(5):538-43. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.014. Epub 2013 Oct 14. PMID- 24491839 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150302 LR - 20140325 IS - 1879-0712 (Electronic) IS - 0014-2999 (Linking) VI - 728 DP - 2014 Apr 5 TI - Effects of (-)-epicatechin on a diet-induced rat model of cardiometabolic risk factors. PG - 24-30 LID - S0014-2999(14)00083-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.053 [doi] AB - Overweight and obesity have been associated with increase in cardiometabolic risk. Therapeutics include lifestyle changes and/or pharmacologic agents. However, such interventions are often limited by poor compliance and/or significant side effects. The consumption of certain dietary products, such as cocoa, exerts positive effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. (-)-Epicatechin (EPI), the most abundant flavonoid in cacao has been reported to replicate such effects. However its mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.In a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated cardiometabolic risk factors, we administered 1mg/kg of EPI, by gavage, for 2 weeks. Endpoints included weight-gain, glycemia, triglyceridemia, and systolic blood pressure. We also assessed food intake and fecal excretion. Mitochondrial function and structure related proteins were measured by Westerns.Obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and systolic hypertension were developed after the administration of the high-fat diet for five weeks. EPI significantly decreased the rate of weight gain, glycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The ratio between energy intake and excretion was not significantly modified by treatment. EPI restored the obesity-induced decreases in the levels of skeletal muscle and abdominal tissue sirtuins (SIRTs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC-1alpha), mitofilin, transcription factor A mitochondrial (TFAM), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and deiodinase.EPI treatment yielded beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced endpoints thus may be considered as a potential agent for the treatment of obesity and its cardiometabolic associated abnormalities. Mechanism of action may be attributed to the modulation of cellular/mitochondrial function, thus improving overall metabolism. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Gutierrez-Salmean, Gabriel AU - Gutierrez-Salmean G AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Ortiz-Vilchis, Pilar AU - Ortiz-Vilchis P AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Vacaseydel, Claudia Maria AU - Vacaseydel CM AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Garduno-Siciliano, Leticia AU - Garduno-Siciliano L AD - Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Chamorro-Cevallos, German AU - Chamorro-Cevallos G AD - Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Meaney, Eduardo AU - Meaney E AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Villafana, Santiago AU - Villafana S AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Villarreal, Francisco AU - Villarreal F AD - University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, United States. FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. FAU - Ramirez-Sanchez, Israel AU - Ramirez-Sanchez I AD - Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Electronic address: israel.ramirez14@hotmail.com. LA - eng GR - DK98717/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - NIHAT4277/PHS HHS/United States GR - P60MD001/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20140131 PL - Netherlands TA - Eur J Pharmacol JT - European journal of pharmacology JID - 1254354 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use MH - Diet, High-Fat/*adverse effects MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Eating/drug effects MH - Energy Metabolism/*drug effects MH - Feces/chemistry MH - Heart Diseases/etiology/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Male MH - Obesity/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Risk Factors MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Weight Gain/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cacao OT - Epicatechin OT - Flavonoids OT - Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome OT - Mitochondria EDAT- 2014/02/05 06:00 MHDA- 2015/03/03 06:00 CRDT- 2014/02/05 06:00 PHST- 2013/12/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/01/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/02/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/02/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/03/03 06:00 [medline] AID - S0014-2999(14)00083-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.053 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Apr 5;728:24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.053. Epub 2014 Jan 31. PMID- 24462367 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141128 LR - 20151119 IS - 1590-3729 (Electronic) IS - 0939-4753 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 4 DP - 2014 Apr TI - Oxidised LDL levels decreases after the consumption of ready-to-eat meals supplemented with cocoa extract within a hypocaloric diet. PG - 416-22 LID - S0939-4753(13)00265-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.09.017 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cocoa flavanols are recognised by their favourable antioxidant and vascular effects. This study investigates the influence on health of the daily consumption of ready-to-eat meals supplemented with cocoa extract within a hypocaloric diet, on middle-aged overweight/obese subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty healthy male and female middle-aged volunteers [57.26 +/- 5.24 years and body mass index (BMI) 30.59 +/- 2.33 kg/m(2)] were recruited to participate in a 4 week randomised, parallel and double-blind study. After following 3 days on a low-polyphenol diet, 25 volunteers received meals supplemented with 1.4 g of cocoa extract (645.3 mg of polyphenols) and the other 25 participants received control meals, within a 15% energy restriction diet. On the 4th week of intervention individuals in both dietary groups improved (p < 0.05) anthropometric, body composition, blood pressure and blood biochemical measurements. Oxidised LDL cholesterol (oxLDL), showed a higher reduction (p = 0.030) in the cocoa group. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels decreased only in the cocoa supplemented group (p = 0.007). Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) decreased significantly in both groups, while Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) did not present differences after the 4 weeks of intervention. Interestingly, cocoa intake showed a different effect by gender, presenting more beneficial effects in men. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of cocoa extract as part of ready-to-eat meals and within a hypocaloric diet improved oxidative status (oxLDL) in middle-aged subjects, being most remarkable in males. REGISTRATION NUMBER: Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01596309). CI - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Ibero-Baraibar, I AU - Ibero-Baraibar I AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Abete, I AU - Abete I AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Navas-Carretero, S AU - Navas-Carretero S AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn. Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Massis-Zaid, A AU - Massis-Zaid A AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Martinez, J A AU - Martinez JA AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn. Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jalfmtz@unav.es. FAU - Zulet, M A AU - Zulet MA AD - Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn. Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01596309 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20131101 PL - Netherlands TA - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis JT - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD JID - 9111474 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (oxidized low density lipoprotein) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/*administration & dosage MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Glucose/drug effects/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Composition/drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - *Cacao MH - *Caloric Restriction MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Fast Foods MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Lipoproteins, LDL/*blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity/blood/diagnosis/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Sex Factors MH - Spain MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa extract OT - Middle-aged OT - Obesity OT - Oxidative stress OT - oxLDL EDAT- 2014/01/28 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/01/28 06:00 PHST- 2013/06/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/09/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/09/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/01/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0939-4753(13)00265-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.09.017 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Apr;24(4):416-22. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.09.017. Epub 2013 Nov 1. PMID- 24403903 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20140109 LR - 20211021 IS - 1664-5456 (Print) IS - 1664-5456 (Electronic) IS - 1664-5456 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 1 DP - 2013 TI - A daily glass of red wine and lifestyle changes do not affect arterial blood pressure and heart rate in patients with carotid arteriosclerosis after 4 and 20 weeks. PG - 121-9 LID - 10.1159/000354847 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Regular consumption of small amounts of red wine improves blood lipids. However, there is concern whether this beneficial effect might be counterbalanced by an increase in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), which are risk factors for cerebro-cardiovascular disease. In particular, we studied whether regular consumption of red wine with and without lifestyle changes (LC; healthy diet and physical activity advice) results in an increase in BP and HR. METHODS: A prospective, unblinded randomized trial was performed in 108 patients (67% men) with carotid atherosclerosis documented by ultrasound, a mean BP of 122/79 mm Hg and a mean HR of 71 bpm at inclusion in the study. Sixty-eight percent were known and treated hypertensives. The mean 24-hour BP at baseline was 122/79 mm Hg. Half of the study participants, the control group, was seen by a nurse at baseline, after 4 and after 20 weeks, and was instructed not to change their eating and physical activity habits. In the other half, a dietician performed five sessions of 30 min each (at baseline, after 1 week and after 2, 3 and 4 weeks) giving advice on healthy eating based on a Mediterranean diet and physical exercise. The recommendations given were the following: 5 portions of fruit/vegetables per day, a diet low in absolute fat, a preference of vegetable oil (olive or rapeseed oil), whole-grain products, poultry, low-fat dairy products, 1 fat and 1 lean fish meal per week, reduced consumption of red meat, and avoidance of pork, ready-made meals, sugar and excessive salt intake. In addition, regular consumption of 1 bar of dark chocolate (25 g, >70% of cacao), 1-2 tomatoes, and 3-5 walnuts as well as at least 30 min of moderate daily physical activity were recommended. Within these two groups, half of the patients were randomized either to avoid alcohol completely or to drink 100 ml (women) or 200 ml of red wine (men) daily. RESULTS: Neither LC nor red wine had an effect on the mean systolic and diastolic 24-hour BP and HR after 4 and 20 weeks, as analyzed by general linear modeling. No difference was found for diurnal and nocturnal values. CONCLUSIONS: The possible beneficial effect of regular consumption of small amounts of red wine is not counterbalanced in the long term by an increase in the mean BP or HR in mainly normotensive and well-treated hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis, neither in the patients given healthy lifestyle advice nor in those with a standard lifestyle. Yet, we remain cautious about actively advice patients to drink alcohol regularly given the well-known risks. FAU - Droste, Dirk W AU - Droste DW AD - Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxemburg. FAU - Iliescu, Catalina AU - Iliescu C AD - Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - Vaillant, Michel AU - Vaillant M AD - Methodology and Statistical Competence Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - Gantenbein, Manon AU - Gantenbein M AD - Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - De Bremaeker, Nancy AU - De Bremaeker N AD - Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - Lieunard, Charlotte AU - Lieunard C AD - Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - Velez, Telma AU - Velez T AD - Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - Meyer, Michele AU - Meyer M AD - Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - Guth, Tessy AU - Guth T AD - Methodology and Statistical Competence Centre, Luxemburg. FAU - Kuemmerle, Andrea AU - Kuemmerle A AD - Centre of Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public-Sante, Strassen, Luxemburg. FAU - Chioti, Anna AU - Chioti A AD - Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre, Luxemburg. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20131005 PL - Switzerland TA - Cerebrovasc Dis Extra JT - Cerebrovascular diseases extra JID - 101577885 PMC - PMC3884179 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Alcohol OT - Blood pressure OT - Carotid arteries OT - Diet OT - Nutrition EDAT- 2014/01/10 06:00 MHDA- 2014/01/10 06:01 PMCR- 2013/10/05 CRDT- 2014/01/10 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/01/10 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2013/10/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cee-0003-0121 [pii] AID - 10.1159/000354847 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2013 Oct 5;3(1):121-9. doi: 10.1159/000354847. eCollection 2013. PMID- 24394704 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140918 LR - 20140129 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 5 IP - 2 DP - 2014 Feb TI - Realistic intake of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product increases HDL-cholesterol without inducing anthropometric changes in healthy and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. PG - 364-74 LID - 10.1039/c3fo60352k [doi] AB - To assess whether antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cardio-protective effects attributed to cocoa are achieved when regularly consuming moderate amounts of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product, a non-randomized, controlled, crossover, free-living study was carried out in healthy (n = 24; 25.9 +/- 5.6 years) and moderately hypercholesterolemic (200-240 mg dL(-1); n = 20; 30.0 +/- 10.3 years) volunteers. Participants consumed two servings per day (7.5 g per serving) of a soluble cocoa product (providing 45.3 mg flavanols per day) in milk, which was compared with consuming only milk during a 4 week period. The effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were determined, as well as on serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles, interleukins (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups (CG), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS). During the study, the volunteers' diets and physical activity were also evaluated, as well as any changes in weight, skin folds, circumferences and related anthropometric parameters. Cocoa and certain polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables and their derivatives were restricted. After consuming the cocoa product positive effects were observed such as an increase in serum HDL-C (p < 0.001) and dietary fiber intake (p = 0.050), whereas IL-10 decreased (p = 0.022). Other cardiovascular-related biomarkers and anthropometric parameters were unaffected. We have therefore concluded that regular consumption of this cocoa product in a Spanish-Mediterranean diet may protect against cardiovascular disease in healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects without producing any weight gain or other anthropometric changes. FAU - Martinez-Lopez, Sara AU - Martinez-Lopez S AD - Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. beasarria@ictan.csic.es lbravo@ictan.csic.es. FAU - Sarria, Beatriz AU - Sarria B FAU - Sierra-Cinos, Jose Luis AU - Sierra-Cinos JL FAU - Goya, Luis AU - Goya L FAU - Mateos, Raquel AU - Mateos R FAU - Bravo, Laura AU - Bravo L LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Interleukin-6) RN - 0 (Interleukin-8) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) RN - 0 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) RN - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Anthropometry MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Cholesterol, HDL/*blood MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*metabolism MH - Heart Rate MH - Humans MH - Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*diet therapy/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Interleukin-10/blood MH - Interleukin-6/blood MH - Interleukin-8/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood MH - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2014/01/08 06:00 MHDA- 2014/09/19 06:00 CRDT- 2014/01/08 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/09/19 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1039/c3fo60352k [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2014 Feb;5(2):364-74. doi: 10.1039/c3fo60352k. PMID- 24360219 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140923 LR - 20240229 IS - 2046-4053 (Electronic) IS - 2046-4053 (Linking) VI - 2 DP - 2013 Dec 20 TI - Consumption of chocolate in pregnant women and risk of preeclampsia: a systematic review. PG - 114 LID - 10.1186/2046-4053-2-114 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Previous studies have been limited in reporting the association between chocolate consumption, measured by interviewer-administered questionnaire or serum theobromine, a biomarker for cocoa, and risk of preeclampsia, and have showed somewhat conflicting results. METHODS/DESIGN: A systematic review of observational and experimental studies will be carried out. We will examine PubMed, Embase, and the entire Cochrane Library. Studies of chocolate consumption compared or not with placebo or low flavanol chocolate during pregnancy will be evaluated to investigate the effect of chocolate consumption in pregnant women on the risk of preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension. Screening for inclusion, data extraction, and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers in consultation with a third reviewer. Validity of the studies will be ascertained by using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Relative risk of preeclampsia will be the primary measure of treatment effect. Heterogeneity will be explored by subgroup analysis according to confounding factors and bias. DISCUSSION: This systematic review will contribute to establish the current state of knowledge concerning the possible association between chocolate consumption and prevention of preeclampsia. Furthermore, it will justify if additional experimental trials are necessary to better evaluate the benefits of chocolate consumption on the risk of preeclampsia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews. The registration number is: CRD42013005338. FAU - Mogollon, Jaime Andres AU - Mogollon JA FAU - Boivin, Catherine AU - Boivin C FAU - Philippe, Kadhel AU - Philippe K FAU - Turcotte, Stephane AU - Turcotte S FAU - Lemieux, Simone AU - Lemieux S FAU - Blanchet, Claudine AU - Blanchet C FAU - Bujold, Emmanuel AU - Bujold E FAU - Dodin, Sylvie AU - Dodin S AD - Saint-Francois d'Assise Hospital, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec (CHUQ), Quebec, Canada. sylvie.dodin@fmed.ulaval.ca. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20131220 PL - England TA - Syst Rev JT - Systematic reviews JID - 101580575 RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Pregnancy MH - *Cacao MH - *Eating MH - *Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology MH - *Research Design MH - Risk Factors MH - Theobromine/blood PMC - PMC3878223 EDAT- 2013/12/24 06:00 MHDA- 2014/09/23 06:00 PMCR- 2013/12/20 CRDT- 2013/12/24 06:00 PHST- 2013/10/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/12/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/12/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/12/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/09/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/12/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2046-4053-2-114 [pii] AID - 10.1186/2046-4053-2-114 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 20;2:114. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-114. PMID- 24325082 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140117 LR - 20131211 IS - 0035-7715 (Print) IS - 0035-7715 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 3 DP - 2013 TI - Magnesium: its role in nutrition and carcinogenesis. PG - 165-71 AB - Magnesium (Mg2+) plays a key role in many essential cellular processes such as intermediary metabolism, DNA replication and repair, transporting potassium and calcium ions, cell proliferation together with signalling transduction. Dietary sources rich in magnesium are whole and unrefined grains, seeds, cocoa, nuts, almonds and green leafy vegetables. Hard water is also considered to be an important source of magnesium beneficial to human health. The daily dietary intake of magnesium is however frequently found to be below that recommended in Western countries. Indeed, it is recognised that magnesium deficiency may lead to many disorders of the human body, where for instance magnesium depletion is believed to play an important role in the aetiology of the following; cardiovascular disease (including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, ishaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure in human), as well as diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease, liver cirrhosis and diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Insufficient dietary intake of magnesium may also significantly affect the development and exacerbation ofADHD (Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder) symptoms in children. The known links between magnesium and carcinogenesis still remain unclear and complex, with conflicting results being reported from many experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies; further knowledge is thus required. Mg2+ ions are enzyme cofactors involved in DNA repair mechanisms that maintain genomic stability and fidelity. Any magnesium deficiencies could thereby cause a dysfunction of these systems to occur leading to DNA mutations. Magnesium deficiency may also be associated with inflammation and increased levels of free radicals where both inflammatory mediators and free radicals so arising could cause oxidative DNA damage and therefore tumour formation. The presented review article now provides a summary discussion of the various research performed concerning the impact that low magnesium intake has on tumour incidence; this includes impairment of magnesium homeostasis frequently observed in tumour cells, the influence of magnesium depletion on the progression of existing tumours and the occurrence of hypo-magnesaemia when patients are treated with certain anticancer drugs. FAU - Blaszczyk, Urszula AU - Blaszczyk U AD - Department of Fermentation Technology and Technical Microbiology, Agricultural University in Krakow, Poland. ublaszczyk@ur.krakow.pl FAU - Duda-Chodak, Aleksandra AU - Duda-Chodak A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Poland TA - Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig JT - Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny JID - 0414756 RN - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Magnesium/*metabolism MH - Magnesium Deficiency/complications/*metabolism MH - Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism MH - Recommended Dietary Allowances EDAT- 2013/12/12 06:00 MHDA- 2014/01/18 06:00 CRDT- 2013/12/12 06:00 PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/01/18 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2013;64(3):165-71. PMID- 24314860 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140729 LR - 20211021 IS - 1873-4847 (Electronic) IS - 0955-2863 (Print) IS - 0955-2863 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 1 DP - 2014 Jan TI - Novel insights of dietary polyphenols and obesity. PG - 1-18 LID - S0955-2863(13)00161-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.001 [doi] AB - The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the past three decades both in the United States and worldwide. Recent studies have shown the role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the impact of commonly consumed polyphenols, including green tea catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallates, resveratrol and curcumin, on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrated that these dietary polyphenols reduce viability of adipocytes and proliferation of preadipocytes, suppress adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation, stimulate lipolysis and fatty acid beta-oxidation, and reduce inflammation. Concomitantly, the polyphenols modulate signaling pathways including the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma activator 1-alpha, sirtuin 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, uncoupling proteins 1 and 2, and nuclear factor-kappaB that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Animal studies strongly suggest that commonly consumed polyphenols described in this review have a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by lower body weight, fat mass and triglycerides through enhancing energy expenditure and fat utilization, and modulating glucose hemostasis. Limited human studies have been conducted in this area and are inconsistent about the antiobesity impact of dietary polyphenols probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used and confounding factors such as other weight-reducing agents. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to reconcile the discrepancies between preclinical efficacies and inconclusive clinic outcomes of these polyphenols. CI - (c) 2014. FAU - Wang, Shu AU - Wang S AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. FAU - Moustaid-Moussa, Naima AU - Moustaid-Moussa N FAU - Chen, Lixia AU - Chen L FAU - Mo, Huanbiao AU - Mo H FAU - Shastri, Anuradha AU - Shastri A FAU - Su, Rui AU - Su R FAU - Bapat, Priyanka AU - Bapat P FAU - Kwun, InSook AU - Kwun I FAU - Shen, Chwan-Li AU - Shen CL LA - eng GR - U01 AT006691/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01AT006691/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Nutr Biochem JT - The Journal of nutritional biochemistry JID - 9010081 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Stilbenes) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) RN - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin) RN - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol) SB - IM MH - Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology MH - Cell Differentiation/drug effects MH - Curcumin/pharmacology MH - *Diet MH - Humans MH - Obesity/*metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Polyphenols/*pharmacology MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Resveratrol MH - Stilbenes/pharmacology MH - Tea/chemistry PMC - PMC3926750 MID - NIHMS541999 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ABCA1 OT - ACAT OT - ACC OT - AGP OT - AMPK OT - ATGL OT - Animal OT - Antioxidants OT - Apo OT - BMI OT - BW OT - C/EBPalpha OT - CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha OT - CPT-1 OT - CVD OT - Cell OT - DBP OT - Dietary polyphenols OT - EC OT - ECG OT - EGC OT - EGCG OT - FA OT - FABP4 OT - FAS OT - FASN OT - FFA OT - FFM OT - FM OT - FOXO1 OT - GPAT OT - GPX OT - GSSG OT - GTC OT - GTE OT - GTP OT - HDL-C OT - HF OT - HOMA-IR OT - HSL OT - Human OT - IFN OT - IGF-I OT - IL OT - LDL-C OT - LPL OT - LXR OT - MAPK OT - MCP-1 OT - MDA OT - MMP OT - Molecular mechanism OT - NF-kappaB OT - Obesity OT - PAI-1 OT - PDEs OT - PGC-1alpha OT - PON OT - PPARgamma OT - RCT OT - ROS OT - SBP OT - SCD1 OT - SIRT1 OT - SOD OT - SREBP-1c OT - TBARS OT - TC OT - TG OT - TNF-alpha OT - UCP OT - aP2 OT - acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase OT - acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase OT - adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase OT - adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette A1 OT - adipocyte P2 protein, which is also known as aFABP, the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein or FAPB-4 OT - adipose triglyceride lipase OT - aminoalkyl glucosaminide 4-phosphate OT - apolipoprotein OT - body mass index OT - body weight OT - cAMP OT - cardiovascular disease OT - carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 OT - cyclic adenosine monophosphate OT - diastolic blood pressure OT - epicatechin OT - epicatechin gallate OT - epigallocatechin OT - epigallocatechin gallate OT - fat mass OT - fat-free mass OT - fatty acid OT - fatty acid binding protein 4 OT - fatty acid synthase OT - forkhead box protein O1 OT - free fatty acid OT - glutathione disulfide OT - glutathione peroxidase OT - glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase OT - green tea catechin OT - green tea extracts OT - green tea polyphenols OT - high fat OT - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol OT - homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance OT - hormone-sensitive lipase OT - insulin-like growth factor-I OT - interferon OT - interleukin OT - lipoprotein lipase OT - liver X receptor OT - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol OT - malondialdehyde OT - matrix metalloproteinase OT - mitogen-activated protein kinase OT - monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 OT - nuclear factor-kappaB OT - paraoxonase OT - peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma OT - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha OT - phosphodiesterases OT - plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 OT - randomized controlled trial OT - reactive oxygen species OT - sirtuin 1 OT - stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 OT - sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c OT - superoxide dismutase OT - systolic blood pressure OT - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances OT - total cholesterol OT - triglyceride OT - tumor necrosis factor-alpha OT - uncoupling protein EDAT- 2013/12/10 06:00 MHDA- 2014/07/30 06:00 PMCR- 2015/01/01 CRDT- 2013/12/10 06:00 PHST- 2013/04/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/07/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/09/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/12/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/12/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/07/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0955-2863(13)00161-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Jan;25(1):1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.001. PMID- 24274771 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140408 LR - 20140217 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 111 IP - 4 DP - 2014 Feb TI - Effects of dark chocolate and cocoa consumption on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in overweight adults. PG - 653-61 LID - 10.1017/S0007114513002912 [doi] AB - The consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate is associated with a lower risk of CVD, and improvements in endothelial function may mediate this relationship. Less is known about the effects of cocoa/chocolate on the augmentation index (AI), a measure of vascular stiffness and vascular tone in the peripheral arterioles. We enrolled thirty middle-aged, overweight adults in a randomised, placebo-controlled, 4-week, cross-over study. During the active treatment (cocoa) period, the participants consumed 37 g/d of dark chocolate and a sugar-free cocoa beverage (total cocoa = 22 g/d, total flavanols (TF) = 814 mg/d). Colour-matched controls included a low-flavanol chocolate bar and a cocoa-free beverage with no added sugar (TF = 3 mg/d). Treatments were matched for total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates and protein. The cocoa treatment significantly increased the basal diameter and peak diameter of the brachial artery by 6% (+2 mm) and basal blood flow volume by 22%. Substantial decreases in the AI, a measure of arterial stiffness, were observed in only women. Flow-mediated dilation and the reactive hyperaemia index remained unchanged. The consumption of cocoa had no effect on fasting blood measures, while the control treatment increased fasting insulin concentration and insulin resistance (P= 0.01). Fasting blood pressure (BP) remained unchanged, although the acute consumption of cocoa increased resting BP by 4 mmHg. In summary, the high-flavanol cocoa and dark chocolate treatment was associated with enhanced vasodilation in both conduit and resistance arteries and was accompanied by significant reductions in arterial stiffness in women. FAU - West, Sheila G AU - West SG AD - Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. FAU - McIntyre, Molly D AU - McIntyre MD AD - Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. FAU - Piotrowski, Matthew J AU - Piotrowski MJ AD - Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. FAU - Poupin, Nathalie AU - Poupin N AD - AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005 Paris, France. FAU - Miller, Debra L AU - Miller DL AD - The Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition, The Hershey Company, 1025 Reese Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. FAU - Preston, Amy G AU - Preston AG AD - The Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition, The Hershey Company, 1025 Reese Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. FAU - Wagner, Paul AU - Wagner P AD - Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. FAU - Groves, Lisa F AU - Groves LF AD - Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. FAU - Skulas-Ray, Ann C AU - Skulas-Ray AC AD - Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA. LA - eng GR - M01 RR 10732/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20131125 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Brachial Artery/drug effects/pathology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*physiopathology/prevention & control MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiopathology MH - Fasting MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Hyperemia MH - Insulin/blood MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity/blood/drug therapy/*physiopathology MH - Phytotherapy MH - Plant Preparations/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Sex Factors MH - Vascular Stiffness/*drug effects MH - Vasodilation/*drug effects EDAT- 2013/11/28 06:00 MHDA- 2014/04/09 06:00 CRDT- 2013/11/27 06:00 PHST- 2013/11/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/11/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/04/09 06:00 [medline] AID - S0007114513002912 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114513002912 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2014 Feb;111(4):653-61. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513002912. Epub 2013 Nov 25. PMID- 24259381 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141021 LR - 20140107 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 1 DP - 2014 Jan TI - Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential antiobesity-related diseases effect of cocoa polyphenols. PG - 33-48 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.201300277 [doi] AB - Obesity and related metabolic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension) are the most prevailing nutrition-related issues in the world. An emerging feature of obesity is their relationship with chronic inflammation that begins in white adipose tissue and eventually becomes systemic. One potential dietary strategy to reduce glucose intolerance and inflammation is consumption of polyphenol-rich cocoa-like cocoa or their by-products. In vitro as well as in vivo data indicate that cocoa polyphenols (CPs) may exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Polyphenols commonly found in cocoa have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism via inducing metabolic gene expression or activating transcription factors that regulate the expression of numerous genes, many of which play an important role in energy metabolism. Currently, several molecular targets (e.g., nuclear factor Kappa B, activated protein-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and adiponectin gene) have been identified, which may explain potential beneficial obesity-associated diseases effects of CPs. Further studies have been performed regarding the protective effects of CPs against metabolic diseases by suppressing transcription factors that antagonize lipid accumulation. Thus, polyphenols-rich cocoa products may diminish obesity-mediated metabolic diseases by multiple mechanisms, thereby attenuating chronic inflammation. CI - (c) 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Ali, Faisal AU - Ali F AD - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Ismail, Amin AU - Ismail A FAU - Kersten, Sander AU - Kersten S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20131121 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Adiponectin) RN - 0 (NF-kappa B) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM MH - Adiponectin/metabolism MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Glucose/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/drug therapy/etiology/genetics MH - MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects MH - Metabolic Diseases/drug therapy/etiology/metabolism MH - NF-kappa B/metabolism MH - Obesity/*complications/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Polyphenols/*pharmacology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cocoa polyphenols OT - Inflammation OT - Metabolic diseases OT - Molecular mechanism OT - Obesity EDAT- 2013/11/22 06:00 MHDA- 2014/10/22 06:00 CRDT- 2013/11/22 06:00 PHST- 2013/04/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/09/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/09/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/11/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/11/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/10/22 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.201300277 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Jan;58(1):33-48. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300277. Epub 2013 Nov 21. PMID- 33412666 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210108 IS - 1541-4337 (Electronic) IS - 1541-4337 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 5 DP - 2013 Sep TI - Functional Properties and Postharvest Utilization of Commercial and Noncommercial Banana Cultivars. PG - 509-522 LID - 10.1111/1541-4337.12025 [doi] AB - Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the world's most important crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Banana is a major source of macro-elements, especially potassium, and contains health-beneficial ingredients such as resistant starch, total dietary fibers, rapidly digestible starch, and slowly digestible starch. Oligosaccharides (fructooligosaccharides and inulin) and polyphenols ((+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, and gallic acid) are other ingredients present in bananas that have found application in the prevention of muscular contractions, regulation of blood pressure, prevention of colon cancer and diabetes, and in the cure of intestinal disorders when unripe. This review identifies the different commercial and noncommercial banana cultivars and their utilization. Commercial cultivars include Williams (M. acuminata cv. Williams), Dwarf Cavendish (M. acuminata cv. Petite Nain), Chinese Cavendish (M. acuminata cv. Chinese Cavendish), Grand Nain (M. acuminata cv. Grand Nain), and Goldfinger (M. acuminata cv. Goldfinger), with Mabounde and Luvhele identified as noncommercial varieties. Banana postharvest utilization includes its use as functional foods, prebiotics, probiotics, nutraceuticals, and processing into value-added products. CI - (c) 2013 Institute of Food Technologists(R). FAU - Anyasi, Tonna A AU - Anyasi TA AD - Dept. of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Univ. of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa. FAU - Jideani, Afam I O AU - Jideani AIO AD - Dept. of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Univ. of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa. FAU - Mchau, Godwin R A AU - Mchau GRA AD - Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Univ. of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa. LA - eng GR - Univ. of Venda Research/ PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf JT - Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety JID - 101305205 SB - IM EDAT- 2013/09/01 00:00 MHDA- 2013/09/01 00:01 CRDT- 2021/01/08 01:01 PHST- 2013/02/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/05/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/08 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2013/09/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/09/01 00:01 [medline] AID - 10.1111/1541-4337.12025 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2013 Sep;12(5):509-522. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12025. PMID- 23893195 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20131107 LR - 20130729 IS - 1128-3602 (Print) IS - 1128-3602 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 16 DP - 2013 Aug TI - Effects of dark chocolate in a population of normal weight obese women: a pilot study. PG - 2257-66 LID - 4958 [pii] AB - BACKGROUND: Normal weight obese (NWO) syndrome is defined as an excessive body fat associated with a normal body mass index and characterized by a higher risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have demonstrated that dark chocolate (DC) has beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DC consumption on lipid profile, inflammatory markers, biochemical parameters, and blood pressure, in NWO women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 women affected by NWO syndrome, aged 20-40 years, were included in the study. After a DC-free washout period, subjects received DC (100 g/die) containing 70% cocoa for 7-days. Body composition by Dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed at baseline. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and plasma levels of some cytokines were measured before and after DC consumption. RESULTS: After DC consumption, we observed a significant increase in the HDL cholesterol level (Delta% = +10.41+/-13,53; p 2000 mg/l, n 20) subjects to assess the influence of regularly consuming (4 weeks) two servings (15 g each) of a cocoa product rich in fibre (containing 33.9 % of total dietary fibre (TDF) and 13.9 mg/g of soluble polyphenols) in milk v. consuming only milk (control) on (1) serum lipid and lipoprotein profile, (2) serum malondialdehyde levels, carbonyl groups, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and free radical-scavenging capacity, (3) IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular and intracellular cell adhesion molecule levels, and (4) systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Throughout the study, the diet and physical activity of the volunteers, as well as any possible changes in weight or other anthropometric parameters, were also evaluated. The intake of TDF increased (P< 0.001) to the recommended levels. Serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were increased (P< 0.001), whereas glucose (P= 0.029), IL-1beta (P= 0.001) and IL-10 (P= 0.001) levels were decreased. The rest of the studied cardiovascular parameters, as well as the anthropometric ones, remained similar. In conclusion, regularly consuming a cocoa product with milk improves cardiovascular health by increasing HDL-C levels and inducing hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory effects in healthy and hypercholesterolaemic individuals without causing weight gain. FAU - Sarria, Beatriz AU - Sarria B AD - Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Martinez-Lopez, Sara AU - Martinez-Lopez S AD - Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Sierra-Cinos, Jose Luis AU - Sierra-Cinos JL AD - Department of Nutrition and Bromatology I, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Diz, Luis AU - Garcia-Diz L AD - Department of Nutrition and Bromatology I, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Mateos, Raquel AU - Mateos R AD - Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Bravo, Laura AU - Bravo L AD - Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130704 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Anticholesteremic Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*prevention & control MH - Cell Adhesion Molecules/blood MH - Cholesterol, HDL/*blood MH - Cytokines/blood MH - Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Female MH - Health Status MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*diet therapy MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Male MH - Malondialdehyde/blood MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Preparations/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Protein Carbonylation/drug effects MH - Reference Values MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2013/07/05 06:00 MHDA- 2014/06/17 06:00 CRDT- 2013/07/05 06:00 PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/06/17 06:00 [medline] AID - S000711451300202X [pii] AID - 10.1017/S000711451300202X [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2014 Jan 14;111(1):122-34. doi: 10.1017/S000711451300202X. Epub 2013 Jul 4. PMID- 23782751 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140122 LR - 20260128 IS - 1880-313X (Electronic) IS - 0388-6107 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 3 DP - 2013 Jun TI - Inhibitory effect of catechin-related compounds on renin activity. PG - 167-71 AB - Renin is a crucial enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system, and the inhibition of its activity is considered as a useful approach to the treatment of hypertension. The inhibitory effect of catechin-related compounds on renin was investigated in this work. It was found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) possessed the strongest activity with an IC(5)(0) value of 44.53 muM and acted in an uncompetitive manner. Gallated catechins exerted higher inhibition than the ungallated forms, and gallic acid exhibited an inhibitory potency close to that of epicatechin gallate (ECg). Results indicated that the galloyl moiety and ortho-trihydroxy phenyl structures might be favorable for the renin-inhibitory activity of these compounds. FAU - Li, Fengjuan AU - Li F AD - National Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan. FAU - Takahashi, Yoko AU - Takahashi Y FAU - Yamaki, Kohji AU - Yamaki K LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Japan TA - Biomed Res JT - Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan) JID - 8100317 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 632XD903SP (Gallic Acid) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - EC 3.4.23.15 (Renin) RN - 0 (Solutions) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 0 (Renin Inhibitors) RN - 92587OVD8Z (epicatechin gallate) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) RN - HEJ6575V1X (gallocatechol) SB - IM MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*chemistry MH - Catechin/*analogs & derivatives/*chemistry MH - Enzyme Assays MH - Gallic Acid/*chemistry MH - Humans MH - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry MH - Renin/chemistry MH - Solutions MH - Structure-Activity Relationship MH - Tea/chemistry MH - *Renin Inhibitors EDAT- 2013/06/21 06:00 MHDA- 2014/01/23 06:00 CRDT- 2013/06/21 06:00 PHST- 2013/06/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/06/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/01/23 06:00 [medline] AID - DN/JST.JSTAGE/biomedres/34.167 [pii] AID - 10.2220/biomedres.34.167 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biomed Res. 2013 Jun;34(3):167-71. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.34.167. PMID- 23642199 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140213 LR - 20210416 IS - 1545-4312 (Electronic) IS - 0199-9885 (Linking) VI - 33 DP - 2013 TI - Cocoa and human health. PG - 105-28 LID - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150642 [doi] AB - Cocoa is a dry, powdered, nonfat component product prepared from the seeds of the Theobroma cacao L. tree and is a common ingredient of many food products, particularly chocolate. Nutritionally, cocoa contains biologically active substances that may affect human health: flavonoids (epicatechin and oligomeric procyanidins), theobromine, and magnesium. Theobromine and epicatechin are absorbed efficiently in the small intestine, and the nature of their conjugates and metabolites are now known. Oligomeric procyanidins are poorly absorbed in the small intestine, but catabolites are very efficiently absorbed after microbial biotransformation in the colon. A significant number of studies, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, on the effects of cocoa and its constituent flavonoids have been conducted. Most human intervention studies have been performed on cocoa as an ingredient, whereas many in vitro studies have been performed on individual components. Approximately 70 human intervention studies have been carried out on cocoa and cocoa-containing products over the past 12 years, with a variety of endpoints. These studies indicate that the most robust biomarkers affected are endothelial function, blood pressure, and cholesterol level. Mechanistically, supporting evidence shows that epicatechin affects nitric oxide synthesis and breakdown (via inhibition of nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide phosphate oxidase) and the substrate arginine (via inhibition of arginase), among other targets. Evidence further supports cocoa as a biologically active ingredient with potential benefits on biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease. However, the calorie and sugar content of chocolate and its contribution to the total diet should be taken into account in intervention studies. FAU - Ellam, Samantha AU - Ellam S AD - School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. fs07sle@leeds.ac.uk FAU - Williamson, Gary AU - Williamson G LA - eng GR - Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20130429 PL - United States TA - Annu Rev Nutr JT - Annual review of nutrition JID - 8209988 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - *Diet MH - Flavonoids/metabolism MH - Functional Food MH - *Health Status MH - Humans MH - Magnesium/metabolism MH - Nutritive Value MH - Theobromine/metabolism EDAT- 2013/05/07 06:00 MHDA- 2014/02/14 06:00 CRDT- 2013/05/07 06:00 PHST- 2013/05/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/05/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/02/14 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150642 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Annu Rev Nutr. 2013;33:105-28. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150642. Epub 2013 Apr 29. PMID- 23637048 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140128 LR - 20171116 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 57 IP - 6 DP - 2013 Jun TI - Modulation of metabolic syndrome-related inflammation by cocoa. PG - 948-61 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.201200837 [doi] AB - Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L., Sterculiaceae) is a widely consumed food ingredient. Although typically found in high-fat, high-sugar foods such as chocolate, cocoa is rich in polyphenols, methylxanthines, and monounsaturated fatty acids. There is increasing evidence that moderate consumption of cocoa and cocoa-containing foods may have beneficial effects on the health including vasodilatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Polyphenols in cocoa, including monomeric flavanols, as well as polymeric proanthocyanidins, may play a role in these observed beneficial effects. Chronic inflammation represents a potential mechanistic link between obesity and its related pathologies: insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which comprise the metabolic syndrome. In the present review, we discuss the available data regarding the modulation of metabolic syndrome-related inflammation by cocoa and cocoa-derived compounds. We emphasize studies using laboratory animals or human subjects since such studies often represent the strongest available evidence for biological effects. In vitro studies are included to provide some mechanistic context, but are critically interpreted. Although the available data seem to support the anti-inflammatory effects of cocoa, further studies are needed with regard to the dose-response relationship as well as the underlying mechanisms of action. We hope this review will stimulate further research on cocoa and its anti-inflammatory activities. CI - (c) 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Gu, Yeyi AU - Gu Y AD - Center of Excellence for Plant and Mushroom Foods For Health, The Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. FAU - Lambert, Joshua D AU - Lambert JD LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20130502 PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/*diet therapy/drug therapy MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*complications EDAT- 2013/05/03 06:00 MHDA- 2014/01/29 06:00 CRDT- 2013/05/03 06:00 PHST- 2012/12/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/02/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/03/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/05/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/05/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/01/29 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.201200837 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Jun;57(6):948-61. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201200837. Epub 2013 May 2. PMID- 23631725 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150330 LR - 20211021 IS - 1475-2891 (Electronic) IS - 1475-2891 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2013 Apr 30 TI - Body weight status and cardiovascular risk factors in adults by frequency of candy consumption. PG - 53 LID - 10.1186/1475-2891-12-53 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Limited information is available regarding the impact of candy consumption on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between typical frequency of candy consumption and body weight status and select cardiovascular risk factors among adults in the United States. METHODS: Using data collected in the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), adults were categorized as infrequent ( 3 EO/month and 3.5 EO/week) candy consumers based on the combined frequency of chocolate and other candy consumption over the previous 12 months. Weight and adiposity status were analyzed using logistic regression models, and blood pressure, lipids, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed using linear regression models. Models were adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity, and also for additional covariates with potential associations with the outcomes. Appropriate statistical weights were used to yield results generalizable to the US population. RESULTS: Frequency of candy consumption was not associated with the risk of obesity, overweight/obesity, elevated waist circumference, elevated skinfold thickness, blood pressure, low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, or insulin resistance. Increased frequency of candy consumption was associated with higher energy intakes and higher energy adjusted intakes of carbohydrates, total sugars and added sugars, total fat, saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05), and lower adjusted intakes of protein and cholesterol (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased frequency of candy consumption among adults in the United States was not associated with objective measures of adiposity or select cardiovascular risk factors, despite associated dietary differences. Given the cross-sectional study design, however, it cannot be concluded that candy consumption does not cause obesity or untoward levels of cardiovascular risk markers. The lack of an association between frequency of candy consumption and cardiovascular risk factors could be due to reduced intake of candy among the overweight due to dieting or a health professional's recommendations. Additionally, it is important to note that the analysis was based on frequency of candy consumption and not amount of candy consumed. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the lack of associations between frequency of candy consumption and cardiovascular risk factors. FAU - Murphy, Mary M AU - Murphy MM FAU - Barraj, Leila M AU - Barraj LM FAU - Bi, Xiaoyu AU - Bi X FAU - Stettler, Nicolas AU - Stettler N LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130430 PL - England TA - Nutr J JT - Nutrition journal JID - 101152213 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) SB - IM MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Body Weight MH - Candy/*adverse effects MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Energy Intake MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nutrition Assessment MH - Nutrition Surveys MH - Obesity/*epidemiology MH - Overweight/*epidemiology MH - Risk Factors MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - United States/epidemiology MH - Waist Circumference PMC - PMC3644488 EDAT- 2013/05/02 06:00 MHDA- 2015/03/31 06:00 PMCR- 2013/04/30 CRDT- 2013/05/02 06:00 PHST- 2012/09/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/04/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/05/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/05/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/03/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/04/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1475-2891-12-53 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1475-2891-12-53 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr J. 2013 Apr 30;12:53. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-53. PMID- 23627503 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20131126 LR - 20220311 IS - 1549-7852 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8398 (Linking) VI - 53 IP - 6 DP - 2013 TI - Bioactive natural constituents from food sources-potential use in hypertension prevention and treatment. PG - 615-30 LID - 10.1080/10408398.2010.550071 [doi] AB - Prevention and management of hypertension are the major public health challenges worldwide. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may lead to a shortened life expectancy and a higher morbidity due to a high risk of cardiovascular complications such as coronary heart disease (which leads to heart attack) and stroke, congestive heart failure, heart rhythm irregularities, and kidney failure etc. In recent years, it has been recognized that many dietary constituents may contribute to human cardiovascular health. There has been an increased focus on identifying these natural components of foods, describing their physiological activities and mechanisms of actions. Grain, vegetables, fruits, milk, cheese, meat, chicken, egg, fish, soybean, tea, wine, mushrooms, and lactic acid bacteria are various food sources with potential antihypertensive effects. Their main bioactive constituents include angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides, vitamins C and E, flavonoids, flavanols, cathecins, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, polyphenols, tannins, resveratrol, polysaccharides, fiber, saponin, sterols, as well as K, Ca, and P. They may reduce blood pressure by different mechanisms, such as ACE inhibition effect, antioxidant, vasodilatory, opiate-like, Ca(2+) channel blocking, and chymase inhibitory activities. These functional foods may provide new therapeutic applications for hypertension prevention and treatment, and contribute to a healthy cardiovascular population. The present review summarizes the antihypertensive food sources and their bioactive constituents, as well as physiological mechanisms of dietary products, especially focusing on ACE inhibitory activity. FAU - Huang, Wu-Yang AU - Huang WY AD - Department of Functional Food and Bioactive compounds, Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PR China. FAU - Davidge, Sandra T AU - Davidge ST FAU - Wu, Jianping AU - Wu J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - United States TA - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr JT - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition JID - 8914818 RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Dairy Products/analysis MH - Edible Grain/chemistry MH - Eggs/analysis MH - Fabaceae/chemistry MH - Fruit/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy/*prevention & control MH - Meat/analysis MH - Nuts/chemistry MH - Tea/chemistry MH - Vegetables/chemistry EDAT- 2013/05/01 06:00 MHDA- 2013/12/16 06:00 CRDT- 2013/05/01 06:00 PHST- 2013/05/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/05/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/12/16 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1080/10408398.2010.550071 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53(6):615-30. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2010.550071. PMID- 23595874 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130715 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 97 IP - 6 DP - 2013 Jun TI - Effect of cocoa and theobromine consumption on serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations: a randomized controlled trial. PG - 1201-9 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.112.047373 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Evidence from clinical studies has suggested that cocoa may increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations. However, it is unclear whether this effect is attributable to flavonoids or theobromine, both of which are major cocoa components. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether pure theobromine increases serum HDL cholesterol and whether there is an interaction effect between theobromine and cocoa. DESIGN: The study had a 2-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, full factorial parallel design. After a 2-wk run-in period, 152 healthy men and women (aged 40-70 y) were randomly allocated to consume one 200-mL drink/d for 4 wk that contained 1) cocoa, which naturally provided 150 mg theobromine and 325 mg flavonoids [cocoa intervention (CC)], 2) 850 mg pure theobromine [theobromine intervention (TB)], 3) cocoa and added theobromine, which provided 1000 mg theobromine and 325 mg flavonoids [theobromine and cocoa intervention (TB+CC)], or 4) neither cocoa nor theobromine (placebo). Blood lipids and apolipoproteins were measured at the start and end of interventions. RESULTS: In a 2-factor analysis, there was a significant main effect of the TB (P < 0.0001) but not CC (P = 0.1288) on HDL cholesterol but no significant interaction (P = 0.3735). The TB increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations by 0.16 mmol/L (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a significant main effect of the TB on increasing apolipoprotein A-I (P < 0.0001) and decreasing apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Theobromine independently increased serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations by 0.16 mmol/L. The lack of significant cocoa and interaction effects suggested that theobromine may be the main ingredient responsible for the HDL cholesterol-raising effect. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01481389. FAU - Neufingerl, Nicole AU - Neufingerl N AD - Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. nicole.neufingerl@unilever.com FAU - Zebregs, Yvonne E M P AU - Zebregs YE FAU - Schuring, Ewoud A H AU - Schuring EA FAU - Trautwein, Elke A AU - Trautwein EA LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01481389 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130417 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Apolipoprotein A-I) RN - 0 (Apolipoproteins B) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Apolipoprotein A-I/blood MH - Apolipoproteins B/blood MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cholesterol, HDL/*blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Theobromine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects EDAT- 2013/04/19 06:00 MHDA- 2013/07/17 06:00 CRDT- 2013/04/19 06:00 PHST- 2013/04/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/04/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/07/17 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)05538-7 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.112.047373 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jun;97(6):1201-9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.047373. Epub 2013 Apr 17. PMID- 23565841 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150330 LR - 20211021 IS - 1475-2891 (Electronic) IS - 1475-2891 (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2013 Apr 8 TI - Blood pressure and endothelial function in healthy, pregnant women after acute and daily consumption of flavanol-rich chocolate: a pilot, randomized controlled trial. PG - 41 LID - 10.1186/1475-2891-12-41 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) indicate that flavanol-rich chocolate has beneficial effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood pressure (BP). However, no RCTs have evaluated these outcomes in pregnant women. The objective of this 2-group, parallel, double-blind RCT was to examine the effects of flavanol-rich chocolate on FMD and BP in pregnant women with normal BP. METHODS: Forty-four healthy, pregnant women were randomized to the high-flavanol (n = 23) or low-flavanol (n = 21) chocolate consumption for 12 weeks. At randomization (0, 60, 120 and 180 min after a single 40-g dose of chocolate), 6 and 12 weeks after daily 20-g chocolate intake, we evaluated plasma concentrations of flavanols and theobromine, as well as the FMD and BP. RESULTS: Plasma epicatechin was significantly increased (p < 0.001) 180 min after the consumption of 40-g high-flavanol chocolate compared to low-flavanol chocolate. Theobromine concentrations were significantly higher 180 min and 12 weeks after the intake of experimental chocolate or low-flavanol chocolate (p < 0.001). FMD was not different between the 2 groups at all pre-defined time periods. No other significant within-group or between-group changes were observed. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the feasibility of a large-scale RCT comparing daily consumption of flavanol-rich chocolate to an equivalent placebo during pregnancy and demonstrate higher plasma epicatechin and theobromine concentration in the intervention group after acute ingestion TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01659060. FAU - Mogollon, Jaime Andres AU - Mogollon JA FAU - Bujold, Emmanuel AU - Bujold E FAU - Lemieux, Simone AU - Lemieux S FAU - Bourdages, Melodie AU - Bourdages M FAU - Blanchet, Claudine AU - Blanchet C FAU - Bazinet, Laurent AU - Bazinet L FAU - Couillard, Charles AU - Couillard C FAU - Noel, Martin AU - Noel M FAU - Dodin, Sylvie AU - Dodin S LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01659060 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20130408 PL - England TA - Nutr J JT - Nutrition journal JID - 101152213 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - C137DTR5RG (Theophylline) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Caffeine/blood MH - *Candy MH - Catechin/blood MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium/*physiology MH - Energy Intake MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Patient Compliance MH - Pilot Projects MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage/blood MH - Pregnancy MH - Theobromine/blood MH - Theophylline/blood MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC3635935 EDAT- 2013/04/10 06:00 MHDA- 2015/03/31 06:00 PMCR- 2013/04/08 CRDT- 2013/04/10 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/04/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/04/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/04/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/03/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/04/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1475-2891-12-41 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1475-2891-12-41 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr J. 2013 Apr 8;12:41. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-41. PMID- 23553151 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130617 LR - 20250529 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 97 IP - 5 DP - 2013 May TI - Vascular function and atherosclerosis progression after 1 y of flavonoid intake in statin-treated postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. PG - 936-42 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.112.043745 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: In healthy participants, short-term flavan-3-ol and isoflavone intakes improve vascular function; however, the potential combined benefit of these compounds on atherosclerosis progression remains unclear for those at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether combined isoflavone and flavan-3-ol intake alters vascular function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN: A double-blind, parallel-design, placebo-controlled 1-y trial was conducted in postmenopausal T2DM patients randomly assigned to a split dose of 27 g flavonoid-enriched chocolate/d [850 mg flavan-3-ols (90 mg epicatechin) + 100 mg isoflavones (aglycone equivalents)/d] or matched placebo. Intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index, blood pressure (BP), and vascular biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 93 patients completed the trial. Overall, the flavonoid intervention did not significantly change CCA-IMT, augmentation index, or BP, but pulse pressure variability improved (flavonoid: -0.11 +/- 0.07 mm Hg/min; placebo: 0.10 +/- 0.11 mm Hg/min; P = 0.04). In a subgroup with PWV data, net improvements were observed [flavonoid (n = 18): -0.07 +/- 0.38 m/s; placebo (n = 17): 0.68 +/- 0.25 m/s; P = 0.01], which equated to a 10% CV risk reduction. Equol producers (n = 17) had larger reductions in diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and PWV (-2.24 +/- 1.31 mm Hg, -1.24 +/- 1.30 mm Hg, and -0.68 +/- 0.40 m/s, respectively; P < 0.01) compared with non-equol producers (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS: Although the 1-y intervention did not change CCA-IMT or BP, clinically relevant improvements in arterial stiffness were observed; equol producers were particularly responsive. Flavonoids may augment existing therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal T2DM patients, and longer studies are needed to examine the effects on atherosclerosis progression. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00677599. FAU - Curtis, Peter J AU - Curtis PJ AD - Departments of Nutrition and Radiology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom. FAU - Potter, John AU - Potter J FAU - Kroon, Paul A AU - Kroon PA FAU - Wilson, Paddy AU - Wilson P FAU - Dhatariya, Ketan AU - Dhatariya K FAU - Sampson, Mike AU - Sampson M FAU - Cassidy, Aedin AU - Cassidy A LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00677599 GR - BBS/E/F/00043039/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130403 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Isoflavones) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Arterial Pressure/drug effects MH - Atherosclerosis/*drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Carotid Artery, Common/drug effects MH - Carotid Intima-Media Thickness MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology MH - Diet MH - Disease Progression MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use MH - Isoflavones/*administration & dosage MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Compliance MH - Postmenopause MH - Pulse Wave Analysis MH - Vascular Stiffness/drug effects EDAT- 2013/04/05 06:00 MHDA- 2013/06/19 06:00 CRDT- 2013/04/05 06:00 PHST- 2013/04/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/04/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/06/19 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)05498-9 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.112.043745 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 May;97(5):936-42. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.043745. Epub 2013 Apr 3. PMID- 23547589 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130520 LR - 20130403 IS - 1532-0650 (Electronic) IS - 0002-838X (Linking) VI - 87 IP - 7 DP - 2013 Apr 1 TI - Effect of cocoa on blood pressure. PG - 484 FAU - Fogleman, Corey D AU - Fogleman CD AD - Lancaster General Hospital Residency, Lancaster, PA, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Am Fam Physician JT - American family physician JID - 1272646 SB - IM MH - Beverages MH - *Cacao MH - Candy MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2013/04/04 06:00 MHDA- 2013/05/22 06:00 CRDT- 2013/04/04 06:00 PHST- 2013/04/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/04/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/05/22 06:00 [medline] AID - d10962 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Am Fam Physician. 2013 Apr 1;87(7):484. PMID- 23533716 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20130328 LR - 20211021 IS - 2090-0384 (Print) IS - 2090-0392 (Electronic) IS - 2090-0384 (Linking) VI - 2013 DP - 2013 TI - Characterisation of hypertensive patients with improved endothelial function after dark chocolate consumption. PG - 985087 LID - 10.1155/2013/985087 [doi] LID - 985087 AB - Recent findings indicate an inverse relationship between cardiovascular disease and consumption of flavonoids. We aimed to identify clinical and vascular parameters of treated hypertensive who present beneficial effects of dark chocolate for one-week period on vascular function. Twenty-one hypertensive subjects, aged 40-65 years, were included in a prospective study with measurement of blood pressure (BP), brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), peripheral arterial tonometry, and central hemodynamic parameters. These tests were repeated after seven days of eating dark chocolate 75 g/day. Patients were divided according to the response in FMD: responders (n = 12) and nonresponders (n = 9). The responder group presented lower age (54 +/- 7 versus 61 +/- 6 years, P = 0.037), Framingham risk score (FRS) (2.5 +/- 1.8 versus 8.1 +/- 5.1%, P = 0.017), values of peripheral (55 +/- 9 versus 63 +/- 5 mmHg, P = 0.041), and central pulse pressure (PP) (44 +/- 10 versus 54 +/- 6 mmHg, P = 0.021). FMD response showed negative correlation with FRS (r = -0.60, P = 0.014), baseline FMD (r = -0.54, P = 0.011), baseline reactive hyperemia index (RHI; r = -0.56, P = 0.008), and central PP (r = -0.43, P = 0.05). However, after linear regression analysis, only FRS and baseline RHI were associated with FMD response. In conclusion, one-week dark chocolate intake significantly improved endothelial function and reduced BP in younger hypertensive with impaired endothelial function in spite of lower cardiovascular risk. FAU - d'El-Rei, Jenifer AU - d'El-Rei J AD - Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Mariz e Barros 775, 20270-004 Rio de Janeiro, Rj, Brazil. FAU - Cunha, Ana Rosa AU - Cunha AR FAU - Burla, Adriana AU - Burla A FAU - Burla, Marcelo AU - Burla M FAU - Oigman, Wille AU - Oigman W FAU - Neves, Mario Fritsch AU - Neves MF FAU - Virdis, Agostino AU - Virdis A FAU - Medeiros, Fernanda AU - Medeiros F LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20130305 PL - United States TA - Int J Hypertens JT - International journal of hypertension JID - 101538881 PMC - PMC3603200 EDAT- 2013/03/28 06:00 MHDA- 2013/03/28 06:01 PMCR- 2013/03/05 CRDT- 2013/03/28 06:00 PHST- 2012/11/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/02/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/02/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/03/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/03/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/03/28 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2013/03/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2013/985087 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Hypertens. 2013;2013:985087. doi: 10.1155/2013/985087. Epub 2013 Mar 5. PMID- 23462053 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20131216 LR - 20130306 IS - 1872-9061 (Electronic) IS - 0300-2977 (Linking) VI - 71 IP - 2 DP - 2013 Mar TI - Chocolate/cocoa and human health: a review. PG - 63-8 AB - Chocolate/cocoa has been known for its good taste and proposed health effects for centuries. Earlier, chocolate used to be criticised for its fat content and its consumption was a sin rather than a remedy, associated with acne, caries, obesity, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease and diabetes. Therefore, many physicians tended to warn patients about the potential health hazards of consuming large amounts of chocolate. However, the recent discovery of biologically active phenolic compounds in cocoa has changed this perception and stimulated research on its effects in ageing, oxidative stress, blood pressure regulation, and atherosclerosis. Today, chocolate is lauded for its tremendous antioxidant potential. However, in many studies, contradictory results and concerns about methodological issues have made it hard for health professionals and the public to understand the available evidence on chocolate's effects on health. The purpose of this review is to interpret research done in the last decade on the benefits and risks of chocolate consumption. FAU - Latif, R AU - Latif R AD - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. dr.rabialatif@gmail.com LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Netherlands TA - Neth J Med JT - The Netherlands journal of medicine JID - 0356133 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Xanthines) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - *Cacao MH - Dietary Fats/pharmacology MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - *Health Status MH - Humans MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - Xanthines/pharmacology EDAT- 2013/03/07 06:00 MHDA- 2013/12/18 06:00 CRDT- 2013/03/07 06:00 PHST- 2013/03/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/03/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/12/18 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Neth J Med. 2013 Mar;71(2):63-8. PMID- 23457726 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130703 LR - 20130301 IS - 1522-9645 (Electronic) IS - 0195-668X (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 4 DP - 2013 Jan TI - Cocoa and cardiology: the defence counsel is still working hard. PG - 247-8 FAU - Shurlock, Barry AU - Shurlock B LA - eng PT - News PL - England TA - Eur Heart J JT - European heart journal JID - 8006263 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology MH - *Cacao MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control EDAT- 2013/03/05 06:00 MHDA- 2013/07/05 06:00 CRDT- 2013/03/05 06:00 PHST- 2013/03/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/03/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Eur Heart J. 2013 Jan;34(4):247-8. PMID- 23430658 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20131226 LR - 20211021 IS - 1534-3111 (Electronic) IS - 1522-6417 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 3 DP - 2013 Jun TI - Evidence of clinically relevant efficacy for dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. PG - 260-7 LID - 10.1007/s11906-013-0333-8 [doi] AB - Beyond the well-known effects on blood pressure (BP) of the DASH and the Mediterranean diets, a large number of studies have investigated the possible a BP-lowering effect from different dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, mostly antioxidant agents with a high tolerability and safety profile. In particular, a relatively large body of evidence support the use of potassium, L-arginine, vitamin C, cocoa flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, controlled-release melatonin, and aged garlic extract. However there is a need for data about the long-term safety of a large part of these products. Moreover, further clinical research is advisable to identify between the available active nutraceuticals and those with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for widespread use in a general population with low added cardiovascular risk related to uncomplicated hypertension. FAU - Cicero, Arrigo F G AU - Cicero AF AD - Medical and Surgical Science Department, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15 - Pad. 2, 40138, Bologna, Italy. FAU - Borghi, Claudio AU - Borghi C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Curr Hypertens Rep JT - Current hypertension reports JID - 100888982 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone) RN - EJ27X76M46 (coenzyme Q10) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/*metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy MH - Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives/metabolism EDAT- 2013/02/23 06:00 MHDA- 2013/12/27 06:00 CRDT- 2013/02/23 06:00 PHST- 2013/02/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/02/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/12/27 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s11906-013-0333-8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013 Jun;15(3):260-7. doi: 10.1007/s11906-013-0333-8. PMID- 23378455 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130729 LR - 20211021 IS - 1541-1087 (Electronic) IS - 0731-5724 (Print) IS - 0731-5724 (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 4 DP - 2012 Aug TI - Habitual flavonoid intake and endothelial function in healthy humans. PG - 275-9 AB - OBJECTIVE: Endothelial function, as measured by noninvasive techniques, is known to vary widely within populations. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that this variation is determined in large part by a person's habitual dietary intake of flavonoids. METHODS: This was an analytical study examining the relationship between endothelial function and dietary flavonoids in 19 healthy older adults (mean age 72 years). The study took place in the inpatient Clinical Research Center of the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Habitual flavonoid intake was assessed via a focused food frequency questionnaire. Endothelial function, measured as the reactive hyperemia response to 1 dose of flavonoid-rich cocoa, was recorded with a plethysmographic device via peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT). RESULTS: Background flavonoid intake and the reactive hyperemia PAT (RH-PAT) response were significantly correlated (r = 0.7, p = 0.001); subjects with higher habitual flavonoid intake showed a significantly greater RH-PAT response than did lower consumers. PAT response to cocoa was also significantly correlated with simultaneous flavanol concentration in the blood (r = 0.5, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Individual variation in endothelial function among healthy older people, measured as PAT response to flavonoid-rich cocoa, is highly dependent upon usual daily flavonoid consumption. These data raise the possibility that the consumption of fruits and vegetables dictates basal endothelial function, likely related to their flavonoid content and influence on nitric oxide. FAU - Fisher, Naomi D L AU - Fisher ND AD - Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nfisher@partners.org FAU - Hurwitz, Shelley AU - Hurwitz S FAU - Hollenberg, Norman K AU - Hollenberg NK LA - eng GR - 1 UL1 RR025758-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - R01HL89570/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 RR025758/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL089570/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - M01-02635/PHS HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Nutr JT - Journal of the American College of Nutrition JID - 8215879 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/metabolism MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/blood MH - Fruit MH - Humans MH - Hyperemia/drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Manometry/methods MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Plethysmography MH - Prospective Studies MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Vegetables PMC - PMC3835438 MID - NIHMS525396 EDAT- 2013/02/05 06:00 MHDA- 2013/07/31 06:00 PMCR- 2013/11/20 CRDT- 2013/02/05 06:00 PHST- 2013/02/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/02/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/07/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/11/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 31/4/275 [pii] AID - 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720433 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Nutr. 2012 Aug;31(4):275-9. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720433. PMID- 23251771 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20121220 LR - 20241121 IS - 2040-6223 (Print) IS - 2040-6231 (Electronic) IS - 2040-6223 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 2 DP - 2012 Mar TI - Evidence for a protective effect of polyphenols-containing foods on cardiovascular health: an update for clinicians. PG - 87-106 LID - 10.1177/2040622311430006 [doi] AB - Growing evidence suggests that polyphenols could be serious candidates to explain the protective effects of plant-derived foods and beverages. Based on current studies, a general consensus has been achieved to sustain the hypothesis that the specific intake of foods and beverages containing relatively high concentrations of flavonoids may play a meaningful role in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk through an improvement in vascular function and a modulation of inflammation. This review aims at providing an update on the effects of the consumption of polyphenols-rich foods on intermediate clinical markers of CVD in humans, namely cholesterolemia, blood pressure, endothelial function and platelet function. To date, on the basis of clinical studies, the demonstration is particularly convincing for flavonoids from cocoa-derived products and to a lesser extent for those of tea. While additional studies in this area are clearly needed, incorporating plant foods that are rich in flavanols in the diet of healthy individuals could help to reduce CVD risk. For flavonoids from fruits such as berries, pomegranate, grapes or citrus fruits and those from beverages such as red wine or coffee, the evidence is so far inconclusive. This is primarily due to the limited number and the weakness of experimental designs of the studies performed with these dietary sources. Future long-term well-designed investigations with polyphenols-rich foods but also with isolated phenolic compounds would provide valuable information to establish public health recommendations on polyphenols, taking into account both the nature of the compounds and the optimal dose, for cardiovascular health protection. FAU - Habauzit, Veronique AU - Habauzit V FAU - Morand, Christine AU - Morand C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Ther Adv Chronic Dis JT - Therapeutic advances in chronic disease JID - 101532140 PMC - PMC3513903 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood lipids OT - blood pressure OT - dietary polyphenols OT - endothelial function OT - flavonoids OT - nutritional prevention of cardiovascular diseases OT - platelet function OT - randomized controlled clinical trials COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest in preparing this article. EDAT- 2012/12/20 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/20 06:01 PMCR- 2012/03/01 CRDT- 2012/12/20 06:00 PHST- 2012/12/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/12/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/20 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2012/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1177_2040622311430006 [pii] AID - 10.1177/2040622311430006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2012 Mar;3(2):87-106. doi: 10.1177/2040622311430006. PMID- 23209885 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20121205 LR - 20211021 IS - 2090-0392 (Electronic) IS - 2090-0384 (Print) IS - 2090-0384 (Linking) VI - 2012 DP - 2012 TI - Consumption of high-polyphenol dark chocolate improves endothelial function in individuals with stage 1 hypertension and excess body weight. PG - 147321 LID - 10.1155/2012/147321 [doi] LID - 147321 AB - Background. Hypertension and excess body weight are important risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that high-polyphenol dark chocolate improves endothelial function and lowers blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the association of chocolate 70% cocoa intake with metabolic profile, oxidative stress, inflammation, blood pressure, and endothelial function in stage 1 hypertensives with excess body weight. Methods. Intervention clinical trial includes 22 stage 1 hypertensives without previous antihypertensive treatment, aged 18 to 60 years and presents a body mass index between 25.0 and 34.9 kg/m(2). All participants were instructed to consume 50 g of chocolate 70% cocoa/day (2135 mg polyphenols) for 4 weeks. Endothelial function was evaluated by peripheral artery tonometry using Endo-PAT 2000 (Itamar Medical). Results. Twenty participants (10 men) completed the study. Comparison of pre-post intervention revealed that (1) there were no significant changes in anthropometric parameters, percentage body fat, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, biomarkers of inflammation, adhesion molecules, oxidized LDL, and blood pressure; (2) the assessment of endothelial function through the reactive hyperemia index showed a significant increase: 1.94 +/- 0.18 to 2.22 +/- 0.08, P = 0.01. Conclusion.In individuals with stage 1 hypertension and excess body weight, high-polyphenol dark chocolate improves endothelial function. FAU - Nogueira, Livia de Paula AU - Nogueira Lde P AD - Discipline of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Rio de Janeiro State University, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. FAU - Knibel, Marcela Paranhos AU - Knibel MP FAU - Torres, Marcia Regina Simas Goncalves AU - Torres MR FAU - Nogueira Neto, Jose Firmino AU - Nogueira Neto JF FAU - Sanjuliani, Antonio Felipe AU - Sanjuliani AF LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20121108 PL - United States TA - Int J Hypertens JT - International journal of hypertension JID - 101538881 PMC - PMC3502851 EDAT- 2012/12/05 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/05 06:01 PMCR- 2012/11/08 CRDT- 2012/12/05 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/09/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/12/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/12/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/05 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2012/11/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2012/147321 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Hypertens. 2012;2012:147321. doi: 10.1155/2012/147321. Epub 2012 Nov 8. PMID- 23150750 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130403 LR - 20230429 IS - 1942-0994 (Electronic) IS - 1942-0900 (Print) IS - 1942-0994 (Linking) VI - 2012 DP - 2012 TI - Cocoa polyphenols and their potential benefits for human health. PG - 906252 LID - 10.1155/2012/906252 [doi] LID - 906252 AB - This paper compiles the beneficial effects of cocoa polyphenols on human health, especially with regard to cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer prevention. Their antioxidant properties may be responsible for many of their pharmacological effects, including the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the protection of LDL-cholesterol against oxidation, and increase resistance to oxidative stress. The phenolics from cocoa also modify the glycemic response and the lipid profile, decreasing platelet function and inflammation along with diastolic and systolic arterial pressures, which, taken together, may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Cocoa polyphenols can also modulate intestinal inflammation through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration and expression of different transcription factors, which leads to decreases in the production of proinflammatory enzymes and cytokines. The phenolics from cocoa may thus protect against diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a causal or contributing factor, such as cancer. They also have antiproliferative, antimutagenic, and chemoprotective effects, in addition to their anticariogenic effects. FAU - Andujar, I AU - Andujar I AD - Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. FAU - Recio, M C AU - Recio MC FAU - Giner, R M AU - Giner RM FAU - Rios, J L AU - Rios JL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20121024 PL - United States TA - Oxid Med Cell Longev JT - Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity JID - 101479826 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Biological Availability MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Disease MH - *Health MH - Humans MH - Polyphenols/chemistry/*pharmacology PMC - PMC3488419 EDAT- 2012/11/15 06:00 MHDA- 2013/04/04 06:00 PMCR- 2012/10/24 CRDT- 2012/11/15 06:00 PHST- 2012/02/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/05/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/05/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/11/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/11/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/04/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1155/2012/906252 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:906252. doi: 10.1155/2012/906252. Epub 2012 Oct 24. PMID- 23144313 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130305 LR - 20211021 IS - 1522-1539 (Electronic) IS - 0363-6135 (Print) IS - 0363-6135 (Linking) VI - 304 IP - 2 DP - 2013 Jan 15 TI - (-)-Epicatechin administration and exercising skeletal muscle vascular control and microvascular oxygenation in healthy rats. PG - H206-14 LID - 10.1152/ajpheart.00714.2012 [doi] AB - Consumption of the dietary flavanol (-)-epicatechin (EPI) is associated with enhanced endothelial function and augmented skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial volume density. The potential for EPI to improve peripheral vascular function and muscle oxygenation during exercise is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that EPI administration in healthy rats would improve treadmill exercise performance secondary to elevated skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance [VC, blood flow/mean arterial pressure (MAP)] and improved skeletal muscle microvascular oxygenation. Rats received water (control, n = 12) or 4 mg/kg EPI (n = 12) via oral gavage daily for 24 days. Exercise endurance capacity and peak O(2) uptake (Vo(2) peak) were measured via treadmill runs to exhaustion. MAP (arterial catheter) and blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) were measured and VC was calculated during submaximal treadmill exercise (25 m/min, 5% grade). Spinotrapezius muscle microvascular O(2) pressure (Po(2mv)) was measured (phosphorescence quenching) during electrically induced twitch (1 Hz) contractions. In conscious rats, EPI administration resulted in lower ( downward arrow~5%) resting (P = 0.03) and exercising (P = 0.04) MAP. There were no differences in exercise endurance capacity, Vo(2) peak, total exercising hindlimb blood flow (control, 154 +/- 13; and EPI, 159 +/- 8 ml.min(-1).100 g(-1), P = 0.68), or VC (control, 1.13 +/- 0.10; and EPI, 1.24 +/- 0.08 ml.min(-1).100 g(-1).mmHg(-1), P = 0.21) between groups. Following anesthesia, EPI resulted in lower MAP ( downward arrow~16%) but did not impact resting Po(2mv) or any kinetics parameters (P > 0.05 for all) during muscle contractions compared with control. EPI administration (4 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) improved modestly cardiovascular function (i.e., downward arrowMAP) with no impact on exercise performance, total exercising skeletal muscle blood flow and VC, or contracting muscle microvascular oxygenation in healthy rats. FAU - Copp, Steven W AU - Copp SW AD - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. FAU - Inagaki, Tadakatsu AU - Inagaki T FAU - White, Michael J AU - White MJ FAU - Hirai, Daniel M AU - Hirai DM FAU - Ferguson, Scott K AU - Ferguson SK FAU - Holdsworth, Clark T AU - Holdsworth CT FAU - Sims, Gabrielle E AU - Sims GE FAU - Poole, David C AU - Poole DC FAU - Musch, Timothy I AU - Musch TI LA - eng GR - HL-108328/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20121109 PL - United States TA - Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol JT - American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology JID - 100901228 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - S88TT14065 (Oxygen) SB - IM MH - Administration, Oral MH - Animals MH - Arterial Pressure/drug effects MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Exercise Tolerance/drug effects MH - Hindlimb MH - Kinetics MH - Male MH - Microcirculation/*drug effects MH - Muscle Contraction/*drug effects MH - Muscle, Skeletal/*blood supply/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Oxygen/*blood MH - Oxygen Consumption/*drug effects MH - *Physical Exertion MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Regional Blood Flow/drug effects MH - Running MH - Vasodilation/drug effects PMC - PMC3543670 EDAT- 2012/11/13 06:00 MHDA- 2013/03/06 06:00 PMCR- 2014/01/15 CRDT- 2012/11/13 06:00 PHST- 2012/11/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/11/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/03/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/01/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ajpheart.00714.2012 [pii] AID - H-00714-2012 [pii] AID - 10.1152/ajpheart.00714.2012 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013 Jan 15;304(2):H206-14. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00714.2012. Epub 2012 Nov 9. PMID- 23142352 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140826 LR - 20161020 IS - 1089-8611 (Electronic) IS - 1089-8603 (Linking) VI - 29 DP - 2013 Feb 28 TI - Nitric oxide mediates the antihypertensive and vascular relaxing effects of a soluble cocoa fiber product in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PG - 1-3 LID - S1089-8603(12)00403-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.niox.2012.10.006 [doi] AB - The involvement of endothelial-relaxing factors on the vascular and antihypertensive effects of a cocoa fiber product (CFP) obtained from cocoa husks was studied. We carried out in vitro experiments with aorta rings from untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in vivo experiments with SHR. CFP did not relax the endothelium denuded aorta rings and N(W)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) partially blocked the vascular relaxing and antihypertensive effects of CFP. Nevertheless, indomethacin did not modify these effects. Nitric oxide mediates therefore the antihypertensive and aorta relaxing effects of CFP in SHR. CI - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Fernandez Vallinas, S AU - Fernandez Vallinas S AD - Dpto. Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Lopez Carreras, N AU - Lopez Carreras N FAU - Miguel, M AU - Miguel M FAU - Aleixandre, A AU - Aleixandre A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20121109 PL - United States TA - Nitric Oxide JT - Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry JID - 9709307 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology MH - Aorta/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Muscle Relaxation/*drug effects MH - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Solubility EDAT- 2012/11/13 06:00 MHDA- 2014/08/27 06:00 CRDT- 2012/11/13 06:00 PHST- 2012/07/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/10/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/10/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/11/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/11/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/08/27 06:00 [medline] AID - S1089-8603(12)00403-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.niox.2012.10.006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nitric Oxide. 2013 Feb 28;29:1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.10.006. Epub 2012 Nov 9. PMID- 23016719 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130816 LR - 20180605 IS - 1873-4286 (Electronic) IS - 1381-6128 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 9 DP - 2013 TI - Is there a role for antioxidants in the treatment of stable angina? PG - 1601-15 AB - Medical treatment plays an important role in the therapy of coronary artery disease and stable angina. Whereas nitrates are used to improve symptoms, beta-blockers, statins, and ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers are given also to target prognosis in part by slowing the progression of disease. Major cardiovascular risk factors including tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In animal models, increased ROS production was associated with the initial steps of atherosclerosis including vascular cell dysfunction, intimal hypertrophy, the formation and destabilization of plaque. As a consequence, ROS were believed to be major contributors to the development of cardiovascular diseases and antioxidant treatments were proposed as promising therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, intervention studies with antioxidant vitamins have failed to positively affect cardiovascular outcome in prospective trials. Specific inhibitors of prooxidant enzymes are being developed but their efficacy to improve cardiovascular endpoints has not been tested so far. Newer evidence suggests that phytonutrients including flavanols may posses vascular protective effects that are independent of their antioxidant properties observed in vitro. Taken together, there is currently not enough evidence that treatment with antioxidants per se will play a role in cardiovascular medicine. FAU - Schuler, Dominik AU - Schuler D AD - University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany. FAU - Sansone, Roberto AU - Sansone R FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Curr Pharm Des JT - Current pharmaceutical design JID - 9602487 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) SB - IM MH - Angina Pectoris/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Antioxidants/*therapeutic use MH - Atherosclerosis/drug therapy/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism MH - Risk Factors EDAT- 2012/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2013/08/21 06:00 CRDT- 2012/09/29 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/09/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/09/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/08/21 06:00 [medline] AID - CPD-EPUB-20120919-1 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(9):1601-15. PMID- 22996837 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130425 LR - 20260128 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 56 IP - 11 DP - 2012 Nov TI - Relative impact of flavonoid composition, dose and structure on vascular function: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of flavonoid-rich food products. PG - 1605-16 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.201200363 [doi] AB - SCOPE: Previous systematic reviews suggest beneficial effects of flavonoids on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but have overlooked the impact of dose response or food complexity. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative impact of composition, flavonoid structure and dose. METHODS AND RESULTS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of flavonoids or flavonoid-rich foods/extracts. Flavonoid composition was established using United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Phenol-Explorer databases. Effects of six flavonoid subgroups on endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation; FMD), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were assessed by random effects meta-analyses and regression analyses. Meta-analyses of combined flavonoid subclasses showed significant improvements in FMD (chronic, 0.73% (0.17, 1.30) 14 RCTs; acute, 2.33% (1.58, 3.08) 18 RCTs) and blood pressures (systolic, -1.46 mmHg (-2.38, -0.53) 63 RCTs; diastolic, -1.25 mmHg (-1.82, -0.67) 63 RCTs). Similar benefits were observed for the flavan-3-ol, catechol flavonoids (catechins, quercetin, cyanidin etc.), procyanidins, epicatechin and catechin subgroups. Dose-response relationships were non-linear for FMD (R(2) 2 weeks duration (n=11). It is important to note that seven out of the nine trials (78%) of 2 weeks duration also had a flavanol-free control group. Therefore, subgroup analysis by duration might be confounded by flavanol dosage used in the control groups, and the level of blinding of participants.Adverse effects including gastrointestinal complaints and distaste of the trial product were reported by 5% of patients in the active cocoa intervention group and 1% of patients in the control groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Flavanol-rich chocolate and cocoa products may have a small but statistically significant effect in lowering blood pressure by 2-3 mm Hg in the short term.Our findings are limited by the heterogeneity between trials, which was explored by univariate meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Subgroup meta-analysis of trials using a flavanol-free control group revealed a significant blood pressure reducing effect of cocoa, whereas analysis of trials using a low-flavanol control product did not. While it appears that shorter trials of 2 weeks duration were more effective, analysis may be confounded by type of control and unblinding of participants, as the majority of 2-week trials also used a flavanol-free control and unblinding of participants. Results of these and other subgroup analyses based on, for example, age of participants, should be interpreted with caution and need to be confirmed or refuted in trials using direct randomized comparison.Long-term trials investigating the effect of cocoa products are needed to determine whether or not blood pressure is reduced on a chronic basis by daily ingestion of cocoa. Furthermore, long-term trials investigating the effect of cocoa on clinical outcomes are also needed to assess whether cocoa has an effect on cardiovascular events and to assess potential adverse effects associated with chronic ingestion of cocoa products. FAU - Ried, Karin AU - Ried K AD - National Institute of IntegrativeMedicine,Melbourne, Australia. karin.ried@adelaide.edu.au. FAU - Sullivan, Thomas R AU - Sullivan TR FAU - Fakler, Peter AU - Fakler P FAU - Frank, Oliver R AU - Frank OR FAU - Stocks, Nigel P AU - Stocks NP LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20120815 PL - England TA - Cochrane Database Syst Rev JT - The Cochrane database of systematic reviews JID - 100909747 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM UIN - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 25;4:CD008893. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008893.pub3. PMID: 28439881 MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Flavonols/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic EDAT- 2012/08/17 06:00 MHDA- 2012/09/27 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/17 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/09/27 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/14651858.CD008893.pub2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;(8):CD008893. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008893.pub2. PMID- 22892813 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130107 LR - 20220408 IS - 1524-4563 (Electronic) IS - 0194-911X (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 3 DP - 2012 Sep TI - Benefits in cognitive function, blood pressure, and insulin resistance through cocoa flavanol consumption in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment: the Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) study. PG - 794-801 LID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060 [doi] AB - Flavanol consumption is favorably associated with cognitive function. We tested the hypothesis that dietary flavanols might improve cognitive function in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. We conducted a double-blind, parallel arm study in 90 elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment randomized to consume once daily for 8 weeks a drink containing approximately 990 mg (high flavanols), approximately 520 mg (intermediate flavanols), or approximately 45 mg (low flavanols) of cocoa flavanols per day. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test A and B, and verbal fluency test. At the end of the follow-up period, Mini Mental State Examination was similar in the 3 treatment groups (P=0.13). The time required to complete Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B was significantly (P<0.05) lower in subjects assigned to high flavanols (38.10+/-10.94 and 104.10+/-28.73 seconds, respectively) and intermediate flavanols (40.20+/-11.35 and 115.97+/-28.35 seconds, respectively) in comparison with those assigned to low flavanols (52.60+/-17.97 and 139.23+/-43.02 seconds, respectively). Similarly, verbal fluency test score was significantly (P<0.05) better in subjects assigned to high flavanols in comparison with those assigned to low flavanols (27.50+/-6.75 versus 22.30+/-8.09 words per 60 seconds). Insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid peroxidation also decreased among subjects in the high-flavanol and intermediate-flavanol groups. Changes of insulin resistance explained approximately 40% of composite z score variability through the study period (partial r(2)=0.4013; P<0.0001). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dietary intervention study demonstrating that the regular consumption of cocoa flavanols might be effective in improving cognitive function in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. This effect appears mediated in part by an improvement in insulin sensitivity. FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G AD - University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. giovambattista.desideri@cc.univaq.it FAU - Kwik-Uribe, Catherine AU - Kwik-Uribe C FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D FAU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Necozione S FAU - Ghiadoni, Lorenzo AU - Ghiadoni L FAU - Mastroiacovo, Daniela AU - Mastroiacovo D FAU - Raffaele, Angelo AU - Raffaele A FAU - Ferri, Livia AU - Ferri L FAU - Bocale, Raffaella AU - Bocale R FAU - Lechiara, Maria Carmela AU - Lechiara MC FAU - Marini, Carmine AU - Marini C FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120814 PL - United States TA - Hypertension JT - Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) JID - 7906255 RN - 0 (Flavanones) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Aging/physiology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Cognition/*drug effects/physiology MH - Cognition Disorders/diet therapy/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Eating MH - Female MH - Flavanones/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance/*physiology MH - Intelligence Tests MH - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects/physiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2012/08/16 06:00 MHDA- 2013/01/08 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/16 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/01/08 06:00 [medline] AID - HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060 [pii] AID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hypertension. 2012 Sep;60(3):794-801. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060. Epub 2012 Aug 14. PMID- 22865466 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130305 LR - 20250104 IS - 1573-4919 (Electronic) IS - 0300-8177 (Print) IS - 0300-8177 (Linking) VI - 370 IP - 1-2 DP - 2012 Nov TI - (-)-Epicatechin-induced calcium independent eNOS activation: roles of HSP90 and AKT. PG - 141-50 LID - 10.1007/s11010-012-1405-9 [doi] AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading determinant of mortality and morbidity in the world. Epidemiologic studies suggest that flavonoid intake plays a role in the prevention of CVD. Consumption of cocoa products rich in flavonoids lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function in healthy subjects as well as in subjects with vascular dysfunction such as smokers and diabetics. The vascular actions of cocoa follow the stimulation of nitric oxide (NO). These actions can be reproduced by the administration of the cocoa flavanol (-)-epicatechin (EPI). Previously, using human endothelial cells cultured in calcium-free media, we documented EPI effects on eNOS independently of its translocation from the plasmalemma. To further define the mechanisms behind EPI-eNOS activation in Ca(2+) -deprived endothelial cells, we evaluated the effects of EPI on the eNOS/AKT/HSP90 signaling pathway. Results document an EPI-induced phosphorylation/activation of eNOS, AKT, and HSP90. We also demonstrate that EPI induces a partial AKT/HSP90 migration from the cytoplasm to the caveolar membrane fraction. Immunoprecipitation assays of caveolar fractions demonstrate a physical association between HSP90, AKT, and eNOS. Thus, under Ca(2+)-free conditions, EPI stimulates NO synthesis via the formation of an active complex between eNOS, AKT, and HSP90. FAU - Ramirez-Sanchez, Israel AU - Ramirez-Sanchez I AD - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. FAU - Aguilar, Hugo AU - Aguilar H FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G FAU - Villarreal, Francisco AU - Villarreal F LA - eng GR - R24 DK092154/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 AT004277/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - P60 MD000220/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States GR - AT4277/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - HL43617/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL043617/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - P60-MD000220/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20120803 PL - Netherlands TA - Mol Cell Biochem JT - Molecular and cellular biochemistry JID - 0364456 RN - 0 (Caveolin 1) RN - 0 (Detergents) RN - 0 (HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (NOS3 protein, human) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Calcium/metabolism MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Caveolae/drug effects/metabolism MH - Caveolin 1/metabolism MH - Coronary Vessels/cytology MH - Detergents/pharmacology MH - Endothelial Cells/drug effects/enzymology MH - Enzyme Activation/drug effects MH - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Membrane Microdomains/drug effects/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/*metabolism MH - Phosphorylation/drug effects MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/*metabolism MH - Signal Transduction/drug effects PMC - PMC3812804 MID - NIHMS398702 EDAT- 2012/08/07 06:00 MHDA- 2013/03/06 06:00 PMCR- 2013/11/01 CRDT- 2012/08/07 06:00 PHST- 2012/03/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/07/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/08/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/03/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/s11010-012-1405-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Cell Biochem. 2012 Nov;370(1-2):141-50. doi: 10.1007/s11010-012-1405-9. Epub 2012 Aug 3. PMID- 22864409 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130611 LR - 20190606 IS - 1347-7439 (Electronic) IS - 0916-7250 (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 12 DP - 2012 Dec TI - Green tea catechins increase the force of contraction in isolated guinea pig atrial muscle preparations by increasing the amplitude of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. PG - 1603-8 AB - It has been reported that green tea catechins enhance the force of contraction of isolated heart muscle preparations. However, it remains controversial whether or not the increase in force of contraction is related to an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). In this study, the relationship was investigated using a left atrial muscle preparation isolated from guinea pig heart. In the left atrial muscle preparations without fura-2/AM loading, neither EGC (epigallocatechin) nor EC (epicatechin) influenced the force of contraction, but EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and ECG (epicatechin gallate) increased the force of contraction in a dose-dependent manner. The ED(50) value of EGCG was significantly higher than that of ECG. In the atrial muscle preparations loaded with fura-2/AM, EGCG and ECG increased the amplitude of [Ca(2+)]i(peak [Ca(2+)]i minus diastolic [Ca(2+)]i) which is associated with the increase in force of contraction. Simple regression analysis between the degree of increase in the force of contraction and the increase in the amplitude of [Ca(2+)]i revealed a positive correlation in EGCG, ECG and CaCl(2). In addition, the slopes of the regression lines of EGCG and ECG were comparable with those of CaCl(2). It was suggested that atrial muscle preparations had a higher affinity for ECG than EGCG, and that the increase in the force of contraction by EGCG and ECG was closely related to the increase in the amplitude of [Ca(2+)]i. FAU - Sasaki, Takushi AU - Sasaki T AD - Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan. FAU - Kamata, Ryo AU - Kamata R FAU - Ueno, Shunji AU - Ueno S FAU - Kaneda, Takeharu AU - Kaneda T FAU - Temma, Kyosuke AU - Temma K LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120803 PL - Japan TA - J Vet Med Sci JT - The Journal of veterinary medical science JID - 9105360 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 92587OVD8Z (epicatechin gallate) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) RN - HEJ6575V1X (gallocatechol) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Calcium/*metabolism MH - Camellia sinensis/*chemistry MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Guinea Pigs MH - Heart Atria/*drug effects MH - Male MH - Molecular Structure MH - Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology MH - Regression Analysis EDAT- 2012/08/07 06:00 MHDA- 2013/06/12 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/07 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/06/12 06:00 [medline] AID - DN/JST.JSTAGE/jvms/12-0254 [pii] AID - 10.1292/jvms.12-0254 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Vet Med Sci. 2012 Dec;74(12):1603-8. doi: 10.1292/jvms.12-0254. Epub 2012 Aug 3. PMID- 22851734 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130107 LR - 20211020 IS - 1524-4563 (Electronic) IS - 0194-911X (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 3 DP - 2012 Sep TI - Protective effects of flavanol-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function and wave reflection during acute hyperglycemia. PG - 827-32 LID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193995 [doi] AB - Nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in regulating vascular tone. Different studies show endothelial function is impaired during hyperglycemia. Dark chocolate increases flow-mediated dilation in healthy and hypertensive subjects with and without glucose intolerance; however, the effect of pretreatment with dark chocolate on endothelial function and other vascular responses to hyperglycemia has not been examined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of flavanol-rich dark chocolate administration on (1) flow-mediated dilation and wave reflections; (2) blood pressure, endothelin-1 and oxidative stress, before and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Twelve healthy volunteers (5 males, 28.2+/-2.7 years) randomly received either 100 g/d dark chocolate or flavanol-free white chocolate for 3 days. After 7 days washout period, volunteers were switched to the other treatment. Flow-mediated dilation, stiffness index, reflection index, peak-to-peak time, blood pressure, endothelin-1 and 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) were evaluated after each treatment phase and OGTT. Compared with white chocolate, dark chocolate ingestion improved flow-mediated dilation (P=0.03), wave reflections, endothelin-1 and 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (P<0.05). After white chocolate ingestion, flow-mediated dilation was reduced after OGTT from 7.88+/-0.68 to 6.07+/-0.76 (P=0.027), 6.74+/-0.51 (P=0.046) at 1 and 2 h after the glucose load, respectively. Similarly, after white chocolate but not after dark chocolate, wave reflections, blood pressure, and endothelin-1 and 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) increased after OGTT. OGTT causes acute, transient impairment of endothelial function and oxidative stress, which is attenuated by flavanol-rich dark chocolate. These results suggest cocoa flavanols may contribute to vascular health by reducing the postprandial impairment of arterial function associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - University of L'Aquila, Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. davide.grassi@cc.univaq.it FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Necozione S FAU - Ruggieri, Fabrizio AU - Ruggieri F FAU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AU - Blumberg JB FAU - Stornello, Michele AU - Stornello M FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20120730 PL - United States TA - Hypertension JT - Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) JID - 7906255 RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (Flavanones) RN - 27415-26-5 (8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha) RN - B7IN85G1HY (Dinoprost) SB - IM MH - Acute Disease MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Dinoprost/analogs & derivatives/blood MH - Endothelin-1/blood MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/*physiology MH - Female MH - Flavanones/*pharmacology MH - Glucose Tolerance Test MH - Humans MH - Hyperglycemia/*physiopathology MH - Insulin Resistance/physiology MH - Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology MH - Male MH - *Pulse Wave Analysis EDAT- 2012/08/02 06:00 MHDA- 2013/01/08 06:00 CRDT- 2012/08/02 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/01/08 06:00 [medline] AID - HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193995 [pii] AID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193995 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hypertension. 2012 Sep;60(3):827-32. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193995. Epub 2012 Jul 30. PMID- 25126517 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211021 IS - 2212-8263 (Print) IS - 2212-8263 (Electronic) IS - 2212-8263 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 4 DP - 2012 Aug 1 TI - Chocolate consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the NHLBI Family Heart Study. PG - e139-e143 AB - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Previous studies have suggested that cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, may lower blood pressure, serum cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and improve endothelial function. However, it is unclear whether consumption of cocoa products including chocolate influences the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In a cross-sectional design, we sought to examine the association between chocolate consumption and the prevalence of MetS. METHODS: We studied 4098 participants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study aged 25-93 years. Chocolate consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined using the NCEP III criteria. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios of MetS according to frequency of chocolate intake. RESULTS: Of the 4098 participants (mean age 51.7 y) included in the analyses, 2206 (53.8%) were female. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our population was 30.2%. Compared with those who did not consume any chocolate, multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for MetS were 1.26 (0.94, 1.69), 1.15 (0.85, 1.55), and 0.99 (0.66, 1.51) among women who reported chocolate consumption of 1-3 times/ month, 1-4 times/week, and 5+ times/week, respectively. Corresponding values for men were: 1.13 (0.82, 1.57), 1.02 (0.74, 1.39), and 1.21 (0.79, 1.85). CONCLUSION: These data do not support an association between chocolate intake and the prevalence of MetS in US adult men and women. FAU - Tokede, Oluwabunmi A AU - Tokede OA AD - Division of Aging, OBC, 3rd floor, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St., Boston, MA 02120-1613, USA. FAU - Ellison, Curtis R AU - Ellison CR AD - Section of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Pankow, James S AU - Pankow JS AD - Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. FAU - North, Kari E AU - North KE AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. FAU - Hunt, Steven C AU - Hunt SC AD - Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. FAU - Kraja, Aldi T AU - Kraja AT AD - Division of Statistical Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. FAU - Arnett, Donna K AU - Arnett DK AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. FAU - Djousse, Luc AU - Djousse L AD - Division of Aging, OBC, 3rd floor, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St., Boston, MA 02120-1613, USA ; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. LA - eng GR - U01 HL056567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - ESPEN J JT - e-SPEN journal JID - 101590563 PMC - PMC4130386 MID - NIHMS583659 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cardiovascular disease risk OT - Chocolate OT - Metabolic syndrome COIS- Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2012/08/01 00:00 MHDA- 2012/08/01 00:01 PMCR- 2014/08/12 CRDT- 2014/08/16 06:00 PHST- 2014/08/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/08/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/08/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2014/08/12 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1016/j.clnme.2012.04.002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - ESPEN J. 2012 Aug 1;7(4):e139-e143. doi: 10.1016/j.clnme.2012.04.002. PMID- 22821786 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130523 LR - 20190101 IS - 1535-2900 (Electronic) IS - 1079-2082 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 15 DP - 2012 Aug 1 TI - Effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. PG - 1287-8, 1290, 1292-3 LID - 10.2146/ajhp110498 [doi] FAU - Haber, Stacy L AU - Haber SL FAU - Gallus, Karen AU - Gallus K LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Am J Health Syst Pharm JT - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists JID - 9503023 RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy/epidemiology MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2012/07/24 06:00 MHDA- 2013/05/25 06:00 CRDT- 2012/07/24 06:00 PHST- 2012/07/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/07/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/05/25 06:00 [medline] AID - 69/15/1287 [pii] AID - 10.2146/ajhp110498 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012 Aug 1;69(15):1287-8, 1290, 1292-3. doi: 10.2146/ajhp110498. PMID- 22811444 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121026 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 96 IP - 3 DP - 2012 Sep TI - Postprandial effects of dark chocolate on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: results of a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. PG - 584-90 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.112.040469 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: In cirrhosis, hepatic endothelial dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress contributes to the postprandial increase in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). OBJECTIVE: We aimed at testing the hypothesis that dark chocolate, which holds potent antioxidant properties, might attenuate the postprandial increase in HVPG in patients with cirrhosis. DESIGN: In this phase 2, double-blind, controlled study, 22 cirrhotic patients referred for HVPG measurement were included and randomly assigned to receive a liquid meal containing either dark chocolate (active treatment; 85% cocoa, 0.55 g/kg body wt; n = 11) or isocaloric amounts of white chocolate (devoid of cocoa flavonoids; control subjects; n = 11). HVPG, arterial pressure, portal blood flow, serum flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin), and nitric oxide were measured at baseline and 30 min after meal administration. The main outcome measure was the change in HVPG 30 min after the test meal. RESULTS: Postprandial hyperemia was accompanied by a marked increase in HVPG in the white-chocolate group (16.0 +/- 4.7-19.7 +/- 4.1 mm Hg or +26.4 +/- 12.7%; P < 0.0001), whereas the postprandial increase in HVPG was markedly attenuated in the dark-chocolate group (16.9 +/- 2.9-18.7 +/- 3.5 mm Hg or +11.5 +/- 15.9%; P = 0.02 compared with white chocolate). Portal blood flow increased similarly after meals containing dark or white chocolate (median increase: 32% compared with 39%). Plasma flavonoids increased 15-50-fold after dark chocolate consumption. Dark but not white chocolate induced a mild increase in arterial pressure (+8.8 +/- 8.8% compared with -0.3 +/- 4.9%; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: In patients with cirrhosis, dark chocolate blunted the postprandial increase in HVPG by improving flow-mediated hepatic vasorelaxation and ameliorated systemic hypotension. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01408966. FAU - De Gottardi, Andrea AU - De Gottardi A AD - Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Berzigotti, Annalisa AU - Berzigotti A FAU - Seijo, Susana AU - Seijo S FAU - D'Amico, Mario AU - D'Amico M FAU - Thormann, Wolfgang AU - Thormann W FAU - Abraldes, Juan G AU - Abraldes JG FAU - Garcia-Pagan, Juan Carlos AU - Garcia-Pagan JC FAU - Bosch, Jaime AU - Bosch J LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01408966 PT - Clinical Trial, Phase II PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120718 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/blood/therapeutic use MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/blood/therapeutic use MH - Food, Formulated/*analysis MH - Humans MH - Hyperemia/etiology/prevention & control MH - Hypertension, Portal/etiology/*prevention & control MH - Liver Circulation MH - Liver Cirrhosis/blood/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitric Oxide/blood MH - Oxidative Stress MH - Pigmentation MH - *Postprandial Period EDAT- 2012/07/20 06:00 MHDA- 2012/10/27 06:00 CRDT- 2012/07/20 06:00 PHST- 2012/07/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/07/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/10/27 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)02967-2 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.112.040469 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Sep;96(3):584-90. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.040469. Epub 2012 Jul 18. PMID- 22796902 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130211 LR - 20250529 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 10 DP - 2012 Oct TI - Differential effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on biomarkers of glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy, overweight and obese subjects: a randomized clinical trial. PG - 1035-43 AB - The association between excess cortisol and various parameters of metabolic syndrome including hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia is increasingly recognised. The present single-blind randomised placebo-controlled cross-over study compared the effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate (DC) on biomarkers of glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and blood pressure (BP) in females with BMI >/= 25 kg m(-2) (n = 21) and females with BMI < 25 kg m(-2) (n = 21). Volunteers consumed 20 g of DC containing 500 mg polyphenols or a placebo DC with negligible polyphenol-content daily for 4 weeks, separated by a 2-week washout period. Systolic BP and diastolic BP decreased after 4 weeks of polyphenol-rich DC. Placebo raised fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and salivary cortisol, an effect that was significantly different from polyphenol-rich DC which had a negligible effect on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and salivary cortisol. Females with BMI >/= 25 kg m(-2) responded less favourably to placebo than lean females and consequently had higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, in addition to a lower quantitative sensitivity check index (QUICKI) after ingestion of placebo compared to polyphenol-rich DC. No significant changes in lipid profile were observed. This study provides evidence for the metabolic benefits of consuming polyphenol-rich dark chocolate while demonstrating the possibility of adverse effects occurring with polyphenol-poor chocolate placebo. FAU - Almoosawi, S AU - Almoosawi S AD - MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK. suzana.almoosawi@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk FAU - Tsang, C AU - Tsang C FAU - Ostertag, L M AU - Ostertag LM FAU - Fyfe, L AU - Fyfe L FAU - Al-Dujaili, E A S AU - Al-Dujaili EA LA - eng GR - MC_U105960389/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20120716 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Glucocorticoids) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage/analysis MH - Biomarkers/*blood MH - Blood Glucose/analysis/*metabolism MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Candy MH - Cardiovascular System/*metabolism MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Fasting MH - Female MH - Glucocorticoids/blood MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Obesity/physiopathology MH - Overweight/physiopathology MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Risk Factors MH - Single-Blind Method EDAT- 2012/07/17 06:00 MHDA- 2013/02/12 06:00 CRDT- 2012/07/17 06:00 PHST- 2012/07/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/07/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/02/12 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1039/c2fo30060e [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2012 Oct;3(10):1035-43. doi: 10.1039/c2fo30060e. Epub 2012 Jul 16. PMID- 22689050 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121129 LR - 20260128 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 8 DP - 2012 Aug TI - Hypotensive, hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of consuming a cocoa product in moderately hypercholesterolemic humans. PG - 867-74 LID - 10.1039/c2fo10267f [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: The health benefits of dietary fiber and polyphenols in reducing cardiovascular risk have been evidenced. Cocoa husks are a good source of both components and a considerable by-product. A cocoa product rich in cocoa fiber (CP) has been produced from cocoa husks and this study assessed whether its regular consumption may be a strategy to improve lipid profile, serum glucose and antioxidant activity as well as blood pressure in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. METHODS: In this free-living, non-controlled, non-randomized, two-month-long, open intervention trial. 21 volunteers consumed daily two servings of CP, which provided 12 g of dietary fiber and 283 mg of soluble polyphenols. Subjects were moderately hypercholesterolemic (>200 mg dl(-1)), non-vegetarian, non-smoker, women and men between 18 and 45 years old, with a body mass index under 30 kg m(-2), not suffering from any other chronic pathology. Blood samples were drawn and anthropometric measurements, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were evaluated at the baseline, and at weeks 2, 4, and 8. Serum lipids, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, C-reactive protein, ferric reducing/antioxidant power and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Glucose (p = 0.019), SBP (p = 0.001), DBP (p = 0.001) and MDA (p = 0.036) decreased, HDL-cholesterol slightly increased, whereas the rest of the parameters remained similar. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that CP might be considered part of a dietary approach or a functional food or ingredient for the food industry to achieve hypotensive and hypoglycemic effects in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects without inducing changes in body weight and waist circumference, although results should be confirmed in a longer, controlled human study. FAU - Sarria, Beatriz AU - Sarria B AD - Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Food Science, Technology and Nutrition Institute (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. beasarria@ictan.csic.es FAU - Mateos, Raquel AU - Mateos R FAU - Sierra-Cinos, Jose Luis AU - Sierra-Cinos JL FAU - Goya, Luis AU - Goya L FAU - Garcia-Diz, Luis AU - Garcia-Diz L FAU - Bravo, Laura AU - Bravo L LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120612 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*administration & dosage MH - Antioxidants/*administration & dosage MH - Beverages MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Diet MH - Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*therapy MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/*administration & dosage MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Polyphenols/administration & dosage MH - Spain EDAT- 2012/06/13 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/10 06:00 CRDT- 2012/06/13 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/06/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/10 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1039/c2fo10267f [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2012 Aug;3(8):867-74. doi: 10.1039/c2fo10267f. Epub 2012 Jun 12. PMID- 22685047 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120917 LR - 20120629 IS - 1468-2044 (Electronic) IS - 0003-9888 (Linking) VI - 97 IP - 7 DP - 2012 Jul TI - Dark chocolate for children's blood pressure: randomised trial. PG - 637-40 LID - 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301305 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Higher adult blood pressure, even without hypertension, predicts cardiovascular outcomes, and is predicted by childhood blood pressure. Regular dark chocolate intake lowers blood pressure in adults, but effects in children are unknown. AIM: To examine the feasibility of school-based provision of dark chocolate and its short-term efficacy in reducing mean group blood pressure. METHODS: 194 children (aged 10-12 years) were randomised by class to intervention (7 g dark chocolate daily for 7 weeks, n=124) or control (n=70) groups; 98% and 93% provided baseline and follow-up measurements, respectively. RESULTS: Intervention and control students had similar systolic (mean difference 1.7 mm Hg, 95% CI -0.6 to 4.1) and diastolic (-1.2 mm Hg, 95% CI -3.6 to 1.3) blood pressure, anthropometry and well-being at outcome. CONCLUSION: Results show that providing dark chocolate is feasible and acceptable in the school setting. For a definitive trial, the authors recommend a larger sample, endovascular function measures, and consideration of higher antioxidant 'dose' by virtue of duration and/or content. FAU - Chan, Eunice K AU - Chan EK AD - Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. FAU - Quach, Jon AU - Quach J FAU - Mensah, Fiona K AU - Mensah FK FAU - Sung, Valerie AU - Sung V FAU - Cheung, Michael AU - Cheung M FAU - Wake, Melissa AU - Wake M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120609 PL - England TA - Arch Dis Child JT - Archives of disease in childhood JID - 0372434 SB - IM MH - Anthropometry MH - Attitude to Health MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Child MH - Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - School Health Services/organization & administration EDAT- 2012/06/12 06:00 MHDA- 2012/09/18 06:00 CRDT- 2012/06/12 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/09/18 06:00 [medline] AID - archdischild-2011-301305 [pii] AID - 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301305 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Dis Child. 2012 Jul;97(7):637-40. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301305. Epub 2012 Jun 9. PMID- 22684995 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121121 LR - 20261011 IS - 1534-3111 (Electronic) IS - 1522-6417 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 4 DP - 2012 Aug TI - Cocoa, blood pressure, and vascular function. PG - 279-84 LID - 10.1007/s11906-012-0281-8 [doi] AB - The consumption of a high amount of fruits and vegetables was found to be associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Epidemiologically, a similar relationship has been found with cocoa, a naturally polyphenol-rich food. Obviously, double blind randomized studies are difficult to perform with cocoa and chocolate, respectively. However, intervention studies strongly suggest that cocoa has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, including the lowering of blood pressure, the improvement of vascular function and glucose metabolism, and the reduction of platelet aggregation and adhesion. Several potential mechanisms through which cocoa might exert its positive effects have been proposed, among them activation of nitric oxide synthase, increased bioavailability of nitric oxide as well as antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is the aim of this review to summarize the findings of cocoa and chocolate on blood pressure and vascular function. FAU - Sudano, Isabella AU - Sudano I AD - Cardiovascular Center Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland. FAU - Flammer, Andreas J AU - Flammer AJ FAU - Roas, Susanne AU - Roas S FAU - Enseleit, Frank AU - Enseleit F FAU - Ruschitzka, Frank AU - Ruschitzka F FAU - Corti, Roberto AU - Corti R FAU - Noll, Georg AU - Noll G LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Curr Hypertens Rep JT - Current hypertension reports JID - 100888982 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects MH - Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Nitric Oxide MH - Polyphenols/pharmacology MH - Stroke/prevention & control EDAT- 2012/06/12 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/10 06:00 CRDT- 2012/06/12 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/10 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s11906-012-0281-8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012 Aug;14(4):279-84. doi: 10.1007/s11906-012-0281-8. PMID- 22653982 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120730 LR - 20240325 IS - 1756-1833 (Electronic) IS - 0959-8138 (Print) IS - 0959-8138 (Linking) VI - 344 DP - 2012 May 30 TI - The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of dark chocolate consumption as prevention therapy in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: best case scenario analysis using a Markov model. PG - e3657 LID - bmj.e3657 [pii] LID - 10.1136/bmj.e3657 [doi] LID - e3657 AB - OBJECTIVE: To model the long term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of daily dark chocolate consumption in a population with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Best case scenario analysis using a Markov model. SETTING: Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study. PARTICIPANTS: 2013 people with hypertension who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, with no history of cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment effects associated with dark chocolate consumption derived from published meta-analyses were used to determine the absolute number of cardiovascular events with and without treatment. Costs associated with cardiovascular events and treatments were applied to determine the potential amount of funding required for dark chocolate therapy to be considered cost effective. RESULTS: Daily consumption of dark chocolate (polyphenol content equivalent to 100 g of dark chocolate) can reduce cardiovascular events by 85 (95% confidence interval 60 to 105) per 10,000 population treated over 10 years. $A40 ( pound25; euro31; $42) could be cost effectively spent per person per year on prevention strategies using dark chocolate. These results assume 100% compliance and represent a best case scenario. CONCLUSIONS: The blood pressure and cholesterol lowering effects of dark chocolate consumption are beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular events in a population with metabolic syndrome. Daily dark chocolate consumption could be an effective cardiovascular preventive strategy in this population. FAU - Zomer, Ella AU - Zomer E AD - CCRE Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. FAU - Owen, Alice AU - Owen A FAU - Magliano, Dianna J AU - Magliano DJ FAU - Liew, Danny AU - Liew D FAU - Reid, Christopher M AU - Reid CM LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120530 PL - England TA - BMJ JT - BMJ (Clinical research ed.) JID - 8900488 SB - IM MH - Aged MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/economics/mortality/*prevention & control MH - Cost-Benefit Analysis MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypercholesterolemia/economics/mortality/prevention & control MH - Hypertension/economics/mortality/prevention & control MH - Male MH - Markov Chains MH - Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - Metabolic Syndrome/economics/mortality/*prevention & control MH - Middle Aged MH - Prognosis MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Risk Factors PMC - PMC3365141 COIS- Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. EDAT- 2012/06/02 06:00 MHDA- 2012/07/31 06:00 PMCR- 2012/05/31 CRDT- 2012/06/02 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/06/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/07/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/05/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bmj.e3657 [pii] AID - zome000488 [pii] AID - 10.1136/bmj.e3657 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMJ. 2012 May 30;344:e3657. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e3657. PMID- 22552030 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120727 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 95 IP - 6 DP - 2012 Jun TI - Epicatechin ingested via cocoa products reduces blood pressure in humans: a nonlinear regression model with a Bayesian approach. PG - 1365-77 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.111.029330 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Four meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based on the classical random-effects model showed that cocoa consumption can reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Because epicatechin is suggested to be responsible for the treatment effect, changes in blood pressure should depend on the dose of ingested epicatechin, which may explain the between-study differences. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to quantify the effect of epicatechin ingested via cocoa products on changes in SBP and DBP. DESIGN: A nonlinear meta-regression model was chosen to investigate the impact of the epicatechin dose on changes in SBP and DBP. A Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods was applied for an appropriate treatment of the nonlinearity. RESULTS: Data from 16 RCTs on SBP and 15 RCTs on DBP were included. The dose of epicatechin ingested via cocoa products influenced the changes in SBP and DBP. The asymptotic limit for the reduction was estimated at -4.6 mm Hg (95% CI: -5.4, -3.9 mm Hg) for SBP and at -2.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.7, -1.6 mm Hg) for DBP. An intake of 25 mg epicatechin/d led to a mean reduction of -4.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.6, -3.6 mm Hg) in SBP and of -2.0 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.4, -1.5 mm Hg) in DBP. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure reduction by consumption of cocoa products depends on the dose of ingested epicatechin, which explains most of the between-study differences in classical meta-analyses. Similar effects may be achieved by consumption of other foods that are also rich in epicatechin. FAU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Ellinger S AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Science-Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. ellinger@uni-bonn.de FAU - Reusch, Andreas AU - Reusch A FAU - Stehle, Peter AU - Stehle P FAU - Helfrich, Hans-Peter AU - Helfrich HP LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20120502 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Bayes Theorem MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - *Diet MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/drug therapy/*prevention & control MH - Models, Biological MH - Plant Extracts/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Regression Analysis EDAT- 2012/05/04 06:00 MHDA- 2012/07/28 06:00 CRDT- 2012/05/04 06:00 PHST- 2012/05/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/05/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/07/28 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)02817-4 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.111.029330 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jun;95(6):1365-77. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.029330. Epub 2012 May 2. PMID- 22537244 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130317 LR - 20151119 IS - 1476-4954 (Electronic) IS - 1476-4954 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 10 DP - 2012 Oct TI - Potential effects of chocolate on human pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. PG - 1860-7 LID - 10.3109/14767058.2012.683085 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: This trial was undertaken to evaluate the effects of high-cocoa-content chocolate supplementation in pregnancy on several haematochemical and clinical parameters. The study had as reference population the pregnant women requesting an obstetric control at Outpatient Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy. Candidates who participated in this study were all Caucasian women aged 18-40 years, who had a single gestation pregnancy between 11th + 0 and 13th + 0 week gestational age. METHODS: We conducted a single-center randomized controlled trial. The pregnant women selected were randomized into Group A, which received daily doses of 30 g of chocolate (70% cocoa), and Group B, which was free to increase their diet with other foods. RESULTS: Ninety women were randomized. Significant difference was found between the two groups for diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.05), systolic (p < 0.0001) and levels of liver enzymes, with values lower in Group A than in Group B. Total cholesterol levels and weight gain in Group A did not increase more than in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: A modest daily intake of high-cocoa-content chocolate contributes to reduce blood pressure, glycemic and liver pattern during pregnancy without affecting the weight gain. FAU - Di Renzo, Gian Carlo AU - Di Renzo GC AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. direnzo@unipg.it FAU - Brillo, Eleonora AU - Brillo E FAU - Romanelli, Maila AU - Romanelli M FAU - Porcaro, Giuseppina AU - Porcaro G FAU - Capanna, Federica AU - Capanna F FAU - Kanninen, Tomi T AU - Kanninen TT FAU - Gerli, Sandro AU - Gerli S FAU - Clerici, Graziano AU - Clerici G LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20120605 PL - England TA - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med JT - The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians JID - 101136916 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM CIN - Pract Midwife. 2014 Feb;17(2):38-41. PMID: 24600832 MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - *Diet MH - Diet Surveys MH - Female MH - Glucose Tolerance Test MH - Humans MH - Liver/enzymology MH - Pregnancy MH - *Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MH - Prospective Studies MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Weight Gain MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2012/04/28 06:00 MHDA- 2013/03/19 06:00 CRDT- 2012/04/28 06:00 PHST- 2012/04/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/04/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/03/19 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3109/14767058.2012.683085 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1860-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.683085. Epub 2012 Jun 5. PMID- 22440087 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130124 LR - 20210416 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 36 DP - 2012 Sep 12 TI - Epicatechin: endothelial function and blood pressure. PG - 8823-30 LID - 10.1021/jf205370q [doi] AB - Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse relationship between flavanol intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Potential mechanisms include their effects on endothelial function and hypertension. A number of studies have shown that flavanol-rich cocoa reduces blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, whereas black tea may have opposite effects. These results highlight the importance of the different effects of the multitude of phytochemical constituents in these foods and the need for studying the individual flavanols. Epicatechin seems to be a major bioactive constituent of cocoa and other flavanol-rich foods and beverages. It has been shown to improve endothelial function in animals and humans. In salt-sensitive animal models of hypertension, epicatechin lowers blood pressure and the associated end-organ damage. Nitric oxide (NO) seems to play a key role in the protection of both hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. FAU - Jimenez, Rosario AU - Jimenez R AD - Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Granada , 18071 Granada, Spain. FAU - Duarte, Juan AU - Duarte J FAU - Perez-Vizcaino, Francisco AU - Perez-Vizcaino F LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20120329 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiopathology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/drug therapy/*physiopathology MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology MH - Vasodilation/drug effects EDAT- 2012/03/24 06:00 MHDA- 2013/01/25 06:00 CRDT- 2012/03/24 06:00 PHST- 2012/03/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/03/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/01/25 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/jf205370q [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Sep 12;60(36):8823-30. doi: 10.1021/jf205370q. Epub 2012 Mar 29. PMID- 22430394 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121221 LR - 20171116 IS - 1097-0010 (Electronic) IS - 0022-5142 (Linking) VI - 92 IP - 11 DP - 2012 Aug 30 TI - The effect of cocoa, soy, oats and fish oil on metabolic syndrome in rats. PG - 2349-57 LID - 10.1002/jsfa.5637 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The effect of functional foods alone or in combination (cocoa + soy + oats + fish oil) on hepatic damage in rats affected with metabolic syndrome was investigated. RESULTS: Rats that were given cocoa showed a decrease in the levels of triglycerides (TGs) and glucose (63 and 32% respectively) as well as a decrease in blood pressure (15%). Animals fed with soy showed a reduction of 21% in total cholesterol, 15% in blood pressure and 44% in TGs, while feeding oats reduced the concentration of TGs by 53% (P < 0.5). Fish oil caused a reduction in TGs (56%) and glucose (26%). The effect on blood pressure was statistically significant for the groups supplemented with cocoa, soy, cocoa + oats and the total mix. The main finding was a reduction in liver steatosis in animals supplemented with cocoa + oats (from 30 to 4.7% steatosis). Cocoa or fish oil alone did not protect the liver from damage, while cocoa + fish oil did. CONCLUSION: The most relevant effects were that the cocoa + oats mix decreased steatosis by a very large percentage, as did the cocoa + fish oil mix and the mix of all four functional foods. CI - Copyright (c) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry. FAU - Barrios-Ramos, Juan P AU - Barrios-Ramos JP AD - Graduados e Investigacion en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico, DF, Mexico. FAU - Garduno-Siciliano, Leticia AU - Garduno-Siciliano L FAU - Loredo, Maria AU - Loredo M FAU - Chamorro-Cevallos, German AU - Chamorro-Cevallos G FAU - Jaramillo-Flores, Maria E AU - Jaramillo-Flores ME LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120319 PL - England TA - J Sci Food Agric JT - Journal of the science of food and agriculture JID - 0376334 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Fish Oils) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/analysis MH - Avena/*chemistry MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Fatty Liver/etiology/prevention & control MH - Fish Oils/analysis/*therapeutic use MH - *Functional Food/analysis MH - Hypercholesterolemia/etiology/prevention & control MH - Hyperglycemia/etiology/prevention & control MH - Hypertension/etiology/prevention & control MH - Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology/prevention & control MH - Liver/pathology MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/blood/*diet therapy/pathology/physiopathology MH - Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Seeds/chemistry MH - *Soy Foods/analysis EDAT- 2012/03/21 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/22 06:00 CRDT- 2012/03/21 06:00 PHST- 2011/06/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/10/09 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/01/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/03/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/03/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/22 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jsfa.5637 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Aug 30;92(11):2349-57. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.5637. Epub 2012 Mar 19. PMID- 22425756 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121213 LR - 20220408 IS - 1096-0384 (Electronic) IS - 0003-9861 (Linking) VI - 527 IP - 2 DP - 2012 Nov 15 TI - Effect of cocoa/chocolate ingestion on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease in humans. PG - 90-4 LID - S0003-9861(12)00082-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.021 [doi] AB - Prospective studies indicate that high intake of dietary flavanols, such as those contained in cocoa/chocolate, are associated with reduced rates of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality in humans. Numerous mechanisms may underlie these associations such as favorable effects of flavanols on blood pressure, platelet aggregation, thrombosis, inflammation, and the vascular endothelium. The brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique has emerged as a robust method to quantify endothelial function in humans. Collectively, the preponderance of evidence indicates that FMD is a powerful surrogate measure for firm cardiovascular endpoints, such as cardiovascular-related mortality, in humans. Thus, literally thousands of studies have utilized this technique to document group differences in FMD, as well as to assess the effects of various interventions on FMD. In regards to the latter, numerous studies indicate that both acute and chronic ingestion of cocoa/chocolate increases FMD in humans. Increases in FMD after cocoa/chocolate ingestion appear to be dose-dependent such that greater increases in FMD are observed after ingestion of larger quantities. The mechanisms underlying these responses are likely diverse, however most data suggest an effect of increased nitric oxide bioavailability. Thus, positive vascular effects of cocoa/chocolate on the endothelium may underlie (i.e., be linked mechanistically to) reductions in cardiovascular risk in humans. CI - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Monahan, Kevin D AU - Monahan KD AD - Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. kmonahan@psu.edu LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20120307 PL - United States TA - Arch Biochem Biophys JT - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics JID - 0372430 SB - IM MH - *Blood Circulation MH - Brachial Artery/*physiology/*physiopathology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*physiopathology MH - *Eating MH - *Health MH - Humans MH - *Vasodilation EDAT- 2012/03/20 06:00 MHDA- 2012/12/14 06:00 CRDT- 2012/03/20 06:00 PHST- 2011/12/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/02/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/02/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/03/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/03/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/12/14 06:00 [medline] AID - S0003-9861(12)00082-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.021 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012 Nov 15;527(2):90-4. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.021. Epub 2012 Mar 7. PMID- 22383996 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120827 LR - 20220330 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 2 DP - 2012 TI - Cocoa, hazelnuts, sterols and soluble fiber cream reduces lipids and inflammation biomarkers in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial. PG - e31103 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0031103 [doi] LID - e31103 AB - BACKGROUND: Cocoa, mixed with other food ingredients, intake can have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers. We compared the effects of 4 cocoa cream products on some of these biomarkers. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this multi-centered, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel trial, volunteers (n = 113; age range: 43-65 years) who were pre-hypertensive, stage-1 hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic received one of 4 cocoa cream products (13 g/unit; 1 g cocoa/unit, 6 units/d; 465 Kcal/d) added to a low saturated fat diet for 4 weeks. The groups were: A) (n = 28), cocoa cream considered as control; B) (n = 28), cocoa+hazelnut cream (30 g/d hazelnuts); C) (n = 30), cocoa+hazelnuts+phytosterols (2 g/d); and D) (n = 27), cocoa+hazelnuts+phytosterols+soluble fiber (20 g/d) the patented "LMN product". Primary outcome measures were BP, LDL-c, apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B), ApoB/ApoA ratio, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) determined at baseline and post-cocoa cream product intake. Statistical analysis used was ANCOVA or mixed models (in case of repeated measurements), with baseline observation included as a covariate. After 4 weeks, compared to product A, product C reduced LDL-c by 11.2%, Apo B by 8.1% and ApoB/ApoA ratio by 7.8% (P = 0.01). LMN decreased LDL-c by 9.2%, Apo B-100 by 8.5%, ApoB/ApoA ratio by 10.5%, hsCRP by 33.4% and oxLDL by 5.9% (P = 0.01). Surprisingly, even "control" product A reduced systolic BP (-7.89 mmHg; 95%CI: -11.45 to -4.3) and diastolic BP (-5.54 mmHg; 95%CI: -7.79 to -3.29). The BP reductions were similar with the other 3 products. Limitations of the study are that the trial period was relatively short and that a better "BP control" product would have been preferable. CONCLUSION: The creams (particularly the LMN) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in addition to lowering LDL-c, Apo B and ApoB/ApoA ratio. Thus, the soluble fiber effects amplified with sterols (as contained in the cocoa creams) provide new dietary therapeutic perspectives. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00511420. FAU - Sola, Rosa AU - Sola R AD - Unitat de Recerca en Lipids i Arteriosclerosi, CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. rosa.sola@urv.cat FAU - Valls, Rosa M AU - Valls RM FAU - Godas, Gemma AU - Godas G FAU - Perez-Busquets, Gloria AU - Perez-Busquets G FAU - Ribalta, Josep AU - Ribalta J FAU - Girona, Josefa AU - Girona J FAU - Heras, Mercedes AU - Heras M FAU - Cabre, Anna AU - Cabre A FAU - Castro, Antoni AU - Castro A FAU - Domenech, Gema AU - Domenech G FAU - Torres, Ferran AU - Torres F FAU - Masana, Lluis AU - Masana L FAU - Angles, Neus AU - Angles N FAU - Reguant, Jordi AU - Reguant J FAU - Ramirez, Bartolome AU - Ramirez B FAU - Barriach, Joaquim M AU - Barriach JM LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00511420 PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120227 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Sterols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Biomarkers/*metabolism MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy MH - Corylus/*metabolism MH - Diet MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy MH - Inflammation/*drug therapy MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Research Design MH - Sample Size MH - Sterols/*chemistry PMC - PMC3287993 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: Rosa Sola received support from the Ministry of Education and Science [Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia] in the form of a research grant PROFIT 2005-2007. Additional support was from La Morella Nuts S.A. (CDTI FIT-060000-2002-73, Spain) in the form of grants made available directly to the Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Ferran Torres and Gema Domenech of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona received financial support from Universitat Rovira i Virgili to perform the statistical analyses. Joaquim-M Barriach, Bartolome Ramirez, Jordi Reguant and Neus Angles are employees of La Morella Nuts S.A., Spain. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. No other authors have any involvement that can be construed as a conflict of interest. The authors also declare there have not been any other involvements such as employment, consultancy and patent products that can be construed as a conflict of interest. EDAT- 2012/03/03 06:00 MHDA- 2012/08/28 06:00 PMCR- 2012/02/27 CRDT- 2012/03/03 06:00 PHST- 2011/02/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/01/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/03/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/03/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/08/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/02/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-11-04314 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0031103 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031103. Epub 2012 Feb 27. PMID- 22371366 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130116 LR - 20191210 IS - 1099-1573 (Electronic) IS - 0951-418X (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 11 DP - 2012 Nov TI - Concentration dependent effect of (-)-Epicatechin on Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -ATPase inhibition induced by free radicals in hypertensive patients: comparison with L-ascorbic acid. PG - 1644-7 LID - 10.1002/ptr.4624 [doi] AB - Although the antioxidant properties of flavonoids are well documented, it is still unclear whether these effects are dependent on radical scavenging or iron chelating activities. Oxidative stress, a state of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, is associated with vascular disease conditions such as hypertension. Both the anti- and pro-oxidant effects of tea catechins have been implicated in the alterations of cellular functions that determine their chemoprotective and therapeutic potentials in health and diseases. The present study examined the concentration dependent (10(-7) to 10(-4) m) effects of (-)-epicatechin and L-ascorbic acid on Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -ATPase activity in hypertensive patients and normal subjects. L-ascorbic acid has been used as a positive control to compare the effect of (-)-epicatechin. A significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the activities of Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -ATPase was observed in hypertensive patients compared with normal subjects. We report that (-)-epicatechin shows a significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent protective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), which is manisfested as a decrease in the activity of erythrocyte Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -ATPase, in hypertensive patients as well as normal subjects. The effect of L-ascorbic acid was also significant (p < 0.001) and was comparable with that of (-)-epicatechin. CI - Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. FAU - Kumar, Navneet AU - Kumar N AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, P.B.-378, Ethiopia. navneetbiochem@yahoo.co.in FAU - Kant, Ruchi AU - Kant R FAU - Maurya, Pawan Kumar AU - Maurya PK FAU - Rizvi, Syed Ibrahim AU - Rizvi SI LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20120227 PL - England TA - Phytother Res JT - Phytotherapy research : PTR JID - 8904486 RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 955VYL842B (tert-Butylhydroperoxide) RN - EC 7.2.2.10 (Calcium-Transporting ATPases) RN - EC 7.2.2.13 (Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase) RN - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid) SB - IM MH - Ascorbic Acid/*pharmacology MH - Calcium-Transporting ATPases/*antagonists & inhibitors MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*metabolism MH - Middle Aged MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors MH - tert-Butylhydroperoxide EDAT- 2012/03/01 06:00 MHDA- 2013/01/17 06:00 CRDT- 2012/02/29 06:00 PHST- 2011/07/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/01/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2012/01/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/02/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/03/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/01/17 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/ptr.4624 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytother Res. 2012 Nov;26(11):1644-7. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4624. Epub 2012 Feb 27. PMID- 22347642 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20120823 LR - 20211021 IS - 2090-5599 (Electronic) IS - 2090-5580 (Print) IS - 2090-5580 (Linking) VI - 2011 DP - 2011 TI - Effects of some common food constituents on cardiovascular disease. PG - 397136 LID - 10.5402/2011/397136 [doi] LID - 397136 AB - Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is considerable interest in the role of dietary constituents and supplements in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. We reviewed the major publications related to potential effects on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes of some common dietary constituents: carotenoids, flavonoid-rich cocoa, tea, red wine and grapes, coffee, omega-3 fatty acids, and garlic. Increased intake of some of these has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality or reduced incidence of myocardial infraction, stroke, and hypertension. However, although the evidence from observational studies is supportive of beneficial effects for most of these foodstuffs taken as part of the diet, potential benefits from the use of supplements derived from these natural products remain largely inconclusive. FAU - Yang, Yaling AU - Yang Y AD - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. FAU - Chan, Sze Wa AU - Chan SW FAU - Hu, Miao AU - Hu M FAU - Walden, Richard AU - Walden R FAU - Tomlinson, Brian AU - Tomlinson B LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20110616 PL - Egypt TA - ISRN Cardiol JT - ISRN cardiology JID - 101566293 PMC - PMC3262529 EDAT- 2012/02/22 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/22 06:01 PMCR- 2011/06/16 CRDT- 2012/02/21 06:00 PHST- 2011/03/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/04/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/02/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/02/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/22 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2011/06/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.5402/2011/397136 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - ISRN Cardiol. 2011;2011:397136. doi: 10.5402/2011/397136. Epub 2011 Jun 16. PMID- 22325068 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120524 LR - 20211021 IS - 1475-2891 (Electronic) IS - 1475-2891 (Linking) VI - 11 DP - 2012 Feb 10 TI - Cocoa intake and arterial stiffness in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. PG - 8 LID - 10.1186/1475-2891-11-8 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: To analyze the relationship of cocoa intake to central and peripheral blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with some cardiovascular risk factor. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 351 subjects (mean age 54.76 years, 62.4% males). MEASUREMENTS: Intake of cocoa and other foods using a food frequency questionnaire, central and peripheral (ambulatory and office) blood pressure, central and peripheral augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, ambulatory arterial stiffness index, carotid intima-media thickness, and ankle-brachial index. RESULTS: Higher pulse wave velocity and greater cardiovascular risk were found in non-cocoa consumers as compared to high consumers (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, these differences disappeared after adjusting for age, gender, the presence of diabetes, systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug use. All other arterial stiffness measures (central and peripheral augmentation index, ambulatory arterial stiffness index, ankle-brachial index, and carotid intima-media thickness) showed no differences between the different consumption groups. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with some cardiovascular risk factors, cocoa consumption does not imply improvement in the arterial stiffness values. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01325064. FAU - Recio-Rodriguez, Jose Ignacio AU - Recio-Rodriguez JI AD - Primary Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Avda, Comuneros 27, 37003 Salamanca, Spain. donrecio@gmail.com FAU - Gomez-Marcos, Manuel A AU - Gomez-Marcos MA FAU - Patino-Alonso, Maria C AU - Patino-Alonso MC FAU - Agudo-Conde, Cristina AU - Agudo-Conde C FAU - Rodriguez-Sanchez, Emiliano AU - Rodriguez-Sanchez E FAU - Garcia-Ortiz, Luis AU - Garcia-Ortiz L CN - Vaso-Risk group LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01325064 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120210 PL - England TA - Nutr J JT - Nutrition journal JID - 101152213 SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - *Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology/physiopathology MH - Carotid Intima-Media Thickness MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diet MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Risk Factors MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - *Vascular Stiffness PMC - PMC3299654 EDAT- 2012/02/14 06:00 MHDA- 2012/05/25 06:00 PMCR- 2012/02/10 CRDT- 2012/02/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/08/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/02/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/02/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/02/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/05/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1475-2891-11-8 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1475-2891-11-8 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr J. 2012 Feb 10;11:8. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-8. PMID- 22301923 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120409 LR - 20250626 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 95 IP - 3 DP - 2012 Mar TI - Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. PG - 740-51 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.111.023457 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: There is substantial interest in chocolate and flavan-3-ols for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE: The objective was to systematically review the effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on major CVD risk factors. DESIGN: We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chocolate, cocoa, or flavan-3-ols. We contacted authors for additional data and conducted duplicate assessment of study inclusion, data extraction, validity, and random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: We included 42 acute or short-term chronic (50 mg epicatechin/d resulted in greater effects on systolic and diastolic BP. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation, a tool to assess quality of evidence and strength of recommendations) suggested low- to moderate-quality evidence of beneficial effects, with no suggestion of negative effects. The strength of evidence was lowered due to unclear reporting for allocation concealment, dropouts, missing data on outcomes, and heterogeneity in biomarker results in some studies. CONCLUSIONS: We found consistent acute and chronic benefits of chocolate or cocoa on FMD and previously unreported promising effects on insulin and HOMA-IR. Larger, longer-duration, and independently funded trials are required to confirm the potential cardiovascular benefits of cocoa flavan-3-ols. FAU - Hooper, Lee AU - Hooper L AD - Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom. l.hooper@uea.ac.uk FAU - Kay, Colin AU - Kay C FAU - Abdelhamid, Asmaa AU - Abdelhamid A FAU - Kroon, Paul A AU - Kroon PA FAU - Cohn, Jeffrey S AU - Cohn JS FAU - Rimm, Eric B AU - Rimm EB FAU - Cassidy, Aedin AU - Cassidy A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20120201 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - Biomarkers MH - Blood Glucose/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Risk Factors EDAT- 2012/02/04 06:00 MHDA- 2012/04/10 06:00 CRDT- 2012/02/04 06:00 PHST- 2012/02/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/02/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/04/10 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)02692-8 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.111.023457 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Mar;95(3):740-51. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.023457. Epub 2012 Feb 1. PMID- 22250063 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120612 LR - 20250529 IS - 1935-5548 (Electronic) IS - 0149-5992 (Print) IS - 0149-5992 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 2 DP - 2012 Feb TI - Chronic ingestion of flavan-3-ols and isoflavones improves insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein status and attenuates estimated 10-year CVD risk in medicated postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. PG - 226-32 LID - 10.2337/dc11-1443 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of dietary flavonoids on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes on established statin and hypoglycemic therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Despite being medicated, patients with type 2 diabetes have elevated CVD risk, particularly postmenopausal women. Although dietary flavonoids have been shown to reduce CVD risk factors in healthy participants, no long-term trials have examined the additional benefits of flavonoids to CVD risk in medicated postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a parallel-design, placebo-controlled trial with type 2 diabetic patients randomized to consume 27 g/day (split dose) flavonoid-enriched chocolate (containing 850 mg flavan-3-ols [90 mg epicatechin] and 100 mg isoflavones [aglycone equivalents)]/day) or matched placebo for 1 year. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients completed the trial, and adherence was high (flavonoid 91.3%; placebo 91.6%). Compared with the placebo group, the combined flavonoid intervention resulted in a significant reduction in estimated peripheral insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] -0.3 +/- 0.2; P = 0.004) and improvement in insulin sensitivity (quantitative insulin sensitivity index [QUICKI] 0.003 +/- 0.00; P = 0.04) as a result of a significant decrease in insulin levels (-0.8 +/- 0.5 mU/L; P = 0.02). Significant reductions in total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (-0.2 +/- 0.1; P = 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (-0.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/L; P = 0.04) were also observed. Estimated 10-year total coronary heart disease risk (derived from UK Prospective Diabetes Study algorithm) was attenuated after flavonoid intervention (flavonoid +0.1 +/- 0.3 vs. placebo 1.1 +/- 0.3; P = 0.02). No effect on blood pressure, HbA(1c), or glucose was observed. CONCLUSIONS: One-year intervention with flavan-3-ols and isoflavones improved biomarkers of CVD risk, highlighting the additional benefit of flavonoids to standard drug therapy in managing CVD risk in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic patients. FAU - Curtis, Peter J AU - Curtis PJ AD - Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK. FAU - Sampson, Mike AU - Sampson M FAU - Potter, John AU - Potter J FAU - Dhatariya, Ketan AU - Dhatariya K FAU - Kroon, Paul A AU - Kroon PA FAU - Cassidy, Aedin AU - Cassidy A LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00677599 GR - BBS/E/F/00043039/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20120116 PL - United States TA - Diabetes Care JT - Diabetes care JID - 7805975 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Isoflavones) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM CIN - J Vasc Nurs. 2013 Mar;31(1):56. doi: 10.1016/j.jvn.2012.12.001. PMID: 23481880 MH - Aged MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*prevention & control MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*drug therapy MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance/*physiology MH - Isoflavones/*therapeutic use MH - Lipoproteins/*blood MH - Middle Aged MH - Postmenopause PMC - PMC3263874 EDAT- 2012/01/18 06:00 MHDA- 2012/06/13 06:00 PMCR- 2013/02/01 CRDT- 2012/01/18 06:00 PHST- 2012/01/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/01/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/06/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - dc11-1443 [pii] AID - 1443 [pii] AID - 10.2337/dc11-1443 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetes Care. 2012 Feb;35(2):226-32. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1443. Epub 2012 Jan 16. PMID- 22176675 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120416 LR - 20131121 IS - 1532-2513 (Electronic) IS - 0892-3973 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 1 DP - 2012 Feb TI - Cynanchum wilfordii ameliorates hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets. PG - 4-11 LID - 10.3109/08923973.2011.569889 [doi] AB - Hypercholesterolemia increases the incidence of atherosclerosis and its pathologic complications. This study was performed to test the effect of an ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (ECW) on vascular dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets (HFCD). Male rats were fed a HFCD consisting of 7.5% cocoa butter and 1.25% cholesterol, with or without 100, 200 mg/day/kg ECW. Rats fed with HFCD increased body weight associated with an increase in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level. Chronic ECW treatment in HFCD-fed rats lessened LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Chronic ECW treatment recovered the HFCD-induced increase in systolic blood pressure, maintained smooth and soft intima endothelial layers by the decrease of intima-media thickness. ECW significantly recovered the diet-induced decrease in vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, high-dose ECW apparently increased vasorelaxation response to sodium nitroprusside in rats fed with HFCD. ECW clearly restored the HFCD-induced reduction in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression and Akt expression levels in aortic tissue, leading to improve endothelial function through an increase in endothelium-derived NO production. Furthermore, treatment of ECW significantly recovered the HFCD-induced decrease in aortic cGMP levels in rats. These findings suggest that ECW ameliorates hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via improvement of NO/cGMP signaling pathway in aortic tissue of rats fed with HFCD, suggesting a vascular protective role for this herb in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. FAU - Choi, Deok Ho AU - Choi DH AD - College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Yun Jung AU - Lee YJ FAU - Kim, Jin Sook AU - Kim JS FAU - Kang, Dae Gill AU - Kang DG FAU - Lee, Ho Sub AU - Lee HS LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol JT - Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology JID - 8800150 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Vasodilator Agents) RN - 169D1260KM (Nitroprusside) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) RN - H2D2X058MU (Cyclic GMP) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Aorta/*metabolism/pathology MH - Atherosclerosis/blood/chemically induced/prevention & control MH - Cholesterol/*adverse effects/pharmacology MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Cyclic GMP/metabolism MH - Cynanchum/*chemistry MH - Dietary Fats/*adverse effects/pharmacology MH - Drug Synergism MH - Hypertension/blood/chemically induced/*drug therapy/pathology MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Nitroprusside/pharmacology MH - Plant Extracts/agonists/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Signal Transduction/drug effects MH - Tunica Intima/*metabolism/pathology MH - Vasodilation/drug effects MH - Vasodilator Agents/agonists/pharmacology EDAT- 2011/12/20 06:00 MHDA- 2012/04/17 06:00 CRDT- 2011/12/20 06:00 PHST- 2011/12/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/12/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/04/17 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.3109/08923973.2011.569889 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):4-11. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.569889. PMID- 22173910 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20121231 LR - 20151119 IS - 1522-9645 (Electronic) IS - 0195-668X (Linking) VI - 33 IP - 17 DP - 2012 Sep TI - Cardiovascular effects of flavanol-rich chocolate in patients with heart failure. PG - 2172-80 LID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr448 [doi] AB - AIMS: Flavanol-rich chocolate (FRC) is beneficial for vascular and platelet function by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and decreasing oxidative stress. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is characterized by impaired endothelial and increased platelet reactivity. As statins are ineffective in CHF, alternative therapies are a clinical need. We therefore investigated whether FRC might improve cardiovascular function in patients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty patients with CHF were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial, comparing the effect of commercially available FRC with cocoa-liquor-free control chocolate (CC) on endothelial and platelet function in the short term (2 h after ingestion of a chocolate bar) and long term (4 weeks, two chocolate bars/day). Endothelial function was assessed non-invasively by flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery. Flow-mediated vasodilatation significantly improved from 4.98 +/- 1.95 to 5.98 +/- 2.32% (P = 0.045 and 0.02 for between-group changes) 2h after intake of FRC to 6.86 +/- 1.76% after 4 weeks of daily intake (P = 0.03 and 0.004 for between groups). No effect on endothelial-independent vasodilatation was observed. Platelet adhesion significantly decreased from 3.9 +/- 1.3 to 3.0 +/- 1.3% (P = 0.03 and 0.05 for between groups) 2 h after FRC, an effect that was not sustained at 2 and 4 weeks. Cocoa-liquor-free CC had no effect, either on endothelial function or on platelet function. Blood pressure and heart rate did not change in either group. CONCLUSION: Flavanol-rich chocolate acutely improves vascular function in patients with CHF. A sustained effect was seen after daily consumption over a 4-week period, even after 12 h abstinence. These beneficial effects were paralleled by an inhibition of platelet function in the presence of FRC only. FAU - Flammer, Andreas J AU - Flammer AJ AD - Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland. FAU - Sudano, Isabella AU - Sudano I FAU - Wolfrum, Mathias AU - Wolfrum M FAU - Thomas, Rajeev AU - Thomas R FAU - Enseleit, Frank AU - Enseleit F FAU - Periat, Daniel AU - Periat D FAU - Kaiser, Priska AU - Kaiser P FAU - Hirt, Astrid AU - Hirt A FAU - Hermann, Matthias AU - Hermann M FAU - Serafini, Mauro AU - Serafini M FAU - Leveques, Antoine AU - Leveques A FAU - Luscher, Thomas F AU - Luscher TF FAU - Ruschitzka, Frank AU - Ruschitzka F FAU - Noll, Georg AU - Noll G FAU - Corti, Roberto AU - Corti R LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00538941 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20111215 PL - England TA - Eur Heart J JT - European heart journal JID - 8006263 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM CIN - Eur Heart J. 2012 Sep;33(17):2118-20. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs026. PMID: 22355036 MH - Ankle Brachial Index MH - Baroreflex/drug effects MH - Biomarkers/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*physiology MH - *Candy MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/physiology MH - Female MH - Flavonols/blood/*pharmacology MH - Heart Failure/*physiopathology MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Platelet Adhesiveness/drug effects MH - Polyphenols/blood MH - Vasodilation/drug effects EDAT- 2011/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2013/01/01 06:00 CRDT- 2011/12/17 06:00 PHST- 2011/12/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/01/01 06:00 [medline] AID - ehr448 [pii] AID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr448 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur Heart J. 2012 Sep;33(17):2172-80. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr448. Epub 2011 Dec 15. PMID- 22156690 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120815 LR - 20231213 IS - 1524-4628 (Electronic) IS - 0039-2499 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 2 DP - 2012 Feb TI - Delay of stroke onset by milk proteins in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. PG - 470-7 LID - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.618496 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is an inverse association between dairy food consumption and the incidence of stroke in observational studies. However, it is unknown whether the relationship is causal or, if so, what components in milk are responsible for reducing the incidence of stroke. METHODS: Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed diets comprising amino acids, proteins from different sources (casein, whey, soybean, or egg white), or fats from different sources (butter, beef tallow, or cocoa butter) and the onset of stroke and lifespan were examined. RESULTS: Increasing the amount of dietary casein (5% to 55% of caloric intake) markedly delayed the onset of stroke. However, when stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed diets containing 55% of caloric intake as protein, rats fed casein or whey protein, a major component of milk, displayed a delayed onset of stroke compared with rats fed soybean or egg white protein. Rats fed an amino acids diet containing the same amino acids composition as casein did not have a delay in the onset of stroke. Increasing dietary fats, including butter as well as beef tallow and cocoa butter, did not affect the onset of stroke. All diets did not affect blood pressure in the early stage. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the inverse association between dairy food consumption and incidence of stroke in epidemiological studies is causal and that peptides in milk protein, but not fat, might be responsible for this effect. FAU - Chiba, Tsuyoshi AU - Chiba T AD - Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Itoh, Tatsuki AU - Itoh T FAU - Tabuchi, Masaki AU - Tabuchi M FAU - Ooshima, Kana AU - Ooshima K FAU - Satou, Takao AU - Satou T FAU - Ezaki, Osamu AU - Ezaki O LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20111208 PL - United States TA - Stroke JT - Stroke JID - 0235266 RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (Caseins) RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) RN - 0 (Egg Proteins) RN - 0 (Milk Proteins) RN - 0 (Soybean Proteins) RN - 0 (Whey Proteins) RN - 8029-34-3 (Butter) RN - 8W8T17847W (Urea) SB - IM MH - Amino Acids/pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Butter MH - Caseins/therapeutic use MH - Cerebral Hemorrhage/diet therapy/pathology/prevention & control MH - Cerebral Infarction/diet therapy/pathology/prevention & control MH - Diet MH - Dietary Fats/pharmacology MH - Egg Proteins/therapeutic use MH - Male MH - Milk Proteins/*therapeutic use MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Soybean Proteins/therapeutic use MH - Glycine max/chemistry MH - Stroke/diet therapy/pathology/*prevention & control MH - Urea/pharmacology MH - Whey Proteins EDAT- 2011/12/14 06:00 MHDA- 2012/08/16 06:00 CRDT- 2011/12/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/08/16 06:00 [medline] AID - STROKEAHA.111.618496 [pii] AID - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.618496 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Stroke. 2012 Feb;43(2):470-7. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.618496. Epub 2011 Dec 8. PMID- 22156352 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120613 LR - 20131121 IS - 2338-2732 (Electronic) IS - 0125-9326 (Linking) VI - 43 IP - 4 DP - 2011 Oct TI - Effect of dark chocolate on nitric oxide serum levels and blood pressure in prehypertension subjects. PG - 224-8 AB - AIM: to investigate the effect of consumption of dark chocolate 30 g/day for fifteen days on Nitric oxide (NO) serum levels and blood pressure in male and female employees with prehypertension. METHODS: the study was a parallel randomized clinical trial. A total of thirty-two subjects was divided into two groups using block randomization. Sixteen subjects received 30 g/day dark chocolate and dietary counseling (treatment group) and the other 16 subjects received white chocolate 25 g/day and dietary counseling (control group) for fifteen days. Data collected in this study consisted of age, physical activity, body massa index, intake of energy, intake of sodium, and intake of polyphenol, NO serum levels and blood pressure. The measurement of NO serum levels was done in pre- and after- treatment, while blood pressure was assessed in pre- , during- and after- treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test for normal distribution data and Mann-Whitney test for not normal distribution data, with the level of significancy of 5%. RESULTS: after 15 days treatment, NO serum level between treatment and control groups were significantly different 7.70 +/- 3.84 vs 1.92(-0.79 +/- 17.78) (p=0.001). Both groups had decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure was different significantly between groups after treatment 120.64 +/- 8.47 vs 131.19 +/- 7.45 (p=0.001), while diastolic blood pressure was not significant 74.14 +/- 6.30 vs 77.44 +/- 10.29 (p=0.308). CONCLUSION: in prehypertension subjects, dark chocolate 30 g/day increased NOx serum levels and decreased systolic blood pressure after 15 days of treatment. FAU - Sudarma, Verawati AU - Sudarma V AD - Departement of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia. y_sudarma@yahoo.com FAU - Sukmaniah, Sri AU - Sukmaniah S FAU - Siregar, Parlindungan AU - Siregar P LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - Indonesia TA - Acta Med Indones JT - Acta medica Indonesiana JID - 7901042 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Sodium, Dietary) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM CIN - Acta Med Indones. 2011 Oct;43(4):217. PMID: 22156350 MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Blood Pressure Determination MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Candy MH - Energy Intake MH - Female MH - *Flavonoids/metabolism/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Monitoring, Physiologic MH - Motor Activity MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Phenols/metabolism/therapeutic use MH - *Prehypertension/diagnosis/metabolism MH - Sodium, Dietary/adverse effects/metabolism MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2011/12/14 06:00 MHDA- 2012/06/14 06:00 CRDT- 2011/12/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/06/14 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Med Indones. 2011 Oct;43(4):224-8. PMID- 22153525 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120427 LR - 20220408 IS - 1879-0828 (Electronic) IS - 0953-6205 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 1 DP - 2012 Jan TI - Consumption of cocoa, tea and coffee and risk of cardiovascular disease. PG - 15-25 LID - 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.07.014 [doi] AB - Daily intake of an anti-thrombotic diet may offer a suitable and effective way of coronary artery disease (CAD) prevention. A diet rich in fruit, vegetables, complex carbohydrates, monounsaturated fat and fish, moderate alcohol consumption but poor in salt, saturated fat and simple sugars, plays an important role in protect against CAD. Chocolate, coffee and tea, unfairly not included in "traditional healthy food basket", have received much attention over the past few years, if for no other reason than they are consumed worldwide and are important dietary sources of polyphenols (flavonols and cathechins). Several in vitro and in vivo studies have tried to elucidate the role of these foods and a large amount of experimental studies clearly indicated a beneficial effect of polyphenols in influencing CAD. However, data from epidemiological studies are not conclusive. The blood pressure lowering effects and the anti-inflammatory activity of dark chocolate suggests its use as potential prophylactic and therapeutic agent, in particular considering that epidemiological studies suggest that dark chocolate is inversely associated with CAD. Although regular consumption of moderate quantities of coffee and (green) tea seems to be associated with a small protection against CAD, results from randomized clinical trials about their beneficial effects are less evident. As for other diffuse consumption habits, such as that of alcohol, moderation is the key word. In fact, both for coffee and chocolate, the optimal healthy effects on CAD have been observed to be associated with a moderate intake, while healthy outcomes vanish at heavy consumption. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Di Castelnuovo, Augusto AU - Di Castelnuovo A AD - Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Genetica ed Ambientale, Laboratori di Ricerca, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Campobasso, Italy. dicastel@ngi.it FAU - di Giuseppe, Romina AU - di Giuseppe R FAU - Iacoviello, Licia AU - Iacoviello L FAU - de Gaetano, Giovanni AU - de Gaetano G LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20110830 PL - Netherlands TA - Eur J Intern Med JT - European journal of internal medicine JID - 9003220 RN - 0 (Coffee) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - *Coffee MH - Humans MH - Risk Factors MH - *Tea EDAT- 2011/12/14 06:00 MHDA- 2012/04/28 06:00 CRDT- 2011/12/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/03/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/07/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/07/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/04/28 06:00 [medline] AID - S0953-6205(11)00159-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.07.014 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Intern Med. 2012 Jan;23(1):15-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.07.014. Epub 2011 Aug 30. PMID- 22082065 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120507 LR - 20211021 IS - 1557-7600 (Electronic) IS - 1096-620X (Print) IS - 1096-620X (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 2 DP - 2012 Feb TI - Improved endothelial dysfunction by Cynanchum wilfordii in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice fed a high fat/cholesterol diet. PG - 169-79 LID - 10.1089/jmf.2010.1222 [doi] AB - Cynanchum wilfordii is used in traditional Chinese medicine with almost all parts of this plant considered beneficial for various vascular diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of an ethanol extract of C. wilfordii (ECW) on vascular dysfunction in apolipoprotein E (apoE)(-/-) mice fed with high fat/cholesterol diets (HFCDs). The apoE(-/-) mice were fed HFCD consisting of 7.5% cocoa butter and 1.25% cholesterol, with or without 100 or 200 mg/day/kg ECW. Chronic ECW treatment significantly lessened the level of low-density lipoprotein (P<.05) and elevated that of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P<.01). Chronic ECW treatment normalized the HFCD-induced increase in systolic blood pressure, maintained smooth and soft intimal endothelial layers, and decreased intima-media thickness in aortic sections of HFCD-fed apoE(-/-) mice. ECW significantly restored the diet-induced decrease in vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine; however, the response to sodium nitroprusside did not change. ECW clearly restored the HFCD-induced reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression levels in aortic tissue, leading to decreased vascular inflammation through an inhibition of cellular adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 as well as endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. In conclusion, ECW ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via improvement of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling pathway in a diet/genetic model of hyperlipidemia. ECW also substantially inhibited the development of atherosclerosis, possibly by inhibiting ET-1, cell adhesion molecules, and lesion formation, suggesting a vascular protective role for this herb in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. FAU - Choi, Deok Ho AU - Choi DH AD - Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea. FAU - Lee, Yun Jung AU - Lee YJ FAU - Oh, Hyun Cheol AU - Oh HC FAU - Cui, Ying Lan AU - Cui YL FAU - Kim, Jin Sook AU - Kim JS FAU - Kang, Dae Gill AU - Kang DG FAU - Lee, Ho Sub AU - Lee HS LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20111114 PL - United States TA - J Med Food JT - Journal of medicinal food JID - 9812512 RN - 0 (Apolipoproteins E) RN - 0 (E-Selectin) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Apolipoproteins E/deficiency/*genetics MH - Cholesterol/*metabolism MH - Cynanchum/*chemistry MH - Diet, High-Fat/*adverse effects MH - E-Selectin/metabolism MH - Endothelial Cells/*drug effects/physiology MH - Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/physiology MH - Humans MH - Hyperlipidemias/*drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Knockout MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage MH - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism MH - Vasodilation/drug effects PMC - PMC3264958 EDAT- 2011/11/16 06:00 MHDA- 2012/05/09 06:00 PMCR- 2013/02/01 CRDT- 2011/11/16 06:00 PHST- 2011/11/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/11/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/05/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1089/jmf.2010.1222 [pii] AID - 10.1089/jmf.2010.1222 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Food. 2012 Feb;15(2):169-79. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1222. Epub 2011 Nov 14. PMID- 22070680 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120619 LR - 20190918 IS - 1875-5607 (Electronic) IS - 1389-5575 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 14 DP - 2011 Dec TI - Natural polyphenols and cardioprotection. PG - 1191-9 AB - With more than 8000 polyphenols found in food (mainly, wine, tea, coffee, cocoa, vegetables and cereals), many epidemiological studies suggest that the intake of polyphenol-rich foods has a beneficial effect on a large number of cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, obesity, diabetes and smoking. The mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols are numerous and include antioxidant, vasodilator, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, antiapoptotic and metabolic. Most importantly, recent experimental data demonstrate that polyphenols can exert its cardioprotective effect via the activation of several powerful prosurvival cellular pathways that involve metabolic intermediates, microRNAs, sirtuins and mediators of the recently described reperfusion injury salvage kinases (RISK) and survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathways. FAU - Lecour, S AU - Lecour S AD - Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, Dept of Medicine, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Sandrine.lecour@uct.ac.za FAU - Lamont, K T AU - Lamont KT LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - Netherlands TA - Mini Rev Med Chem JT - Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry JID - 101094212 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Cardiotonic Agents) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Antioxidants/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Cardiotonic Agents/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Diet MH - Humans MH - Polyphenols/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Signal Transduction/drug effects EDAT- 2011/11/11 06:00 MHDA- 2012/06/20 06:00 CRDT- 2011/11/11 06:00 PHST- 2011/04/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/08/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/09/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/11/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/11/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/06/20 06:00 [medline] AID - BSP/MRMC/E-Pub/263 [pii] AID - 10.2174/13895575111091191 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mini Rev Med Chem. 2011 Dec;11(14):1191-9. doi: 10.2174/13895575111091191. PMID- 22020342 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120207 LR - 20111104 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 2 IP - 11 DP - 2011 Nov TI - Effect of a cocoa polyphenol extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PG - 649-53 LID - 10.1039/c1fo10119f [doi] AB - In this study, we evaluated the short-term effect of a cocoa polyphenol extract (CPE), in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male 17-22-week-old SHR were administered by intragastric gavage water, 50 mg kg(-1) Captopril or CPE at different doses (13, 26, 80 and 160 mg kg(-1)). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded by the tail cuff method before the administration and also 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post-administration. Highly significant decreases in the SBP and in the DBP were observed when captopril or CPE was administered to SHR. The cocoa extract produced a dose dependent effect in the SBP of the SHR up to the dose of 80 mg kg(-1). Nevertheless this dose of CPE did not decrease the arterial blood pressure in the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. The decrease in the SBP caused by 80 mg kg(-1) of CPE in the SHR (-39.1 +/- 3.7 mm Hg) was maximum 6 h post-administration, and the initial values of SBP were recovered 72 h post-administration of this extract. Paradoxically, 160 mg kg(-1) of the cocoa extract caused a decreased antihypertensive effect than lower doses of CPE. In addition, the decrease in DBP was always more accentuated when the dose of CPE administered was lower. Our results suggest that CPE may be used as a functional food ingredient with beneficial effects for controlling arterial blood pressure. FAU - Quinones, M AU - Quinones M AD - Dpto. Farmacologia, Fac. Medicina, U. Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Miguel, M AU - Miguel M FAU - Muguerza, B AU - Muguerza B FAU - Aleixandre, A AU - Aleixandre A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20111024 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*administration & dosage MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Functional Food/analysis MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage MH - Polyphenols/*administration & dosage MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR EDAT- 2011/10/25 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/09 06:00 CRDT- 2011/10/25 06:00 PHST- 2011/10/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/10/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/09 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1039/c1fo10119f [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2011 Nov;2(11):649-53. doi: 10.1039/c1fo10119f. Epub 2011 Oct 24. PMID- 22014027 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120727 LR - 20211020 IS - 1476-5381 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1188 (Print) IS - 0007-1188 (Linking) VI - 165 IP - 8 DP - 2012 Apr TI - Double blockade of angiotensin II (AT(1) )-receptors and ACE does not improve weight gain and glucose homeostasis better than single-drug treatments in obese rats. PG - 2721-35 LID - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01726.x [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Combination therapies are becoming increasingly important for the treatment of high blood pressure. Little is known about whether double blockade of angiotensin II (AT(1) ) receptors and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) exert synergistic metabolic effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Spontaneously hypertensive rats were allowed to choose between palatable chocolate bars and standard chow and were simultaneously treated with the AT(1) blocker telmisartan (8 mg.kg(bw) (-1) .day(-1) ), the ACE inhibitor ramipril (4 mg.kg(bw) (-1) .day(-1) ) or a combination of the two (8 + 4 mg.kg(bw) (-1) .day(-1) ) for 12 weeks. KEY RESULTS: Although food-dependent energy intake was increased by telmisartan and telmisartan + ramipril compared with ramipril or controls, body weight gain, abundance of fat and plasma leptin levels were decreased. Increased insulin levels in response to an oral glucose tolerance test were comparably attenuated by telmisartan and telmisartan + ramipril, but not by ramipril. During an insulin tolerance test, glucose utilization was equally as effectively improved by telmisartan and telmisartan + ramipril. In response to a stress test, ACTH, corticosterone and glucose increased in controls. These stress reactions were attenuated by telmisartan and telmisartan + ramipril. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The combination of telmisartan + ramipril was no more efficacious in regulating body weight and glucose homeostasis than telmisartan alone. However, telmisartan was more effective than ramipril in improving metabolic parameters and in reducing body weight. The association between the decrease in stress responses and the diminished glucose levels after stress supports our hypothesis that the ability of telmisartan, as an AT(1) receptor blocker, to alleviate stress reactions may contribute to its hypoglycaemic actions. CI - (c) 2011 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology (c) 2011 The British Pharmacological Society. FAU - Miesel, Anja AU - Miesel A AD - Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany. FAU - Muller-Fielitz, Helge AU - Muller-Fielitz H FAU - Johren, Olaf AU - Johren O FAU - Vogt, Florian M AU - Vogt FM FAU - Raasch, Walter AU - Raasch W LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Br J Pharmacol JT - British journal of pharmacology JID - 7502536 RN - 0 (Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers) RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Benzimidazoles) RN - 0 (Benzoates) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Leptin) RN - 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II) RN - 9002-60-2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) RN - L35JN3I7SJ (Ramipril) RN - U5SYW473RQ (Telmisartan) RN - W980KJ009P (Corticosterone) SB - IM MH - Adipose Tissue/metabolism MH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood MH - Angiotensin II/blood MH - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Animals MH - Benzimidazoles/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Benzoates/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Corticosterone/blood MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Feeding Behavior/drug effects MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Leptin/blood MH - Male MH - Obesity/*drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Ramipril/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Telmisartan MH - Weight Gain/drug effects PMC - PMC3423257 EDAT- 2011/10/22 06:00 MHDA- 2012/07/28 06:00 PMCR- 2013/04/01 CRDT- 2011/10/22 06:00 PHST- 2011/10/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/10/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/07/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01726.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2721-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01726.x. PMID- 22001745 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120417 LR - 20220408 IS - 1873-4596 (Electronic) IS - 0891-5849 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 1 DP - 2012 Jan 1 TI - Epicatechin lowers blood pressure, restores endothelial function, and decreases oxidative stress and endothelin-1 and NADPH oxidase activity in DOCA-salt hypertension. PG - 70-9 LID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.015 [doi] AB - Flavanol-rich diets have been reported to exert beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. We studied the effects of chronic treatment with epicatechin on blood pressure, endothelial function, and oxidative status in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. Rats were treated for 5 weeks with (-)-epicatechin at 2 or 10 mg kg(-1)day(-1). The high dose of epicatechin prevented both the increase in systolic blood pressure and the proteinuria induced by DOCA-salt. Plasma endothelin-1 and malondialdehyde levels and urinary iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) excretion were increased in animals of the DOCA-salt group and reduced by the epicatechin 10 mg kg(-1) treatment. Aortic superoxide levels were enhanced in the DOCA-salt group and abolished by both doses of epicatechin. However, only epicatechin at 10 mg kg(-1) reduced the rise in aortic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and p47(phox) and p22(phox) gene overexpression found in DOCA-salt animals. Epicatechin increased the transcription of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 target genes in aortas from control rats. Epicatechin also improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine and increased the phosphorylation of both Akt and eNOS in aortic rings. In conclusion, epicatechin prevents hypertension, proteinuria, and vascular dysfunction. Epicatechin also induced a reduction in ET-1 release, systemic and vascular oxidative stress, and inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Gomez-Guzman, Manuel AU - Gomez-Guzman M AD - Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. FAU - Jimenez, Rosario AU - Jimenez R FAU - Sanchez, Manuel AU - Sanchez M FAU - Zarzuelo, Maria Jose AU - Zarzuelo MJ FAU - Galindo, Pilar AU - Galindo P FAU - Quintela, Ana Maria AU - Quintela AM FAU - Lopez-Sepulveda, Rocio AU - Lopez-Sepulveda R FAU - Romero, Miguel AU - Romero M FAU - Tamargo, Juan AU - Tamargo J FAU - Vargas, Felix AU - Vargas F FAU - Perez-Vizcaino, Francisco AU - Perez-Vizcaino F FAU - Duarte, Juan AU - Duarte J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110922 PL - United States TA - Free Radic Biol Med JT - Free radical biology & medicine JID - 8709159 RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2) RN - 0 (Nfe2l2 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - 27415-26-5 (8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha) RN - 40GP35YQ49 (Desoxycorticosterone) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - B7IN85G1HY (Dinoprost) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (NOS3 protein, human) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Aorta/drug effects/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Catechin/pharmacology MH - Desoxycorticosterone/adverse effects MH - Dinoprost/analogs & derivatives/urine MH - Endothelin-1/*antagonists & inhibitors/blood MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Hypertension/blood/chemically induced/complications/*drug therapy MH - Male MH - Malondialdehyde/blood MH - NADPH Oxidases/*antagonists & inhibitors/blood MH - NF-E2-Related Factor 2/agonists/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Proteinuria/blood/chemically induced/complications/*drug therapy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects MH - Superoxides/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism EDAT- 2011/10/18 06:00 MHDA- 2012/04/18 06:00 CRDT- 2011/10/18 06:00 PHST- 2011/02/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/09/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/09/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/10/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/10/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/04/18 06:00 [medline] AID - S0891-5849(11)00581-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.015 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Free Radic Biol Med. 2012 Jan 1;52(1):70-9. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.015. Epub 2011 Sep 22. PMID- 21990264 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120209 LR - 20220321 IS - 1522-9645 (Electronic) IS - 0195-668X (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 24 DP - 2011 Dec TI - Beyond salt: lifestyle modifications and blood pressure. PG - 3081-7 LID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr379 [doi] AB - Lifestyle changes have been shown to effect significant blood pressure (BP) reductions. Although there are several proposed neurohormonal links between weight loss and BP, body mass index itself appears to be the most powerful mediator of the weight-BP relationship. There appears to be a mostly linear relationship between weight and BP; as weight is regained, the BP benefit is mostly lost. Physical activity, but more so physical fitness (the physiological benefit obtained from physical activity), has a dose-dependent BP benefit but reaches a plateau at which there is no further benefit. However, even just a modest physical activity can have a meaningful BP effect. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables with low-fat dairy products and low in saturated and total fat (DASH) is independently effective in reducing BP. Of the dietary mineral nutrients, the strongest data exist for increased potassium intake, which reduces BP and stroke risk. Vitamin D is associated with BP benefit, but no causal relationship has been established. Flavonoids such as those found in cocoa and berries may have a modest BP benefit. Neither caffeine nor nicotine has any significant, lasting BP effect. Biofeedback therapies such as those obtained with device-guided breathing have a modest and safe BP benefit; more research is needed before such therapies move beyond those having an adjunctive treatment role. There is a strong, linear relationship between alcohol intake and BP; however, the alcohol effects on BP and coronary heart disease are divergent. The greatest BP benefit seems to be obtained with one drink per day for women and with two per day for men. This benefit is lost or attenuated if the drinking occurs in a binge form or without food. Overall, the greatest and most sustained BP benefit is obtained when multiple lifestyle interventions are incorporated simultaneously. FAU - Frisoli, Tiberio M AU - Frisoli TM AD - St Luke' s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1000 Tenth Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA. FAU - Schmieder, Roland E AU - Schmieder RE FAU - Grodzicki, Tomasz AU - Grodzicki T FAU - Messerli, Franz H AU - Messerli FH LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20111011 PL - England TA - Eur Heart J JT - European heart journal JID - 8006263 RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Elements) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Ganglionic Stimulants) RN - 0 (Minerals) RN - 0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary) RN - 0 (Vitamins) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) SB - IM MH - Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects MH - Biofeedback, Psychology MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Caffeine/adverse effects MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects MH - Diet, Sodium-Restricted/*methods MH - Elements MH - Exercise/physiology MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage MH - Ganglionic Stimulants/adverse effects MH - *Health Behavior MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/diet therapy/*prevention & control MH - *Life Style MH - Male MH - Minerals/administration & dosage MH - Nicotine/adverse effects MH - Obesity/complications/prevention & control MH - Physical Fitness/physiology MH - Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage/*adverse effects MH - Vitamins/administration & dosage MH - Weight Loss/physiology EDAT- 2011/10/13 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/10 06:00 CRDT- 2011/10/13 06:00 PHST- 2011/10/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/10/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/10 06:00 [medline] AID - ehr379 [pii] AID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr379 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur Heart J. 2011 Dec;32(24):3081-7. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr379. Epub 2011 Oct 11. PMID- 21956956 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111212 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 141 IP - 11 DP - 2011 Nov TI - Flavonoid-rich cocoa consumption affects multiple cardiovascular risk factors in a meta-analysis of short-term studies. PG - 1982-8 LID - 10.3945/jn.111.145482 [doi] AB - A growing body of evidence suggests that the consumption of foods rich in polyphenolic compounds, particularly cocoa, may have cardioprotective effects. No review, however, has yet examined the effect of flavonoid-rich cocoa (FRC) on all major cardiovascular risk factors or has examined potential dose-response relationships for these effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials was performed to evaluate the effect of FRC on cardiovascular risk factors and to assess a dose-response relationship. Inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as dependent and independent variables were determined a priori. Data were collected for: blood pressure, pulse, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, BMI, C-reactive protein, flow-mediated vascular dilation (FMD), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum isoprostane, and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices. Twenty-four papers, with 1106 participants, met the criteria for final analysis. In response to FRC consumption, systolic blood pressure decreased by 1.63 mm Hg (P = 0.033), LDL cholesterol decreased by 0.077 mmol/L (P = 0.038), and HDL cholesterol increased by 0.046 mmol/L (P = 0.037), whereas total cholesterol, TG, and C-reactive protein remained the same. Moreover, insulin resistance decreased (HOMA-IR: -0.94 points; P < 0.001), whereas FMD increased (1.53%; P < 0.001). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between FRC and FMD (P = 0.004), with maximum effect observed at a flavonoid dose of 500 mg/d; a similar relationship may exist with HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.06). FRC consumption significantly improves blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and FMD. These short-term benefits warrant larger long-term investigations into the cardioprotective role of FRC. FAU - Shrime, Mark G AU - Shrime MG AD - Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. shrime@gmail.com FAU - Bauer, Scott R AU - Bauer SR FAU - McDonald, Anna C AU - McDonald AC FAU - Chowdhury, Nubaha H AU - Chowdhury NH FAU - Coltart, Cordelia E M AU - Coltart CE FAU - Ding, Eric L AU - Ding EL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20110928 PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular System/*physiopathology MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Risk Factors EDAT- 2011/10/01 06:00 MHDA- 2011/12/14 06:00 CRDT- 2011/09/30 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/10/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [medline] AID - S0022-3166(22)03112-1 [pii] AID - 10.3945/jn.111.145482 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2011 Nov;141(11):1982-8. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.145482. Epub 2011 Sep 28. PMID- 21910946 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111220 LR - 20131121 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 106 IP - 9 DP - 2011 Nov TI - Chronic (-)-epicatechin improves vascular oxidative and inflammatory status but not hypertension in chronic nitric oxide-deficient rats. PG - 1337-48 LID - 10.1017/S0007114511004314 [doi] AB - The present study analysed the effects of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin in rats after chronic inhibition of NO synthesis with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), at doses equivalent to those achieved in the studies involving human subjects. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control-vehicle, (2) L-NAME, (3) L-NAME-epicatechin 2 (L-NAME-Epi 2) and (4) L-NAME-epicatechin 10 (L-NAME-Epi 10). Rats were daily given by oral administration for 4 weeks: vehicle, (-)-epicatechin 2 or 10 mg/kg. Animals in the L-NAME groups daily received L-NAME 75 mg/100 ml in drinking-water. The evolution in systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and morphological and plasma variables, proteinuria, vascular superoxide, reactivity and protein expression at the end of the experiment were analysed. Chronic (-)-epicatechin treatment did not modify the development of hypertension and only weakly affected the endothelial dysfunction induced by L-NAME but prevented the cardiac hypertrophy, the renal parenchyma and vascular lesions and proteinuria, and blunted the prostanoid-mediated enhanced endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictor responses and the cyclo-oxygenase-2 and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) up-regulation. Furthermore, (-)-epicatechin also increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation and prevented the L-NAME-induced increase in systemic (plasma malonyldialdehyde and urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha) and vascular (dihydroethidium staining, NADPH oxidase activity and p22phox up-regulation) oxidative stress, proinflammatory status (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-1beta and TNFalpha up-regulation) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. The present study shows for the first time that chronic oral administration of (-)-epicatechin does not improve hypertension but reduced pro-atherogenic pathways such as oxidative stress and proinflammatory status of the vascular wall induced by blockade of NO production. FAU - Gomez-Guzman, Manuel AU - Gomez-Guzman M AD - Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. FAU - Jimenez, Rosario AU - Jimenez R FAU - Sanchez, Manuel AU - Sanchez M FAU - Romero, Miguel AU - Romero M FAU - O'Valle, Francisco AU - O'Valle F FAU - Lopez-Sepulveda, Rocio AU - Lopez-Sepulveda R FAU - Quintela, Ana Maria AU - Quintela AM FAU - Galindo, Pilar AU - Galindo P FAU - Zarzuelo, Maria Jose AU - Zarzuelo MJ FAU - Bailon, Elvira AU - Bailon E FAU - Delpon, Eva AU - Delpon E FAU - Perez-Vizcaino, Francisco AU - Perez-Vizcaino F FAU - Duarte, Juan AU - Duarte J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110913 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Inflammation Mediators) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Prostaglandins) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) RN - EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) SB - IM CIN - Br J Nutr. 2011 Nov;106(9):1321-2. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511004326. PMID: 21854686 MH - Animals MH - Atherosclerosis/prevention & control MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Cyclooxygenase 2/blood MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiopathology MH - Hypertension MH - Hypertrophy MH - Inflammation/*drug therapy MH - Inflammation Mediators/blood MH - Kidney/drug effects/pathology MH - MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects MH - Male MH - Myocardium/pathology MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester MH - Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors/*deficiency MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - Phosphorylation MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Prostaglandins/metabolism MH - Proteinuria/drug therapy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Up-Regulation MH - Vascular Diseases/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology MH - Vasoconstriction/drug effects EDAT- 2011/09/14 06:00 MHDA- 2011/12/21 06:00 CRDT- 2011/09/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/09/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/12/21 06:00 [medline] AID - S0007114511004314 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114511004314 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2011 Nov;106(9):1337-48. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511004314. Epub 2011 Sep 13. PMID- 21894553 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120221 LR - 20261011 IS - 1534-6242 (Electronic) IS - 1523-3804 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 6 DP - 2011 Dec TI - Chocolate and coronary heart disease: a systematic review. PG - 447-52 LID - 10.1007/s11883-011-0203-2 [doi] AB - Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. The high content of polyphenols and flavonoids present in cocoa has been reported to play an important protective role in the development of CHD. Although studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of chocolate on endothelial function, blood pressure, serum lipids, insulin resistance, and platelet function, it is unclear whether chocolate consumption influences the risk of CHD. This article reviews current evidence on the effects of cocoa/chocolate on clinical and subclinical CHD, CHD risk factors, and potential biologic mechanisms. It also discusses major limitations of currently available data and future directions in the field. FAU - Khawaja, Owais AU - Khawaja O AD - Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. oajaz@yahoo.com FAU - Gaziano, J Michael AU - Gaziano JM FAU - Djousse, Luc AU - Djousse L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Systematic Review PL - United States TA - Curr Atheroscler Rep JT - Current atherosclerosis reports JID - 100897685 RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Inflammation Mediators) RN - 0 (Lipids) SB - IM MH - *Cacao MH - Coronary Circulation MH - Coronary Disease/mortality/*physiopathology/prevention & control/therapy MH - Endothelium, Vascular/physiology MH - Flavonols/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Inflammation Mediators/physiology MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Lipids/blood MH - Platelet Aggregation MH - Risk Factors EDAT- 2011/09/07 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/22 06:00 CRDT- 2011/09/07 06:00 PHST- 2011/09/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/09/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/22 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s11883-011-0203-2 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2011 Dec;13(6):447-52. doi: 10.1007/s11883-011-0203-2. PMID- 21864665 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120214 LR - 20151119 IS - 1872-7573 (Electronic) IS - 0378-8741 (Linking) VI - 137 IP - 3 DP - 2011 Oct 11 TI - Effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana 'Godseffiana' Muell Arg (Euphorbiaceae) on the hematology, plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetic rats. PG - 1415-24 LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.015 [doi] AB - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana are used in Southern Nigeria for the management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana on the hematology, plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress was investigated in alloxan induced diabetic rats. METHODOLOGY: Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of alloxan (80 mg/kg body weight), via the tail vein. The extract was administered orally at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg (both to normal and diabetic rats), and metformin at 50mg/kg. RESULTS: On gas chromatographic analysis of the extract, twenty nine known flavonoids were detected, consisting mainly of 29.77% apigenin, 14.97% quercetin, 11.12% naringenin, 10.62% kaempferol, 9.05% (-)-epicatechin and 4.04% (+)-catechin. Tannic acid and beta-sitosterol were also detected. Compared to test control, the treatment lowered (significantly, P < 0.05) plasma glucose, triglyceride, conjugated bilirubin levels, atherogenic index of plasma, plasma alanine transaminase activity, total protein and total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase activity and unconjugated bilirubin, plasma urea, blood urea nitrogen and ocular malondialdehyde contents, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, and not significantly, plasma very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, but increased (significantly, P < 0.05) plasma calcium contents, total white cell and platelet counts, mean cell volume and ocular ascorbic acid content, and (though not significantly) plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol level, red cell and neutrophil counts. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the extract was hypoglycemic, positively affected the hemopoietic system and integrity and function (dose dependently) of the liver and kidney of the diabetic rats; improved the lipid profile and had no deleterious effect on red cell morphology. It also protected against oxidative stress in ocular tissues. This study also revealed the presence of pharmacologically active compounds in the leaf extract. All of these highlights the cardioprotective potential of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana and support its use in traditional health practices for the management of diabetes mellitus. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Ikewuchi, Jude C AU - Ikewuchi JC AD - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. ecoli240733@yahoo.com FAU - Onyeike, Eugene N AU - Onyeike EN FAU - Uwakwe, Augustine A AU - Uwakwe AA FAU - Ikewuchi, Catherine C AU - Ikewuchi CC LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20110816 PL - Ireland TA - J Ethnopharmacol JT - Journal of ethnopharmacology JID - 7903310 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, VLDL) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Solvents) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) RN - 8W8T17847W (Urea) RN - 9100L32L2N (Metformin) RN - EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferases) RN - RFM9X3LJ49 (Bilirubin) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood MH - Bilirubin/blood MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Cell Count MH - Blood Cells/drug effects MH - Blood Glucose/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Blood Urea Nitrogen MH - Calcium/blood MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, VLDL/blood MH - Chromatography, Gas MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood/*drug therapy MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - *Euphorbiaceae/chemistry MH - Eye/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Kidney/drug effects/metabolism MH - Liver/drug effects/metabolism MH - Malondialdehyde/metabolism MH - Metformin/pharmacology MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Plant Leaves MH - Plants, Medicinal MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Solvents/chemistry MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Urea/blood EDAT- 2011/08/26 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/15 06:00 CRDT- 2011/08/26 06:00 PHST- 2011/04/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/07/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/08/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/08/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/08/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0378-8741(11)00588-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.015 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Oct 11;137(3):1415-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.015. Epub 2011 Aug 16. PMID- 21839757 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120206 LR - 20131121 IS - 1873-507X (Electronic) IS - 0031-9384 (Linking) VI - 104 IP - 5 DP - 2011 Oct 24 TI - Differential contributions of theobromine and caffeine on mood, psychomotor performance and blood pressure. PG - 816-22 LID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.027 [doi] AB - The combination of theobromine and caffeine, methylxanthines found in chocolate, has previously been shown to improve mood and cognition. However, it is unknown whether these molecules act synergistically. This study tested the hypothesis that a combination of caffeine and theobromine has synergistic effects on cognition, mood and blood pressure in 24 healthy female subjects. The effects of theobromine (700 mg), caffeine (120 mg) or the combination of both, or placebo were tested on mood (the Bond-Lader visual analog scale), psychomotor performance (the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) and blood pressure before and at 1, 2 and 3 h after administration. Theobromine alone decreased self-reported calmness 3h after ingestion and lowered blood pressure relative to placebo 1 h after ingestion. Caffeine increased self-reported alertness 1, 2 and 3h after ingestion and contentedness 1 and 2 h after ingestion, and increased blood pressure relative to placebo (at 1 h). The combination of caffeine+theobromine had similar effects as caffeine alone on mood, but with no effect on blood pressure. There was no treatment effect on DSST performance. Together these results suggest that theobromine and caffeine could have differential effects on mood and blood pressure. It was tentatively concluded that caffeine may have more CNS-mediated effects on alertness, while theobromine may be acting primarily via peripheral physiological changes. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Mitchell, E S AU - Mitchell ES AD - Unilever R&D, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen 3133 AT, Netherlands. Siobhan.mitchell@unilever.com FAU - Slettenaar, M AU - Slettenaar M FAU - vd Meer, N AU - vd Meer N FAU - Transler, C AU - Transler C FAU - Jans, L AU - Jans L FAU - Quadt, F AU - Quadt F FAU - Berry, M AU - Berry M LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20110804 PL - United States TA - Physiol Behav JT - Physiology & behavior JID - 0151504 RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 0 (Drug Combinations) RN - 0 (Vasodilator Agents) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Affect/*drug effects MH - Aged MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Caffeine/*pharmacology MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*pharmacology MH - Drug Combinations MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Psychomotor Performance/*drug effects MH - Saliva/drug effects/metabolism MH - Theobromine/*pharmacology MH - Time Factors MH - Vasodilator Agents/*pharmacology MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2011/08/16 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/07 06:00 CRDT- 2011/08/16 06:00 PHST- 2011/02/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/06/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/07/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/08/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/08/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/07 06:00 [medline] AID - S0031-9384(11)00379-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.027 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Physiol Behav. 2011 Oct 24;104(5):816-22. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.027. Epub 2011 Aug 4. PMID- 21773583 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120116 LR - 20181201 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 2 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Jan TI - Red wine: a source of potent ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. PG - 28-38 LID - 10.1039/c0fo00086h [doi] AB - Moderate red wine consumption has been correlated with lower incidences of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. We studied binding of ligands from different wines to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a key factor in glucose and lipid metabolism. Ellagic acid and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy in the most active wine fractions. They had an affinity to PPARgamma similar to that of the standard pharmaceutical agent rosiglitazone, which is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The IC(50) values of ellagic acid and ECG were 5.7 x 10(-7) M and 5.9 x 10(-7) M, respectively. All of the red wines had affinities for PPARgamma equivalent to concentrations of rosiglitazone ranging from 52-521 muM. One hundred milliliters of the tested red wines was equivalent to approximately 1.8-18 mg of rosiglitazone. This volume contained an activity equivalent of at least a quarter of (and up to four times) the daily dose of this potent anti-diabetes drug. The ameliorating effects of red wine on metabolic diseases may be partially explained by the presence of PPARgamma ligands. FAU - Zoechling, Alfred AU - Zoechling A AD - Christian Doppler Laboratory for Receptor Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria. FAU - Liebner, Falk AU - Liebner F FAU - Jungbauer, Alois AU - Jungbauer A LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20101119 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Coumaric Acids) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Ligands) RN - 0 (PPAR gamma) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Thiazolidinediones) RN - 0 (antioxidant biofactor AOB) RN - 05V02F2KDG (Rosiglitazone) RN - 0C056HB16M (gallocatechin gallate) RN - 19YRN3ZS9P (Ellagic Acid) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 92587OVD8Z (epicatechin gallate) SB - IM MH - Binding, Competitive MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Catechin/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism MH - Coumaric Acids/chemistry/metabolism MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control MH - Ellagic Acid/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Flavonoids/chemistry/metabolism MH - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MH - Humans MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/metabolism MH - Ligands MH - Models, Chemical MH - PPAR gamma/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Phenols/chemistry/metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/metabolism MH - Polyphenols/chemistry/metabolism MH - Rosiglitazone MH - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared MH - Thiazolidinediones/chemistry/metabolism MH - Wine/*analysis EDAT- 2011/07/21 06:00 MHDA- 2012/01/17 06:00 CRDT- 2011/07/21 06:00 PHST- 2011/07/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/07/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/01/17 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1039/c0fo00086h [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2011 Jan;2(1):28-38. doi: 10.1039/c0fo00086h. Epub 2010 Nov 19. PMID- 21699979 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120123 LR - 20150831 IS - 1096-1186 (Electronic) IS - 1043-6618 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 5 DP - 2011 Nov TI - Evidence that nitric oxide mediates the blood pressure lowering effect of a polyphenol-rich cocoa powder in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PG - 478-81 LID - 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.06.005 [doi] AB - The involvement of endothelial-relaxing factors on the antihypertensive effect of a polyphenol-rich cocoa powder named CocoanOX (CCX) was studied. Thirty 17-20-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), weighing 314 +/- 3g were used. They were divided into two groups of 15 animals, that were respectively administered by gastric intubation distilled water or 300 mg/kg CCX dissolved in distilled water, between 9 am and 10 am. 2h after the oral administration, 5 of the animals in each group were intraperitoneally administered 1 ml saline. The remaining rats in both groups were divided into another two groups of 5 animals that were respectively administered 30 mg/kg Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) dissolved in 1 ml of saline or 5 mg/kg indomethacin also dissolved in 1 ml of saline by the same procedure. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was recorded in the rats by the tail cuff method before the initial oral administration and also 4h after this administration. CCX caused a significant decrease in SBP (-49.5 +/- 4.9 mmHg; p<0.05). L-NAME caused a clear increase in SBP in the rats (+16.2 +/- 4.3 mmHg; p<0.05), and the effect of CCX was not observed in the SHR that were treated with L-NAME (+4.1 +/- 1.7 mmHg; p<0.05). Nevertheless, indomethacin treatment did not modify SBP in the SHR and this compound failed to modify the antihypertensive effect of CCX in these animals. In conclusion, this study proves the participation of NO in the antihypertensive effect of CCX in the SHR strain. When CCX is administered, the synthesis, or the bioavailability, of this endothelial factor could increase, but other mechanisms may also participate in the antihypertensive effect of this cocoa powder. In any case, further investigation should be carried out to characterize the signalling pathways involved in the antihypertensive effect of CCX. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Quinones, M AU - Quinones M AD - Dpto. Farmacologia, Fac. Medicina, U. Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Muguerza, B AU - Muguerza B FAU - Miguel, M AU - Miguel M FAU - Aleixandre, A AU - Aleixandre A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110612 PL - Netherlands TA - Pharmacol Res JT - Pharmacological research JID - 8907422 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy/metabolism MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Polyphenols/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR EDAT- 2011/06/28 06:00 MHDA- 2012/01/24 06:00 CRDT- 2011/06/25 06:00 PHST- 2011/04/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/06/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/06/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/06/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/06/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/01/24 06:00 [medline] AID - S1043-6618(11)00171-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.06.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pharmacol Res. 2011 Nov;64(5):478-81. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.06.005. Epub 2011 Jun 12. PMID- 21696359 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120612 LR - 20191112 IS - 1875-5704 (Electronic) IS - 1567-2018 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 6 DP - 2011 Nov TI - Dark chocolate and blood pressure: a novel study from Jordan. PG - 595-9 AB - AIM: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of dark chocolate intake on cardiovascular parameters like blood pressure and heart rate values in a normotensive population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a randomized cross-sectional study involving a total of 14,310 adults that were selected from various regions of Jordan. Well-trained pharmacy students interviewed participants in the outpatient settings. Participants reported their weekly intake of dark chocolate that has been further classified into mild (1-2 bars/week), moderate (3-4 bars/week), and high intake ( > 4 bars/week). For each participant, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate were measured three times with (10-15) minute intervals in the sitting position and the resting state. The arterial blood pressure (ABP) was calculated from the measured SBP and DBP values. RESULTS: All measured blood pressure values were significantly decreased for participants who reported higher dark chocolate consumption. Our results showed that heart rate values were not affected by variable intake of dark chocolate. In addition, increasing dark chocolate intake was associated with a significant decrease of blood pressure values in participants irrespective of the family history of hypertension or the age of the individual. However, heart rate values were unaffected. CONCLUSION: Higher intake of dark chocolate can be associated with lower values of blood pressure, while its effect on heart rate values was not consistent. FAU - Al-Safi, Saafan A AU - Al-Safi SA AD - Walden University, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA. faisal.aboul-enein@waldenu.edu FAU - Ayoub, Nehad M AU - Ayoub NM FAU - Al-Doghim, Imad AU - Al-Doghim I FAU - Aboul-Enein, Faisal H AU - Aboul-Enein FH LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Curr Drug Deliv JT - Current drug delivery JID - 101208455 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Female MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Jordan MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2011/06/24 06:00 MHDA- 2012/06/13 06:00 CRDT- 2011/06/24 06:00 PHST- 2010/08/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/08/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/03/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/06/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/06/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/06/13 06:00 [medline] AID - BSP/CDD/E-Pub/00098 [pii] AID - 10.2174/156720111797635496 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Drug Deliv. 2011 Nov;8(6):595-9. doi: 10.2174/156720111797635496. PMID- 21691462 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20110714 LR - 20240314 IS - 1654-661X (Electronic) IS - 1654-6628 (Print) IS - 1654-661X (Linking) VI - 55 DP - 2011 TI - Association of candy consumption with body weight measures, other health risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and diet quality in US children and adolescents: NHANES 1999-2004. LID - 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5794 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of total, chocolate, or sugar candy consumption on intakes of total energy, fat, and added sugars; diet quality; weight/adiposity parameters; and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children 2-13 years of age (n=7,049) and adolescents 14-18 years (n=4,132) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: Twenty-four hour dietary recalls were used to determine intake. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). Covariate-adjusted means, standard errors, and prevalence rates were determined for each candy consumption group. Odds ratios were used to determine the likelihood of associations with weight status and diet quality. RESULTS: In younger children, total, chocolate, and sugar candy consumption was 11.4 g+/-1.61, 4.8 g+/-0.35, and 6.6 g+/-0.46, respectively. In adolescents, total, chocolate, and sugar candy consumption was 13.0 g+/-0.87, 7.0 g+/-0.56, and 5.9 g+/-0.56, respectively. Total candy consumers had higher intakes of total energy (2248.9 kcals+/-26.8 vs 1993.1 kcals+/-15.1, p<0.0001) and added sugars (27.7 g+/-0.44 vs 23.4 g+/-0.38, p<0.0001) than non-consumers. Mean HEI-2005 score was not different in total candy and sugar candy consumers as compared to non-consumers, but was significantly lower in chocolate candy consumers (46.7+/-0.8 vs 48.3+/-0.4, p=0.0337). Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percentiles/z-score for weight-for-age and BMI-for-age were lower for candy consumers as compared to non-consumers. Candy consumers were 22 and 26%, respectively, less likely to be overweight and obese than non-candy consumers. Blood pressure, blood lipid levels, and cardiovascular risk factors were not different between total, chocolate, and sugar candy consumers and non-consumers (except that sugar candy consumers had lower C-reactive protein levels than non-consumers). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that candy consumption did not adversely affect health risk markers in children and adolescents. FAU - O'Neil, Carol E AU - O'Neil CE AD - Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. FAU - Fulgoni, Victor L 3rd AU - Fulgoni VL 3rd FAU - Nicklas, Theresa A AU - Nicklas TA LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20110614 PL - Sweden TA - Food Nutr Res JT - Food & nutrition research JID - 101488795 PMC - PMC3118036 OTO - NOTNLM OT - NHANES OT - added sugars OT - adolescents OT - candy OT - children OT - chocolate OT - dietary adequacy OT - discretionary calories OT - health risk factors OT - healthy eating index OT - nutrient intake OT - sugar candy EDAT- 2011/06/22 06:00 MHDA- 2011/06/22 06:01 PMCR- 2011/06/14 CRDT- 2011/06/22 06:00 PHST- 2010/11/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/02/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/05/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/06/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/06/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/06/22 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2011/06/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 5794 [pii] AID - FNR-55-5794 [pii] AID - 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5794 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Nutr Res. 2011;55. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5794. Epub 2011 Jun 14. PMID- 21665390 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120124 LR - 20220409 IS - 1873-4111 (Electronic) IS - 0378-5122 (Linking) VI - 69 IP - 4 DP - 2011 Aug TI - The impact of chocolate on cardiovascular health. PG - 312-21 LID - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.05.011 [doi] AB - Cardiovascular disease is the leading determinant of mortality and morbidity in women. Functional foods are attracting interest as potential regulators of the susceptibility to disease. Supported by epidemiological evidence, chocolate has emerged as a possible modulator of cardiovascular risk. Chocolate, or cocoa as the natural source, contains flavanols, a subclass of flavonoids. The latter years have witnessed an increasing number of experimental and clinical studies that suggest a protective effect of chocolate against atherogenesis. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial function define three biological mechanisms that have shown sensitivity to chocolate. Moreover, the consumption of chocolate has been involved in the protective modulation of blood pressure, the lipid profile, the activation of platelets, and the sensitivity to insulin. Dark chocolate seems more protective than milk or white chocolate. Despite this array of benefits, there is a lack of well designed clinical studies demonstrating cardiovascular benefit of chocolate. The high caloric content of chocolate, particularly of some less pure forms, imposes caution before recommending uncontrolled consumption. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Fernandez-Murga, L AU - Fernandez-Murga L AD - Fundacion para la Investigacion Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain. lfernandez@ibv.csic.es FAU - Tarin, J J AU - Tarin JJ FAU - Garcia-Perez, M A AU - Garcia-Perez MA FAU - Cano, A AU - Cano A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20110612 PL - Ireland TA - Maturitas JT - Maturitas JID - 7807333 RN - 0 (Cardiovascular Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology MH - Flavonols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - *Functional Food MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/drug therapy MH - Insulin/metabolism MH - Lipids/blood MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Preparations/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Platelet Activation/drug effects EDAT- 2011/06/15 06:00 MHDA- 2012/01/25 06:00 CRDT- 2011/06/14 06:00 PHST- 2011/05/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/05/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/06/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/06/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/01/25 06:00 [medline] AID - S0378-5122(11)00178-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.05.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Maturitas. 2011 Aug;69(4):312-21. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.05.011. Epub 2011 Jun 12. PMID- 21649987 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110621 LR - 20161125 IS - 0741-6245 (Print) IS - 0741-6245 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 5 DP - 2011 May TI - Chocolate wonders. Healthy perks in small amounts. PG - 7 LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Mayo Clin Health Lett JT - Mayo Clinic health letter (English ed.) JID - 8507508 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) MH - *Cacao MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Heart Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/prevention & control MH - Phytotherapy/*methods MH - Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use EDAT- 2011/06/10 06:00 MHDA- 2011/06/22 06:00 CRDT- 2011/06/10 06:00 PHST- 2011/06/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/06/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/06/22 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Mayo Clin Health Lett. 2011 May;29(5):7. PMID- 21559039 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111215 LR - 20261010 IS - 1476-5640 (Electronic) IS - 0954-3007 (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 8 DP - 2011 Aug TI - Effects of cocoa products/dark chocolate on serum lipids: a meta-analysis. PG - 879-86 LID - 10.1038/ejcn.2011.64 [doi] AB - Cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, have been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Dark chocolate contains saturated fat and is a source of dietary calories; consequently, it is important to determine whether consumption of dark chocolate adversely affects the blood lipid profile. The objective was to examine the effects of dark chocolate/cocoa product consumption on the lipid profile using published trials. A detailed literature search was conducted via MEDLINE (from 1966 to May 2010), CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled clinical trials assessing the effects of flavanol-rich cocoa products or dark chocolate on lipid profile. The primary effect measure was the difference in means of the final measurements between the intervention and control groups. In all, 10 clinical trials consisting of 320 participants were included in the analysis. Treatment duration ranged from 2 to 12 weeks. Intervention with dark chocolate/cocoa products significantly reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (differences in means (95% CI) were -5.90 mg/dl (-10.47, -1.32 mg/dl) and -6.23 mg/dl (-11.60, -0.85 mg/dl), respectively). No statistically significant effects were observed for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (difference in means (95% CI): -0.76 mg/dl (-3.02 to 1.51 mg/dl)) and triglyceride (TG) (-5.06 mg/dl (-13.45 to 3.32 mg/dl)). These data are consistent with beneficial effects of dark chocolate/cocoa products on total and LDL cholesterol and no major effects on HDL and TG in short-term intervention trials. FAU - Tokede, O A AU - Tokede OA AD - Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02120-1613, USA. otokede@hsph.harvard.edu FAU - Gaziano, J M AU - Gaziano JM FAU - Djousse, L AU - Djousse L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Review DEP - 20110511 PL - England TA - Eur J Clin Nutr JT - European journal of clinical nutrition JID - 8804070 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, HDL) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy MH - Databases, Factual MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Lipoproteins, HDL/blood/*drug effects MH - Lipoproteins, LDL/blood/*drug effects MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Triglycerides/blood EDAT- 2011/05/12 06:00 MHDA- 2011/12/16 06:00 CRDT- 2011/05/12 06:00 PHST- 2011/05/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/05/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/12/16 06:00 [medline] AID - ejcn201164 [pii] AID - 10.1038/ejcn.2011.64 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Aug;65(8):879-86. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.64. Epub 2011 May 11. PMID- 21544087 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120830 LR - 20261010 IS - 1476-5527 (Electronic) IS - 0950-9240 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 6 DP - 2012 Jun TI - Effects of anthocyanins on blood pressure and stress reactivity: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. PG - 396-404 LID - 10.1038/jhh.2011.41 [doi] AB - High intakes of flavonoids are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, and flavonoids such as cocoa and soy protein isolate have shown beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP). Anthocyanins constitute a flavonoid subgroup consumed in regular diets, but few studies have assessed the antihypertensive potential of anthocyanins. We aimed to assess whether high concentrations of relatively pure anthocyanins reduce BP and alter cardiovascular and catecholamine reactivity to stress. A total of 31 healthy men between 35-51 years of age with screening BP >140/90 mm Hg, not on antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medication, were randomised in a double-blind crossover study to placebo versus 320-mg anthoycanins twice daily. Treatment duration was 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout. Sitting and supine BP measurements, ambulatory BP recording and stress reactivity were assessed and analyzed by a paired sample t-test. In all, 27 patients completed all visits. Sitting systolic BP (primary endpoint) was 133 mm Hg after placebo versus 135 mm Hg after anthocyanin treatment (P=0.25). Anthocyanins did neither affect semiautomatic oscillometric BP measurements in the sitting or supine position nor 24-h ambulatory BP. No significant differences in stress reactivity were found across treatment periods. Overall, we conclude that high concentrations of these relatively pure anthocyanins do not reduce BP in healthy men with a high normal BP. FAU - Hassellund, S S AU - Hassellund SS AD - Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway. skjalsh@medisin.uio.no FAU - Flaa, A AU - Flaa A FAU - Sandvik, L AU - Sandvik L FAU - Kjeldsen, S E AU - Kjeldsen SE FAU - Rostrup, M AU - Rostrup M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20110505 PL - England TA - J Hum Hypertens JT - Journal of human hypertension JID - 8811625 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Anthocyanins/*pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - Stress, Physiological/*physiology MH - Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology EDAT- 2011/05/06 06:00 MHDA- 2012/08/31 06:00 CRDT- 2011/05/06 06:00 PHST- 2011/05/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/05/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/08/31 06:00 [medline] AID - jhh201141 [pii] AID - 10.1038/jhh.2011.41 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Hum Hypertens. 2012 Jun;26(6):396-404. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.41. Epub 2011 May 5. PMID- 21526528 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110524 LR - 20161125 IS - 1070-910X (Print) IS - 1070-910X (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 7 DP - 2011 Mar TI - Heart failure risk is lower in women who regularly eat modest amounts of chocolate. PG - 7 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Harv Womens Health Watch JT - Harvard women's health watch JID - 9423147 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) MH - *Cacao MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Heart Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/prevention & control MH - Phytotherapy/*methods MH - Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use MH - *Women's Health EDAT- 2011/04/30 06:00 MHDA- 2011/05/25 06:00 CRDT- 2011/04/30 06:00 PHST- 2011/04/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/04/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/05/25 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Harv Womens Health Watch. 2011 Mar;18(7):7. PMID- 21525262 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110809 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Print) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 141 IP - 6 DP - 2011 Jun TI - Dietary epicatechin promotes survival of obese diabetic mice and Drosophila melanogaster. PG - 1095-100 LID - 10.3945/jn.110.134270 [doi] AB - The lifespan of diabetic patients is 7-8 y shorter than that of the general population because of hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications and damage to other organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated the effects of epicatechin, one of the major flavonoids in cocoa, on health-promoting effects in obese diabetic (db/db) mice (0.25% in drinking water for 15 wk) and Drosophila melanogaster (0.01-8 mmol/L in diet). Dietary intake of epicatechin promoted survival in the diabetic mice (50% mortality in diabetic control group vs. 8.4% in epicatechin group after 15 wk of treatment), whereas blood pressure, blood glucose, food intake, and body weight gain were not significantly altered. Pathological analysis showed that epicatechin administration reduced the degeneration of aortic vessels and blunted fat deposition and hydropic degeneration in the liver caused by diabetes. Epicatechin treatment caused changes in diabetic mice that are associated with a healthier and longer lifespan, including improved skeletal muscle stress output, reduced systematic inflammation markers and serum LDL cholesterol, increased hepatic antioxidant glutathione concentration and total superoxide dismutase activity, decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (from 303 +/- 21 mg/L in the diabetic control group to 189 +/- 21 mg/L in the epicatechin-treated group), and improved AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha activity in the liver and skeletal muscle. Consistently, epicatechin (0.1-8 mmol/L) also promoted survival and increased mean lifespan of Drosophila. Therefore, epicatechin may be a novel food-derived, antiaging compound. FAU - Si, Hongwei AU - Si H AD - Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. FAU - Fu, Zhuo AU - Fu Z FAU - Babu, Pon Velayutham Anandh AU - Babu PV FAU - Zhen, Wei AU - Zhen W FAU - Leroith, Tanya AU - Leroith T FAU - Meaney, Mary Pat AU - Meaney MP FAU - Voelker, Kevin A AU - Voelker KA FAU - Jia, Zhenquan AU - Jia Z FAU - Grange, Robert W AU - Grange RW FAU - Liu, Dongmin AU - Liu D LA - eng GR - R21 AT002739/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 AT004694/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - 1R21AT004694-01/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - 1R21AT002739/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110427 PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases) SB - IM MH - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism MH - Aging/drug effects/physiology MH - Animals MH - Biomarkers/metabolism MH - Catechin/*administration & dosage MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects/physiology MH - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism MH - Longevity/*drug effects MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Obese MH - Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Obesity/complications/*diet therapy/physiopathology PMC - PMC3095141 COIS- Author disclosures: H. Si, Z. Fu, P. V. A. Babu, W. Zhen, T. LeRoith, M. P. Meaney, K. A. Voelker, Z. Jia, R. W. Grange, and D. Liu, have no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2011/04/29 06:00 MHDA- 2011/08/10 06:00 PMCR- 2012/06/01 CRDT- 2011/04/29 06:00 PHST- 2011/04/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/04/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/08/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0022-3166(22)02959-5 [pii] AID - 134270 [pii] AID - 10.3945/jn.110.134270 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2011 Jun;141(6):1095-100. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.134270. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID- 21449128 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110412 LR - 20110309 IS - 1051-5313 (Print) IS - 1051-5313 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 6 DP - 2011 Feb TI - Taking the myth (and, alas, some of the romance) out of chocolate and the heart. PG - 6 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Harv Heart Lett JT - Harvard heart letter : from Harvard Medical School JID - 9425723 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) MH - *Cacao MH - Heart Diseases/prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control MH - Phytotherapy/*methods MH - Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use EDAT- 2011/04/01 06:00 MHDA- 2011/04/13 06:00 CRDT- 2011/04/01 06:00 PHST- 2011/04/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/04/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/04/13 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Harv Heart Lett. 2011 Feb;21(6):6. PMID- 21437025 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20110714 LR - 20211020 IS - 1865-3499 (Electronic) IS - 1555-8932 (Print) IS - 1555-8932 (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Feb TI - Chocolate: (un)healthy source of polyphenols? PG - 1-3 LID - 10.1007/s12263-010-0185-7 [doi] AB - There is recent epidemiological evidence that chocolate consumption may improve vascular health. Furthermore, several small-scale human intervention studies indicate that habitual chocolate intake enhances the production of vasodilative nitric oxide and may lower blood pressure. It is hypothesized that potential beneficial effects of chocolate on vascular health are at least partly mediated by cocoa polyphenols including procyanidins. Based on cell culture studies, molecular targets of chocolate polyphenols are endothelial nitric oxide synthetase as well as arginase. However, human bioavailability studies suggest that the plasma concentrations of cocoa polyphenols are manifold lower than those concentrations used in cultured cells in vitro. The experimental evidence for beneficial vascular effects of chocolate in human interventions studies is yet not fully convincing. Some human intervention studies on chocolate and its polyphenols lack a stringent study design. They are sometimes underpowered and not always placebo controlled. Dietary chocolate intake in many of these human studies was up to 100 g per day. Since chocolate is a rich source of sugar and saturated fat, it is questionable whether chocolate could be recommended as part of a nutrition strategy to promote vascular health. FAU - Rimbach, Gerald AU - Rimbach G FAU - Egert, Sarah AU - Egert S FAU - de Pascual-Teresa, Sonia AU - de Pascual-Teresa S LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20100930 PL - Germany TA - Genes Nutr JT - Genes & nutrition JID - 101280108 PMC - PMC3040796 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chocolate OT - Polyphenols OT - Procyanidins OT - Vascular health EDAT- 2011/03/26 06:00 MHDA- 2011/03/26 06:01 PMCR- 2011/02/01 CRDT- 2011/03/26 06:00 PHST- 2010/08/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/09/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/03/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/03/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2011/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 185 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s12263-010-0185-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Genes Nutr. 2011 Feb;6(1):1-3. doi: 10.1007/s12263-010-0185-7. Epub 2010 Sep 30. PMID- 21419316 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110815 LR - 20260128 IS - 1879-0739 (Electronic) IS - 0271-5317 (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 2 DP - 2011 Feb TI - Candy consumption was not associated with body weight measures, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, or metabolic syndrome in US adults: NHANES 1999-2004. PG - 122-30 LID - 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.007 [doi] AB - There is limited research examining the relationship of candy consumption by adults on diet and health. The purpose of this study was to determine total, chocolate, or sugar candy consumption and their effect on energy, saturated fatty acid and added sugar intake, weight, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and diet quality in adults 19 years and older (n = 15,023) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were used to determine intake. Covariate-adjusted means +/- SE and prevalence rates were determined for candy consumption groups. Odds ratios were used to determine the likelihood of cardiovascular risk factors and MetS. A total of 21.8%, 12.9%, and 10.9% of adults consumed total, chocolate, and sugar candy, respectively. Mean daily per capita intake of total, chocolate, and sugar candy was 9.0 +/- 0.3, 5.7 +/- 0.2, and 3.3 +/- 0.2 g, respectively; intake in consumers was 38.3 +/- 1.0, 39.9 +/- 1.1, and 28.9 +/- 1.3 g, respectively. Energy (9973 +/- 92 vs 9027 +/- 50 kJ; P < .0001), saturated fatty acid (27.9 +/- 0.26 vs 26.9 +/- 0.18 g; P = .0058), and added sugar (25.7 +/- 0.42 vs 21.1 +/- 0.41 g; P < .0001) intake were higher in candy consumers than nonconsumers. Body mass index (27.7 +/- 0.15 vs 28.2 +/- 0.12 kg/m(2); P = .0092), waist circumference (92.3 +/- 0.34 vs 96.5 +/- 0.29 cm; P = .0051), and C-reactive protein (0.40 +/- 0.01 vs 0.43 +/- 0.01 mg/dL; P = .0487) levels were lower in candy consumers than nonconsumers. Candy consumers had a 14% decreased risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure (P = .0466); chocolate consumers had a 19% decreased risk of lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .0364) and a 15% reduced risk of MetS (P = .0453). Results suggest that the current level of candy consumption was not associated with health risks. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - O'Neil, Carol E AU - O'Neil CE AD - School of Human Ecology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. coneil1@lsu.edu FAU - Fulgoni, Victor L 3rd AU - Fulgoni VL 3rd FAU - Nicklas, Theresa A AU - Nicklas TA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PL - United States TA - Nutr Res JT - Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) JID - 8303331 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Body Composition MH - Body Mass Index MH - *Body Weight MH - C-Reactive Protein/analysis MH - Candy/*adverse effects MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Diet MH - Energy Intake MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/complications MH - Logistic Models MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Nutrition Surveys MH - Nutritional Status MH - Risk Factors MH - United States/epidemiology MH - Waist Circumference EDAT- 2011/03/23 06:00 MHDA- 2011/08/16 06:00 CRDT- 2011/03/23 06:00 PHST- 2010/09/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/01/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/01/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/03/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/08/16 06:00 [medline] AID - S0271-5317(11)00015-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.007 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Res. 2011 Feb;31(2):122-30. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.007. PMID- 21367579 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110826 LR - 20181201 IS - 1873-1244 (Electronic) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 6 DP - 2011 Jun TI - Polyphenols: planting the seeds of treatment for the metabolic syndrome. PG - 617-23 LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.013 [doi] AB - Greater understanding about the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and potential causes suggests that plant polyphenols might be useful as a treatment. Dietary excess energy can be stored in adipocytes, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and adipose-related hormones that cause vascular injury. Plant polyphenols, organic compounds found in numerous plant species and their fruits, are being actively studied as potential treatments for components of the metabolic syndrome. Individual polyphenols that have been examined include resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, and curcumin. Resveratrol lowers weight, blood pressure, glucose, and insulin resistance in rodents, and a human trial is currently underway. Quercetin decreases lipid and glucose levels in obese rats, and in a human investigation of subjects with the metabolic syndrome has lowered blood pressure without significant alteration of lipids. Epigallocathechin-3-gallate-induced weight loss has attenuated glucose levels and insulin resistance in rodents and improved hemoglobin A(1c) and lipid in human studies. Plant extracts also can be used. Grape seed and chokeberry extracts have decreased blood pressure and lipid levels in small human trials. Other human investigations have shown the beneficial effects of cocoa, coffee, carob, and Momordica charantia. Thus far, most studies have involved a small number of subjects and have been of short duration. Future studies should be designed to account for a disease process in which the pathogenic factors may take place for years before disease manifestations take place, the possibly limited bioavailability of polyphenols, and the potential need to provide combinations or modifications of polyphenols. CI - Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Cherniack, E Paul AU - Cherniack EP AD - Geriatrics Institute, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. evan.cherniack@va.gov LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20110302 PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Stilbenes) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) RN - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin) RN - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/analysis/*therapeutic use MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives/analysis/therapeutic use MH - Curcumin/analysis/therapeutic use MH - Flavonoids/analysis/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*drug therapy MH - Phenols/analysis/*therapeutic use MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/therapeutic use MH - Polyphenols MH - Quercetin/analysis/therapeutic use MH - Resveratrol MH - Stilbenes/analysis/therapeutic use EDAT- 2011/03/04 06:00 MHDA- 2011/08/30 06:00 CRDT- 2011/03/04 06:00 PHST- 2010/07/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/10/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/10/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/03/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/08/30 06:00 [medline] AID - S0899-9007(10)00354-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.013 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2011 Jun;27(6):617-23. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.013. Epub 2011 Mar 2. PMID- 21297914 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20110714 LR - 20211020 IS - 1880-5086 (Electronic) IS - 0912-0009 (Print) IS - 0912-0009 (Linking) VI - 48 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Jan TI - Cocoa flavanols: effects on vascular nitric oxide and blood pressure. PG - 63-7 LID - 10.3164/jcbn.11-010FR [doi] AB - Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with benefits for human health. Those effects have been partially ascribed to their content in flavonoids, compounds that are present in many edible plants and its derived foods. In humans, a significant number of studies has been developed analyzing the effect of foods and beverages rich in flavonoids on the presence and progression of risk factors associated to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Cocoa derived products, rich in flavanols, have been thoroughly studied and demonstrated to be efficient improving endothelial function and decreasing blood pressure in humans and animals. However, the final chemical species and the mechanism/s responsible for these effects have not been completely defined. In this paper we present data supporting the hypothesis that flavanols could define superoxide anion production and then, establish optimal nitric oxide levels and blood pressure. FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG AD - Physical Chemistry-PRALIB, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Litterio, Maria C AU - Litterio MC FAU - Prince, Paula D AU - Prince PD FAU - Calabro, Valeria AU - Calabro V FAU - Piotrkowski, Barbara AU - Piotrkowski B FAU - Galleano, Monica AU - Galleano M LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20101228 PL - Japan TA - J Clin Biochem Nutr JT - Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition JID - 8700907 PMC - PMC3022066 OTO - NOTNLM OT - (-)-epicatechin OT - antioxidants OT - nitric oxide OT - oxidants EDAT- 2011/02/08 06:00 MHDA- 2011/02/08 06:01 PMCR- 2011/01/01 CRDT- 2011/02/08 06:00 PHST- 2010/10/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/10/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/02/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/02/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/02/08 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2011/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jcbn11-010FR [pii] AID - 10.3164/jcbn.11-010FR [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2011 Jan;48(1):63-7. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.11-010FR. Epub 2010 Dec 28. PMID- 21213397 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110415 LR - 20220316 IS - 1793-6853 (Electronic) IS - 0192-415X (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 1 DP - 2011 TI - Hypotensive, hypolipidemic, and vascular protective effects of Morus alba L. in rats fed an atherogenic diet. PG - 39-52 AB - Morus alba L. has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and almost all parts of this plant are useful in cardiovascular, liver and spleen disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of a water extract from Morus alba L. (WMA) on vascular dysfunction in rat models fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet. Male rats were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of food with 7.5% cocoa butter and 1.25% cholesterol, with or without 100 or 200 mg/day/kg WMA, for 14 weeks. Chronic treatment with low (100 mg/kg/day) or high (200 mg/day/kg) doses of WMA markedly attenuated hypertension and the impairments of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aortic rings in rats fed an atherogenic diet. WMA reduced intima/media thickness in rats fed an atherogenic diet. WMA improved plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and augmented plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but did not affect blood glucose levels. Interestingly, WMA suppressed increased cell adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the aorta. Taken together, these results suggested that Morus alba L. could improve an atherogenic diet-induced hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and vascular dysfunction through inhibition of cell adhesion molecules expression and induction of vascular relaxation. FAU - Lee, Yun Jung AU - Lee YJ AD - Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea. FAU - Choi, Deok Ho AU - Choi DH FAU - Kim, Eun Ju AU - Kim EJ FAU - Kim, Hye Yoom AU - Kim HY FAU - Kwon, Tae Oh AU - Kwon TO FAU - Kang, Dae Gill AU - Kang DG FAU - Lee, Ho Sub AU - Lee HS LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Singapore TA - Am J Chin Med JT - The American journal of Chinese medicine JID - 7901431 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, Dietary) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Hypolipidemic Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - N9YNS0M02X (Acetylcholine) SB - IM MH - Acetylcholine MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Cell Adhesion Molecules/blood MH - Cholesterol, Dietary/*adverse effects/blood MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Diet, Atherogenic MH - Hyperlipidemias/blood/*drug therapy/pathology MH - Hypertension/blood/*drug therapy/pathology MH - Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Male MH - Morus/*chemistry MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Plant Leaves MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Tunica Intima/drug effects/pathology MH - Tunica Media/drug effects/pathology MH - Vasodilation/drug effects EDAT- 2011/01/08 06:00 MHDA- 2011/04/19 06:00 CRDT- 2011/01/08 06:00 PHST- 2011/01/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/01/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/04/19 06:00 [medline] AID - S0192415X11008634 [pii] AID - 10.1142/S0192415X11008634 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Chin Med. 2011;39(1):39-52. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X11008634. PMID- 21081218 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110303 LR - 20131121 IS - 1557-8925 (Electronic) IS - 1054-3589 (Linking) VI - 60 DP - 2010 TI - Polyphenol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations role of NO and EDHF. PG - 133-75 LID - 10.1016/B978-0-12-385061-4.00006-4 [doi] AB - The Mediterranean diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies. Indeed, because of the abundance of fruits and vegetables and a moderate consumption of wine, the Mediterranean diet provides high amounts of polyphenols thought to be essential bioactive compounds that might provide health benefits in terms of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Several polyphenol-rich sources, such as grape-derived products, cocoa, and tea, have been shown to decrease mean blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The improvement of the endothelial function is likely to be one of the mechanisms by which polyphenols may confer cardiovascular protection. Indeed, polyphenols are able to induce nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations in a large number of arteries including the coronary artery; they can also induce endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxations in some of these arteries. Altogether, these mechanisms might contribute to explain the antihypertensive and cardio-protective effects of polyphenols in vivo. The aim of this review was to provide a nonexhaustive analysis of the effect of several polyphenol-rich sources and isolated compounds on the endothelium in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in humans. CI - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Schini-Kerth, Valerie B AU - Schini-Kerth VB AD - Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, Faculte de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France. FAU - Auger, Cyril AU - Auger C FAU - Etienne-Selloum, Nelly AU - Etienne-Selloum N FAU - Chataigneau, Thierry AU - Chataigneau T LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Adv Pharmacol JT - Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) JID - 9015397 RN - 0 (Biological Factors) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Biological Factors/*biosynthesis MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Phenols/*pharmacology MH - Polyphenols MH - Vasodilation/*drug effects/physiology EDAT- 2010/11/18 06:00 MHDA- 2011/03/04 06:00 CRDT- 2010/11/18 06:00 PHST- 2010/11/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/11/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/03/04 06:00 [medline] AID - B978-0-12-385061-4.00006-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/B978-0-12-385061-4.00006-4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Adv Pharmacol. 2010;60:133-75. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385061-4.00006-4. PMID- 21068351 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110127 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 93 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Jan TI - Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention study. PG - 62-72 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.110.000075 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The absorption of cocoa flavanols in the small intestine is limited, and the majority of the flavanols reach the large intestine where they may be metabolized by resident microbiota. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prebiotic potential of cocoa flavanols in a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled intervention study. DESIGN: Twenty-two healthy human volunteers were randomly assigned to either a high-cocoa flavanol (HCF) group (494 mg cocoa flavanols/d) or a low-cocoa flavanol (LCF) group (23 mg cocoa flavanols/d) for 4 wk. This was followed by a 4-wk washout period before volunteers crossed to the alternant arm. Fecal samples were recovered before and after each intervention, and bacterial numbers were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization. A number of other biochemical and physiologic markers were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the consumption of the LCF drink, the daily consumption of the HCF drink for 4 wk significantly increased the bifidobacterial (P < 0.01) and lactobacilli (P < 0.001) populations but significantly decreased clostridia counts (P < 0.001). These microbial changes were paralleled by significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol (P < 0.05) and C-reactive protein (P < 0.05) concentrations. Furthermore, changes in C-reactive protein concentrations were linked to changes in lactobacilli counts (P < 0.05, R(2) = -0.33 for the model). These in vivo changes were closely paralleled by cocoa flavanol-induced bacterial changes in mixed-batch culture experiments. CONCLUSION: This study shows, for the first time to our knowledge, that consumption of cocoa flavanols can significantly affect the growth of select gut microflora in humans, which suggests the potential prebiotic benefits associated with the dietary inclusion of flavanol-rich foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01091922. FAU - Tzounis, Xenofon AU - Tzounis X AD - Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK. FAU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana AU - Rodriguez-Mateos A FAU - Vulevic, Jelena AU - Vulevic J FAU - Gibson, Glenn R AU - Gibson GR FAU - Kwik-Uribe, Catherine AU - Kwik-Uribe C FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E AU - Spencer JP LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01091922 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20101110 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Prebiotics) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antioxidants/metabolism MH - Bifidobacterium/*drug effects/growth & development MH - Biomarkers MH - Blood Pressure MH - C-Reactive Protein/analysis MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Diet MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Feces/microbiology MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Lactobacillus/*drug effects/growth & development MH - Male MH - *Prebiotics EDAT- 2010/11/12 06:00 MHDA- 2011/01/29 06:00 CRDT- 2010/11/12 06:00 PHST- 2010/11/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/11/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/01/29 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)02016-6 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.110.000075 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jan;93(1):62-72. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.000075. Epub 2010 Nov 10. PMID- 20977454 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110210 LR - 20260415 IS - 1476-5381 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1188 (Print) IS - 0007-1188 (Linking) VI - 161 IP - 5 DP - 2010 Nov TI - Biological actions of green tea catechins on cardiac troponin C. PG - 1034-43 LID - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00942.x [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Catechins, biologically active polyphenols in green tea, are known to have a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated direct actions of green tea catechins on cardiac muscle function to explore their uses as potential drugs for cardiac muscle disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The effects of catechins were systematically investigated on the force-pCa relationship in skinned cardiac muscle fibres to determine their direct effects on cardiac myofilament contractility. The mechanisms of action of effective catechins were investigated using troponin exchange techniques, quartz crystal microbalance, nuclear magnetic resonance and a transgenic mouse model. KEY RESULTS: (-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (ECg) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), but not their stereoismers (-)-catechin-3-gallate and (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, decreased cardiac myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity probably through its interaction with cardiac troponin C. EGCg restored cardiac output in isolated working hearts by improving diastolic dysfunction caused by increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The green tea catechins, ECg and EGCg, are Ca(2+) desensitizers acting through binding to cardiac troponin C. These compounds might be useful compounds for the development of therapeutic agents to treat the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of cardiac myofilaments. CI - (c) 2010 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology (c) 2010 The British Pharmacological Society. FAU - Tadano, Naoto AU - Tadano N AD - Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. FAU - Du, Cheng-Kun AU - Du CK FAU - Yumoto, Fumiaki AU - Yumoto F FAU - Morimoto, Sachio AU - Morimoto S FAU - Ohta, Mika AU - Ohta M FAU - Xie, Ming-Fang AU - Xie MF FAU - Nagata, Koji AU - Nagata K FAU - Zhan, Dong-Yun AU - Zhan DY FAU - Lu, Qun-Wei AU - Lu QW FAU - Miwa, Yoshikazu AU - Miwa Y FAU - Takahashi-Yanaga, Fumi AU - Takahashi-Yanaga F FAU - Tanokura, Masaru AU - Tanokura M FAU - Ohtsuki, Iwao AU - Ohtsuki I FAU - Sasaguri, Toshiyuki AU - Sasaguri T LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Br J Pharmacol JT - British journal of pharmacology JID - 7502536 RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 0 (Troponin C) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Actin Cytoskeleton/drug effects/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Calcium/metabolism MH - Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Humans MH - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Myocardial Contraction/drug effects MH - Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques MH - Rabbits MH - Stereoisomerism MH - Tea/*chemistry MH - Troponin C/*drug effects/metabolism PMC - PMC2998685 EDAT- 2010/10/28 06:00 MHDA- 2011/02/11 06:00 PMCR- 2011/11/01 CRDT- 2010/10/28 06:00 PHST- 2010/10/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/10/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/02/11 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2011/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00942.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;161(5):1034-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00942.x. PMID- 20874688 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110606 LR - 20190918 IS - 1873-4316 (Electronic) IS - 1389-2010 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 8 DP - 2010 Dec TI - Hypertension, nitric oxide, oxidants, and dietary plant polyphenols. PG - 837-48 AB - Fruits and vegetables are key foods whose high ingestion is associated with the improvement of numerous pathological conditions, including hypertension. Such health promoting actions have been increasingly ascribed to the antioxidant characteristics of different polyphenols in fruits and vegetables. Consequently, based on this assumption, many beverages and foods rich in polyphenols, grape, tea, cocoa, and soy products and many of their chemical constituents purified, are being studied both, as antioxidants and antihypertensive agents. This paper reviews the current evidence linking high polyphenol consumption with reductions in blood pressure. Basic chemical aspects of flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones and stilbenes, as possible responsible for the observed effects of those foods on blood pressure are included. Human interventions studies by using grapes and wine, cocoa and chocolate, black and green tea, soy products, and purified compounds ((+)-catequin, quercetin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate) are summarized. The discussed hypothesis, strongly supported by experimental data in animals, is that by regulating nitric oxide bioavailability, polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables affect endothelial function and as a consequence, blood pressure. Even when data are not definitive and many questions remain open, the whole evidence is encouraging to start considering diets that can provide a benefit to hypertensive subjects, and those benefits will be more significant in people that do not have controlled his/her elevated blood pressure. FAU - Galleano, Monica AU - Galleano M AD - Physical Chemistry-PRALIB, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Pechanova, Olga AU - Pechanova O FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - Netherlands TA - Curr Pharm Biotechnol JT - Current pharmaceutical biotechnology JID - 100960530 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Oxidants) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/*pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy/drug therapy MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy/*drug therapy MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Oxidants/metabolism MH - Phenols/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Preparations/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Polyphenols MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism EDAT- 2010/09/30 06:00 MHDA- 2011/06/07 06:00 CRDT- 2010/09/30 06:00 PHST- 2010/05/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/05/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/09/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/09/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/06/07 06:00 [medline] AID - BSP/CPB/E-Pub/0103-11-8 [pii] AID - 10.2174/138920110793262114 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2010 Dec;11(8):837-48. doi: 10.2174/138920110793262114. PMID- 20858571 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110712 LR - 20250529 IS - 1532-1983 (Electronic) IS - 0261-5614 (Print) IS - 0261-5614 (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 2 DP - 2011 Apr TI - Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with prevalent coronary heart disease: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. PG - 182-7 LID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.005 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Epidemiologic studies have suggested beneficial effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular disease. Cocoa and particularly dark chocolate are rich in flavonoids and recent studies have demonstrated blood pressure lowering effects of dark chocolate. However, limited data are available on the association of chocolate consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We sought to examine the association between chocolate consumption and prevalent CHD. METHODS: We studied in a cross-sectional design 4970 participants aged 25-93 years who participated in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study. Chocolate intake was assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS: Compared to subjects who did not report any chocolate intake, odds ratios (95% CI) for CHD were 1.01 (0.76-1.37), 0.74 (0.56-0.98), and 0.43 (0.28-0.67) for subjects consuming 1-3 times/month, 1-4 times/week, and 5+ times/week, respectively (p for trend <0.0001) adjusting for age, sex, family CHD risk group, energy intake, education, non-chocolate candy intake, linolenic acid intake, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, and fruit and vegetables. Consumption of non-chocolate candy was associated with a 49% higher prevalence of CHD comparing 5+/week vs. 0/week [OR = 1.49 (0.96-2.32)]. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that consumption of chocolate is inversely related with prevalent CHD in a general United States population. CI - Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - Djousse, Luc AU - Djousse L AD - Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02120, MA, USA. ldjousse@rics.bwh.harvard.edu FAU - Hopkins, Paul N AU - Hopkins PN FAU - North, Kari E AU - North KE FAU - Pankow, James S AU - Pankow JS FAU - Arnett, Donna K AU - Arnett DK FAU - Ellison, R Curtis AU - Ellison RC LA - eng GR - U01 HL67899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56564/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056569/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067901/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56569/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067900/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67895/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56565/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067893/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056564/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56566/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67900/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056566/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067894/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056565/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056563/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067895/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - K01 HL070444/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - K01-HL70444/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56563/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67902/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL117078/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL 67893/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL067902/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67894/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL67901/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20100919 PL - England TA - Clin Nutr JT - Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) JID - 8309603 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM CIN - Curr Hypertens Rep. 2011 Dec;13(6):401-3. doi: 10.1007/s11906-011-0232-9. PMID: 21953488 CIN - Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;31(1):149; author reply 150. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.005. PMID: 22119210 MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Coronary Disease/*epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diet MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.) MH - Odds Ratio MH - Prevalence MH - Regression Analysis MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - United States PMC - PMC3039704 MID - NIHMS244402 COIS- Conflict of interest statement: None to disclose. EDAT- 2010/09/23 06:00 MHDA- 2011/07/13 06:00 PMCR- 2012/04/01 CRDT- 2010/09/23 06:00 PHST- 2010/07/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/08/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/08/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/09/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/09/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/07/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0261-5614(10)00157-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;30(2):182-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.005. Epub 2010 Sep 19. PMID- 20852295 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111123 LR - 20131121 IS - 1522-9645 (Electronic) IS - 0195-668X (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 21 DP - 2010 Nov TI - Flavanols and cardiovascular disease prevention. PG - 2583-92 LID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq332 [doi] AB - Diet is a major lifestyle factor in the primary and secondary prevention of numerous chronic diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Epidemiological studies suggest that the beneficial cardiovascular health effects of diets rich in fruits and vegetables are in part mediated by their flavonoid content, with particular benefits provided by one member of this family, the flavanols. This concept is supported by findings from small-scale intervention studies with surrogate endpoints including endothelium-dependent vasodilation, blood pressure, platelet function, and glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, short-term effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation following the consumption of flavanol-rich foods, as well as purified flavanols, have been linked to an increased nitric oxide bioactivity in healthy humans, and those with increased cardiovascular risk. The critical biological target(s) for flavanols have yet to be identified and the extent to which these acute results are important in the context of long-term human health is unknown. While flavanols represent a promising class of food components with respect to their ability to lower cardiovascular risk the flavanol-rich foods used in many trials have been poorly defined with respect to their flavanol content and flavanol-isomer profile; several studies have lacked appropriate controls, and the long-term randomized controlled intervention trials with flavanol-rich foods are missing. Thus, while the literature regarding flavanols and vascular health is encouraging, more in-depth and well-controlled clinical and experimental studies are needed to better define the potential protective vascular effects of these nutrients and their therapeutic value in cardiovascular medicine. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AD - Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Pulmonology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. FAU - Keen, Carl L AU - Keen CL FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20100918 PL - England TA - Eur Heart J JT - European heart journal JID - 8006263 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Endothelium, Vascular/physiology MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Prospective Studies MH - Vasodilation/physiology EDAT- 2010/09/21 06:00 MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00 CRDT- 2010/09/21 06:00 PHST- 2010/09/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/09/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline] AID - ehq332 [pii] AID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq332 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur Heart J. 2010 Nov;31(21):2583-92. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq332. Epub 2010 Sep 18. PMID- 20823377 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101110 LR - 20220408 IS - 1524-4563 (Electronic) IS - 0194-911X (Linking) VI - 56 IP - 5 DP - 2010 Nov TI - Effects on peripheral and central blood pressure of cocoa with natural or high-dose theobromine: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. PG - 839-46 LID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158139 [doi] AB - Flavanol-rich cocoa products have been reported to lower blood pressure. It has been suggested that theobromine is partially responsible for this effect. We tested whether consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa drinks with natural or added theobromine could lower peripheral and central blood pressure. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-period crossover trial we assigned 42 healthy individuals (age 62+/-4.5 years; 32 men) with office blood pressure of 130 to 159 mm Hg/85 to 99 mm Hg and low added cardiovascular risk to a random treatment sequence of dairy drinks containing placebo, flavanol-rich cocoa with natural dose consisting of 106 mg of theobromine, or theobromine-enriched flavanol-rich cocoa with 979 mg of theobromine. Treatment duration was 3 weeks with a 2-week washout. The primary outcome was the difference in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure between placebo and active treatment after 3 weeks. The difference in central systolic blood pressure between placebo and active treatment was a secondary outcome. Treatment with theobromine-enriched cocoa resulted in a mean+/-SE of 3.2+/-1.1 mm Hg higher 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure compared with placebo (P<0.01). In contrast, 2 hours after theobromine-enriched cocoa, laboratory peripheral systolic blood pressure was not different from placebo, whereas central systolic blood pressure was 4.3+/-1.4 mm Hg lower (P=0.001). Natural dose theobromine cocoa did not significantly change either 24-hour ambulatory or central systolic blood pressure compared with placebo. In conclusion, theobromine-enriched cocoa significantly increased 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure while lowering central systolic blood pressure. FAU - van den Bogaard, Bas AU - van den Bogaard B AD - Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. b.vandenbogaard@amc.nl FAU - Draijer, Richard AU - Draijer R FAU - Westerhof, Berend E AU - Westerhof BE FAU - van den Meiracker, Anton H AU - van den Meiracker AH FAU - van Montfrans, Gert A AU - van Montfrans GA FAU - van den Born, Bert-Jan H AU - van den Born BJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100907 PL - United States TA - Hypertension JT - Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) JID - 7906255 RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Beverages MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Theobromine/*administration & dosage MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2010/09/09 06:00 MHDA- 2010/11/11 06:00 CRDT- 2010/09/09 06:00 PHST- 2010/09/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/09/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/11/11 06:00 [medline] AID - HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158139 [pii] AID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158139 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hypertension. 2010 Nov;56(5):839-46. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158139. Epub 2010 Sep 7. PMID- 20806805 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100929 LR - 20100816 IS - 1051-5313 (Print) IS - 1051-5313 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 12 DP - 2010 Aug TI - A sweet, nutty plan for better cholesterol, blood pressure. PG - 7 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Harv Heart Lett JT - Harvard heart letter : from Harvard Medical School JID - 9425723 MH - *Cacao MH - Humans MH - Hypercholesterolemia/*prevention & control MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control MH - *Nuts EDAT- 2010/09/03 06:00 MHDA- 2010/09/30 06:00 CRDT- 2010/09/03 06:00 PHST- 2010/09/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/09/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/09/30 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Harv Heart Lett. 2010 Aug;20(12):7. PMID- 20713904 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101014 LR - 20250529 IS - 1941-3297 (Electronic) IS - 1941-3289 (Print) IS - 1941-3289 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 5 DP - 2010 Sep TI - Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure: a population-based prospective study of middle-aged and elderly women. PG - 612-6 LID - 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.944025 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Randomized clinical trials have shown that chocolate intake reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and observational studies have found an inverse association between chocolate intake and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 31,823 women aged 48 to 83 years without baseline diabetes or a history of HF or myocardial infarction who were participants in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. In addition to answering health and lifestyle questions, participants completed a food-frequency questionnaire. Women were followed from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2006, for HF hospitalization or death through the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death registers. Over 9 years of follow-up, 419 women were hospitalized for incident HF (n=379) or died of HF (n=40). Compared with no regular chocolate intake, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratio of HF was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.95) for women consuming 1 to 3 servings of chocolate per month, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.93) for those consuming 1 to 2 servings per week, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.62) for those consuming 3 to 6 servings per week, and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.73 to 2.08) for those consuming >/=1 servings per day (P=0.0005 for quadratic trend). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, moderate habitual chocolate intake was associated with a lower rate of HF hospitalization or death, but the protective association was not observed with intake of >/=1 servings per day. FAU - Mostofsky, Elizabeth AU - Mostofsky E AD - Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA. FAU - Levitan, Emily B AU - Levitan EB FAU - Wolk, Alicja AU - Wolk A FAU - Mittleman, Murray A AU - Mittleman MA LA - eng GR - F32 HL091683/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 AI007535/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 A1007535-11/PHS HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100816 PL - United States TA - Circ Heart Fail JT - Circulation. Heart failure JID - 101479941 SB - IM CIN - Circ Heart Fail. 2011 Jan;4(1):e5; author reply e6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.959403. PMID: 21245453 MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Analysis of Variance MH - *Cacao MH - Chi-Square Distribution MH - Female MH - Heart Failure/*epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Middle Aged MH - Monte Carlo Method MH - Proportional Hazards Models MH - Prospective Studies MH - Registries MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Sweden/epidemiology PMC - PMC3052999 MID - NIHMS273104 EDAT- 2010/08/18 06:00 MHDA- 2010/10/15 06:00 PMCR- 2011/09/01 CRDT- 2010/08/18 06:00 PHST- 2010/08/18 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/08/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/10/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2011/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.944025 [pii] AID - 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.944025 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Circ Heart Fail. 2010 Sep;3(5):612-6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.944025. Epub 2010 Aug 16. PMID- 20655129 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110519 LR - 20250529 IS - 1532-1983 (Electronic) IS - 0261-5614 (Print) IS - 0261-5614 (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Feb TI - Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries: the NHLBI Family Heart Study. PG - 38-43 LID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.011 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND & AIMS: While a diet rich in anti-oxidant has been favorably associated with coronary disease and hypertension, limited data have evaluated the influence of such diet on subclinical disease. Thus, we sought to examine whether chocolate consumption is associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries (CAC). METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, we studied 2217 participants of the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Chocolate consumption was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and CAC was measured by cardiac CT. We defined prevalent CAC using an Agatston score of at least 100 and fitted generalized estimating equations to calculate prevalence odds ratios of CAC. RESULTS: There was an inverse association between frequency of chocolate consumption and prevalent CAC. Odds ratios (95% CI) for CAC were 1.0 (reference), 0.94 (0.66-1.35), 0.78 (0.53-1.13), and 0.68 (0.48-0.97) for chocolate consumption of 0, 1-3 times per month, once per week, and 2+ times per week, respectively (p for trend 0.022), adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, waist-hip ratio, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, ratio of total-to-HDL-cholesterol, non-chocolate candy, and diabetes mellitus. Controlling for additional confounders did not alter the findings. Exclusion of subjects with coronary heart disease or diabetes mellitus did not materially change the odds ratio estimates but did modestly decrease the overall significance (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that chocolate consumption might be inversely associated with prevalent CAC. CI - Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - Djousse, Luc AU - Djousse L AD - Division of Aging, Brigham & Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02120, USA. ldjousse@partners.org FAU - Hopkins, Paul N AU - Hopkins PN FAU - Arnett, Donna K AU - Arnett DK FAU - Pankow, James S AU - Pankow JS FAU - Borecki, Ingrid AU - Borecki I FAU - North, Kari E AU - North KE FAU - Curtis Ellison, R AU - Curtis Ellison R LA - eng GR - U01 HL56565/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56564/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056564/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056569/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56566/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56569/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056566/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056565/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056563/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - K01 HL070444/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - K01-HL70444/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL56563/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL117078/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 HL056568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20100722 PL - England TA - Clin Nutr JT - Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) JID - 8309603 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Calcinosis/*blood MH - Coronary Vessels/*pathology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Diet MH - Female MH - Heart/*physiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.) MH - Odds Ratio MH - Plaque, Atherosclerotic/*metabolism MH - Regression Analysis MH - Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods MH - United States PMC - PMC3005078 MID - NIHMS224432 COIS- Conflict of interest: None to disclose. EDAT- 2010/07/27 06:00 MHDA- 2011/05/20 06:00 PMCR- 2012/02/01 CRDT- 2010/07/27 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/05/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/06/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/07/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/07/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/05/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0261-5614(10)00113-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;30(1):38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.011. Epub 2010 Jul 22. PMID- 20645853 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101004 LR - 20220311 IS - 1545-4312 (Electronic) IS - 0199-9885 (Linking) VI - 30 DP - 2010 Aug 21 TI - The effect of nutrition on blood pressure. PG - 365-401 LID - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-010510-103954 [doi] AB - The incidence and severity of hypertension are affected by nutritional status and intake of many nutrients. Excessive energy intake and obesity are major causes of hypertension. Obesity is associated with increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, possibly other mineralcorticoid activity, insulin resistance, salt-sensitive hypertension and excess salt intake, and reduced kidney function. High sodium chloride intake strongly predisposes to hypertension. Increased alcohol consumption may acutely elevate blood pressure. High intakes of potassium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and protein, along with exercise and possibly vitamin D, may reduce blood pressure. Less-conclusive studies suggest that amino acids, tea, green coffee bean extract, dark chocolate, and foods high in nitrates may reduce blood pressure. Short-term studies indicate that specialized diets may prevent or ameliorate mild hypertension; most notable are the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which is high in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, and the DASH low-sodium diet. Long-term compliance to these diets remains a major concern. FAU - Savica, Vincenzo AU - Savica V AD - Units of Nephrology and Dialysis, Papardo Hospital, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy. FAU - Bellinghieri, Guido AU - Bellinghieri G FAU - Kopple, Joel D AU - Kopple JD LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Annu Rev Nutr JT - Annual review of nutrition JID - 8209988 SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - Diet, Reducing MH - Diet, Sodium-Restricted MH - Energy Intake MH - Fruit MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy/*etiology/prevention & control MH - Life Style MH - Nutrition Policy MH - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology MH - Obesity/*complications/diet therapy MH - Vegetables EDAT- 2010/07/22 06:00 MHDA- 2010/10/05 06:00 CRDT- 2010/07/22 06:00 PHST- 2010/07/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/07/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/10/05 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-010510-103954 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Annu Rev Nutr. 2010 Aug 21;30:365-401. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-010510-103954. PMID- 20620742 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100730 LR - 20100712 IS - 1558-3597 (Electronic) IS - 0735-1097 (Linking) VI - 56 IP - 3 DP - 2010 Jul 13 TI - Improvement of endothelial function with dietary flavanols is associated with mobilization of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with coronary artery disease. PG - 218-24 LID - 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.039 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) medically managed according to currently accepted guidelines, we tested whether a 1-month dietary intervention with flavanol-containing cocoa leads to an improvement of endothelial dysfunction and whether this is associated with an enhanced number and function of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). BACKGROUND: Dietary flavanols can improve endothelial dysfunction. The CACs, also termed endothelial progenitor cells, are critical for vascular repair and maintenance of endothelial function. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled, double-masked, cross-over trial, 16 CAD patients (64+/-3 years of age) received a dietary high-flavanol intervention (HiFI [375 mg]) and a macronutrient- and micronutrient-matched low-flavanol intervention (LoFI [9 mg]) twice daily in random order over 30 days. RESULTS: Endothelium-dependent vasomotor function, as measured by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery, improved by 47% in the HiFI period compared with the LoFI period. After HiFI, the number of CD34+/KDR+-CACs, as measured by flow cytometry, increased 2.2-fold as compared with after LoFI. The CAC functions, as measured by the capacity to survive, differentiate, proliferate, and to migrate were not different between the groups. The HiFI led to a decrease in systolic blood pressure (mean change over LoFI: -4.2+/-2.7 mm Hg), and increase in plasma nitrite level (mean change over LoFI: 74+/-32 nM). Applying a mixed-effects linear regression model, the results demonstrated a significant increase in flow-mediated vasodilation and a decrease in systolic blood pressure with increasing levels of CD34+/KDR+-CACs. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained improvements in endothelial dysfunction by regular dietary intake of flavanols are associated with mobilization of functional CACs. (Effect of Cocoa Flavanols on Vascular Function in Optimally Treated Coronary Artery Disease Patients: Interaction Between Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Reactivity of Micro- and Macrocirculation; NCT00553774). CI - Copyright (c) 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C AD - Division of Cardiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. christian.heiss@med.uni-duesseldorf.de FAU - Jahn, Sarah AU - Jahn S FAU - Taylor, Melanie AU - Taylor M FAU - Real, Wendy May AU - Real WM FAU - Angeli, Franca S AU - Angeli FS FAU - Wong, Maelene L AU - Wong ML FAU - Amabile, Nicolas AU - Amabile N FAU - Prasad, Megha AU - Prasad M FAU - Rassaf, Tienush AU - Rassaf T FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI FAU - Mihardja, Shirley AU - Mihardja S FAU - Keen, Carl L AU - Keen CL FAU - Springer, Matthew L AU - Springer ML FAU - Boyle, Andrew AU - Boyle A FAU - Grossman, William AU - Grossman W FAU - Glantz, Stanton A AU - Glantz SA FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H FAU - Yeghiazarians, Yerem AU - Yeghiazarians Y LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00553774 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Cardiol JT - Journal of the American College of Cardiology JID - 8301365 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao MH - Coronary Disease/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Diet MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelial Cells/physiology MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiology MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology MH - Vasodilation/physiology EDAT- 2010/07/14 06:00 MHDA- 2010/07/31 06:00 CRDT- 2010/07/13 06:00 PHST- 2009/11/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/03/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/03/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/07/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/07/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/07/31 06:00 [medline] AID - S0735-1097(10)01736-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.039 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jul 13;56(3):218-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.039. PMID- 20609337 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101014 LR - 20250529 IS - 1873-2585 (Electronic) IS - 1047-2797 (Print) IS - 1047-2797 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 8 DP - 2010 Aug TI - Does chocolate intake during pregnancy reduce the risks of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension? PG - 584-91 LID - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.05.010 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Chocolate consumption is associated with favorable levels of blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease risk markers. We analyzed a prospective cohort study to determine whether regular chocolate intake during pregnancy is associated with reduced risks of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GH). METHODS: Subjects were recruited from 13 prenatal care practices in Connecticut (1988-1991). In-person interviews were administered at <16 weeks' gestation to ascertain risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hospital delivery and prenatal records were abstracted to classify preeclampsia (n = 58), GH (n = 158), and normotensive pregnancies (n = 2351). Chocolate consumption (servings/week) during the first and third trimesters was ascertained at initial interview and immediately postpartum, respectively. Consumers of less than 1 serving/week comprised the referent group. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated by the use of logistic regression. RESULTS: Chocolate intake was more frequent among normotensive (80.7%) than preeclamptic (62.5%) or GH women (75.8%), and associated with reduced odds of preeclampsia (first trimester: aOR, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.32-0.95; third trimester: aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32-0.97). Only first trimester intake was associated with reduced odds of GH (aOR,0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide additional evidence of the benefits of chocolate. Prospective studies are needed to confirm and delineate protective effects of chocolate intake on risk of preeclampsia. CI - 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Saftlas, Audrey F AU - Saftlas AF AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, USA. FAU - Triche, Elizabeth W AU - Triche EW FAU - Beydoun, Hind AU - Beydoun H FAU - Bracken, Michael B AU - Bracken MB LA - eng GR - HD32579/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HD032579/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - DA05484/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA005484/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AI041040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI41040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PL - United States TA - Ann Epidemiol JT - Annals of epidemiology JID - 9100013 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Cacao MH - Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic MH - Connecticut/epidemiology MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Trimester, First MH - Pregnancy Trimester, Third MH - Prospective Studies MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC2901253 MID - NIHMS209659 EDAT- 2010/07/09 06:00 MHDA- 2010/10/15 06:00 PMCR- 2011/08/01 CRDT- 2010/07/09 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/05/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/05/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/07/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/07/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/10/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2011/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1047-2797(10)00121-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.05.010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Epidemiol. 2010 Aug;20(8):584-91. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.05.010. PMID- 20584271 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100923 LR - 20220408 IS - 1741-7015 (Electronic) IS - 1741-7015 (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2010 Jun 28 TI - Does chocolate reduce blood pressure? A meta-analysis. PG - 39 LID - 10.1186/1741-7015-8-39 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Dark chocolate and flavanol-rich cocoa products have attracted interest as an alternative treatment option for hypertension, a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous meta-analyses concluded that cocoa-rich foods may reduce blood pressure. Recently, several additional trials have been conducted with conflicting results. Our study summarises current evidence on the effect of flavanol-rich cocoa products on blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive individuals. METHODS: We searched Medline, Cochrane and international trial registries between 1955 and 2009 for randomised controlled trials investigating the effect of cocoa as food or drink compared with placebo on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) for a minimum duration of 2 weeks. We conducted random effects meta-analysis of all studies fitting the inclusion criteria, as well as subgroup analysis by baseline blood pressure (hypertensive/normotensive). Meta-regression analysis explored the association between type of treatment, dosage, duration or baseline blood pressure and blood pressure outcome. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Fifteen trial arms of 13 assessed studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled meta-analysis of all trials revealed a significant blood pressure-reducing effect of cocoa-chocolate compared with control (mean BP change +/- SE: SBP: -3.2 +/- 1.9 mmHg, P = 0.001; DBP: -2.0 +/- 1.3 mmHg, P = 0.003). However, subgroup meta-analysis was significant only for the hypertensive or prehypertensive subgroups (SBP: -5.0 +/- 3.0 mmHg; P = 0.0009; DBP: -2.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg, P = 0.01), while BP was not significantly reduced in the normotensive subgroups (SBP: -1.6 +/- 2.3 mmHg, P = 0.17; DBP: -1.3 +/- 1.6 mmHg, P = 0.12). Nine trials used chocolate containing 50% to 70% cocoa compared with white chocolate or other cocoa-free controls, while six trials compared high- with low-flavanol cocoa products. Daily flavanol dosages ranged from 30 mg to 1000 mg in the active treatment groups, and interventions ran for 2 to 18 weeks. Meta-regression analysis found study design and type of control to be borderline significant but possibly indirect predictors for blood pressure outcome. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that dark chocolate is superior to placebo in reducing systolic hypertension or diastolic prehypertension. Flavanol-rich chocolate did not significantly reduce mean blood pressure below 140 mmHg systolic or 80 mmHg diastolic. FAU - Ried, Karin AU - Ried K AD - Discipline of General Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. karin.ried@adelaide.edu.au FAU - Sullivan, Thomas AU - Sullivan T FAU - Fakler, Peter AU - Fakler P FAU - Frank, Oliver R AU - Frank OR FAU - Stocks, Nigel P AU - Stocks NP LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100628 PL - England TA - BMC Med JT - BMC medicine JID - 101190723 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Diet MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic PMC - PMC2908554 EDAT- 2010/06/30 06:00 MHDA- 2010/09/24 06:00 PMCR- 2010/06/28 CRDT- 2010/06/30 06:00 PHST- 2010/06/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/06/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/06/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/09/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2010/06/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1741-7015-8-39 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1741-7015-8-39 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Med. 2010 Jun 28;8:39. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-39. PMID- 20581223 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101221 LR - 20211020 IS - 1530-6860 (Electronic) IS - 0892-6638 (Print) IS - 0892-6638 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 11 DP - 2010 Nov TI - Inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels by gallotannins as a possible molecular basis for health benefits of red wine and green tea. PG - 4178-86 LID - 10.1096/fj.10-160648 [doi] AB - TMEM16A was found recently to be a calcium-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC). CaCCs perform important functions in cell physiology, including regulation of epithelial secretion, cardiac and neuronal excitability, and smooth muscle contraction. CaCC modulators are of potential utility for treatment of hypertension, diarrhea, and cystic fibrosis. Screening of drug and natural product collections identified tannic acid as an inhibitor of TMEM16A, with IC(50) approximately 6 muM and approximately 100% inhibition at higher concentrations. Tannic acid inhibited CaCCs in multiple cell types but did not affect CFTR Cl(-) channels. Structure-activity analysis indicated the requirement of gallic or digallic acid substituents on a macromolecular scaffold (gallotannins), as are present in green tea and red wine. Other polyphenolic components of teas and wines, including epicatechin, catechin, and malvidin-3-glucoside, poorly inhibited CaCCs. Remarkably, a 1000-fold dilution of red wine and 100-fold dilution of green tea inhibited CaCCs by >50%. Tannic acid, red wine, and green tea inhibited arterial smooth muscle contraction and intestinal Cl(-) secretion. Gallotannins are thus potent CaCC inhibitors whose biological activity provides a potential molecular basis for the cardioprotective and antisecretory benefits of red wine and green tea. FAU - Namkung, Wan AU - Namkung W AD - Department of Medicine , University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, USA. FAU - Thiagarajah, Jay R AU - Thiagarajah JR FAU - Phuan, Puay-Wah AU - Phuan PW FAU - Verkman, A S AU - Verkman AS LA - eng GR - HL73856/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY013574/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - DK86125/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EB000415/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DK035124/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - DK72517/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - EY13574/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - DK35124/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL073856/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 DK072517/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - RC1 DK086125/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - EB00415/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 DK035124/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 EB000415/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100625 PL - United States TA - FASEB J JT - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology JID - 8804484 RN - 0 (ANO1 protein, human) RN - 0 (Anoctamin-1) RN - 0 (Chloride Channels) RN - 0 (Hydrolyzable Tannins) RN - 0 (Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (Neoplasm Proteins) RN - 0 (Tannins) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anoctamin-1 MH - Cell Line MH - Chloride Channels/*antagonists & inhibitors MH - Humans MH - Hydrolyzable Tannins/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Inhibitory Concentration 50 MH - Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors MH - Molecular Structure MH - Muscle Contraction/drug effects MH - Muscle, Smooth/drug effects MH - Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors MH - Rats MH - Structure-Activity Relationship MH - Tannins/pharmacology MH - Tea/chemistry MH - *Wine PMC - PMC2974422 EDAT- 2010/06/29 06:00 MHDA- 2010/12/22 06:00 PMCR- 2011/11/01 CRDT- 2010/06/29 06:00 PHST- 2010/06/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/12/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2011/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - fj.10-160648 [pii] AID - 10-160648 [pii] AID - 10.1096/fj.10-160648 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - FASEB J. 2010 Nov;24(11):4178-86. doi: 10.1096/fj.10-160648. Epub 2010 Jun 25. PMID- 20579545 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100720 LR - 20250529 IS - 1558-3597 (Electronic) IS - 0735-1097 (Print) IS - 0735-1097 (Linking) VI - 55 IP - 25 DP - 2010 Jun 22 TI - Effects of (-)-epicatechin on myocardial infarct size and left ventricular remodeling after permanent coronary occlusion. PG - 2869-76 LID - 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.055 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: We examined the effects of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin on short- and long-term infarct size and left ventricular (LV) structure and function after permanent coronary occlusion (PCO) and the potential involvement of the protective protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. BACKGROUND: (-)-epicatechin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients and limits infarct size in animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, nothing is known about its effects on infarction after PCO. METHODS: (-)-epicatechin (1 mg/kg daily) treatment was administered via oral gavage to 250 g male rats for 10 days before PCO and was continued afterward. The PCO controls received water. Sham animals underwent thoracotomy and treatment in the absence of PCO. Immunoblots assessed AKT/ERK involvement 2 h after PCO. The LV morphometric features and function were measured 48 h and 3 weeks after PCO. RESULTS: In the 48-h group, treatment reduced infarct size by 52%. There were no differences in hemodynamics among the different groups (heart rate and aortic and LV pressures). Western blots revealed no differences in AKT or ERK phosphorylation levels. At 3 weeks, PCO control animals demonstrated significant increases in LV end-diastolic pressure, heart and body weight, and LV chamber diameter versus sham. The PCO plus (-)-epicatechin group values were comparable with those of the sham plus (-)-epicatechin group. Treatment resulted in a 33% decrease in myocardial infarction size. The LV pressure-volume curves demonstrated a right shift in control PCO animals, whereas the (-)-epicatechin curves were comparable with those of the sham group. The LV scar area strains were significantly improved with (-)-epicatechin. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the unique capacity of (-)-epicatechin to confer cardioprotection in the setting of a severe form of myocardial ischemic injury. Protection is sustained over time and preserves LV structure and function. The cardioprotective mechanism(s) of (-)-epicatechin seem to be unrelated to AKT or ERK activation. (-)-epicatechin warrants further investigation as a cardioprotectant. CI - Copyright (c) 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Yamazaki, Katrina Go AU - Yamazaki KG AD - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. FAU - Taub, Pam R AU - Taub PR FAU - Barraza-Hidalgo, Maraliz AU - Barraza-Hidalgo M FAU - Rivas, Maria M AU - Rivas MM FAU - Zambon, Alexander C AU - Zambon AC FAU - Ceballos, Guillermo AU - Ceballos G FAU - Villarreal, Francisco J AU - Villarreal FJ LA - eng GR - R21 AT004277/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - T32-HL007444/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 HL007444/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL043617/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - AT-004277/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - HL-43617/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Cardiol JT - Journal of the American College of Cardiology JID - 8301365 RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Administration, Oral MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animals MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Coronary Circulation MH - Coronary Occlusion/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/mortality MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Hemodynamics/*physiology MH - Male MH - Myocardial Infarction/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology/*prevention & control MH - Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control MH - Probability MH - Radiography MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Reference Values MH - Survival Rate MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Ventricular Remodeling/*drug effects/physiology PMC - PMC2915587 MID - NIHMS219032 EDAT- 2010/06/29 06:00 MHDA- 2010/07/21 06:00 PMCR- 2011/06/22 CRDT- 2010/06/29 06:00 PHST- 2009/09/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/01/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/01/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/06/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/07/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2011/06/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0735-1097(10)01443-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.055 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun 22;55(25):2869-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.055. PMID- 20544068 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100715 LR - 20100614 IS - 1533-7294 (Electronic) IS - 0094-3509 (Linking) VI - 59 IP - 6 DP - 2010 Jun TI - Clinical inquiries. Does chocolate have cardiovascular benefits? PG - 351-2 FAU - Milliron, Tara AU - Milliron T AD - Valley Family Medicine, Residency, Renton, WA, USA. FAU - Kelsberg, Gary AU - Kelsberg G FAU - St Anna, Leilani AU - St Anna L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Fam Pract JT - The Journal of family practice JID - 7502590 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Candy MH - Coronary Disease/*mortality MH - *Diet MH - Flavonoids MH - Humans MH - Meta-Analysis as Topic MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic RF - 7 EDAT- 2010/06/15 06:00 MHDA- 2010/07/16 06:00 CRDT- 2010/06/15 06:00 PHST- 2010/06/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/07/16 06:00 [medline] AID - jfp_5906j [pii] PST - ppublish SO - J Fam Pract. 2010 Jun;59(6):351-2. PMID- 20521986 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100827 LR - 20171116 IS - 1557-7600 (Electronic) IS - 1096-620X (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 3 DP - 2010 Jun TI - Effect of a soluble cocoa fiber-enriched diet in Zucker fatty rats. PG - 621-8 LID - 10.1089/jmf.2009.0127 [doi] AB - The effects of a soluble cocoa fiber (SCF) were studied in Zucker fatty rats. Two groups of Zucker fatty rats were fed the following diets: standard diet and 5% SCF-enriched diet. A group of Zucker lean rats fed the standard diet was used for results comparison with obese Zucker animals. Solid and liquid intakes, body weight, plasma glucose, lipid profile, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were recorded weekly. At the end of the experimental period insulin was determined, and fat apparent digestibility (FAD) and insulin resistance were calculated. The Zucker fatty rats fed 5% SCF-enriched diet showed less weight gain and food intake than those fed the standard diet. The group fed the fiber-enriched diet showed lower values of the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglyceride levels than the standard group. FAD was also lower in the fiber group. Both SBP and DBP were decreased. In addition, SCF reduced plasma glucose and insulin, and as a consequence the insulin resistance was also decreased. Our data demonstrate that SCF resulted in an improvement of the studied risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders. FAU - Sanchez, David AU - Sanchez D AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculta de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Moulay, Leila AU - Moulay L FAU - Muguerza, Begona AU - Muguerza B FAU - Quinones, Mar AU - Quinones M FAU - Miguel, Marta AU - Miguel M FAU - Aleixandre, Amaya AU - Aleixandre A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Med Food JT - Journal of medicinal food JID - 9812512 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Glucose MH - Blood Pressure MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - Dietary Fiber/*administration & dosage MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Obesity/blood/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats MH - Rats, Zucker MH - Weight Gain EDAT- 2010/06/05 06:00 MHDA- 2010/08/28 06:00 CRDT- 2010/06/05 06:00 PHST- 2010/06/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/08/28 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1089/jmf.2009.0127 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Med Food. 2010 Jun;13(3):621-8. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0127. PMID- 23199061 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20121204 LR - 20211021 IS - 1878-5077 (Print) IS - 1878-5085 (Electronic) IS - 1878-5077 (Linking) VI - 1 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Jun TI - Targeted preventive measures and advanced approaches in personalised treatment of glaucoma neuropathy. PG - 229-35 LID - 10.1007/s13167-010-0018-1 [doi] AB - Glaucoma is a major cause of vision loss worldwide with nearly 8 million people bilaterally blind from the disease. This number is estimated to increase over the next 10 years. The key to preventing blindness from glaucoma is effective diagnosis and treatment. The classical glaucoma treatment focuses on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Better knowledge of the pathogenesis has opened up additional therapeutical approaches often called non-IOP lowering treatment. Whilst most of these new avenues of treatment are still in the experimental phase, others are already used by some physicians. These new therapeutic approaches allow a more personalised patient treatment. Non-IOP lowering treatment includes improvements of ocular blood flow, particularly blood flow regulation. This can be achieved by improving the regulation of ocular blood flow (improving autoregulation) by drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, magnesium or calcium channel blockers. It can also be improved by decreasing blood pressure over-dips. Blood pressure can be increased by an increase in salt intake or in rare cases by treatment with fludrocortisone. Experimentally, glaucomatous optic neuropathy can be prevented by inhibition of astrocyte activation, either by blockage of epidermal growth factor receptor or by counteracting Endothelin. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy can also be prevented by nitric oxide-2 synthase inhibition. Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibits apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and tissue remodelling. Upregulation of heat shock proteins protects the retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. Reduction of oxidative stress especially at the level of mitochondria also seems to be protective. This can be achieved by gingko, dark chocolate, polyphenolic flavonoids occurring in tea, coffee or red wine and anthocyanosides found in bilberries as well as by ubiquinone and melatonin. This review describes the individual mechanisms which may be targeted by non-IOP lowering treatment based on our pathogenic scheme. FAU - Mozaffarieh, Maneli AU - Mozaffarieh M AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. FAU - Fraenkl, Stefan AU - Fraenkl S FAU - Konieczka, Katarzyna AU - Konieczka K FAU - Flammer, Josef AU - Flammer J LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20100610 PL - Switzerland TA - EPMA J JT - The EPMA journal JID - 101517307 PMC - PMC3405319 EDAT- 2010/06/01 00:00 MHDA- 2010/06/01 00:01 PMCR- 2010/06/10 CRDT- 2012/12/04 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/05/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/12/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/06/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/06/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2010/06/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 18 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s13167-010-0018-1 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - EPMA J. 2010 Jun;1(2):229-35. doi: 10.1007/s13167-010-0018-1. Epub 2010 Jun 10. PMID- 20494650 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100920 LR - 20131121 IS - 1096-0384 (Electronic) IS - 0003-9861 (Linking) VI - 501 IP - 1 DP - 2010 Sep 1 TI - Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: what about cocoa and chocolate? PG - 112-5 LID - 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.020 [doi] AB - Cocoa flavonoids are able to reduce cardiovascular risk by improving endothelial function and decreasing blood pressure (BP). Interest in the biological activities of cocoa is daily increasing. A recent meta-analysis shows flavanol-rich cocoa administration decreases mean systolic (-4.5mm Hg; p<0.001) and diastolic (-2.5mm Hg; p<0.001) BP. A 3-mm Hg systolic BP reduction has been estimated to decrease the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. This paper summarizes new findings concerning cocoa effects on cardiovascular health focusing on putative mechanisms of action and nutritional and "pharmacological" viewpoints. Cocoa consumption could play a pivotal role in human health. CI - 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy. davide.grassi@cc.univaq.it FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20100601 PL - United States TA - Arch Biochem Biophys JT - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics JID - 0372430 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - EC 3.4.15.1 (Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Functional Food/analysis MH - Humans MH - Nitric Oxide/physiology MH - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology MH - Phenols/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Polyphenols MH - Risk Factors RF - 46 EDAT- 2010/05/25 06:00 MHDA- 2010/09/21 06:00 CRDT- 2010/05/25 06:00 PHST- 2010/02/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/05/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/05/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/05/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/05/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/09/21 06:00 [medline] AID - S0003-9861(10)00187-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.020 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Sep 1;501(1):112-5. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.020. Epub 2010 Jun 1. PMID- 20480037 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141013 LR - 20231103 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 4 DP - 2010 Apr 13 TI - Flavanols and anthocyanins in cardiovascular health: a review of current evidence. PG - 1679-703 LID - 10.3390/ijms11041679 [doi] AB - Nowadays it is accepted that natural flavonoids present in fruits and plant-derived-foods are relevant, not only for technological reasons and organoleptic properties, but also because of their potential health-promoting effects, as suggested by the available experimental and epidemiological evidence. The beneficial biological effects of these food bioactives may be driven by two of their characteristic properties: their affinity for proteins and their antioxidant activity. Over the last 15 years, numerous publications have demonstrated that besides their in vitro antioxidant capacity, certain phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, catechins, proanthocyanidins, and other non coloured flavonoids, may regulate different signaling pathways involved in cell survival, growth and differentiation. In this review we will update the knowledge on the cardiovascular effects of anthocyanins, catechins and proanthocyanidins, as implied by the in vitro and clinical studies on these compounds. We also review the available information on the structure, distribution and bioavailability of flavanols (monomeric catechins and proanthocyanidins) and anthocyanins, data necessary in order to understand their role in reducing risk factors and preventing cardiovascular health problems through different aspects of their bioefficacy on vascular parameters (platelet agregation, atherosclerosis, blood pressure, antioxidant status, inflammation-related markers, etc.), myocardial conditions, and whole-body metabolism (serum biochemistry, lipid profile), highlighting the need for better-designed clinical studies to improve the current knowledge on the potential health benefits of these flavonoids to cardiovascular and metabolic health. FAU - de Pascual-Teresa, Sonia AU - de Pascual-Teresa S AD - Department of Metabolism & Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. soniapt@if.csic.es FAU - Moreno, Diego A AU - Moreno DA FAU - Garcia-Viguera, Cristina AU - Garcia-Viguera C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20100413 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Anthocyanins) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Anthocyanins/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Flavonoids/*chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Fruit/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Plants/chemistry/metabolism MH - Platelet Aggregation/drug effects PMC - PMC2871133 OTO - NOTNLM OT - anthocyanin OT - cardiovascular OT - catechin OT - flavonoids OT - proanthocyanindins EDAT- 2010/05/19 06:00 MHDA- 2010/05/19 06:01 PMCR- 2010/01/01 CRDT- 2010/05/19 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/03/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/04/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/05/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/05/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/05/19 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2010/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms11041679 [pii] AID - ijms-11-01679 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms11041679 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Apr 13;11(4):1679-703. doi: 10.3390/ijms11041679. PMID- 20432242 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100827 LR - 20131121 IS - 1097-4644 (Electronic) IS - 0730-2312 (Linking) VI - 110 IP - 2 DP - 2010 May 15 TI - Effects of catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate on testosterone production in rat leydig cells. PG - 333-42 LID - 10.1002/jcb.22541 [doi] AB - Catechins have been reported to have many pharmacological properties such as the effects of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-ultraviolet, and reduction of blood pressure as well as glucose and cholesterol levels. However, the effect of catechins on the reproductive mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, the effects of catechins on testosterone secretion in rat testicular Leydig cells (LCs) were explored. Both in vivo and in vitro investigations were performed. Purified LCs were incubated with or without catechin (CCN), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 10(-10)-10(-8) M) under challenge with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 0.01 IU/ml), forskolin, SQ22536 (an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), 8-bromo-adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), A23187 (a calcium ionophore), and nifedipine (10(-5) M), respectively. To study the effects of catechins on steroidogenesis, steroidogenic precursors-stimulated testosterone release was examined. The functions of the steroidogenic enzymes including protein expression of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein were investigated and expressed by Western blotting. Catechins increased plasma testosterone in vivo in male rats. In vitro, low-dose concentration of catechins increased gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release by anterior pituitary gland and hCG-stimulated testosterone release by LCs of male rats. These results suggested that catechins stimulated testosterone production by acting on rat LCs via the mechanism of increasing the action of cAMP, but not P450scc, StAR protein or the activity of intracellular calcium. EC, one of the catechins increased the testosterone secretion by rat LCs via the enzyme activities of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD). CI - (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. FAU - Yu, Po-Ling AU - Yu PL AD - Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. FAU - Pu, Hsiao-Fung AU - Pu HF FAU - Chen, Sung-Yun AU - Chen SY FAU - Wang, Shyi-Wu AU - Wang SW FAU - Wang, Paulus S AU - Wang PS LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Cell Biochem JT - Journal of cellular biochemistry JID - 8205768 RN - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blotting, Western MH - Catechin/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology MH - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MH - Leydig Cells/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Male MH - Radioimmunoassay MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Testosterone/*biosynthesis EDAT- 2010/05/01 06:00 MHDA- 2010/08/28 06:00 CRDT- 2010/05/01 06:00 PHST- 2010/05/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/05/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/08/28 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/jcb.22541 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cell Biochem. 2010 May 15;110(2):333-42. doi: 10.1002/jcb.22541. PMID- 20409950 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20121002 LR - 20211020 IS - 1933-1711 (Print) IS - 1878-7436 (Electronic) IS - 1878-7436 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Mar-Apr TI - Flavanols, the Kuna, cocoa consumption, and nitric oxide. PG - 105-12 LID - 10.1016/j.jash.2008.11.001 [doi] AB - The Kuna Indians, who reside in an archipelago on the Caribbean Coast of Panama, have very low blood pressure (BP) levels, live longer than other Panamanians, and have a reduced frequency of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer-at least on their death certificates. One outstanding feature of their diet includes a very high intake of flavanol-rich cocoa. Flavonoids in cocoa activate nitric oxide synthesis in healthy humans. The possibility that the high flavanol intake protects the Kuna against high BP, ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer is sufficiently intriguing and sufficiently important that large, randomized controlled clinical trials should be pursued. FAU - Hollenberg, Norman K AU - Hollenberg NK AD - Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. FAU - Fisher, Naomi D L AU - Fisher ND FAU - McCullough, Marjorie L AU - McCullough ML LA - eng GR - R01 HL089570/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20090220 PL - United States TA - J Am Soc Hypertens JT - Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH JID - 101312518 PMC - PMC3835452 MID - NIHMS525697 COIS- Conflict of Interest: None EDAT- 2010/04/23 06:00 MHDA- 2010/04/23 06:01 PMCR- 2013/11/20 CRDT- 2010/04/23 06:00 PHST- 2008/09/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/10/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2008/11/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/04/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/04/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/23 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2013/11/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1933-1711(08)00216-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jash.2008.11.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Soc Hypertens. 2009 Mar-Apr;3(2):105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.11.001. Epub 2009 Feb 20. PMID- 20386755 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100527 LR - 20220311 IS - 1916-7075 (Electronic) IS - 0828-282X (Linking) VI - 26 Suppl A DP - 2010 Mar TI - Antiatherogenic properties of flavonoids: implications for cardiovascular health. PG - 17A-21A AB - Epidemiological studies suggest that higher flavonoid intake from fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms explaining this observation remain unclear, but current evidence suggests that flavonoids may exert their effects through the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. The present review summarizes data suggesting that flavonoids improve endothelial function. inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation, decrease blood pressure and improve dyslipidemia. A large number of studies have reported the impact of consuming flavonoid-rich foods on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy volunteers or at-risk individuals. Most studies have focused on cocoa, soy, and green and black tea. Recent evidence suggests that some polyphenols in their purified form, including resveratrol, berberine and naringenin, have beneficial effects on dyslipidemia in humans and/or animal models. In a mouse model of cardiovascular disease, naringenin treatment, through correction of dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and obesity, attenuated atherosclerosis. Therefore, the beneficial effects of flavonoids on multiple risk factors may explain, in part, the observed beneficial effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular disease. FAU - Mulvihill, Erin E AU - Mulvihill EE AD - Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. FAU - Huff, Murray W AU - Huff MW LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - England TA - Can J Cardiol JT - The Canadian journal of cardiology JID - 8510280 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Diet MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Flavonoids/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Lipid Metabolism/*drug effects MH - Risk Factors RF - 55 EDAT- 2010/04/23 06:00 MHDA- 2010/05/28 06:00 CRDT- 2010/04/14 06:00 PHST- 2010/04/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/04/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/05/28 06:00 [medline] AID - S0828-282X(10)71056-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0828-282x(10)71056-4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Can J Cardiol. 2010 Mar;26 Suppl A:17A-21A. doi: 10.1016/s0828-282x(10)71056-4. PMID- 20404213 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100615 LR - 20160726 IS - 1524-4563 (Electronic) IS - 0194-911X (Linking) VI - 55 IP - 6 DP - 2010 Jun TI - Does dark chocolate have a role in the prevention and management of hypertension?: commentary on the evidence. PG - 1289-95 LID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.151522 [doi] AB - The notion that eating chocolate would prevent or treat hypertension is appealing to many who produce and enjoy chocolate. Several studies have documented beneficial effects of dark chocolate on insulin action and endothelial function. However, the published studies on chocolate and blood pressure include a relatively small number of subjects, and results are conflicting. In addition, because of secrecy surrounding the production of chocolate and the unique sociocultural context of this popular food, research on efficacy and effectiveness is complex. This commentary summarizes 13 peer-reviewed studies on dark chocolate and blood pressure and raises questions relevant to its future as an evidence-based lifestyle intervention. FAU - Egan, Brent M AU - Egan BM AD - Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. eganbm@musc.edu FAU - Laken, Marilyn A AU - Laken MA FAU - Donovan, Jennifer L AU - Donovan JL FAU - Woolson, Robert F AU - Woolson RF LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20100419 PL - United States TA - Hypertension JT - Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) JID - 7906255 SB - IM EIN - Hypertension. 2010 Oct;56(4):e47 MH - Blood Pressure Determination/methods MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control/therapy MH - Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/epidemiology/*prevention & control/therapy MH - Incidence MH - Life Style MH - Male MH - Primary Prevention/*methods MH - Prognosis MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Treatment Outcome RF - 55 EDAT- 2010/04/21 06:00 MHDA- 2010/06/16 06:00 CRDT- 2010/04/21 06:00 PHST- 2010/04/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/04/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/06/16 06:00 [medline] AID - HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.151522 [pii] AID - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.151522 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hypertension. 2010 Jun;55(6):1289-95. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.151522. Epub 2010 Apr 19. PMID- 20354055 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110110 LR - 20220318 IS - 1522-9645 (Electronic) IS - 0195-668X (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 13 DP - 2010 Jul TI - Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adults. PG - 1616-23 LID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq068 [doi] AB - AIMS: To investigate the association of chocolate consumption with measured blood pressure (BP) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Dietary intake, including chocolate, and BP were assessed at baseline (1994-98) in 19 357 participants (aged 35-65 years) free of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke and not using antihypertensive medication of the Potsdam arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Incident cases of MI (n = 166) and stroke (n = 136) were identified after a mean follow-up of approximately 8 years. Mean systolic BP was 1.0 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.6 to -0.4 mmHg] and mean diastolic BP 0.9 mmHg (95% CI -1.3 to -0.5 mmHg) lower in the top quartile compared with the bottom quartile of chocolate consumption. The relative risk of the combined outcome of MI and stroke for top vs. bottom quartiles was 0.61 (95% CI 0.44-0.87; P linear trend = 0.014). Baseline BP explained 12% of this lower risk (95% CI 3-36%). The inverse association was stronger for stroke than for MI. CONCLUSION: Chocolate consumption appears to lower CVD risk, in part through reducing BP. The inverse association may be stronger for stroke than for MI. Further research is needed, in particular randomized trials. FAU - Buijsse, Brian AU - Buijsse B AD - Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrucke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany. brian.buijsse@dife.de FAU - Weikert, Cornelia AU - Weikert C FAU - Drogan, Dagmar AU - Drogan D FAU - Bergmann, Manuela AU - Bergmann M FAU - Boeing, Heiner AU - Boeing H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100330 PL - England TA - Eur Heart J JT - European heart journal JID - 8006263 SB - IM CIN - Eur Heart J. 2010 Jul;31(13):1554-6. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq114. PMID: 20462977 MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Diet/statistics & numerical data MH - Female MH - Germany/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Myocardial Infarction/*epidemiology/physiopathology MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Stroke/*epidemiology/physiopathology MH - Surveys and Questionnaires EDAT- 2010/04/01 06:00 MHDA- 2011/01/11 06:00 CRDT- 2010/04/01 06:00 PHST- 2010/04/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/04/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/01/11 06:00 [medline] AID - ehq068 [pii] AID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq068 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur Heart J. 2010 Jul;31(13):1616-23. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq068. Epub 2010 Mar 30. PMID- 20336842 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100409 LR - 20100302 IS - 1042-1882 (Print) IS - 1042-1882 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 12 DP - 2010 Feb TI - I have been reading lately that chocolate has some health benefits. Is that true? PG - 8 LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Johns Hopkins Med Lett Health After 50 JT - The Johns Hopkins medical letter health after 50 JID - 9802902 RN - 0 (Flavonols) MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Health Education/methods MH - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged EDAT- 2010/03/27 06:00 MHDA- 2010/04/10 06:00 CRDT- 2010/03/27 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/03/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/10 06:00 [medline] PST - ppublish SO - Johns Hopkins Med Lett Health After 50. 2010 Feb;21(12):8. PMID- 20230058 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100726 LR - 20131121 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 8 DP - 2010 Apr 28 TI - The metabolic benefits of Polygonum hypoleucum Ohwi in HepG2 cells and Wistar rats under lipogenic stress. PG - 5174-80 LID - 10.1021/jf100046h [doi] AB - Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is one approach used for treating metabolic syndrome. Using partially purified ACC to screen herbs commonly used in Taiwanese folk medicine, we previously showed that an ethanol extract of Polygonum hypoleucum Ohwi (EP) had potent ACC inhibitory activity and partially alleviated metabolic disorders induced by a high fat diet. Since ACC plays a crucial role in de novo lipogenesis, the favorable effects of EP on metabolism were tested under lipogenic conditions in the present study. On incubating high glucose (30 mM)-stimulated HepG2 cells with EP (72.5 or 145 microg/mL), ACC and fatty acid synthase activity, triacylglycerol content, and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein mRNA levels were all significantly reduced (P < 0.05, vs vehicle). When EP was given at low, medium, and high dosages (94, 188, and 470 mg/kg) to sucrose water-treated Wistar rats for four weeks, alleviation of symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension, accompanied by hepatic ACC inactivation, was seen in the low dosage group. Four compounds (emodin, emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin) isolated from EP were identified as ACC inhibitors. These results confirm that P. hypoleucum Ohwi, acting partly through ACC inhibition, has favorable effects in alleviating metabolic disturbances occurring under lipogenic conditions. FAU - Chao, Pei-Min AU - Chao PM AD - Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. pmchao@mail.cmu.edu.tw FAU - Kuo, Yueh-Hsiung AU - Kuo YH FAU - Lin, Yu-Shun AU - Lin YS FAU - Chen, Chi-Hua AU - Chen CH FAU - Chen, Shiow-Wen AU - Chen SW FAU - Kuo, Yao-Haur AU - Kuo YH LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 0 (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) RN - EC 2.3.1.85 (Fatty Acid Synthases) RN - EC 6.4.1.2 (Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase) SB - IM MH - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Carrier Proteins/genetics MH - Cell Line MH - Fatty Acid Synthases/metabolism MH - Humans MH - *Lipid Metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology MH - Polygonum/*chemistry MH - RNA, Messenger/genetics MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Triglycerides/metabolism EDAT- 2010/03/17 06:00 MHDA- 2010/07/27 06:00 CRDT- 2010/03/17 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/03/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/07/27 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/jf100046h [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 28;58(8):5174-80. doi: 10.1021/jf100046h. PMID- 20224869 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100805 LR - 20220311 IS - 1432-2013 (Electronic) IS - 0031-6768 (Linking) VI - 459 IP - 6 DP - 2010 May TI - Nutritional improvement of the endothelial control of vascular tone by polyphenols: role of NO and EDHF. PG - 853-62 LID - 10.1007/s00424-010-0806-4 [doi] AB - Numerous studies indicate that regular intake of polyphenol-rich beverages (red wine and tea) and foods (chocolate, fruit, and vegetables) is associated with a protective effect on the cardiovascular system in humans and animals. Beyond the well-known antioxidant properties of polyphenols, several other mechanisms have been shown to contribute to their beneficial cardiovascular effects. Indeed, both experimental and clinical studies indicate that polyphenols improve the ability of endothelial cells to control vascular tone. Experiments with isolated arteries have shown that polyphenols cause nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations and increase the endothelial formation of NO. The polyphenol-induced NO formation is due to the redox-sensitive activation of the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase/Akt pathway leading to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation subsequent to its phosphorylation on Ser 1177. Besides the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase/Akt pathway, polyphenols have also been shown to activate eNOS by increasing the intracellular free calcium concentration and by activating estrogen receptors in endothelial cells. In addition to causing a rapid and sustained activation of eNOS by phosphorylation, polyphenols can increase the expression level of eNOS in endothelial cells leading to an increased formation of NO. Moreover, the polyphenol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation also involves endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, besides NO, in several types of arteries. Altogether, polyphenols have the capacity to improve the endothelial control of vascular tone not only in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension but also in healthy and diseased humans. Thus, these experimental and clinical studies highlight the potential of polyphenol-rich sources to provide vascular protection in health and disease. FAU - Schini-Kerth, Valerie B AU - Schini-Kerth VB AD - UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France. valerie.schini-kerth@unistra.fr FAU - Auger, Cyril AU - Auger C FAU - Kim, Jong-Hun AU - Kim JH FAU - Etienne-Selloum, Nelly AU - Etienne-Selloum N FAU - Chataigneau, Thierry AU - Chataigneau T LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20100312 PL - Germany TA - Pflugers Arch JT - Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology JID - 0154720 RN - 0 (Biological Factors) RN - 0 (Caveolin 1) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen) RN - 0 (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - EC 2.7.1.- (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Arteries/physiology MH - Biological Factors/*physiology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Caveolin 1/physiology MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/*physiology MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Nitric Oxide/*physiology MH - Phenols/*pharmacology MH - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism MH - Polyphenols MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism MH - Receptors, Estrogen/physiology MH - Vasodilation/drug effects RF - 113 EDAT- 2010/03/13 06:00 MHDA- 2010/08/06 06:00 CRDT- 2010/03/13 06:00 PHST- 2009/12/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/02/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/02/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2010/03/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/03/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/08/06 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/s00424-010-0806-4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pflugers Arch. 2010 May;459(6):853-62. doi: 10.1007/s00424-010-0806-4. Epub 2010 Mar 12. PMID- 20203627 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100820 LR - 20110630 IS - 1941-7225 (Electronic) IS - 0895-7061 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 6 DP - 2010 Jun TI - Low vs. higher-dose dark chocolate and blood pressure in cardiovascular high-risk patients. PG - 694-700 LID - 10.1038/ajh.2010.29 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Dark chocolate may have blood pressure-lowering properties. We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded end-point design trial to study a potential dose dependency of the presumed antihypertensive effect of dark chocolate by directly comparing low vs. higher doses of dark chocolate over the course of 3 months. METHODS: We enrolled a total of 102 patients with prehypertension/stage 1 hypertension and established cardiovascular end-organ damage or diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 6 or 25 g/day of flavanol-rich dark chocolate for 3 months. The difference in 24-h mean blood pressure between groups was defined as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Significant reductions in mean ambulatory 24-h blood pressure were observed between baseline and follow-up in both groups (6 g/day: -2.3 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval -4.1 to -0.4; 25 g/day: -1.9 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval -3.6 to -0.2). There were no significant differences in blood pressure changes between groups. In the higher-dose group, a slight increase in body weight was noted (0.8 kg, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 1.6). CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dark chocolate may be associated with a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, due to the lack of a control group, confounding may be possible and the results should be interpreted with caution. FAU - Desch, Steffen AU - Desch S AD - Department of Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany. stdesch@web.de FAU - Kobler, Daniela AU - Kobler D FAU - Schmidt, Johanna AU - Schmidt J FAU - Sonnabend, Melanie AU - Sonnabend M FAU - Adams, Volker AU - Adams V FAU - Sareban, Mahdi AU - Sareban M FAU - Eitel, Ingo AU - Eitel I FAU - Bluher, Matthias AU - Bluher M FAU - Schuler, Gerhard AU - Schuler G FAU - Thiele, Holger AU - Thiele H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20100304 PL - United States TA - Am J Hypertens JT - American journal of hypertension JID - 8803676 SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory MH - *Cacao MH - Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology MH - Diabetes Complications/physiopathology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/complications/*drug therapy MH - Male MH - Risk EDAT- 2010/03/06 06:00 MHDA- 2010/08/21 06:00 CRDT- 2010/03/06 06:00 PHST- 2010/03/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/03/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/08/21 06:00 [medline] AID - ajh201029 [pii] AID - 10.1038/ajh.2010.29 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Hypertens. 2010 Jun;23(6):694-700. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2010.29. Epub 2010 Mar 4. PMID- 20136615 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100504 LR - 20161125 IS - 1744-8344 (Electronic) IS - 1477-9072 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Feb TI - New insights on fetal ductal constriction: role of maternal ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods. PG - 291-8 LID - 10.1586/erc.09.174 [doi] AB - Fetal ductus arteriosus constriction is a clinical disorder that occurs as a result of inhibition of the prostaglandin synthesis pathway, and has long been associated to maternal intake of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in late pregnancy. As a consequence of an increased right ventricular pressure, with tricuspid regurgitation and heart failure, there is a risk for the development of neonatal pulmonary artery hypertension. This article reviews the basic knowledge of the mechanisms involved in this important disorder. Clinical and experimental evidence that maternal consumption of polyphenol-rich substances, such as herbal teas, orange and grape juice, chocolate, and others, may interfere with fetal ductus arteriosus dynamics are discussed. Preventive measures to avoid fetal ductal constriction in the third trimester of pregnancy are discussed, including the possible need to change maternal dietary orientation, aiming to limit ingestion of foods with high concentrations of polyphenol-rich substances. FAU - Zielinsky, Paulo AU - Zielinsky P AD - Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Av. Princesa Isabel 395, Porto Alegre 90620-001, Brazil. zielinsky@cardiol.br FAU - Piccoli, Antonio Luiz Jr AU - Piccoli AL Jr FAU - Manica, Joao Luiz Langer AU - Manica JL FAU - Nicoloso, Luiz Henrique Soares AU - Nicoloso LH LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther JT - Expert review of cardiovascular therapy JID - 101182328 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*adverse effects MH - Antioxidants/adverse effects MH - Constriction, Pathologic/chemically induced/diagnostic imaging/pathology MH - Diet/*adverse effects MH - Ductus Arteriosus/*drug effects/embryology/pathology MH - Echocardiography MH - Female MH - Fetal Diseases/*chemically induced/diagnostic imaging/pathology/prevention & control MH - Flavonoids/*adverse effects MH - Food Analysis MH - Humans MH - Phenols/*adverse effects MH - Polyphenols MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Trimester, Third MH - *Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MH - Ultrasonography, Prenatal MH - Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging/etiology/pathology RF - 53 EDAT- 2010/02/09 06:00 MHDA- 2010/05/05 06:00 CRDT- 2010/02/09 06:00 PHST- 2010/02/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/02/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/05/05 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1586/erc.09.174 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Feb;8(2):291-8. doi: 10.1586/erc.09.174. PMID- 20127878 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110104 LR - 20131121 IS - 1099-1573 (Electronic) IS - 0951-418X (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 10 DP - 2010 Oct TI - Concentration-dependent effect of (-) epicatechin in hypertensive patients. PG - 1433-6 LID - 10.1002/ptr.3119 [doi] AB - Non-vitamin polyphenolic compounds are ubiquitous in food plants and therefore potentially present in human plasma in a diet-dependent concentration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration-dependent effect of (-) epicatechin, a polyphenol present in green tea with antioxidant activity, on various biomarkers of oxidative stress. The current study examined the in vitro concentration-dependent (10(-4) M to 10(-7) M) effects of (-) epicatechin on biomarkers of oxidative stress viz. malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), membrane sulfhydryl (-SH) group and protein carbonyl content in hypertensive patients and normal ones. This effect seems to be due to ability of (-) epicatechin to reduce MDA and protein carbonyl content while increase in GSH and membrane -SH group in hypertensive patients. It can be concluded that (-) epicatechin exerts an antioxidant action inside the cell, responsible for the observed modulation of cellular response to oxidative challenges. CI - Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. FAU - Kumar, Navneet AU - Kumar N AD - Doon PG Paramedical College & Hospital, Dehradun UK, India. FAU - Kant, Ruchi AU - Kant R FAU - Maurya, Pawan Kumar AU - Maurya PK LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Phytother Res JT - Phytotherapy research : PTR JID - 8904486 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/*pharmacology MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Catechin/*pharmacology MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Erythrocytes/drug effects MH - Glutathione/blood/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*blood MH - Malondialdehyde/blood/metabolism MH - Middle Aged MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - Protein Carbonylation EDAT- 2010/02/04 06:00 MHDA- 2011/01/05 06:00 CRDT- 2010/02/04 06:00 PHST- 2010/02/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/02/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/01/05 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/ptr.3119 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytother Res. 2010 Oct;24(10):1433-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3119. PMID- 20090776 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101208 LR - 20261010 IS - 1476-5527 (Electronic) IS - 0950-9240 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 9 DP - 2010 Sep TI - Dose-related effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on blood pressure. PG - 568-76 LID - 10.1038/jhh.2009.105 [doi] AB - Consumption of flavanol-containing cocoa products has been shown to lower blood pressure (BP), but the minimum dose required to reduce BP is not known. This study aimed to examine the effect of three different doses of cocoa flavanols (CF) on 24-h mean arterial BP. Twenty four hour ambulatory BP (24-ABP) monitoring was performed in 32 men and 20 postmenopausal women with untreated mild hypertension (seated clinic BP >130/85 and <160/100 mm Hg). Participants were randomized and instructed to consume daily a reconstituted cocoa beverage containing 33, 372, 712 or 1052 mg day(-1) of CF for 6 weeks in a double-blind, parallel comparison. Seated clinic BP and 24-h ABP were measured at 0, 3 and 6 weeks. Seated clinic BP did not change during the study period. There were significant reductions in 24-h systolic (5.3+/-5.1 mm Hg; P=0.001), diastolic (3+/-3.2 mm Hg; P=0.002) and mean arterial BP (3.8+/-3.2 mm Hg; P=0.0004) at the 1052 mg day(-1) CF only. No reduction in BP was seen at any other dose. No evidence of dose-response was seen in this experiment. The highest dose of 1052 mg CF per day was found to significantly lower BP. These results support previous evidence for CF to lower BP, however more research is needed to establish the most effective dose and food matrix. FAU - Davison, K AU - Davison K AD - Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia. kade.davison@scu.edu.au FAU - Berry, N M AU - Berry NM FAU - Misan, G AU - Misan G FAU - Coates, A M AU - Coates AM FAU - Buckley, J D AU - Buckley JD FAU - Howe, P R C AU - Howe PR LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100121 PL - England TA - J Hum Hypertens JT - Journal of human hypertension JID - 8811625 RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory MH - *Cacao MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/diet therapy/*drug therapy MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/administration & dosage EDAT- 2010/01/22 06:00 MHDA- 2010/12/14 06:00 CRDT- 2010/01/22 06:00 PHST- 2010/01/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/01/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/12/14 06:00 [medline] AID - jhh2009105 [pii] AID - 10.1038/jhh.2009.105 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Hum Hypertens. 2010 Sep;24(9):568-76. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2009.105. Epub 2010 Jan 21. PMID- 20083360 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20101020 LR - 20131121 IS - 1532-2777 (Electronic) IS - 0306-9877 (Linking) VI - 75 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Aug TI - Practical prevention of cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation with full-spectrum antioxidant therapy and ancillary strategies. PG - 141-7 LID - 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.025 [doi] AB - A wealth of research data points to increased oxidative stress as a key driver of the cardiac remodeling triggered by chronic pressure overload, loss of functional myocardial tissue, or atrial fibrillation. Oxidative stress is a mediator of the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, the cardiac fibrosis, and the deficits in cardiac function which typify this syndrome, and may play a role in initiating and sustaining atrial fibrillation. Nox2- and Nox4-dependent NADPH oxidase activity appears to be a major source of this oxidative stress, and oxidants can induce conformational changes in xanthine dehydrogenase, nitric oxide synthase, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain which increase their capacity to generate superoxide as well. Consistent with these insights, various synthetic antioxidants have been shown to suppress cardiac remodeling in rodents subjected to myocardial infarction, aortic constriction, or rapid atrial pacing. It may prove feasible to achieve comparable benefits in humans through use of a "full-spectrum antioxidant therapy" (FSAT) that features a complementary array of natural antioxidants. Spirulina is a rich source of phycocyanobilin, a derivative and homolog of biliverdin that appears to mimic the potent inhibitory impact of biliverdin and free bilirubin on NADPH oxidase activity. Mega-doses of folate can markedly increase intracellular levels of tetrahydrofolates which have potent and versatile radical-scavenging activities - including efficient quenching of peroxynitrite-derived radicals Supplemental coenzyme Q10, already shown to improve heart function in clinical congestive failure, can provide important antioxidant protection to mitochondria. Phase 2 inducer nutraceuticals such as lipoic acid, administered in conjunction with N-acetylcysteine, have the potential to blunt the impact of oxidative stress by boosting myocardial levels of glutathione. While taurine can function as an antioxidant for myeloperoxidase-derived radicals, its positive inotropic effect on the failing heart seems more likely to reflect an effect on intracellular calcium dynamics. These measures could aid control of cardiac modeling less directly by lowering elevated blood pressure, or by aiding the perfusion of ischemic cardiac regions through an improvement in coronary endothelial function. Since nitric oxide functions physiologically to oppose cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, and is also a key regulator of blood pressure and endothelial function, cocoa flavanols - which provoke endothelial release of nitric oxide - might usefully complement the antioxidant measures recommended here. CI - Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - McCarty, Mark F AU - McCarty MF AD - NutriGuard Research, 1051 Hermes Ave., Encinitas, CA 92024, USA. mccarty@pantox.com LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20100118 PL - United States TA - Med Hypotheses JT - Medical hypotheses JID - 7505668 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - 14691-52-2 (Peroxynitrous Acid) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (NOS3 protein, human) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III) RN - WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine) SB - IM MH - Acetylcysteine/metabolism MH - Antioxidants/metabolism/*therapeutic use MH - Apoptosis MH - Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology MH - Fibrosis/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology MH - Heart Failure/drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology MH - Humans MH - Mitochondria MH - Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology MH - Myocardium/*pathology MH - Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Peroxynitrous Acid/metabolism MH - Superoxides/metabolism EDAT- 2010/01/20 06:00 MHDA- 2010/10/21 06:00 CRDT- 2010/01/20 06:00 PHST- 2009/12/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2009/12/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/01/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/01/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/10/21 06:00 [medline] AID - S0306-9877(09)00837-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.025 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Med Hypotheses. 2010 Aug;75(2):141-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.025. Epub 2010 Jan 18. PMID- 20082737 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100602 LR - 20100517 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 103 IP - 10 DP - 2010 May TI - Impact of cocoa flavanol consumption on blood pressure responsiveness to exercise. PG - 1480-4 LID - 10.1017/S0007114509993382 [doi] AB - Impaired endothelial vasodilatation may contribute to the exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise in individuals who are overweight/obese. The present study investigated whether consumption of cocoa flavanols, which improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), can modify BP responsiveness to exercise. Twenty-one volunteers (eight females and thirteen males, 54.9 (se 2.2) years, BMI 31.6 (se 0.8) kg/m2, systolic BP 134 (se 2) mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) 87 (se 2) mmHg) were randomised to consume single servings of either a high-flavanol (HF, 701 mg) or a low-flavanol (LF, 22 mg) cocoa beverage in a double-blind, cross-over design with 3-7-d washout between treatments. Two hours after cocoa consumption, FMD was measured, followed by continuous beat-to-beat assessment (Finapres) of BP before and during 10 min of cycling at 75 % of age-predicted maximum heart rate. Averaged data from two assessments on each type of beverage were compared by analysis of covariance using pre-exercise BP as the covariate. Pre-exercise BP was similar after taking LF and HF (153 (se 3)/88 (se 3) v. 153 (se 4)/87 (se 2) mmHg, respectively, P>0.05). However, the BP response to exercise (area under BP curve) was attenuated by HF compared with LF. BP increases were 68 % lower for DBP (P = 0.03) and 14 % lower for mean BP (P = 0.05). FMD measurements were higher after taking HF than after taking LF (6.1 (se 0.6) % v. 3.4 (se 0.5) %, P < 0.001). By facilitating vasodilation and attenuating exercise-induced increases in BP, cocoa flavanols may decrease cardiovascular risk and enhance the cardiovascular benefits of moderate intensity exercise in at-risk individuals. FAU - Berry, Narelle M AU - Berry NM AD - School of Health Sciences, Nutritional Physiology Research Centre and ATN Centre for Metabolic Fitness, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. narelle.berry@unisa.edu.au FAU - Davison, Kade AU - Davison K FAU - Coates, Alison M AU - Coates AM FAU - Buckley, Jonathan D AU - Buckley JD FAU - Howe, Peter R C AU - Howe PR LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100119 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Beverages MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects/*physiology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Exercise/*physiology MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Overweight EDAT- 2010/01/20 06:00 MHDA- 2010/06/03 06:00 CRDT- 2010/01/20 06:00 PHST- 2010/01/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/01/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/06/03 06:00 [medline] AID - S0007114509993382 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114509993382 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2010 May;103(10):1480-4. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509993382. Epub 2010 Jan 19. PMID- 20050664 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100419 LR - 20171116 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 3 DP - 2010 Feb 10 TI - Changes in arterial blood pressure of a soluble cocoa fiber product in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PG - 1493-501 LID - 10.1021/jf902080b [doi] AB - The effect produced by long-term intake of a soluble cocoa fiber product (SCFP) on the development of hypertension of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was evaluated. Twenty male 3-week-old SHR were divided into two groups of 10 animals that drank either tap water (control) or a solution of SCFP (0.75 g/day SCFP) until the 20th week of life. Five 20-week-old rats of each group were sacrificed. Tap water as drinking fluid was given to all the animals from the 20th to 24th week of life. The 24-week-old rats were also sacrificed. Body weight, liquid and dry food intake, and arterial blood pressure (tail cuff) were recorded weekly. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the plasma from the sacrificed rats were also obtained, and we evaluated the relaxation caused by acetylcholine in the aorta from these animals. SCFP attenuated the development of hypertension in SHR; however, the withdrawal of SCFP caused an increase in blood pressure in the rats. Body weight gain was slower in the group treated with SCFP. SCFP increased liquid intake but decreased dry food intake in the rats. SCFP decreased plasma MDA concentrations and slightly decreased plasma ACE activity, but no differences were observed in plasma glucose and in the aorta responses to acetylcholine in both groups of 20-week-old SHR. We have demonstrated the antihypertensive and antioxidant properties of SCFP. The control of body weight and the control of increased angiotensin II may be involved in the antihypertensive effect of this product. FAU - Sanchez, D AU - Sanchez D AD - Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Quinones, M AU - Quinones M FAU - Moulay, L AU - Moulay L FAU - Muguerza, B AU - Muguerza B FAU - Miguel, M AU - Miguel M FAU - Aleixandre, A AU - Aleixandre A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*administration & dosage MH - Aorta/*drug effects/physiopathology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Dietary Fiber/*administration & dosage MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy/physiopathology MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Male MH - Random Allocation MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR EDAT- 2010/01/07 06:00 MHDA- 2010/04/20 06:00 CRDT- 2010/01/07 06:00 PHST- 2010/01/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/01/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/20 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/jf902080b [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Feb 10;58(3):1493-501. doi: 10.1021/jf902080b. PMID- 20003590 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100401 LR - 20220317 IS - 1475-2700 (Electronic) IS - 0954-4224 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Dec TI - Functional foods for dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular risk prevention. PG - 244-61 LID - 10.1017/S0954422409990187 [doi] AB - A food can be regarded as 'functional' if it can demonstrate a beneficial efficacy on one or more target functions in the body in a convincing way. Beyond adequate nutritional qualities, functional foods should either improve the state of health and wellbeing and/or reduce the risk of disease. Functional foods that are marketed with claims of heart disease reduction focus primarily on the major risk factors, i.e. cholesterol, diabetes and hypertension. Some of the most innovative products are designed to be enriched with 'protective' ingredients, believed to reduce risk. They may contain, for example, soluble fibre (from oat and psyllium), useful both for lowering cholesterol and blood pressure, or fructans, effective in diabetes. Phytosterols and stanols lower LDL-cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. Soya protein is more hypocholesterolaemic in subjects with very high initial cholesterol and recent data indicate also favourable activities in the metabolic syndrome. n-3 Fatty acids appear to exert significant hypotriacylglycerolaemic effects, possibly partly responsible for their preventive activity. Dark chocolate is gaining much attention for its multifunctional activities, useful both for the prevention of dyslipidaemia as well as hypertension. Finally, consensus opinions about tea and coffee have not emerged yet, and the benefits of vitamin E, garlic, fenugreek and policosanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of arterial disease are still controversial. FAU - Sirtori, Cesare R AU - Sirtori CR AD - Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano, Italy. cesare.sirtori@unimi.it FAU - Galli, Claudio AU - Galli C FAU - Anderson, James W AU - Anderson JW FAU - Sirtori, Elena AU - Sirtori E FAU - Arnoldi, Anna AU - Arnoldi A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Nutr Res Rev JT - Nutrition research reviews JID - 9113797 RN - 0 (Fatty Acids) RN - 0 (Hypolipidemic Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 1406-18-4 (Vitamin E) SB - IM MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/diet therapy MH - *Diet MH - Dyslipidemias/complications/*diet therapy MH - Fatty Acids/therapeutic use MH - *Functional Food MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/diet therapy MH - Hypolipidemic Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Magnoliopsida MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use MH - Risk Factors MH - Vitamin E/therapeutic use RF - 250 EDAT- 2009/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2010/04/02 06:00 CRDT- 2009/12/17 06:00 PHST- 2009/12/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/02 06:00 [medline] AID - S0954422409990187 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0954422409990187 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Res Rev. 2009 Dec;22(2):244-61. doi: 10.1017/S0954422409990187. PMID- 19953767 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100126 LR - 20131121 IS - 0029-6570 (Print) IS - 0029-6570 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 9 DP - 2009 Nov 4-10 TI - Health aspects of caffeine: benefits and risks. PG - 41-8; quiz 50 AB - This article examines the benefits and risks associated with caffeinated foods and drinks, taking an evidence-based approach to identify appropriate daily caffeine limits. Suggestions are provided on how to structure dietary advice for different patient groups including children, individuals with hypertension, renal patients, athletes and older adults. FAU - Ruxton, C AU - Ruxton C AD - carrie@nutrition-communications.com LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Nurs Stand JT - Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) JID - 9012906 RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) MH - Adult MH - Beverages MH - Cacao MH - *Caffeine/adverse effects/pharmacology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Child MH - Female MH - *Health Promotion MH - Humans MH - Mental Health MH - Nutrition Policy MH - Physical Endurance/drug effects MH - Pregnancy EDAT- 2009/12/04 06:00 MHDA- 2010/01/27 06:00 CRDT- 2009/12/04 06:00 PHST- 2009/12/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/12/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/01/27 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.7748/ns2009.11.24.9.41.c7371 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nurs Stand. 2009 Nov 4-10;24(9):41-8; quiz 50. doi: 10.7748/ns2009.11.24.9.41.c7371. PMID- 19910929 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100323 LR - 20250623 IS - 1941-7225 (Electronic) IS - 0895-7061 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 1 DP - 2010 Jan TI - Effect of cocoa products on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis. PG - 97-103 LID - 10.1038/ajh.2009.213 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cocoa products such as dark chocolate and cocoa beverages may have blood pressure (BP)-lowering properties due to their high content of plant-derived flavanols. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the antihypertensive effects of flavanol-rich cocoa products. The primary outcome measure was the change in systolic and diastolic BP between intervention and control groups. RESULTS: In total, 10 randomized controlled trials comprising 297 individuals were included in the analysis. The populations studied were either healthy normotensive adults or patients with prehypertension/stage 1 hypertension. Treatment duration ranged from 2 to 18 weeks. The mean BP change in the active treatment arms across all trials was -4.5 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI), -5.9 to -3.2, P < 0.001) for systolic BP and -2.5 mm Hg (95% CI, -3.9 to -1.2, P < 0.001) for diastolic BP. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis confirms the BP-lowering capacity of flavanol-rich cocoa products in a larger set of trials than previously reported. However, significant statistical heterogeneity across studies could be found, and questions such as the most appropriate dose and the long-term side effect profile warrant further investigation before cocoa products can be recommended as a treatment option in hypertension. FAU - Desch, Steffen AU - Desch S AD - Department of Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany. stdesch@web.de FAU - Schmidt, Johanna AU - Schmidt J FAU - Kobler, Daniela AU - Kobler D FAU - Sonnabend, Melanie AU - Sonnabend M FAU - Eitel, Ingo AU - Eitel I FAU - Sareban, Mahdi AU - Sareban M FAU - Rahimi, Kazem AU - Rahimi K FAU - Schuler, Gerhard AU - Schuler G FAU - Thiele, Holger AU - Thiele H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20091112 PL - United States TA - Am J Hypertens JT - American journal of hypertension JID - 8803676 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao/chemistry MH - Diastole MH - *Diet MH - Flavonoids/analysis MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*physiopathology MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Systole RF - 27 EDAT- 2009/11/17 06:00 MHDA- 2010/03/24 06:00 CRDT- 2009/11/14 06:00 PHST- 2009/11/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/11/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/03/24 06:00 [medline] AID - ajh2009213 [pii] AID - 10.1038/ajh.2009.213 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Hypertens. 2010 Jan;23(1):97-103. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2009.213. Epub 2009 Nov 12. PMID- 19841245 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20091208 LR - 20220408 IS - 0884-5336 (Print) IS - 0884-5336 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 5 DP - 2009 Oct-Nov TI - The metabolic syndrome: definition, global impact, and pathophysiology. PG - 560-77 LID - 10.1177/0884533609342436 [doi] AB - The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic derangements that are associated with primary disturbances in adipose tissue. Abnormal visceral fat accumulates from physical inactivity and excess calories in genetically susceptible individuals. This increased adipocyte mass acts as an endocrine organ and communicates with other organ systems via increases in inflammatory cytokines. The resulting disorders define MS as increased waist circumference, decreased serum high-density lipoprotein, and increased serum triglyceride levels, hypertension, and insulin resistance. MS accounts for the majority of cardiovascular disease risk in the U.S. population. Dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been shown to improve these metabolic derangements. Many substances found in these diets are being investigated as specific therapies for MS, and when scientific substantiation is lacking, they may be considered as part of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). However, as scientific evidence accumulates, these CAM treatments may become part of conventional medicine. This review will scrutinize the emerging evidence behind many, though not all, CAM treatments currently thought to target the various derangements found in MS. FAU - Potenza, Matthew V AU - Potenza MV AD - Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. doctor.potenza@gmail.com FAU - Mechanick, Jeffrey I AU - Mechanick JI LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Nutr Clin Pract JT - Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition JID - 8606733 RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) RN - 0 (Soybean Proteins) RN - 0 (Stilbenes) RN - 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium) RN - 8001-26-1 (Linseed Oil) RN - I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) RN - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cacao MH - Chromium MH - Cinnamomum zeylanicum MH - Complementary Therapies/*methods MH - Diet/*methods MH - Dietary Fiber MH - Fatty Acids, Omega-3 MH - Fishes MH - Humans MH - Linseed Oil MH - Magnesium MH - Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis/*diet therapy/physiopathology MH - Resveratrol MH - Risk Factors MH - Soybean Proteins MH - Stilbenes MH - Wine RF - 188 EDAT- 2009/10/21 06:00 MHDA- 2009/12/16 06:00 CRDT- 2009/10/21 06:00 PHST- 2009/10/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/10/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/12/16 06:00 [medline] AID - 24/5/560 [pii] AID - 10.1177/0884533609342436 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Clin Pract. 2009 Oct-Nov;24(5):560-77. doi: 10.1177/0884533609342436. PMID- 19825207 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100401 LR - 20220410 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 103 IP - 6 DP - 2010 Mar TI - The effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjects. PG - 842-50 LID - 10.1017/S0007114509992431 [doi] AB - Numerous studies indicate that polyphenol-rich chocolate reduces fasting blood glucose, blood pressure (BP) and total cholesterol in healthy individuals and hypertensives with or without glucose intolerance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two doses of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate (DC) on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol and BP and to examine whether improvements in these parameters are associated with changes in adrenocorticoid excretion in overweight and obese individuals. The study used a randomised, single-blind, cross-over design where fourteen overweight and obese subjects were randomised to either take 20 g DC with 500 mg polyphenols then 20 g DC with 1000 mg polyphenols or vice-versa. Participants followed each diet for 2 weeks separated by a 1-week washout period. It was observed that the 500 mg polyphenol dose was equally effective in reducing fasting blood glucose levels, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) as the 1000 mg polyphenol dose suggesting that a saturation effect might occur with increasing dose of polyphenols. There was also a trend towards a reduction in urinary free cortisone levels with both groups although it did not reach statistical significance. No changes in anthropometrical measurements were seen. We suggest that more research is required to investigate the mechanism(s) by which polyphenol-rich foods influence health. FAU - Almoosawi, Suzana AU - Almoosawi S AD - Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh EH21 6UU, UK. FAU - Fyfe, Lorna AU - Fyfe L FAU - Ho, Clement AU - Ho C FAU - Al-Dujaili, Emad AU - Al-Dujaili E LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20091013 PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Glucocorticoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Glucose/*analysis MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Capillaries MH - Cholesterol/*blood MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/analysis MH - Glucocorticoids/*blood MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity/physiopathology MH - Overweight/*physiopathology MH - Phenols/*administration & dosage/analysis MH - Polyphenols EDAT- 2009/10/15 06:00 MHDA- 2010/04/02 06:00 CRDT- 2009/10/15 06:00 PHST- 2009/10/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/10/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/02 06:00 [medline] AID - S0007114509992431 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114509992431 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2010 Mar;103(6):842-50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509992431. Epub 2009 Oct 13. PMID- 19776136 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100106 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 90 IP - 5 DP - 2009 Nov TI - Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. PG - 1144-50 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27716 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have suggested that flavonoid intake plays a critical role in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Because atherosclerosis is considered a low-grade inflammatory disease, some feeding trials have analyzed the effects of cocoa (an important source of flavonoids) on inflammatory biomarkers, but the results have been controversial. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the effects of chronic cocoa consumption on cellular and serum biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in high-risk patients. DESIGN: Forty-two high-risk volunteers (19 men and 23 women; mean +/- SD age: 69.7 +/- 11.5 y) were included in a randomized crossover feeding trial. All subjects received 40 g cocoa powder with 500 mL skim milk/d (C+M) or only 500 mL skim milk/d (M) for 4 wk. Before and after each intervention period, cellular and serum inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis were evaluated. RESULTS: Adherence to the dietary protocol was excellent. No significant changes in the expression of adhesion molecules on T lymphocyte surfaces were found between the C+M and M groups. However, in monocytes, the expression of VLA-4, CD40, and CD36 was significantly lower (P = 0.005, 0.028, and 0.001, respectively) after C+M intake than after M intake. In addition, serum concentrations of the soluble endothelium-derived adhesion molecules P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly lower (both P = 0.007) after C+M intake than after M intake. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the intake of cocoa polyphenols may modulate inflammatory mediators in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. These antiinflammatory effects may contribute to the overall benefits of cocoa consumption against atherosclerosis. This trial was registered in the Current Controlled Trials at London, International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number, at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN75176807. FAU - Monagas, Maria AU - Monagas M AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Khan, Nasiruddin AU - Khan N FAU - Andres-Lacueva, Cristina AU - Andres-Lacueva C FAU - Casas, Rosa AU - Casas R FAU - Urpi-Sarda, Mireia AU - Urpi-Sarda M FAU - Llorach, Rafael AU - Llorach R FAU - Lamuela-Raventos, Rosa Maria AU - Lamuela-Raventos RM FAU - Estruch, Ramon AU - Estruch R LA - eng SI - ISRCTN/ISRCTN75176807 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20090923 PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Weight MH - Cacao/*metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Coronary Disease/genetics MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Immunophenotyping MH - Inflammation/complications/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Monocytes/immunology MH - Obesity/physiopathology MH - Patient Selection MH - Risk Factors MH - Smoking/adverse effects MH - T-Lymphocytes/immunology EDAT- 2009/09/25 06:00 MHDA- 2010/01/07 06:00 CRDT- 2009/09/25 06:00 PHST- 2009/09/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/09/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/01/07 06:00 [medline] AID - S0002-9165(23)26641-1 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27716 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov;90(5):1144-50. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27716. Epub 2009 Sep 23. PMID- 19583878 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090819 LR - 20221207 IS - 1472-6882 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6882 (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2009 Jul 8 TI - Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trial. PG - 22 LID - 10.1186/1472-6882-9-22 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Flavanol-rich chocolate and lycopene-rich tomato extract have attracted interest as potential alternative treatment options for hypertension, a known risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Treatment of prehypertension (SBP 120-139/DBP 80-89 mmHg) may forestall progression to hypertension. However, there has been only limited research into non-pharmacological treatment options for prehypertension. We investigated the effect of dark chocolate or tomato extract on blood pressure, and their acceptability as an ongoing treatment option in a prehypertensive population. METHODS: Our trial consisted of two phases: a randomised controlled three-group-parallel trial over 12 weeks (phase 1) followed by a crossover of the two active treatment arms over an additional 12-week period (phase 2). Group 1 received a 50 g daily dose of dark chocolate with 70% cocoa containing 750 mg polyphenols, group 2 were allocated one tomato extract capsule containing 15 mg lycopene per day, and group 3 received one placebo capsule daily over 8 weeks followed by a 4-week washout period. In phase 2 the active treatment groups were crossed over to receive the alternative treatment. Median blood pressure, weight, and abdominal circumference were measured 4-weekly, and other characteristics including physical activity, general health, energy, mood, and acceptability of treatment were assessed by questionnaire at 0, 8 and 20 weeks. We analysed changes over time using a linear mixed model, and one time point differences using Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher's-Exact, or t-tests. RESULTS: Thirty-six prehypertensive healthy adult volunteers completed the 6-month trial. Blood pressure changes over time within groups and between groups were not significant and independent of treatment. Weight and other characteristics did not change significantly during the trial. However, a marked difference in acceptability between the two treatment forms (chocolate or capsule) was revealed (p < 0.0001). Half of the participants allocated to the chocolate treatment found it hard to eat 50 g of dark chocolate every day and 20% considered it an unacceptable long-term treatment option, whereas all participants found it easy and acceptable to take a capsule each day for blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Our study did not find a blood pressure lowering effect of dark chocolate or tomato extract in a prehypertensive population. Practicability of chocolate as a long-term treatment option may be limited. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12609000047291. FAU - Ried, Karin AU - Ried K AD - Discipline of General Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. karin.ried@adelaide.edu.au FAU - Frank, Oliver R AU - Frank OR FAU - Stocks, Nigel P AU - Stocks NP LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20090708 PL - England TA - BMC Complement Altern Med JT - BMC complementary and alternative medicine JID - 101088661 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 36-88-4 (Carotenoids) RN - SB0N2N0WV6 (Lycopene) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use MH - *Cacao MH - Carotenoids/therapeutic use MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Flavonoids/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control MH - Lycopene MH - *Solanum lycopersicum MH - Middle Aged MH - Patient Acceptance of Health Care MH - Phenols/therapeutic use MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use MH - Plant Preparations/*therapeutic use MH - Polyphenols PMC - PMC2712451 EDAT- 2009/07/09 09:00 MHDA- 2009/08/20 09:00 PMCR- 2009/07/08 CRDT- 2009/07/09 09:00 PHST- 2009/01/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2009/07/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/07/09 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/07/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/08/20 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2009/07/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1472-6882-9-22 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1472-6882-9-22 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009 Jul 8;9:22. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-22. PMID- 19577379 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100415 LR - 20100201 IS - 1532-2777 (Electronic) IS - 0306-9877 (Linking) VI - 74 IP - 2 DP - 2010 Feb TI - Potential complementarity of high-flavanol cocoa powder and spirulina for health protection. PG - 370-3 LID - 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.060 [doi] AB - Recent studies show that ingestion of flavanol-rich cocoa powder provokes increased endothelial production of nitric oxide - an effect likely mediated by epicatchin - and thus may have considerable potential for promoting vascular health. The Kuna Indians of Panama, who regularly consume large amounts of flavanol-rich cocoa, are virtually free of hypertension and stroke, even though they salt their food. Of potentially complementary merit is the cyanobacterium spirulina, which has been used as a food in certain cultures. Spirulina is exceptionally rich in phycocyanobilin (PCB), which recently has been shown to act as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase; this effect likely rationalizes the broad range of anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anti-atherosclerotic effects which orally administered spirulina has achieved in rodent studies. In light of the central pathogenic role which NADPH oxidase-derived oxidant stress plays in a vast range of disorders, spirulina or PCB-enriched spirulina extracts may have remarkable potential for preserving and restoring health. Joint administration of flavanol-rich cocoa powder and spirulina may have particular merit, inasmuch as cocoa can mask the somewhat disagreeable flavor and odor of spirulina, whereas the antioxidant impact of spirulina could be expected to amplify the bioactivity of the nitric oxide evoked by cocoa flavanols in inflamed endothelium. Moreover, there is reason to suspect that, by optimizing cerebrovascular perfusion while quelling cerebral oxidant stress, cocoa powder and spirulina could collaborate in prevention of senile dementia. Thus, food products featuring ample amounts of both high-flavanol cocoa powder and spirulina may have considerable potential for health promotion, and merit evaluation in rodent studies and clinical trials. FAU - McCarty, Mark F AU - McCarty MF AD - Oasis of Hope Hospital, Tijuana, Mexico. mccarty@pantox.com FAU - Barroso-Aranda, Jorge AU - Barroso-Aranda J FAU - Contreras, Francisco AU - Contreras F LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20090703 PL - United States TA - Med Hypotheses JT - Medical hypotheses JID - 7505668 RN - 0 (Flavanones) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Dementia/*physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Flavanones/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Models, Biological MH - Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use MH - Spirulina/*chemistry EDAT- 2009/07/07 09:00 MHDA- 2010/04/16 06:00 CRDT- 2009/07/07 09:00 PHST- 2008/09/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/09/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2008/09/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/07/07 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/07/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/16 06:00 [medline] AID - S0306-9877(09)00385-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.060 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Med Hypotheses. 2010 Feb;74(2):370-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.060. Epub 2009 Jul 3. PMID- 19537788 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20091113 LR - 20131121 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 57 IP - 14 DP - 2009 Jul 22 TI - Antihypertensive effect of a polyphenol-rich cocoa powder industrially processed to preserve the original flavonoids of the cocoa beans. PG - 6156-62 LID - 10.1021/jf804045b [doi] AB - A natural flavonoid-enriched cocoa powder, commercially named CocoanOX and developed via a patented industrial process, was characterized and tested for a possible antihypertensive effect. The bioavailability of this polyphenol-rich cocoa powder developed at pilot scale was previously demonstrated in humans. The present results showed that this product was very rich in total procyanidins (128.9 mg/g), especially monomers, dimers, and trimers (54.1 mg/g), and mainly (-)-epicatechin (19.36 mg/g). The effect of a single oral administration of CocoanOX in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was evaluated at different doses (50, 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg). This product produced a clear antihypertensive effect in these animals, but these doses did not modify the arterial blood pressure in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Paradoxically, the maximum effect in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHR was caused by 300 mg/kg of CocoanOX. This dose brought about a decrease in this variable very similar to that caused by 50 mg/kg Captopril. It was also surprising that the maximum effect in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was caused by 100 mg/kg CocoanOX. The initial values of DBP and SBP were recovered in SHR, respectively, 24 and 48 h postadministration of the different doses of CocoanOX or Captopril. These results suggest that CocoanOX could be used as a functional ingredient with antihypertensive effect, although it would be also necessary to carry out bioavailability and clinical studies to demonstrate its long-term antihypertensive efficiency in humans. FAU - Cienfuegos-Jovellanos, Elena AU - Cienfuegos-Jovellanos E AD - Departamento Farmacologia, Facultad Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Quinones, Maria del Mar AU - Quinones Mdel M FAU - Muguerza, Begona AU - Muguerza B FAU - Moulay, Leila AU - Moulay L FAU - Miguel, Marta AU - Miguel M FAU - Aleixandre, Amaya AU - Aleixandre A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - OBD445WZ5P (Theobromine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*administration & dosage MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/analysis MH - Food Handling/*methods MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy MH - Male MH - Phenols/*administration & dosage/analysis MH - Polyphenols MH - Proanthocyanidins/analysis/isolation & purification MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Theobromine/analysis EDAT- 2009/06/23 09:00 MHDA- 2009/11/17 06:00 CRDT- 2009/06/23 09:00 PHST- 2009/06/23 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/06/23 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/11/17 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/jf804045b [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jul 22;57(14):6156-62. doi: 10.1021/jf804045b. PMID- 19466991 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100416 LR - 20211020 IS - 1476-5381 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1188 (Print) IS - 0007-1188 (Linking) VI - 157 IP - 6 DP - 2009 Jul TI - Comparison of inhibitors of superoxide generation in vascular smooth muscle cells. PG - 935-43 LID - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00259.x [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We compared the dose-dependent reductions in cellular superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) by catalytic agents: superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SOD and the nitroxide 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (tempol) with uncharacterized antioxidants: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrinate iron (III)(Fe-TTPS), (-)-cis-3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavane (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol (-epicatechin), 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one (ebselen) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) with the spin trap nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and with the vitamins or their analogues: ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylkroman-2-carboxy acid (trolox). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: O(2)(-) was generated in primary cultures of angiotensin II-stimulated preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats and detected by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. KEY RESULTS: SOD, PEG-SOD, NAC and tempol produced a similar maximum inhibition of O(2)(-) of 80-90%. -Epicatechin, NBT, ebselen and Fe-TTPS were significantly (P < 0.0125) less effective (50-70%), whereas trolox, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate had little action even over 24 h of incubation (<31%). Effectiveness in disrupted and intact cells was similar for the permeable agents, PEG-SOD and tempol, but was enhanced for SOD. Generation of O(2)(-) was increased by NAC and NBT at low concentrations but reduced at high concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Maximum effectiveness against cellular production of O(2)(-) requires cell membrane permeability and catalytic action as exemplified by PEG-SOD or tempol. NAC and NBT have biphasic effects on O(2)(-) production. Vitamins C and E or analogues have low efficacy. FAU - Luo, Z AU - Luo Z AD - Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA. FAU - Chen, Y AU - Chen Y FAU - Chen, S AU - Chen S FAU - Welch, W J AU - Welch WJ FAU - Andresen, B T AU - Andresen BT FAU - Jose, P A AU - Jose PA FAU - Wilcox, C S AU - Wilcox CS LA - eng GR - P01 HL068686/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DK049870/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 DK059274/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - DK-49870/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - R37 DK036079/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - DK-36079/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DK036079/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - HL-68686-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - DK-59274/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20090518 PL - England TA - Br J Pharmacol JT - British journal of pharmacology JID - 7502536 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides) RN - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Male MH - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism MH - Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects/*metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacology MH - Superoxides/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism PMC - PMC2737652 EDAT- 2009/05/27 09:00 MHDA- 2010/04/17 06:00 PMCR- 2010/07/01 CRDT- 2009/05/27 09:00 PHST- 2009/05/27 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/05/27 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/04/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2010/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - BPH259 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00259.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;157(6):935-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00259.x. Epub 2009 May 18. PMID- 19355949 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090616 LR - 20190728 IS - 1873-4286 (Electronic) IS - 1381-6128 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 10 DP - 2009 TI - Flavonoids, vascular function and cardiovascular protection. PG - 1072-84 AB - A large body of evidence supports that the dietary intake of polyphenols - particularly of flavonoids and the specific class of flavonoids named flavanols - might be able to exert some beneficial vascular effects and reduce the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The review of epidemiological and mechanistic studies supports the role of flavonoids, particularly cocoa and tea flavanols, in protecting the cardiovascular system against cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, flavonoids are an heterogeneous group of natural molecules differently represented in fruit and vegetables and definitive data on cardiovascular benefits are lacking. The weakness of the available data include few and very small studies, no crossover designed studies and a wide range of dose and type of flavonoids tested. Thus, although flavonoid-rich foods and beverages are likely to protect cardiovascular system, further research is needed to characterize the mechanism of action on flavanol-rich foods. Long-term clinical trials are also needed to definitively clarify the benefits deriving from long-term consumption of flavanol-rich foods, particularly focussing on the lowest effective levels as well as synergism or antagonistic actions between different classes of flavonoids commonly found in foods. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy. davide.grassi@cc.univaq.it FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Croce, Giuseppe AU - Croce G FAU - Tiberti, Sergio AU - Tiberti S FAU - Aggio, Annalisa AU - Aggio A FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United Arab Emirates TA - Curr Pharm Des JT - Current pharmaceutical design JID - 9602487 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM CIN - Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(10):1034-7. PMID: 19355945 MH - Animals MH - Atherosclerosis/pathology MH - Blood Platelets/physiology MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Blood Vessels/*physiology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - Flavonoids/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*physiology MH - Food Analysis MH - Humans RF - 123 EDAT- 2009/04/10 09:00 MHDA- 2009/06/17 09:00 CRDT- 2009/04/10 09:00 PHST- 2009/04/10 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/04/10 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/06/17 09:00 [medline] AID - 10.2174/138161209787846982 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(10):1072-84. doi: 10.2174/138161209787846982. PMID- 19308268 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20110714 LR - 20211020 IS - 0912-0009 (Print) IS - 1880-5086 (Electronic) IS - 0912-0009 (Linking) VI - 44 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Mar TI - Beneficial Effects of Cocoa in Perivascular Mato Cells of Cerebral Arterioles in SHR-SP (Izm) Rats. PG - 142-50 LID - 10.3164/jcbn.08-209 [doi] AB - As previously reported, the cerebral arterioles are surrounded by unique perivascular Mato cells. They contain many inclusion bodies rich in hydrolytic enzymes, and have strong uptake capacity. They are thus considered scavenger cells of vascular and neural tissues in steady-state. In this study, employing hypertensive SHR-SP (Izm) rats, the viability of Mato cells was investigated. In hypertensive rats, the capacity for uptake of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and the activity of acid phosphatase (ACPase) of Mato cells were markedly reduced, and on electron-microscopic examination Mato cells were found to include heterogeneous contents and appeared electron-dense and degenerated. Vascular cells exhibited some signs of pathology. However, in hypertensive rats fed chow containing 0.25% cocoa, the uptake capacity and ACPase activity of Mato cells for HRP were enhanced, and on electron-microscopic examination Mato cells appeared healthy, with mitochondria with nearly normal profiles. Signs of pathology in vascular cells were also decreased. Superoxides may impair Mato cells and vascular cells. FAU - Mato, Takashi AU - Mato T AD - Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8550, Japan. FAU - Kamei, Masanori AU - Kamei M FAU - Ito, Ryoichi AU - Ito R FAU - Sawano, Makoto AU - Sawano M FAU - Inokuchi, Koichi AU - Inokuchi K FAU - Nakata, Kazuyuki AU - Nakata K FAU - Yamaguchi, Atsushi AU - Yamaguchi A FAU - Kouki, Tom AU - Kouki T FAU - Mitsuhashi, Umehachi AU - Mitsuhashi U FAU - Mato, Masao AU - Mato M LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20090228 PL - Japan TA - J Clin Biochem Nutr JT - Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition JID - 8700907 PMC - PMC2654470 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Mato cell OT - SHR-SP (Izm) rat OT - cocoa OT - hypertension OT - superoxide EDAT- 2009/03/25 09:00 MHDA- 2009/03/25 09:01 PMCR- 2009/03/01 CRDT- 2009/03/25 09:00 PHST- 2008/08/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/10/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/03/25 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/03/25 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/03/25 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2009/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jcbn08-209 [pii] AID - 10.3164/jcbn.08-209 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2009 Mar;44(2):142-50. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.08-209. Epub 2009 Feb 28. PMID- 19289648 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090416 LR - 20220408 IS - 1524-4539 (Electronic) IS - 0009-7322 (Linking) VI - 119 IP - 10 DP - 2009 Mar 17 TI - Cocoa and cardiovascular health. PG - 1433-41 LID - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827022 [doi] AB - Epidemiological data demonstrate that regular dietary intake of plant-derived foods and beverages reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Among many ingredients, cocoa might be an important mediator. Indeed, recent research demonstrates a beneficial effect of cocoa on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and vascular and platelet function. Although still debated, a range of potential mechanisms through which cocoa might exert its benefits on cardiovascular health have been proposed, including activation of nitric oxide and antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. This review summarizes the available data on the cardiovascular effects of cocoa, outlines potential mechanisms involved in the response to cocoa, and highlights the potential clinical implications associated with its consumption. FAU - Corti, Roberto AU - Corti R AD - Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology, University Hospital, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. roberto.corti@usz.ch FAU - Flammer, Andreas J AU - Flammer AJ FAU - Hollenberg, Norman K AU - Hollenberg NK FAU - Luscher, Thomas F AU - Luscher TF LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - United States TA - Circulation JT - Circulation JID - 0147763 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - *Beverages/adverse effects MH - *Cacao/adverse effects/chemistry MH - Catechin/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Food Handling MH - Heart Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Hyperlipidemias/diet therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Hypertension/diet therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Indians, Central American MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Iowa/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Medicine, Traditional MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Overweight/etiology MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Platelet Aggregation/drug effects MH - Switzerland/epidemiology RF - 100 EDAT- 2009/03/18 09:00 MHDA- 2009/04/17 09:00 CRDT- 2009/03/18 09:00 PHST- 2009/03/18 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/03/18 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/04/17 09:00 [medline] AID - 119/10/1433 [pii] AID - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827022 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Circulation. 2009 Mar 17;119(10):1433-41. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827022. PMID- 19268563 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100318 LR - 20131121 IS - 1879-3649 (Electronic) IS - 1537-1891 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 1 DP - 2009 Jul TI - A potent and nitric oxide-dependent hypotensive effect induced in rats by semi-purified fractions from Maytenus ilicifolia. PG - 57-63 LID - 10.1016/j.vph.2009.02.005 [doi] AB - The aim of this study is to investigate whether extracts and semi-purified fractions obtained from Maytenus ilicifolia leaves have vascular effects in vivo.We tested the ethanolic supernatant of the infusion (ESI), and the ethanolic supernatant of the aqueous extract (ESAE) on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate(HR) of anesthetized rats. Intravenous injection of ESAE caused a dose-dependent effect at 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg, reducing MAP by as much as 52.6 +/- 5.5 mmHg. Only the highest dose of ESAE (30 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in HR during its hypotensive effect. The effect of ESAE was unchanged by atropine,propranolol, or bilateral vagotomy, but was significantly reduced (80%) in animals continuously infused with L-NAME. In addition, methylene blue and ODQ, as well as the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium,4-aminopyridine, and glibenclamide, impaired ESAE-induced hypotension. The ethyl acetate fraction(EAF) obtained from ESAE had a potency at least two times greater than ESAE in MAP, without causing any significant change in HR. The hypotension induced by EAF was circumvented by L-NAME, methylene blue andODQ, strongly reduced by tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine (but not by glibenclamide), and abolished by association of these three potassium channel blockers. Chemical investigation revealed that flavonols, mainly catechin and epicatechin, as well as flavonol glycosides (mono- to triglycosides), and tannins, are the main components of this fraction. Our results demonstrate that preparations obtained from M. ilicifolia present a potent hypotensive effect in vivo, an event predominantly dependent on the nitricoxide/guanylate cyclase pathway. FAU - Crestani, Sandra AU - Crestani S AD - Department of Pharmacology, Centro Politecnico, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. FAU - Rattmann, Yanna D AU - Rattmann YD FAU - Cipriani, Thales R AU - Cipriani TR FAU - de Souza, Lauro M AU - de Souza LM FAU - Iacomini, Marcello AU - Iacomini M FAU - Kassuya, Candida A L AU - Kassuya CA FAU - Marques, Maria C A AU - Marques MC FAU - da Silva-Santos, J Eduardo AU - da Silva-Santos JE LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20090304 PL - United States TA - Vascul Pharmacol JT - Vascular pharmacology JID - 101130615 RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Hypotension/*chemically induced/*physiopathology MH - Male MH - *Maytenus MH - Nitric Oxide/*physiology MH - Plant Extracts/isolation & purification/*pharmacology/toxicity MH - Plant Leaves MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Vasodilation/drug effects/physiology EDAT- 2009/03/10 09:00 MHDA- 2010/03/20 06:00 CRDT- 2009/03/10 09:00 PHST- 2008/07/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2009/02/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2009/02/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/03/10 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/03/10 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/03/20 06:00 [medline] AID - S1537-1891(09)00039-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vph.2009.02.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vascul Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;51(1):57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.02.005. Epub 2009 Mar 4. PMID- 19079672 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20110714 LR - 20240511 IS - 1940-5901 (Print) IS - 1940-5901 (Electronic) IS - 1940-5901 (Linking) VI - 1 IP - 2 DP - 2008 TI - Flavanols, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia. PG - 181-91 AB - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a dementing neurological disorder that results in progressive memory loss and cognitive decline thought to be associated with buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Vascular Dementia (VaD) is another common dementing disorder characterized by decreased brain perfusion. Together, AD and VaD constitute mixed dementia, an extremely common type of dementia associated with aging. Neuroimaging research suggests that brain vascular atrophy results in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a possible precursor for AD. Additionally, literature suggests that attention to cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension could reduce or delay the incidence of mixed dementia. Furthermore, foods and beverages rich in natural antioxidant flavanoids (i.e. epicatechin and catechin) are currently being advocated as possible preventative agents for a number of pathological conditions ranging from coronary heart disease to dementia. Experimental evidence is mounting that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of AD, and numerous studies are indicating that polyphenolic antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables can be useful in countering this and blocking neuronal death. More specifically, several cocoa studies suggest that daily intake of cocoa flavanols leads to cardiovascular benefits including vasodilatation via a nitric oxide mechanism and increased brain perfusion. The following text will consider an important question that thus arises regarding the potential of flavanols as effective agents for the prevention and delay of the onset of brain vascular atrophy and subsequently MCI and AD. It will also review the molecular mechanisms through which flavanols operate to accomplish their protective effects. FAU - Patel, Ami K AU - Patel AK FAU - Rogers, Jack T AU - Rogers JT FAU - Huang, Xudong AU - Huang X LA - eng GR - R21 AG028850/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20080415 PL - United States TA - Int J Clin Exp Med JT - International journal of clinical and experimental medicine JID - 101471010 PMC - PMC2596318 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Alzheimer's disease OT - Brain vascular atrophy OT - antioxidants OT - flavanols OT - mild cognitive impairment OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2008/12/17 09:00 MHDA- 2008/12/17 09:01 PMCR- 2008/04/15 CRDT- 2008/12/17 09:00 PHST- 2008/03/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/04/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/12/17 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2008/04/15 00:00 [pmc-release] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Clin Exp Med. 2008;1(2):181-91. Epub 2008 Apr 15. PMID- 19067684 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090212 LR - 20111117 IS - 1742-7843 (Electronic) IS - 1742-7835 (Linking) VI - 103 IP - 6 DP - 2008 Dec TI - Effects of cacao liquor polyphenols on cardiovascular and autonomic nervous functions in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. PG - 581-7 LID - 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00331.x [doi] AB - Many epidemiological studies have shown that polyphenols can reduce the risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. This study tested the hypothesis that cacao liquor polyphenols have the properties to restore the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous function in an animal model of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Male Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolaemic rabbits were housed in individual cages in a room where a 12-hr light:dark cycle (lights-on at 8:00 and lights-off at 20:00) was maintained. At 3 months of age, they were divided into two groups (standard diet and cacao liquor polyphenol) and the animals received 100 g of the respective diets per day and were provided with tap water ad libitum. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured by a telemetry system. To clarify the autonomic nervous function, power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic nervous tone were measured. After 6 months of dietary administration of cacao liquor polyphenols, heart rate and blood pressure were lowered but plasma lipid concentrations were unchanged. The area of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta in the cacao liquor polyphenol group was significantly smaller than that in the standard diet group. The high-frequency power of heart rate variability in the rabbits in the standard diet group was significantly decreased with ageing, but that in the cacao liquor polyphenol group was not different between short-term and long-term treatment. Moreover, cacao liquor polyphenols preserved parasympathetic nervous tone, although that in the standard diet group was significantly decreased with ageing. We conclude that cacao liquor polyphenols may play an important role to protect cardiovascular and autonomic nervous functions. FAU - Akita, Megumi AU - Akita M AD - Department of Comparative Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Kuwahara, Masayoshi AU - Kuwahara M FAU - Itoh, Fumi AU - Itoh F FAU - Nakano, Yoshihisa AU - Nakano Y FAU - Osakabe, Naomi AU - Osakabe N FAU - Kurosawa, Tohru AU - Kurosawa T FAU - Tsubone, Hirokazu AU - Tsubone H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol JT - Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology JID - 101208422 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/*pharmacology MH - Autonomic Nervous System/*drug effects/physiopathology MH - Baroreflex/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular System/*drug effects/physiopathology MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Hypercholesterolemia/*physiopathology MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Phenols/*pharmacology MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Polyphenols MH - Rabbits MH - Telemetry EDAT- 2008/12/11 09:00 MHDA- 2009/02/13 09:00 CRDT- 2008/12/11 09:00 PHST- 2008/12/11 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/02/13 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/12/11 09:00 [entrez] AID - PTO331 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00331.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008 Dec;103(6):581-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00331.x. PMID- 19064532 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090113 LR - 20250529 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 6 DP - 2008 Dec TI - Cocoa consumption for 2 wk enhances insulin-mediated vasodilatation without improving blood pressure or insulin resistance in essential hypertension. PG - 1685-96 LID - 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26457 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Essential hypertension is characterized by reciprocal relations between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Cocoa flavanols stimulate production of the vasodilator nitric oxide from vascular endothelium. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that consumption of cocoa may simultaneously lower blood pressure, improve endothelial dysfunction, and ameliorate insulin resistance in subjects with essential hypertension. DESIGN: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial of a flavanol-rich cocoa drink (150 mL twice a day, approximately 900 mg flavanols/d) in individuals with essential hypertension (n = 20). Antihypertensive medications were discontinued before study enrollment. After a 7-d cocoa-free run-in period, cocoa or flavanol-poor placebo (approximately 28 mg flavanols/d) treatment for 2 wk was followed by a 1-wk washout and then crossover to the other treatment arm. Blood pressure was measured thrice weekly. At baseline and after each treatment period, we assessed insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic glucose clamp) and insulin-stimulated changes in brachial artery diameter and forearm skeletal muscle capillary recruitment (Doppler ultrasound with or without microbubble contrast). RESULTS: Cocoa treatment for 2 wk increased insulin-stimulated changes in brachial artery diameter when compared with placebo [median percentage increase from baseline (25th-75th percentile): 8.3 (4.2-11.3) compared with 5.9 (-0.3 to 9.6); P < 0.04]. Nevertheless, cocoa treatment did not significantly reduce blood pressure or improve insulin resistance and had no significant effects on skeletal muscle capillary recruitment, circulating plasma concentrations of adipocytokines, or endothelial adhesion molecules. CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa for 2 wk is not sufficient to reduce blood pressure or improve insulin resistance in human subjects with essential hypertension. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00099476. FAU - Muniyappa, Ranganath AU - Muniyappa R AD - Diabetes Unit, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. FAU - Hall, Gail AU - Hall G FAU - Kolodziej, Terrie L AU - Kolodziej TL FAU - Karne, Rajaram J AU - Karne RJ FAU - Crandon, Sonja K AU - Crandon SK FAU - Quon, Michael J AU - Quon MJ LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00099476 GR - Z01 AT000011/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Insulin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Beverages MH - Brachial Artery MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Female MH - Flavonols/blood/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology MH - Glucose Clamp Technique MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/blood/*drug therapy MH - Insulin/*metabolism MH - *Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Regional Blood Flow MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC2969165 MID - NIHMS242101 EDAT- 2008/12/10 09:00 MHDA- 2009/01/14 09:00 PMCR- 2010/11/02 CRDT- 2008/12/10 09:00 PHST- 2008/12/10 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/01/14 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/12/10 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/11/02 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0002-9165(23)23418-8 [pii] AID - 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26457 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1685-96. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26457. PMID- 19051188 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090615 LR - 20231213 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 53 IP - 3 DP - 2009 Mar TI - Vascular action of polyphenols. PG - 322-31 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.200800182 [doi] AB - Dietary patterns are widely recognised as contributors to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Endothelial function, the elastic properties of large arteries and the magnitude and timing of wave reflections are important determinants of cardiovascular performance. Several epidemiological studies suggest that the regular consumption of foods and beverages rich in flavonoids is associated with a reduction in the risk of several pathological conditions ranging from hypertension to coronary heart disease, stroke and dementia. The impairment of endothelial function is directly related to ageing and an association between decreased cerebral perfusion and dementia has been shown to exist. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) must be maintained to ensure a constant delivery of oxygen and glucose as well as the removal of waste products. Increasing blood flow is one potential way for improving brain function and the prospect for increasing CBF with dietary polyphenols is extremely promising. The major polyphenols shown to have some of these effects in humans are primarily from cocoa, wine, grape seed, berries, tea, tomatoes (polyphenolics and nonpolyphenolics), soy and pomegranate. There has been a significant paradigm shift in polyphenol research during the last decade. This review summarises our current knowledge in this area and points the way for the development of new types of functional foods targeted to brain health through improving vascular health. FAU - Ghosh, Dilip AU - Ghosh D AD - Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia. dilip.ghosh@bigpond.com FAU - Scheepens, Arjan AU - Scheepens A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Vessels/*drug effects MH - Cacao/chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology/*prevention & control MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects MH - *Diet MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Fruit/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Solanum lycopersicum/chemistry MH - Lythraceae/chemistry MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Phenols/*administration & dosage MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry MH - Polyphenols MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Seeds/chemistry MH - Glycine max/chemistry MH - Tea/chemistry MH - Vegetables/chemistry MH - Vitis/chemistry MH - Wine/analysis RF - 90 EDAT- 2008/12/04 09:00 MHDA- 2009/06/16 09:00 CRDT- 2008/12/04 09:00 PHST- 2008/12/04 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/06/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/12/04 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.200800182 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Mar;53(3):322-31. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200800182. PMID- 19005120 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090304 LR - 20220409 IS - 1715-5258 (Electronic) IS - 0008-350X (Print) IS - 0008-350X (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 11 DP - 2008 Nov TI - Complementary and alternative medicine approaches to blood pressure reduction: An evidence-based review. PG - 1529-33 AB - ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo review the evidence supporting complementary and alternative medicine approaches used in the treatment of hypertension.QUALITY OF EVIDENCEMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 1966 to May 2008 combining the key words hypertension or blood pressure with acupuncture, chocolate, cocoa, coenzyme Q10, ubiquinone, melatonin, vitamin D, meditation, and stress reduction. Clinical trials, prospective studies, and relevant references were included.MAIN MESSAGEEvidence from systematic reviews supports the blood pressure-lowering effects of coenzyme Q10, polyphenol-rich dark chocolate, Qigong, slow breathing, and transcendental meditation. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular risk; supplementation lowered blood pressure in 2 trials. Acupuncture reduced blood pressure in 3 trials; in 1 of these it was no better than an invasive placebo. Melatonin was effective in 2 small trials, but caution is warranted in patients taking pharmacotherapy.CONCLUSIONSeveral complementary and alternative medicine therapies can be considered as part of an evidence-based approach to the treatment of hypertension. The potential benefit of these interventions warrants further research using cardiovascular outcomes. FAU - Nahas, Richard AU - Nahas R AD - Seekers Centre for Integrative Medicine, 6 Deakin St, Ottawa, ON K2E 1B3. richard@seekerscentre.com LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Canada TA - Can Fam Physician JT - Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien JID - 0120300 RN - 0 (Micronutrients) SB - IM MH - Cacao MH - *Complementary Therapies MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*therapy MH - Micronutrients PMC - PMC2592323 EDAT- 2008/11/14 09:00 MHDA- 2009/03/05 09:00 PMCR- 2008/11/01 CRDT- 2008/11/14 09:00 PHST- 2008/11/14 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/03/05 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/11/14 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2008/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 54/11/1529 [pii] AID - 0541529 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Can Fam Physician. 2008 Nov;54(11):1529-33. PMID- 18991246 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090213 LR - 20131121 IS - 1613-4133 (Electronic) IS - 1613-4125 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 11 DP - 2008 Nov TI - Chocolate at heart: the anti-inflammatory impact of cocoa flavanols. PG - 1340-8 LID - 10.1002/mnfr.200700435 [doi] AB - Chronic and acute inflammation underlies the molecular basis of atherosclerosis. Cocoa-based products are among the richest functional foods based upon flavanols and their influence on the inflammatory pathway, as demonstrated by several in vitro or ex vivo studies. Indeed, flavanols modify the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the synthesis of eicosanoids, the activation of platelets, and nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. A relative paucity of data still characterizes the in vivo implications of these findings albeit there have been studies suggesting that the regular or occasional consumption of cocoa-rich compounds exerts beneficial effects on blood pressure, insulin resistance, vascular damage, and oxidative stress. Accordingly, rigorous controlled human studies with adequate follow-up and with the use of critical dietary questionnaires are needed to determine the effects of flavanols on the major endpoints of cardiovascular health. FAU - Selmi, Carlo AU - Selmi C AD - Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. FAU - Cocchi, Claudio A AU - Cocchi CA FAU - Lanfredini, Mario AU - Lanfredini M FAU - Keen, Carl L AU - Keen CL FAU - Gershwin, M Eric AU - Gershwin ME LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Germany TA - Mol Nutr Food Res JT - Molecular nutrition & food research JID - 101231818 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (NF-kappa B) RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Atherosclerosis/physiopathology/prevention & control MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - Catechin/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Cytokines/biosynthesis MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/complications/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Microcirculation/drug effects/physiology MH - NF-kappa B/drug effects/physiology MH - Platelet Activation/drug effects/physiology MH - Transcription Factors/physiology RF - 115 EDAT- 2008/11/11 09:00 MHDA- 2009/02/14 09:00 CRDT- 2008/11/11 09:00 PHST- 2008/11/11 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/02/14 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/11/11 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/mnfr.200700435 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Nov;52(11):1340-8. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700435. PMID- 18929760 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20081125 LR - 20220331 IS - 0039-6257 (Print) IS - 0039-6257 (Linking) VI - 53 IP - 5 DP - 2008 Sep-Oct TI - The potential value of natural antioxidative treatment in glaucoma. PG - 479-505 LID - 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.06.006 [doi] AB - Glaucomatous optic neuropathy implies loss of retinal ganglion cells, including their axons, and a major tissue remodeling, especially in the optic nerve head. Although increased intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy, there is little doubt that other factors such as ocular blood flow play a role as well. Mechanisms leading to glaucomatous optic neuropathy are not yet clearly understood. There is, however, increasing evidence that both an activation of glial cells and an oxidative stress in the axons play an important role. Glial cells may be activated by mechanical stress via activation of the epidermal growth-factor-receptor, or by ischemic stress via an increase in endothelin. Several factors can systemically or locally increase oxidative stress. In glaucoma, an unstable ocular blood flow leading to repeated mild reperfusion seems to be most relevant in inducing oxidative stress. The simultaneous production of nitric oxide in the astrocytes and of superoxide in the mitochondria of the axons leads to the production of the damaging peroxynitrite. Therapeutically, we need to reduce intraocular pressure, stabilize ocular blood flow, and reduce oxidative stress. Various natural compounds possess potential antioxidative value. Reduction of oxidative stress at the level of mitochondria can be achieved by gingko biloba. Polyphenolic compounds, such as tea, red wine, dark chocolate, or coffee have antioxidative properties. Coffee contains 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione (MCP), capable of scavenging peroxynitirite. Red wine-polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol), exert vasoprotective effects by inhibiting the synthesis of endothelin-1. Dark chocolate decreases blood pressure and improves endothelium-dependant vasorelaxation. Anthocyanosides (bilberries) owe their antioxidant effects to their particular chemical structure. Other antioxidants include ubiquinone and melatonin. FAU - Mozaffarieh, M AU - Mozaffarieh M AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. FAU - Grieshaber, M C AU - Grieshaber MC FAU - Orgul, S AU - Orgul S FAU - Flammer, J AU - Flammer J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Surv Ophthalmol JT - Survey of ophthalmology JID - 0404551 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) SB - IM MH - Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use MH - Antioxidants/*therapeutic use MH - Glaucoma/physiopathology/*therapy MH - Humans MH - Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use MH - Oxidative Stress/physiology RF - 332 EDAT- 2008/10/22 09:00 MHDA- 2008/12/17 09:00 CRDT- 2008/10/22 09:00 PHST- 2008/10/22 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/10/22 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0039-6257(08)00116-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.06.006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Surv Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep-Oct;53(5):479-505. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.06.006. PMID- 18843090 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090122 LR - 20220409 IS - 0363-6119 (Print) IS - 0363-6119 (Linking) VI - 295 IP - 6 DP - 2008 Dec TI - Chewing and taste increase blood velocity in the celiac but not the superior mesenteric arteries. PG - R1921-5 LID - 10.1152/ajpregu.90493.2008 [doi] AB - To investigate the role of chewing and taste in the meal-induced rapid increase in splanchnic blood flow, we compared the blood flow responses in the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to chewing solid food with a chocolate taste (FOOD) and paraffin wax without taste (WAX). After 5 min of baseline measurement, 15 healthy subjects repeated chewing and expectorating the FOOD or WAX every 20 s for 4 min followed by 10 min of recovery measurement. We measured the mean blood velocity (MBV) in the CA and SMA. The baseline MBVs in the CA and SMA did not differ between the FOOD and WAX trials. The MBV in the CA was lower than baseline at the 1st min of chewing in both trials. It was higher than baseline at the 3rd min of FOOD chewing, whereas it did not increase during and after WAX chewing. The MBV in the CA was higher in the FOOD trial than in the WAX trial at the 3rd min of chewing and thereafter. In contrast, the MBV in the SMA did not change throughout the protocols. These results suggest that the taste of food plays a role in meal-induced hyperemia in the CA but not the SMA. FAU - Someya, Nami AU - Someya N AD - Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan. FAU - Hayashi, Naoyuki AU - Hayashi N LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20081008 PL - United States TA - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol JT - American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology JID - 100901230 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Flow Velocity MH - Blood Pressure MH - Celiac Artery/*physiopathology MH - Female MH - Heart Rate MH - Humans MH - Hyperemia/*physiopathology MH - Male MH - *Mastication MH - Mesenteric Artery, Superior/*physiopathology MH - Regional Blood Flow MH - Skin/blood supply MH - *Splanchnic Circulation MH - *Taste MH - Time Factors MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2008/10/10 09:00 MHDA- 2009/01/23 09:00 CRDT- 2008/10/10 09:00 PHST- 2008/10/10 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/01/23 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/10/10 09:00 [entrez] AID - 90493.2008 [pii] AID - 10.1152/ajpregu.90493.2008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Dec;295(6):R1921-5. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.90493.2008. Epub 2008 Oct 8. PMID- 18835411 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090223 LR - 20151119 IS - 1095-8304 (Electronic) IS - 0195-6663 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 1 DP - 2009 Feb TI - Acute effects of brisk walking on urges to eat chocolate, affect, and responses to a stressor and chocolate cue. An experimental study. PG - 155-60 LID - 10.1016/j.appet.2008.09.004 [doi] AB - The study aimed to investigate the effects of an acute exercise bout on urges to eat chocolate, affect, and psychological and physiological responses to stress and a chocolate cue. Following 3 days of chocolate abstinence, 25 regular chocolate eaters, took part, on separate days, in two randomly ordered conditions, in a within-subject design: a 15-min brisk semi-self-paced brisk walk or a passive control. Following each, participants completed two tasks: the Stroop colour-word interference task, and unwrapping and handling a chocolate bar. Chocolate urges [State Food Cravings Questionnaire (FCQ-S); Rodriguez, S., Fernandez, M. C., Cepeda-Benito, A., & Vila, J. (2005). Subjective and physiological reactivity to chocolate images in high and low chocolate cravers. Biological Psychology, 70, 9-18], affective activation [Felt Arousal Scale; Svebak, S., & Murgatroyd, S. (1985). Metamotivational dominance: a multimethod validation of reversal theory constructs. Journal of Perception and Social Psychology, 48, 107-116], affective pleasure/valence [Feelings Scale; Hardy, C. J., & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). Not what, but how one feels: the measurement of affect during exercise. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 304-317], and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) were assessed throughout. Exercise reduced chocolate urges and there was a trend towards attenuated urges in response to the chocolate cue. Exercise also attenuated SBP/DBP increases in response to the stressor and chocolate cue. The effects on urges varied across the dimensions of the FCQ-S. FAU - Taylor, Adrian H AU - Taylor AH AD - School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Lukes, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK. A.H.Taylor@ex.ac.uk FAU - Oliver, Anita J AU - Oliver AJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20080913 PL - England TA - Appetite JT - Appetite JID - 8006808 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Exercise/*physiology MH - Female MH - Food Preferences/*physiology/*psychology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Stress, Physiological/*physiology MH - Surveys and Questionnaires EDAT- 2008/10/07 09:00 MHDA- 2009/02/24 09:00 CRDT- 2008/10/07 09:00 PHST- 2008/07/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/08/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2008/09/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/10/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/02/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/10/07 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0195-6663(08)00556-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.appet.2008.09.004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Appetite. 2009 Feb;52(1):155-60. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.09.004. Epub 2008 Sep 13. PMID- 18830150 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090123 LR - 20220408 IS - 1420-3049 (Electronic) IS - 1420-3049 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 9 DP - 2008 Sep 16 TI - Polyphenols in cocoa and cocoa products: is there a link between antioxidant properties and health? PG - 2190-219 AB - Cocoa and cocoa products have received much attention due to their significant polyphenol contents. Cocoa and cocoa products, namely cocoa liquor, cocoa powder and chocolates (milk and dark chocolates) may present varied polyphenol contents and possess different levels of antioxidant potentials. For the past ten years, at least 28 human studies have been conducted utilizing one of these cocoa products. However, questions arise on which of these products would deliver the best polyphenol contents and antioxidant effects. Moreover, the presence of methylxanthines, peptides, and minerals could synergistically enhance or reduce antioxidant properties of cocoa and cocoa products. To a greater extent, cocoa beans from different countries of origins and the methods of preparation (primary and secondary) could also partially influence the antioxidant polyphenols of cocoa products. Hence, comprehensive studies on the aforementioned factors could provide the understanding of health-promoting activities of cocoa or cocoa products components. FAU - Jalil, Abbe Maleyki Mhd AU - Jalil AM AD - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. FAU - Ismail, Amin AU - Ismail A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20080916 PL - Switzerland TA - Molecules JT - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 100964009 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Xanthines) RN - 28109-92-4 (methylxanthine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/*chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Flavonoids/*chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects MH - Molecular Structure MH - Phenols/*chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Polyphenols MH - Xanthines/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use PMC - PMC6245372 EDAT- 2008/10/03 09:00 MHDA- 2009/01/24 09:00 PMCR- 2008/09/16 CRDT- 2008/10/03 09:00 PHST- 2008/08/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/08/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2008/09/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/10/03 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/01/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/10/03 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2008/09/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 13092190 [pii] AID - molecules-13-02190 [pii] AID - 10.3390/molecules13092190 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Molecules. 2008 Sep 16;13(9):2190-219. doi: 10.3390/molecules13092190. PMID- 18823526 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20081030 LR - 20181113 IS - 1471-2296 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2296 (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2008 Sep 29 TI - Italian network for obesity and cardiovascular disease surveillance: a pilot project. PG - 53 LID - 10.1186/1471-2296-9-53 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Also in Mediterranean countries, which are considered a low risk population for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the increase in body mass index (BMI) has become a public health priority. To evaluate the feasibility of a CVD and obesity surveillance network, forty General Practitioners (GPs) were engaged to perform a screening to assess obesity, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle habits and medication use. METHODS: A total of 1,046 women and 1,044 men aged 35-74 years were randomly selected from GPs' lists stratifying by age decade and gender. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed by GPs using standardized methodologies. BMI was computed and categorized in normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2). Food frequency (per day: fruits and vegetables; per week: meat, cheese, fish, pulses, chocolate, fried food, sweet, wholemeal food, rotisserie food and sugar drink) and physical activity (at work and during leisure time) were investigated through a questionnaire. CVD risk was assessed using the Italian CUORE Project risk function. RESULTS: The percentage of missing values was very low. Prevalence of overweight was 34% in women and 50% in men; prevalence of obesity was 23% in both men and women. Level of physical activity was mostly low or very low. BMI was inversely associated with consumption of pulses, rotisserie food, chocolate, sweets and physical activity during leisure time and directly associated with consumption of meat. Mean value of total cardiovascular risk was 4% in women and 11% in men. One percent of women and 16% of men were at high cardiovascular risk (> or = 20% in 10 years). Normal weight persons were four times more likely to be at low risk than obese persons. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of a surveillance network of GPs in Italy focusing on obesity and other CVD risk factors. It also provided information on lifestyle habits, such as diet and physical activity. FAU - Donfrancesco, Chiara AU - Donfrancesco C AD - Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. chiara.donfrancesco@iss.it FAU - Lo Noce, Cinzia AU - Lo Noce C FAU - Brignoli, Ovidio AU - Brignoli O FAU - Riccardi, Gabriele AU - Riccardi G FAU - Ciccarelli, Paola AU - Ciccarelli P FAU - Dima, Francesco AU - Dima F FAU - Palmieri, Luigi AU - Palmieri L FAU - Giampaoli, Simona AU - Giampaoli S LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20080929 PL - England TA - BMC Fam Pract JT - BMC family practice JID - 100967792 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Aged MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology MH - Exercise MH - Family Practice MH - Humans MH - Italy/epidemiology MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity/*epidemiology MH - Pilot Projects MH - *Population Surveillance/methods MH - Quality Control MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Distribution MH - Smoking/epidemiology MH - Socioeconomic Factors MH - Surveys and Questionnaires PMC - PMC2569935 EDAT- 2008/10/01 09:00 MHDA- 2008/10/31 09:00 PMCR- 2008/09/29 CRDT- 2008/10/01 09:00 PHST- 2008/03/04 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/09/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/10/01 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/10/31 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/10/01 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2008/09/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1471-2296-9-53 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1471-2296-9-53 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Fam Pract. 2008 Sep 29;9:53. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-9-53. PMID- 18806104 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20081202 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 138 IP - 10 DP - 2008 Oct TI - Regular consumption of dark chocolate is associated with low serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in a healthy Italian population. PG - 1939-45 AB - Dark chocolate contains high concentrations of flavonoids and may have antiinflammatory properties. We evaluated the association of dark chocolate intake with serum C-reactive protein (CRP). The Moli-sani Project is an ongoing cohort study of men and women aged >/=35 y randomly recruited from the general population. By July 2007, 10,994 subjects had been enrolled. Of 4849 subjects apparently free of any chronic disease, 1317 subjects who declared having eaten any chocolate during the past year (mean age 53 +/- 12 y; 51% men) and 824 subjects who ate chocolate regularly in the form of dark chocolate only (50 +/- 10 y; 55% men) were selected. High sensitivity-CRP was measured by an immunoturbidimetric method. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition FFQ was used to evaluate nutritional intake. After adjustment for age, sex, social status, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, BMI, waist:hip ratio, food groups, and total energy intake, dark chocolate consumption was inversely associated with CRP (P = 0.038). When adjusted for nutrient intake, analyses showed similar results (P = 0.016). Serum CRP concentrations [geometric mean (95% CI)] univariate concentrations were 1.32 (1.26-1.39 mg/L) in nonconsumers and 1.10 (1.03-1.17 mg/L) in consumers (P < 0.0001). A J-shaped relationship between dark chocolate consumption and serum CRP was observed; consumers of up to 1 serving (20 g) of dark chocolate every 3 d had serum CRP concentrations that were significantly lower than nonconsumers or higher consumers. Our findings suggest that regular consumption of small doses of dark chocolate may reduce inflammation. FAU - di Giuseppe, Romina AU - di Giuseppe R AD - Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology, Research Laboratories, "John Paul II" Centre for High Technology Research, Care and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. FAU - Di Castelnuovo, Augusto AU - Di Castelnuovo A FAU - Centritto, Floriana AU - Centritto F FAU - Zito, Francesco AU - Zito F FAU - De Curtis, Amalia AU - De Curtis A FAU - Costanzo, Simona AU - Costanzo S FAU - Vohnout, Branislav AU - Vohnout B FAU - Sieri, Sabina AU - Sieri S FAU - Krogh, Vittorio AU - Krogh V FAU - Donati, Maria Benedetta AU - Donati MB FAU - de Gaetano, Giovanni AU - de Gaetano G FAU - Iacoviello, Licia AU - Iacoviello L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) SB - IM MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Mass Index MH - C-Reactive Protein/*metabolism MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy MH - Diet MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/blood/diet therapy/*prevention & control MH - Italy MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Reference Values MH - Waist-Hip Ratio EDAT- 2008/09/23 09:00 MHDA- 2008/12/17 09:00 CRDT- 2008/09/23 09:00 PHST- 2008/09/23 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/09/23 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-3166(22)09677-8 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jn/138.10.1939 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2008 Oct;138(10):1939-45. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.10.1939. PMID- 18716168 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080916 LR - 20251218 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 138 IP - 9 DP - 2008 Sep TI - Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. PG - 1671-6 AB - Flavanols from chocolate appear to increase nitric oxide bioavailability, protect vascular endothelium, and decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We sought to test the effect of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (FRDC) on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). After a run-in phase, 19 hypertensives with IGT (11 males, 8 females; 44.8 +/- 8.0 y) were randomized to receive isocalorically either FRDC or flavanol-free white chocolate (FFWC) at 100 g/d for 15 d. After a wash-out period, patients were switched to the other treatment. Clinical and 24-h ambulatory BP was determined by sphygmometry and oscillometry, respectively, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), oral glucose tolerance test, serum cholesterol and C-reactive protein, and plasma homocysteine were evaluated after each treatment phase. FRDC but not FFWC ingestion decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; P < 0.0001) and increased insulin sensitivity (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), ISI(0); P < 0.05) and beta-cell function (corrected insulin response CIR(120); P = 0.035). Systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP decreased (P < 0.0001) after FRDC (SBP, -3.82 +/- 2.40 mm Hg; DBP, -3.92 +/- 1.98 mm Hg; 24-h SBP, -4.52 +/- 3.94 mm Hg; 24-h DBP, -4.17 +/- 3.29 mm Hg) but not after FFWC. Further, FRDC increased FMD (P < 0.0001) and decreased total cholesterol (-6.5%; P < 0.0001), and LDL cholesterol (-7.5%; P < 0.0001). Changes in insulin sensitivity (Delta ISI - Delta FMD: r = 0.510, P = 0.001; Delta QUICKI - Delta FMD: r = 0.502, P = 0.001) and beta-cell function (Delta CIR(120) - Delta FMD: r = 0.400, P = 0.012) were directly correlated with increases in FMD and inversely correlated with decreases in BP (Delta ISI - Delta 24-h SBP: r = -0.368, P = 0.022; Delta ISI - Delta 24-h DBP r = -0.384, P = 0.017). Thus, FRDC ameliorated insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, decreased BP, and increased FMD in IGT hypertensive patients. These findings suggest flavanol-rich, low-energy cocoa food products may have a positive impact on CVD risk factors. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy. davide.grassi@cc.univaq.it FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Necozione S FAU - Lippi, Cristina AU - Lippi C FAU - Casale, Raffaele AU - Casale R FAU - Properzi, Giuliana AU - Properzi G FAU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AU - Blumberg JB FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*analysis/*pharmacology MH - Glucose Tolerance Test MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control MH - Insulin Resistance/*physiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Phenols/*analysis/*pharmacology MH - Polyphenols EDAT- 2008/08/22 09:00 MHDA- 2008/09/17 09:00 CRDT- 2008/08/22 09:00 PHST- 2008/08/22 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/09/17 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/08/22 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-3166(22)09929-1 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jn/138.9.1671 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2008 Sep;138(9):1671-6. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.9.1671. PMID- 18641206 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080902 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 138 IP - 8 DP - 2008 Aug TI - Tea, flavonoids, and nitric oxide-mediated vascular reactivity. PG - 1554S-1560S AB - Epidemiological evidence supports the concept that diets rich in fruits and vegetables promote health and attenuate or delay the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although a variety of factors contribute to the beneficial effects of plant foods, much attention has been addressed to plant polyphenols. In this regard, in the daily Western diet, both black and green teas contribute to a relevant proportion of total phenol intake. The more abundant class of flavonoids that is present in teas is represented by flavanols, i.e., catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate. Studies using animal models of atherosclerosis indicate that dietary flavonoid consumption delays atherosclerotic plaque development. Accordingly, an inverse association between tea intake and CVD has been demonstrated. Further, flavonoids can reduce endothelial dysfunction, i.e., the key step in the development of atherosclerosis. Concordantly, human data suggest that tea may reduce blood pressure levels. Despite this, although they often show that tea may have cardiovascular protective effects, results from epidemiological studies exploring the association between tea and health are controversial. Conflicting results may be caused by disparate study designs and flavonoid contents in different kinds of tea. Thus, because tea is a popular beverage worldwide, and several studies have shown that it is protective against CVD, further studies are needed to determine the role of tea in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Aggio, Annalisa AU - Aggio A FAU - Onori, Luciano AU - Onori L FAU - Croce, Giuseppe AU - Croce G FAU - Tiberti, Sergio AU - Tiberti S FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C FAU - Ferri, Livia AU - Ferri L FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Animals MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Rats MH - Tea/*chemistry MH - Vasodilation/*drug effects EDAT- 2008/07/22 09:00 MHDA- 2008/09/03 09:00 CRDT- 2008/07/22 09:00 PHST- 2008/07/22 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/09/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/07/22 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-3166(22)09909-6 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jn/138.8.1554S [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2008 Aug;138(8):1554S-1560S. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1554S. PMID- 18614724 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080731 LR - 20250529 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 1 DP - 2008 Jul TI - Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial. PG - 58-63 AB - BACKGROUND: Studies suggest cardioprotective benefits of dark chocolate containing cocoa. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the acute effects of solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa intake on endothelial function and blood pressure in overweight adults. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover trial of 45 healthy adults [mean age: 53 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 30]. In phase 1, subjects were randomly assigned to consume a solid dark chocolate bar (containing 22 g cocoa powder) or a cocoa-free placebo bar (containing 0 g cocoa powder). In phase 2, subjects were randomly assigned to consume sugar-free cocoa (containing 22 g cocoa powder), sugared cocoa (containing 22 g cocoa powder), or a placebo (containing 0 g cocoa powder). RESULTS: Solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa ingestion improved endothelial function (measured as flow-mediated dilatation) compared with placebo (dark chocolate: 4.3 +/- 3.4% compared with -1.8 +/- 3.3%; P < 0.001; sugar-free and sugared cocoa: 5.7 +/- 2.6% and 2.0 +/- 1.8% compared with -1.5 +/- 2.8%; P < 0.001). Blood pressure decreased after the ingestion of dark chocolate and sugar-free cocoa compared with placebo (dark chocolate: systolic, -3.2 +/- 5.8 mm Hg compared with 2.7 +/- 6.6 mm Hg; P < 0.001; and diastolic, -1.4 +/- 3.9 mm Hg compared with 2.7 +/- 6.4 mm Hg; P = 0.01; sugar-free cocoa: systolic, -2.1 +/- 7.0 mm Hg compared with 3.2 +/- 5.6 mm Hg; P < 0.001; and diastolic: -1.2 +/- 8.7 mm Hg compared with 2.8 +/- 5.6 mm Hg; P = 0.014). Endothelial function improved significantly more with sugar-free than with regular cocoa (5.7 +/- 2.6% compared with 2.0 +/- 1.8%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The acute ingestion of both solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa improved endothelial function and lowered blood pressure in overweight adults. Sugar content may attenuate these effects, and sugar-free preparations may augment them. FAU - Faridi, Zubaida AU - Faridi Z AD - Yale Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA. FAU - Njike, Valentine Yanchou AU - Njike VY FAU - Dutta, Suparna AU - Dutta S FAU - Ali, Ather AU - Ali A FAU - Katz, David L AU - Katz DL LA - eng GR - F32 AT002667/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States GR - U48-CCU115802/PHS HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Dietary Sucrose) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Beverages MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dietary Sucrose/*adverse effects/pharmacology MH - Dilatation MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitric Oxide/pharmacology MH - Overweight MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Ultrasonography EDAT- 2008/07/11 09:00 MHDA- 2008/08/01 09:00 CRDT- 2008/07/11 09:00 PHST- 2008/07/11 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/08/01 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/07/11 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(23)24079-4 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.58 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;88(1):58-63. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.58. PMID- 18614722 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080731 LR - 20240109 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 1 DP - 2008 Jul TI - Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PG - 38-50 AB - BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of flavonoid consumption on cardiovascular risk are supported by mechanistic and epidemiologic evidence. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of different flavonoid subclasses and flavonoid-rich food sources on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors--ie, lipoproteins, blood pressure, and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). DESIGN: Methods included a structured search strategy on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases; formal inclusion or exclusion, data extraction, and validity assessment; and meta-analysis. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three trials were included. No randomized controlled trial studied effects on CVD morbidity or mortality. Significant heterogeneity confirmed differential effects between flavonoid subclasses and foods. Chocolate increased FMD after acute (3.99%; 95% CI: 2.86, 5.12; 6 studies) and chronic (1.45%; 0.62, 2.28; 2 studies) intake and reduced systolic (-5.88 mm Hg; -9.55, -2.21; 5 studies) and diastolic (-3.30 mm Hg; -5.77, -0.83; 4 studies) blood pressure. Soy protein isolate (but not other soy products or components) significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (-1.99 mm Hg; -2.86, -1.12; 9 studies) and LDL cholesterol (-0.19 mmol/L; -0.24, -0.14; 39 studies). Acute black tea consumption increased systolic (5.69 mm Hg; 1.52, 9.86; 4 studies) and diastolic (2.56 mm Hg; 1.03, 4.10; 4 studies) blood pressure. Green tea reduced LDL (-0.23 mmol/L; -0.34, -0.12; 4 studies). For many of the other flavonoids, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: To date, the effects of flavonoids from soy and cocoa have been the main focus of attention. Future studies should focus on other commonly consumed subclasses (eg, anthocyanins and flavanones), examine dose-response effects, and be of long enough duration to allow assessment of clinically relevant endpoints. FAU - Hooper, Lee AU - Hooper L AD - School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom. l.hooper@uea.ac.uk FAU - Kroon, Paul A AU - Kroon PA FAU - Rimm, Eric B AU - Rimm EB FAU - Cohn, Jeffrey S AU - Cohn JS FAU - Harvey, Ian AU - Harvey I FAU - Le Cornu, Kathryn A AU - Le Cornu KA FAU - Ryder, Jonathan J AU - Ryder JJ FAU - Hall, Wendy L AU - Hall WL FAU - Cassidy, Aedin AU - Cassidy A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Soybean Proteins) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;88(1):12-3. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.12. PMID: 18614717 MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*epidemiology MH - Diet MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Lipid Metabolism/*drug effects MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - Risk Factors MH - Soybean Proteins/*pharmacology MH - Tea/chemistry MH - Vitis/chemistry EDAT- 2008/07/11 09:00 MHDA- 2008/08/01 09:00 CRDT- 2008/07/11 09:00 PHST- 2008/07/11 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/08/01 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/07/11 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(23)24047-2 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.38 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;88(1):38-50. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.38. PMID- 18598589 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080926 LR - 20210416 IS - 1475-2662 (Electronic) IS - 0007-1145 (Linking) VI - 99 Suppl 3 DP - 2008 Jun TI - Dietary reference intake (DRI) value for dietary polyphenols: are we heading in the right direction? PG - S55-8 LID - 10.1017/S0007114508006867 [doi] AB - Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values exist for vitamins and minerals, and provide a guideline on the optimal dose range to avoid deficiency and prevent toxicity. Polyphenols are widely distributed in plant foods, and have been linked to improved human health through reduced risk of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular. Although they do not cause classical deficiencies, recently they have been discussed as 'lifespan essentials because they are needed to achieve a full lifespan by reducing the risk of a range of chronic diseases. A recent meta analysis shows promising actions of polyphenols from cocoa, soya and tea on flow mediated dilation, blood pressure and LDL cholesterol. Many epidemiological studies support the action of polyphenols or polyphenol-rich foods on health, but there are still many gaps in our knowledge. More adequately powered, randomised, placebo controlled human studies are needed on polyphenols. There is a large number of structurally different polyphenols which are relevant for health, and obtaining enough information to set a DRI for each of these will not be feasible in the foreseeable future. A new approach is needed, and a new way of thinking, which would apply not only to polyphenols but also to other phytochemicals. Today, a target intake value of polyphenols as 'lifespan essentials' needs to be based on the amount of polyphenols in '5-a-day'. We are heading in the right direction towards a DRI, but bioavailability and dose-effects, including toxic levels, need to be established before DRIs can be considered. FAU - Williamson, Gary AU - Williamson G AD - Chair of Functional Food, Procter Department of Food Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. g.williamson@leeds.ac.uk FAU - Holst, Birgit AU - Holst B LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Br J Nutr JT - The British journal of nutrition JID - 0372547 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Micronutrients) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/*administration & dosage MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/physiology MH - Humans MH - Micronutrients/*administration & dosage MH - Nutrition Policy MH - *Nutritional Requirements MH - Phenols/*administration & dosage MH - Polyphenols EDAT- 2008/07/05 09:00 MHDA- 2008/09/27 09:00 CRDT- 2008/07/05 09:00 PHST- 2008/07/05 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/09/27 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/07/05 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0007114508006867 [pii] AID - 10.1017/S0007114508006867 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Br J Nutr. 2008 Jun;99 Suppl 3:S55-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508006867. PMID- 18510961 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080702 LR - 20250428 IS - 1558-3597 (Electronic) IS - 0735-1097 (Linking) VI - 51 IP - 22 DP - 2008 Jun 3 TI - Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial. PG - 2141-9 LID - 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.059 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to test feasibility and efficacy of a dietary intervention based on daily intake of flavanol-containing cocoa for improving vascular function of medicated diabetic patients. BACKGROUND: Even in fully medicated diabetic patients, overall prognosis is unfavorable due to deteriorated cardiovascular function. Based on epidemiological data, diets rich in flavanols are associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk. METHODS: In a feasibility study with 10 diabetic patients, we assessed vascular function as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, plasma levels of flavanol metabolites, and tolerability after an acute, single-dose ingestion of cocoa, containing increasing concentrations of flavanols (75, 371, and 963 mg). In a subsequent efficacy study, changes in vascular function in 41 medicated diabetic patients were assessed after a 30-day, thrice-daily dietary intervention with either flavanol-rich cocoa (321 mg flavanols per dose) or a nutrient-matched control (25 mg flavanols per dose). Both studies were undertaken in a randomized, double-masked fashion. Primary and secondary outcome measures included changes in FMD and plasma flavanol metabolites, respectively. RESULTS: A single ingestion of flavanol-containing cocoa was dose-dependently associated with significant acute increases in circulating flavanols and FMD (at 2 h: from 3.7 +/- 0.2% to 5.5 +/- 0.4%, p < 0.001). A 30-day, thrice-daily consumption of flavanol-containing cocoa increased baseline FMD by 30% (p < 0.0001), while acute increases of FMD upon ingestion of flavanol-containing cocoa continued to be manifest throughout the study. Treatment was well tolerated without evidence of tachyphylaxia. Endothelium-independent responses, blood pressure, heart rate, and glycemic control were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Diets rich in flavanols reverse vascular dysfunction in diabetes, highlighting therapeutic potentials in cardiovascular disease. FAU - Balzer, Jan AU - Balzer J AD - Department for Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. FAU - Rassaf, Tienush AU - Rassaf T FAU - Heiss, Christian AU - Heiss C FAU - Kleinbongard, Petra AU - Kleinbongard P FAU - Lauer, Thomas AU - Lauer T FAU - Merx, Marc AU - Merx M FAU - Heussen, Nicole AU - Heussen N FAU - Gross, Heidrun B AU - Gross HB FAU - Keen, Carl L AU - Keen CL FAU - Schroeter, Hagen AU - Schroeter H FAU - Kelm, Malte AU - Kelm M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Cardiol JT - Journal of the American College of Cardiology JID - 8301365 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM CIN - J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jun 3;51(22):2150-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.058. PMID: 18510962 MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Brachial Artery/drug effects MH - *Cacao/metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology/prevention & control MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/*physiopathology MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Female MH - Flavonols/blood/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prognosis MH - Risk Factors MH - Time Factors EDAT- 2008/05/31 09:00 MHDA- 2008/07/03 09:00 CRDT- 2008/05/31 09:00 PHST- 2007/11/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/01/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2008/01/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/05/31 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/07/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/05/31 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0735-1097(08)01027-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.059 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jun 3;51(22):2141-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.059. PMID- 18504447 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090115 LR - 20171116 IS - 1476-5497 (Electronic) IS - 0307-0565 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 8 DP - 2008 Aug TI - Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects. PG - 1289-96 LID - 10.1038/ijo.2008.66 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Impaired endothelial function in obesity may reduce blood flow to sites of metabolism, contributing to impaired fat oxidation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of cocoa flavanols and regular exercise, interventions known to improve endothelial function, on cardiometabolic function and body composition in obese individuals. DESIGN: Overweight and obese adults were randomly assigned to high-flavanol cocoa (HF, 902 mg flavanols), HF and exercise, low-flavanol cocoa (LF, 36 mg flavanols), or LF and exercise for 12 weeks (exercise duration was 3 x 45 min per week at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), supine blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma insulin, and glucose levels were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was determined using the modified homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2). RESULTS: A total of 49 subjects (M=18; F=31) completed the intervention. Baseline averages were as follows: body mass index=33.5 kg/m(2); BP=123/76 mm Hg; HOMA2=2.4; FMD=4.3%; rate of fat oxidation during exercise=0.34 g min(-1); abdominal fat=45.7% of total abdominal mass. Compared to LF, HF increased FMD acutely (2 h post-dose) by 2.4% (P<0.01) and chronically (over 12 weeks; P<0.01) by 1.6% and reduced insulin resistance by 0.31% (P<0.05), diastolic BP by 1.6 mm Hg and mean arterial BP by 1.2 mm Hg (P<0.05), independent of exercise. Regular exercise increased fat oxidation during exercise by 0.10 g min(-1) (P<0.01) and reduced abdominal fat by 0.92% (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Although HF consumption was shown to improve endothelial function, it did not enhance the effects of exercise on body fat and fat metabolism in obese subjects. However, it may be useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. FAU - Davison, K AU - Davison K AD - School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. FAU - Coates, A M AU - Coates AM FAU - Buckley, J D AU - Buckley JD FAU - Howe, P R C AU - Howe PR LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20080527 PL - England TA - Int J Obes (Lond) JT - International journal of obesity (2005) JID - 101256108 RN - 0 (Flavonols) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Anthropometry/methods MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Composition MH - Brachial Artery/physiopathology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/prevention & control MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Diet MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology MH - *Exercise MH - Female MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/etiology/*prevention & control MH - Middle Aged MH - Motor Activity MH - Obesity/complications/physiopathology/*therapy MH - Overweight/complications/physiopathology/therapy MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2008/05/28 09:00 MHDA- 2009/01/16 09:00 CRDT- 2008/05/28 09:00 PHST- 2008/05/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/01/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/05/28 09:00 [entrez] AID - ijo200866 [pii] AID - 10.1038/ijo.2008.66 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Aug;32(8):1289-96. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.66. Epub 2008 May 27. PMID- 18296357 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080702 LR - 20080225 IS - 0964-7058 (Print) IS - 0964-7058 (Linking) VI - 17 Suppl 1 DP - 2008 TI - Effects of cocoa flavanols on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. PG - 284-7 AB - Epidemiologic investigations support the hypothesis that regular consumption of flavonoid-containing foods can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While flavonoids are ubiquitous in plants, cocoa can be particularly rich in a sub-class of flavonoids known as flavanols. A number of human dietary intervention trials with flavanol-containing cocoa products have demonstrated improvements in endothelial and platelet function, as well as blood pressure. These studies provide direct evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavanol-containing foods and help to substantiate the epidemiological data. In this review, results from selective published trials with cocoa and chocolate focused on risk for CVD will be discussed along with a study we recently completed evaluating the effects of the daily consumption of flavanol-containing dark chocolate (CocoaVia?) with and without plant sterol esters on CVD markers in a normotensive population with mild hypercholesterolemia. In this study, the daily consumption of flavanol-containing dark chocolate was associated with a significant mean reduction of 5.8 mmHg in systolic blood pressure. Together the results of these human dietary intervention trials provide scientific evidence of the vascular effects of cocoa flavanols and suggest that the regular consumption of cocoa products containing flavanols may reduce risk of CVD. FAU - Erdman, John W Jr AU - Erdman JW Jr AD - University of Illinois, Food Science and Human Nutrition, 455 Bevier Hall, 905 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jwerdman@uiuc.edu FAU - Carson, LeaAnn AU - Carson L FAU - Kwik-Uribe, Catherine AU - Kwik-Uribe C FAU - Evans, Ellen M AU - Evans EM FAU - Allen, Robin R AU - Allen RR LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - China TA - Asia Pac J Clin Nutr JT - Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition JID - 9440304 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Blood Platelets/drug effects/physiology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiology MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Risk Factors RF - 18 EDAT- 2008/05/28 09:00 MHDA- 2008/07/03 09:00 CRDT- 2008/05/28 09:00 PHST- 2008/05/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/07/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/05/28 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:284-7. PMID- 18414181 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080623 LR - 20161124 IS - 1538-4683 (Electronic) IS - 1061-5377 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 3 DP - 2008 May-Jun TI - Flavanol-rich cocoa: a cardioprotective nutraceutical. PG - 109-15 LID - 10.1097/CRD.0b013e31815d95e2 [doi] AB - A growing number of epidemiologic studies have shown a link between the ingestion of flavonoid-rich cocoa and cardiovascular health benefits. A particular kind of flavonoid found in cocoa, namely flavan-3-ol (flavanol), has recently received more attention in this context. This review discusses the cardioprotective properties of flavanols, and the mechanisms underlying these beneficial actions. FAU - Mehrinfar, Ramona AU - Mehrinfar R AD - Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. FAU - Frishman, William H AU - Frishman WH LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Cardiol Rev JT - Cardiology in review JID - 9304686 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use MH - Biological Availability MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects MH - Flavonoids/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use MH - Food Handling MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/drug therapy MH - Inflammation/drug therapy MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Platelet Aggregation/drug effects RF - 57 EDAT- 2008/04/17 09:00 MHDA- 2008/06/24 09:00 CRDT- 2008/04/17 09:00 PHST- 2008/04/17 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/06/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/04/17 09:00 [entrez] AID - 00045415-200805000-00001 [pii] AID - 10.1097/CRD.0b013e31815d95e2 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cardiol Rev. 2008 May-Jun;16(3):109-15. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e31815d95e2. PMID- 18400709 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080428 LR - 20230318 IS - 1938-3207 (Electronic) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 87 IP - 4 DP - 2008 Apr TI - A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy, cognitively intact older adults. PG - 872-80 AB - BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential health-related benefits of antioxidant- and phytochemical-rich dark chocolate and cocoa. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine the short-term (6 wk) effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health in healthy older adults. DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, parallel-group clinical trial was used. Participants (n = 101) were randomly assigned to receive a 37-g dark chocolate bar and 8 ounces (237 mL) of an artificially sweetened cocoa beverage or similar placebo products each day for 6 wk. RESULTS: No significant group (dark chocolate and cocoa or placebo)-by-trial (baseline, midpoint, and end-of-treatment assessments) interactions were found for the neuropsychological, hematological, or blood pressure variables examined. In contrast, the midpoint and end-of-treatment mean pulse rate assessments in the dark chocolate and cocoa group were significantly higher than those at baseline and significantly higher than the midpoint and end-of-treatment rates in the control group. Results of a follow-up questionnaire item on the treatment products that participants believed they had consumed during the trial showed that more than half of the participants in both groups correctly identified the products that they had ingested during the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation failed to support the predicted beneficial effects of short-term dark chocolate and cocoa consumption on any of the neuropsychological or cardiovascular health-related variables included in this research. Consumption of dark chocolate and cocoa was, however, associated with significantly higher pulse rates at 3- and 6-wk treatment assessments. FAU - Crews, W David Jr AU - Crews WD Jr AD - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24506, USA. wdcrewsjr@aol.com FAU - Harrison, David W AU - Harrison DW FAU - Wright, James W AU - Wright JW LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Analysis of Variance MH - *Beverages MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - *Candy MH - Cognition/*drug effects MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Geriatric Assessment MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Hematologic Tests MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Memory/drug effects MH - Mental Recall/drug effects MH - Middle Aged MH - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - Surveys and Questionnaires MH - Treatment Outcome EDAT- 2008/04/11 09:00 MHDA- 2008/04/29 09:00 CRDT- 2008/04/11 09:00 PHST- 2008/04/11 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/04/29 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/04/11 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(23)23556-X [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.872 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):872-80. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.872. PMID- 18356327 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080410 LR - 20230216 IS - 1541-6100 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3166 (Linking) VI - 138 IP - 4 DP - 2008 Apr TI - Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterol. PG - 725-31 AB - Previous studies with plant sterols (PS) and cocoa flavanols (CF) provide support for their dietary use in maintaining cardiovascular health. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study evaluated the efficacy of daily consumption of a cocoa flavanol-containing dark chocolate bar with added PS on serum lipids, blood pressure, and other circulating cardiovascular health markers in a population with elevated serum cholesterol. We recruited 49 adults (32 women, 17 men) with serum total cholesterol concentrations of 5.20-7.28 mmol/L and blood pressure of < or = 159/99 mm Hg. Following a 2-wk lead-in utilizing the AHA style diet, participants were randomized into 2 groups and instructed to consume 2 cocoa flavanol-containing dark chocolate bars per day with (1.1 g sterol esters per bar) or without PS. Each 419-kJ bar was nutrient-matched and contained approximately 180 mg CF. Participants consumed 1 bar 2 times per day for 4 wk then switched to the other bar for an additional 4 wk. Serum lipids and other cardiovascular markers were measured at baseline and after 4 and 8 wk. Blood pressure was measured every 2 wk. Regular consumption of the PS-containing chocolate bar resulted in reductions of 2.0 and 5.3% in serum total and LDL cholesterol (P < 0.05), respectively. Consumption of CF also reduced systolic blood pressure at 8 wk (-5.8 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Results indicate that regular consumption of chocolate bars containing PS and CF as part of a low-fat diet may support cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and improving blood pressure. FAU - Allen, Robin R AU - Allen RR AD - Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA. roballen@uiuc.edu FAU - Carson, LeaAnn AU - Carson L FAU - Kwik-Uribe, Catherine AU - Kwik-Uribe C FAU - Evans, Ellen M AU - Evans EM FAU - Erdman, John W Jr AU - Erdman JW Jr LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Nutr JT - The Journal of nutrition JID - 0404243 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Phytosterols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Glucose/drug effects MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Body Weight/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry/*metabolism MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*metabolism MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Female MH - Flavonols/analysis/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Phytosterols/analysis/*pharmacology EDAT- 2008/03/22 09:00 MHDA- 2008/04/11 09:00 CRDT- 2008/03/22 09:00 PHST- 2008/03/22 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/04/11 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/03/22 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-3166(22)09645-6 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jn/138.4.725 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr. 2008 Apr;138(4):725-31. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.4.725. PMID- 18258621 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080325 LR - 20230318 IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 87 IP - 2 DP - 2008 Feb TI - Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol. PG - 323-31 AB - BACKGROUND: Berries are a particularly rich source of polyphenols. They also contain other bioactive substances, such as vitamin C. Previous studies indicated that the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods (eg, cocoa, tea, and red wine) may induce beneficial changes in pathways related to cardiovascular health. Whether the consumption of berries has similar effects is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effects of berry consumption on hemostatic function, serum lipids, and blood pressure (BP). DESIGN: Middle-aged unmedicated subjects (n = 72) with cardiovascular risk factors consumed moderate amounts of berry or control products for 8 wk in a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. RESULTS: Berry consumption inhibited platelet function as measured with a platelet function analyzer (using collagen and ADP as platelet activator) [changes: 11% and -1.4% in the berry and control groups, respectively; P = 0.018, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)]. Plasma biomarkers of platelet activation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis did not change during the intervention. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased significantly more (P = 0.006, ANCOVA) in the berry than in the control group (5.2% and 0.6%, respectively), but total cholesterol and triacylglycerol remained unchanged. Systolic BP decreased significantly (P = 0.050, ANCOVA); the decrease mostly occurred in subjects with high baseline BP (7.3 mm Hg in highest tertile; P = 0.024, ANCOVA). Polyphenol and vitamin C concentrations in plasma increased, whereas other nutritional biomarkers (ie, folate, tocopherols, sodium, and potassium) were unaffected. CONCLUSION: The consumption of moderate amounts of berries resulted in favorable changes in platelet function, HDL cholesterol, and BP. The results indicate that regular consumption of berries may play a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. FAU - Erlund, Iris AU - Erlund I AD - Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. iris.erlund@ktl.fi FAU - Koli, Raika AU - Koli R FAU - Alfthan, Georg AU - Alfthan G FAU - Marniemi, Jukka AU - Marniemi J FAU - Puukka, Pauli AU - Puukka P FAU - Mustonen, Pirjo AU - Mustonen P FAU - Mattila, Pirjo AU - Mattila P FAU - Jula, Antti AU - Jula A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Biomarkers/*blood MH - Blood Coagulation MH - *Blood Platelets MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Cholesterol, HDL/*blood MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage MH - *Fruit MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Phenols/administration & dosage MH - Polyphenols EDAT- 2008/02/09 09:00 MHDA- 2008/03/26 09:00 CRDT- 2008/02/09 09:00 PHST- 2008/02/09 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/03/26 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/02/09 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(23)23478-4 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/87.2.323 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb;87(2):323-31. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.2.323. PMID- 18251071 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080206 LR - 20231213 IS - 1523-9004 (Print) IS - 1523-9004 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 10 DP - 2007 Oct TI - Small dietary changes yield big blood pressure benefits. Limit sodium, eat more veggies, and add modest amounts of soy nuts and dark chocolate to improve your heart health. PG - 5, 7 LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Heart Advis JT - Heart advisor JID - 9892190 RN - 0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary) MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Cacao MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy MH - Reference Values MH - Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage MH - Glycine max MH - Vegetables EDAT- 2008/02/07 09:00 MHDA- 2008/02/07 09:01 CRDT- 2008/02/07 09:00 PHST- 2008/02/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/02/07 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2008/02/07 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Heart Advis. 2007 Oct;10(10):5, 7. PMID- 18229406 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080130 LR - 20071204 IS - 0741-6245 (Print) IS - 0741-6245 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 11 DP - 2007 Nov TI - Dark chocolate: a nibble a day may lower blood pressure. PG - 4 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Mayo Clin Health Lett JT - Mayo Clinic health letter (English ed.) JID - 8507508 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) MH - *Cacao MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy EDAT- 2008/01/31 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/31 09:01 CRDT- 2008/01/31 09:00 PHST- 2008/01/31 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/31 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2008/01/31 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Mayo Clin Health Lett. 2007 Nov;25(11):4. PMID- 18210630 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080122 LR - 20071116 IS - 1051-5313 (Print) IS - 1051-5313 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 1 DP - 2007 Sep TI - A square of chocolate keeps the doctor away? PG - 6 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Harv Heart Lett JT - Harvard heart letter : from Harvard Medical School JID - 9425723 MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Humans EDAT- 2008/01/23 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/23 09:01 CRDT- 2008/01/23 09:00 PHST- 2008/01/23 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/23 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2008/01/23 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Harv Heart Lett. 2007 Sep;18(1):6. PMID- 17998043 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080129 LR - 20071113 IS - 0039-6257 (Print) IS - 0039-6257 (Linking) VI - 52 Suppl 2 DP - 2007 Nov TI - Is there more to glaucoma treatment than lowering IOP? PG - S174-9 AB - Classic glaucoma treatment focuses on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Better knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease has opened up new therapeutical approaches. Whereas most of these new avenues of treatment are still in the experimental phase, others, such as magnesium, gingko, salt and fludrocortisone, are already used by some physicians. Blood pressure dips can be avoided by intake of salt or fludrocortisone. Vascular regulation can be improved locally by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and systemically with magnesium or with low doses of calcium channel blockers. Experimentally, glaucomatous optic neuropathy can be prevented by inhibition of astrocyte activation, either by blockage of epidermal growth factor receptor or by counteracting endothelin. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy can also be prevented by nitric oxide-2 synthase inhibition. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibits apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and tissue remodeling. Upregulation of heat shock proteins protects the retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. Reduction of oxidative stress especially at the level of mitochondria also seems to be protective. This can be achieved by gingko; dark chocolate; polyphenolic flavonoids occurring in tea, coffee, or red wine; anthocyanosides found in bilberries; as well as by ubiquinone and melatonin. FAU - Mozaffarieh, Maneli AU - Mozaffarieh M AD - University Eye Clinic, Basel, Switzerland. FAU - Flammer, Josef AU - Flammer J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Surv Ophthalmol JT - Survey of ophthalmology JID - 0404551 RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) SB - IM MH - Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Glaucoma/*drug therapy MH - Humans MH - Intraocular Pressure/*drug effects RF - 68 EDAT- 2007/12/06 09:00 MHDA- 2008/01/30 09:00 CRDT- 2007/12/06 09:00 PHST- 2007/12/06 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/01/30 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/12/06 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0039-6257(07)00190-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.08.013 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Surv Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov;52 Suppl 2:S174-9. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.08.013. PMID- 17673887 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20071016 LR - 20211217 IS - 1524-6175 (Print) IS - 1751-7176 (Electronic) IS - 1524-6175 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 8 DP - 2007 Aug TI - Cocoa ingestion and hypertension-another cup please? PG - 647-8 FAU - Cohen, Debbie L AU - Cohen DL AD - Department of Medicine, Hypertension Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. FAU - Townsend, Raymond R AU - Townsend RR LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) JT - Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) JID - 100888554 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Flavonols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control MH - Malondialdehyde MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects PMC - PMC8109954 EDAT- 2007/08/04 09:00 MHDA- 2007/10/17 09:00 PMCR- 2007/07/30 CRDT- 2007/08/04 09:00 PHST- 2007/08/04 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/10/17 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/08/04 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2007/07/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - JCH7291 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.07291.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007 Aug;9(8):647-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.07291.x. PMID- 17642081 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070720 LR - 20161020 IS - 1052-1577 (Print) IS - 1052-1577 (Linking) VI - 32 IP - 8 DP - 2007 Jun TI - Cocoa beats tea. PG - 7 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Harv Health Lett JT - Harvard health letter JID - 9425764 RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) MH - Biflavonoids/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Catechin/pharmacology MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Flavonols/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Phenols/*pharmacology MH - Polyphenols MH - Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology MH - Tea/*chemistry EDAT- 2007/07/21 09:00 MHDA- 2007/07/21 09:01 CRDT- 2007/07/21 09:00 PHST- 2007/07/21 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/07/21 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2007/07/21 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Harv Health Lett. 2007 Jun;32(8):7. PMID- 17609490 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070706 LR - 20161017 IS - 1538-3598 (Electronic) IS - 0098-7484 (Linking) VI - 298 IP - 1 DP - 2007 Jul 4 TI - Effects of low habitual cocoa intake on blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide: a randomized controlled trial. PG - 49-60 AB - CONTEXT: Regular intake of cocoa-containing foods is linked to lower cardiovascular mortality in observational studies. Short-term interventions of at most 2 weeks indicate that high doses of cocoa can improve endothelial function and reduce blood pressure (BP) due to the action of the cocoa polyphenols, but the clinical effect of low habitual cocoa intake on BP and the underlying BP-lowering mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of low doses of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on BP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded, parallel-group trial involving 44 adults aged 56 through 73 years (24 women, 20 men) with untreated upper-range prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension without concomitant risk factors. The trial was conducted at a primary care clinic in Germany between January 2005 and December 2006. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to receive for 18 weeks either 6.3 g (30 kcal) per day of dark chocolate containing 30 mg of polyphenols or matching polyphenol-free white chocolate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measure was the change in BP after 18 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were changes in plasma markers of vasodilative nitric oxide (S-nitrosoglutathione) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane), and bioavailability of cocoa polyphenols. RESULTS: From baseline to 18 weeks, dark chocolate intake reduced mean (SD) systolic BP by -2.9 (1.6) mm Hg (P < .001) and diastolic BP by -1.9 (1.0) mm Hg (P < .001) without changes in body weight, plasma levels of lipids, glucose, and 8-isoprostane. Hypertension prevalence declined from 86% to 68%. The BP decrease was accompanied by a sustained increase of S-nitrosoglutathione by 0.23 (0.12) nmol/L (P < .001), and a dark chocolate dose resulted in the appearance of cocoa phenols in plasma. White chocolate intake caused no changes in BP or plasma biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Data in this relatively small sample of otherwise healthy individuals with above-optimal BP indicate that inclusion of small amounts of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate as part of a usual diet efficiently reduced BP and improved formation of vasodilative nitric oxide. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00421499. FAU - Taubert, Dirk AU - Taubert D AD - Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. dirk.taubert@medizin.uni-koeln.de FAU - Roesen, Renate AU - Roesen R FAU - Lehmann, Clara AU - Lehmann C FAU - Jung, Norma AU - Jung N FAU - Schomig, Edgar AU - Schomig E LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00421499 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - JAMA JT - JAMA JID - 7501160 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 27415-26-5 (8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 57564-91-7 (S-Nitrosoglutathione) RN - B7IN85G1HY (Dinoprost) SB - IM CIN - JAMA. 2007 Oct 24;298(16):1862-3; author reply 1863-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.16.1862-b. PMID: 17954536 MH - Aged MH - Beverages MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Candy MH - *Diet MH - Dinoprost/analogs & derivatives/blood MH - Female MH - Flavonoids MH - Humans MH - Hypertension MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress MH - Phenols MH - Polyphenols MH - S-Nitrosoglutathione/blood EDAT- 2007/07/05 09:00 MHDA- 2007/07/07 09:00 CRDT- 2007/07/05 09:00 PHST- 2007/07/05 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/07/07 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/07/05 09:00 [entrez] AID - 298/1/49 [pii] AID - 10.1001/jama.298.1.49 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - JAMA. 2007 Jul 4;298(1):49-60. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.1.49. PMID- 17493484 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070802 LR - 20161124 IS - 0002-9149 (Print) IS - 0002-9149 (Linking) VI - 99 IP - 10 DP - 2007 May 15 TI - Relation of habitual cocoa consumption to aortic stiffness and wave reflections, and to central hemodynamics in healthy individuals. PG - 1473-5 AB - The effect of habitual cocoa consumption on arterial stiffness and wave reflection indexes, as well as on peripheral and central blood pressure, was assessed in 198 healthy subjects. In conclusion, higher cocoa intake was an independent determinant of low arterial stiffness and wave reflection indexes and was also independently associated with significantly lower central (aortic) pulse pressure. FAU - Vlachopoulos, Charalambos V AU - Vlachopoulos CV AD - Peripheral Vessels Unit, 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. cvlachop@otenet.gr FAU - Alexopoulos, Nikolaos A AU - Alexopoulos NA FAU - Aznaouridis, Konstantinos A AU - Aznaouridis KA FAU - Ioakeimidis, Nikolaos C AU - Ioakeimidis NC FAU - Dima, Ioanna A AU - Dima IA FAU - Dagre, Anna AU - Dagre A FAU - Vasiliadou, Carmen AU - Vasiliadou C FAU - Stefanadi, Elli C AU - Stefanadi EC FAU - Stefanadis, Christodoulos I AU - Stefanadis CI LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20070405 PL - United States TA - Am J Cardiol JT - The American journal of cardiology JID - 0207277 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aortic Diseases/*physiopathology MH - *Beverages MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Blood Flow Velocity MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Carotid Artery, Common/physiopathology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Femoral Artery/physiopathology MH - Heart Rate MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - Observer Variation MH - Surveys and Questionnaires EDAT- 2007/05/12 09:00 MHDA- 2007/08/03 09:00 CRDT- 2007/05/12 09:00 PHST- 2006/10/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/12/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2006/12/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2007/05/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/08/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/05/12 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9149(07)00273-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.081 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Cardiol. 2007 May 15;99(10):1473-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.081. Epub 2007 Apr 5. PMID- 17420419 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070604 LR - 20071115 IS - 0003-9926 (Print) IS - 0003-9926 (Linking) VI - 167 IP - 7 DP - 2007 Apr 9 TI - Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. PG - 626-34 AB - BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests blood pressure-lowering effects of cocoa and tea. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure due to the intake of cocoa products or black and green tea. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched from 1966 until October 2006 for studies in parallel group or crossover design involving 10 or more adults in whom blood pressure was assessed before and after receiving cocoa products or black or green tea for at least 7 days. RESULTS: Five randomized controlled studies of cocoa administration involving a total of 173 subjects with a median duration of 2 weeks were included. After the cocoa diets, the pooled mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were -4.7 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], -7.6 to -1.8 mm Hg; P = .002) and -2.8 mm Hg (95% CI, -4.8 to -0.8 mm Hg; P = .006) lower, respectively, compared with the cocoa-free controls. Five studies of tea consumption involving a total of 343 subjects with a median duration of 4 weeks were selected. The tea intake had no significant effects on blood pressure. The estimated pooled changes were 0.4 mm Hg (95% CI, -1.3 to 2.2 mm Hg; P = .63) in systolic and -0.6 mm Hg (95% CI, -1.5 to 0.4 mm Hg; P = .38) in diastolic blood pressure compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Current randomized dietary studies indicate that consumption of foods rich in cocoa may reduce blood pressure, while tea intake appears to have no effect. FAU - Taubert, Dirk AU - Taubert D AD - Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. dirk.taubert@medizin.uni-koeln.de FAU - Roesen, Renate AU - Roesen R FAU - Schomig, Edgar AU - Schomig E LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PL - United States TA - Arch Intern Med JT - Archives of internal medicine JID - 0372440 RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Beverages MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Humans MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MH - *Tea EDAT- 2007/04/11 09:00 MHDA- 2007/06/05 09:00 CRDT- 2007/04/11 09:00 PHST- 2007/04/11 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/06/05 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/04/11 09:00 [entrez] AID - 167/7/626 [pii] AID - 10.1001/archinte.167.7.626 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Intern Med. 2007 Apr 9;167(7):626-34. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.7.626. PMID- 17252866 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070320 LR - 20190719 IS - 0029-6570 (Print) IS - 0029-6570 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 14-16 DP - 2006 Dec 13-2007 Jan 2 TI - Sweet solution? PG - 21-3 AB - Research has suggested that chocolate--at least the dark kind--has a number of potential health benefits. But chocolate has its downside too. FAU - Davis, Carol AU - Davis C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Nurs Stand JT - Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) JID - 9012906 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) MH - Antioxidants MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology/prevention & control MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - Humans MH - Insulin Resistance MH - *Nutritive Value MH - Risk Factors EDAT- 2007/01/27 09:00 MHDA- 2007/03/21 09:00 CRDT- 2007/01/27 09:00 PHST- 2007/01/27 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/03/21 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/01/27 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.7748/ns.21.16.21.s30 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nurs Stand. 2006 Dec 13-2007 Jan 2;21(14-16):21-3. doi: 10.7748/ns.21.16.21.s30. PMID- 17147918 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070612 LR - 20261011 IS - 1522-6417 (Print) IS - 1522-6417 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 3 DP - 2006 Jun TI - Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals: cocoa instead of ambrosia? PG - 205-11 AB - Cocoa has been consumed for at least 2500 years, and for long time it has been regarded as a medicine. Arterial function is of paramount importance for the proper function and integrity of the cardiovascular system. Dark chocolate and flavonoid-rich cocoa have beneficial acute and short-term effects on endothelial function and wave reflections in normal individuals, in adults with cardiovascular risk factors, and in patients with coronary artery disease. Furthermore, dark chocolate and flavonoid-rich cocoa may have a blood pressure-lowering effect. These effects can be attributed to flavonoids and are mainly mediated through increased nitric oxide bioavailability. Further research is needed to demonstrate whether these effects of chocolate on arterial function are translated into clinical benefit. FAU - Vlachopoulos, Charalambos AU - Vlachopoulos C AD - Hypertension Unit and Peripheral Vessels Unit, 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital 17, Kerassoundos Str., Athens 11528, Greece. cvlachop@otenet.gr FAU - Alexopoulos, Nikolaos AU - Alexopoulos N FAU - Stefanadis, Christodoulos AU - Stefanadis C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Curr Hypertens Rep JT - Current hypertension reports JID - 100888982 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) SB - IM MH - Ambrosia MH - Arteries/*drug effects/physiology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/metabolism/physiopathology/prevention & control MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiopathology MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Risk Factors MH - Vascular Resistance/drug effects RF - 50 EDAT- 2006/12/07 09:00 MHDA- 2007/06/15 09:00 CRDT- 2006/12/07 09:00 PHST- 2006/12/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/06/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/12/07 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11906-006-0052-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Curr Hypertens Rep. 2006 Jun;8(3):205-11. doi: 10.1007/s11906-006-0052-5. PMID- 17126666 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070216 LR - 20220331 IS - 0002-9149 (Print) IS - 0002-9149 (Linking) VI - 98 IP - 11 DP - 2006 Dec 1 TI - Effects of acute administration of caffeine on vascular function. PG - 1538-41 AB - Caffeine is the most widely used pharmacologic substance in the world. It is found in common nonessential grocery items (e.g., coffee, tea, cocoa, and chocolate). The effects of caffeine on cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, remain controversial, and there is little information on its direct effect on vascular function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine on endothelial function in humans. This study was a double-blind, randomized placebo and active drug study. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator, were evaluated in healthy young men before and after the oral administration of caffeine 300 mg (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). FBF was measured by using a strain-gauge plethysmograph. Caffeine significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures by 6.0 +/- 6.0 and 2.6 +/- 3.1 mm Hg (p <0.05), respectively, but did not alter heart rate or baseline FBF. Caffeine augmented the FBF responses to ACh from 21.2 +/- 7.1 to 26.6 +/- 8.1 ml/min/100 ml tissue (p <0.05), whereas sodium nitroprusside-stimulated vasodilation was not altered by caffeine administration. The intra-arterial infusion of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, abolished the caffeine-induced augmentation of FBF response to ACh. In the placebo group, the ACh- and sodium nitroprusside-stimulated vasodilation was similar before and after the follow-up period. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the acute administration of caffeine augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy young men through an increase in nitric oxide production. FAU - Umemura, Takashi AU - Umemura T AD - Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. FAU - Ueda, Keiko AU - Ueda K FAU - Nishioka, Kenji AU - Nishioka K FAU - Hidaka, Takayuki AU - Hidaka T FAU - Takemoto, Hiroaki AU - Takemoto H FAU - Nakamura, Shuji AU - Nakamura S FAU - Jitsuiki, Daisuke AU - Jitsuiki D FAU - Soga, Junko AU - Soga J FAU - Goto, Chikara AU - Goto C FAU - Chayama, Kazuaki AU - Chayama K FAU - Yoshizumi, Masao AU - Yoshizumi M FAU - Higashi, Yukihito AU - Higashi Y LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20061016 PL - United States TA - Am J Cardiol JT - The American journal of cardiology JID - 0207277 RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Vasodilator Agents) RN - 169D1260KM (Nitroprusside) RN - 27JT06E6GR (omega-N-Methylarginine) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) RN - N9YNS0M02X (Acetylcholine) SB - IM MH - Acetylcholine MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Caffeine/*administration & dosage MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Forearm/blood supply MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nitroprusside MH - Plethysmography MH - Vasodilation/*drug effects MH - Vasodilator Agents MH - omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology EDAT- 2006/11/28 09:00 MHDA- 2007/02/17 09:00 CRDT- 2006/11/28 09:00 PHST- 2006/03/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/06/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2006/06/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/11/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/02/17 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/11/28 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9149(06)01647-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.058 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Cardiol. 2006 Dec 1;98(11):1538-41. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.058. Epub 2006 Oct 16. PMID- 17040567 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070828 LR - 20181113 IS - 1746-4269 (Electronic) IS - 1746-4269 (Linking) VI - 2 DP - 2006 Oct 13 TI - Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus. PG - 45 AB - BACKGROUND: This paper is based on ethnobotanical interviews conducted from 1996-2000 in Trinidad and Tobago with thirty male and female respondents. METHODS: A non-experimental validation was conducted on the plants used for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus: This is a preliminary step to establish that the plants used are safe or effective, to help direct clinical trials, and to inform Caribbean physicians of the plants' known properties to avoid counter-prescribing. RESULTS: The following plants are used to treat diabetes: Antigonon leptopus, Bidens alba, Bidens pilosa, Bixa orellana, Bontia daphnoides, Carica papaya, Catharanthus roseus, Cocos nucifera, Gomphrena globosa, Laportea aestuans, Momordica charantia, Morus alba, Phyllanthus urinaria and Spiranthes acaulis. Apium graviolens is used as a heart tonic and for low blood pressure. Bixa orellana, Bontia daphnoides, Cuscuta americana and Gomphrena globosa are used for jaundice. The following plants are used for hypertension: Aloe vera, Annona muricata, Artocarpus altilis, Bixa orellana, Bidens alba, Bidens pilosa, Bonta daphnoides, Carica papaya, Cecropia peltata, Citrus paradisi, Cola nitida, Crescentia cujete, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Kalanchoe pinnata, Morus alba, Nopalea cochinellifera, Ocimum campechianum, Passiflora quadrangularis, Persea americana and Tamarindus indicus. The plants used for kidney problems are Theobroma cacao, Chamaesyce hirta, Flemingia strobilifera, Peperomia rotundifolia, Petiveria alliacea, Nopalea cochinellifera, Apium graveolens, Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica, Gomphrena globosa, Pityrogramma calomelanos and Vetiveria zizanioides. Plants are also used for gall stones and for cooling. CONCLUSION: Chamaesyce hirta, Cissus verticillata, Kalanchoe pinnata, Peperomia spp., Portulaca oleraceae, Scoparia dulcis, and Zea mays have sufficient evidence to support their traditional use for urinary problems, "cooling" and high cholesterol. Eggplant extract as a hypocholesterolemic agent has some support but needs more study. The plants used for hypertension, jaundice and diabetes that may be safe and justify more formal evaluation are Annona squamosa, Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, Bidens alba, Carica papaya, Catharanthus roseus, Cecropia peltata, Citrus paradisi, Hibsicus sabdariffa, Momordica charantia, Morus alba, Persea americana, Phyllanthus urinaria, Tamarindus indicus and Tournefortia hirsutissima. Several of the plants are used for more than one condition and further trials should take this into account. FAU - Lans, Cheryl A AU - Lans CA AD - BCICS, University of Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada. cher2lans@netscape.net LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20061013 PL - England TA - J Ethnobiol Ethnomed JT - Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine JID - 101245794 RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) SB - IM MH - Diabetes Mellitus/*drug therapy MH - Ethnobotany MH - Humans MH - *Medicine, Traditional MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Preparations/*therapeutic use MH - Plants, Medicinal/classification MH - Trinidad and Tobago MH - Urologic Diseases/*drug therapy PMC - PMC1624823 EDAT- 2006/10/17 09:00 MHDA- 2007/08/29 09:00 PMCR- 2006/10/13 CRDT- 2006/10/17 09:00 PHST- 2006/08/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/10/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/10/17 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/08/29 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/10/17 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2006/10/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1746-4269-2-45 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1746-4269-2-45 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2006 Oct 13;2:45. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-2-45. PMID- 17032011 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061201 LR - 20131121 IS - 0021-8561 (Print) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 21 DP - 2006 Oct 18 TI - Chocolate is a powerful ex vivo and in vivo antioxidant, an antiatherosclerotic agent in an animal model, and a significant contributor to antioxidants in the European and American Diets. PG - 8071-6 AB - Chocolate today is often viewed as a food or snack with little nutritional value. The high saturated fat content of chocolate has also contributed to the belief that its consumption increases the risk of heart disease. However, recent human studies have proven that chocolate has beneficial effects on some pathogenic mechanisms of heart disease such as endothelial function and blood pressure. Although the antioxidant properties of chocolate have been known for some time, there has been no examination of its place in the U.S. diet as a source of antioxidants. This paper demonstrates that chocolate makes a significant contribution to U.S. per capita dietary antioxidants and by inference the European Community's. In the U.S. diet chocolate is the third highest daily per capita antioxidant source. An ex vivo study shows that epicatechin, a major polyphenol in chocolate and chocolate extracts, is a powerful inhibitor of plasma lipid oxidation due to polyphenols' ability to bind to lower density lipoproteins. Conversely, the fat from chocolate alone is a pro-oxidant in this model. This is also demonstrated in an in vivo human study. After consumption of dark chocolate and cocoa powder, the lower density lipoproteins isolated from plasma were protected from oxidation compared to the lipoproteins isolated after cocoa butter consumption, which were put under oxidative stress. In an animal model of atherosclerosis, cocoa powder at a human dose equivalent of two dark chocolate bars per day significantly inhibited atherosclerosis, lowered cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, raised high-density lipoprotein, and protected the lower density lipoproteins from oxidation. Chocolate has thus been shown to have potential beneficial effects with respect to heart disease. FAU - Vinson, Joe A AU - Vinson JA AD - Department of Chemistry, Loyola Hall, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA. vinson@scranton.edu FAU - Proch, John AU - Proch J FAU - Bose, Pratima AU - Bose P FAU - Muchler, Sean AU - Muchler S FAU - Taffera, Pamela AU - Taffera P FAU - Shuta, Donna AU - Shuta D FAU - Samman, Najwa AU - Samman N FAU - Agbor, Gabriel A AU - Agbor GA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*analysis MH - Atherosclerosis/*prevention & control MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Catechin/blood/pharmacology MH - Cricetinae MH - *Diet MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Europe MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Mesocricetus MH - Middle Aged MH - Phenols/analysis MH - United States EDAT- 2006/10/13 09:00 MHDA- 2006/12/09 09:00 CRDT- 2006/10/13 09:00 PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/12/09 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/jf062175j [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Oct 18;54(21):8071-6. doi: 10.1021/jf062175j. PMID- 16877960 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070515 LR - 20131121 IS - 0263-6352 (Print) IS - 0263-6352 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 8 DP - 2006 Aug TI - Aging and vascular responses to flavanol-rich cocoa. PG - 1575-80 AB - OBJECTIVES: Strong evidence has secured aging as a powerful predictor of both cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction, yet specific treatment is not available. We tested the hypothesis that vascular responsiveness to flavanol-rich cocoa increases with advancing age. We have previously shown that flavanol-rich cocoa induced peripheral vasodilation, improving endothelial function via a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. METHODS: We studied blood pressure and peripheral arterial responses to several days of cocoa in 15 young (< 50 years) and 19 older (> 50) healthy subjects. RESULTS: The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) induced significant pressor responses following cocoa administration only among the older subjects: systolic blood pressure (SBP) rose 13 +/- 4 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 6 +/- 2 mmHg (P = 0.008 and 0.047, respectively); SBP was significantly higher in the older subjects (P < 0.05). Flow-mediated vasodilation, measured by tonometry in the finger, was enhanced with flavanol-rich cocoa in both groups, but significantly more so among the old (P = 0.01). Finally, basal pulse wave amplitude (PWA) followed a similar pattern. Four to six days of flavanol-rich cocoa caused a rise in PWA in both groups. At peak vasodilation following acute cocoa intake on the final day, both groups showed a further, significant rise in PWA. The response in the older subjects was more robust; P < 0.05. L-NAME significantly reversed dilation in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Flavanol-rich cocoa enhanced several measures of endothelial function to a greater degree among older than younger healthy subjects. Our data suggest that the NO-dependent vascular effects of flavanol-rich cocoa may be greater among older people, in whom endothelial function is more disturbed. FAU - Fisher, Naomi D L AU - Fisher ND AD - Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. nfisher@partners.org FAU - Hollenberg, Norman K AU - Hollenberg NK LA - eng GR - R03AG023896/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Netherlands TA - J Hypertens JT - Journal of hypertension JID - 8306882 RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) SB - IM CIN - J Hypertens. 2006 Aug;24(8):1471-4. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000239279.82196.ec. PMID: 16877946 MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aging/*drug effects/*physiology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Blood Volume/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/*physiology MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Female MH - Fingers/blood supply MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Manometry MH - Middle Aged MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors MH - Pulsatile Flow/drug effects MH - Reference Values MH - Regional Blood Flow/drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects EDAT- 2006/08/01 09:00 MHDA- 2007/05/16 09:00 CRDT- 2006/08/01 09:00 PHST- 2006/08/01 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/05/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/08/01 09:00 [entrez] AID - 00004872-200608000-00017 [pii] AID - 10.1097/01.hjh.0000239293.40507.2a [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Hypertens. 2006 Aug;24(8):1575-80. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000239293.40507.2a. PMID- 16794463 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061109 LR - 20260128 IS - 0160-2446 (Print) IS - 0160-2446 (Linking) VI - 47 Suppl 2 DP - 2006 TI - Vascular action of cocoa flavanols in humans: the roots of the story. PG - S99-102; discussion S119-21 AB - Diet patterns are widely recognized as contributors to hypertension. Widely studied potential contributors include intake of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, soluble fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, alcohol, protein, and calories. We add to that list the effect of dietary flavanols present in certain cocoas, which have sufficient activity on vascular nitric oxide to influence blood pressure control. Kuna Indians who live on islands near Panama have little age-related rise in blood pressure or hypertension. On migration to Panama City, blood pressure rises with age, and the frequency of essential hypertension matches urban levels elsewhere. We have identified a specific food that probably makes an important contribution to cardiovascular status. Island-dwelling Kuna drink more than 5 cups of flavanol-rich cocoa per day and incorporate that cocoa into many recipes. Mainland Kuna ingest little cocoa, and what they take is commercially available and flavanol-poor. The flavanol-rich cocoa activates nitric oxide synthase in vitro and in intact humans in the doses that the Kuna employ. Vasodilator responses to flavonoid-rich cocoa are prevented or reversed by the arginine analog, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Island-dwelling Kuna have a 3-fold larger urinary nitrate:nitrite than do Mainland dwellers. As endothelial dysfunction is central to current thinking on cardiovascular pathophysiology, a food that enhances endothelial function could have broad implications. The list of candidate conditions that might be influenced is impressive, ranging from atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus to hypertension and preeclampsia, to vascular dementias and end-stage renal disease. The next decade will be interesting. FAU - K Hollenberg, Norman AU - K Hollenberg N AD - Department of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. djpagecapo@rics.bwh.harvard.edu LA - eng GR - 1 P50 ML53000-01/PHS HHS/United States GR - M01RR026376/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 HL-076909/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol JT - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology JID - 7902492 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) SB - IM MH - Aging MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology MH - Blood Vessels/drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Enzyme Activation MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*prevention & control MH - Indians, Central American MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism MH - Panama/ethnology EDAT- 2006/06/24 09:00 MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00 CRDT- 2006/06/24 09:00 PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - 00005344-200606001-00002 [pii] AID - 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S99-102; discussion S119-21. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00002. PMID- 16794460 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061109 LR - 20190724 IS - 0160-2446 (Print) IS - 0160-2446 (Linking) VI - 47 Suppl 2 DP - 2006 TI - Cocoa flavanols and brain perfusion. PG - S210-4 AB - Foods and beverages rich in flavonoids are being heralded as potential preventive agents for a range of pathologic conditions, ranging from hypertension to coronary heart disease to stroke and dementia. We and others have demonstrated that short-term ingestion of cocoa, particularly rich in the subclass of flavonoids known as flavanols, induced a consistent and striking peripheral vasodilation in healthy people, improving endothelial function in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. The vasodilator response was reversed by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an arginine analog that blocks nitric oxide synthesis. Flavanol-poor cocoa induced much smaller responses. Because impairment of endothelial function is a nearly universal accompaniment of the aging process, we examined the peripheral vasodilator response to flavanol-rich cocoa in healthy older subjects. Observations point to a favorable response among the older. Together with peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease is responsible for significant mortality with advancing age. An association of decreased cerebral perfusion with dementia has been recently highlighted. The prospect of increasing cerebral perfusion with cocoa flavanols is extremely promising. Our still preliminary data hold out the promise that the cerebral blood supply in the elderly participates in the vasodilator response. With the modalities of transcranial Doppler and MRI, we have the capabilities of analyzing the potential benefits of flavanols on brain perfusion and, subsequently, on cognition. FAU - Fisher, Naomi D L AU - Fisher ND AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nfisher@partners.org FAU - Sorond, Farzaneh A AU - Sorond FA FAU - Hollenberg, Norman K AU - Hollenberg NK LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol JT - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology JID - 7902492 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) SB - IM CIN - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S221-3. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00019. PMID: 16794462 MH - Aged MH - Aging MH - Beverages MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/*drug effects MH - Dementia, Vascular/physiopathology MH - Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Middle Aged MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology MH - Nitric Oxide/pharmacology MH - Vasodilation/drug effects EDAT- 2006/06/24 09:00 MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00 CRDT- 2006/06/24 09:00 PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - 00005344-200606001-00017 [pii] AID - 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00017 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S210-4. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00017. PMID- 16794452 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061109 LR - 20190724 IS - 0160-2446 (Print) IS - 0160-2446 (Linking) VI - 47 Suppl 2 DP - 2006 TI - Microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction: emerging targets for primary prevention of end-organ damage. PG - S151-62; discussion S172-6 AB - A minor increase in urinary albumin excretion (microalbuminuria) is known to predict adverse renal and cardiovascular events in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Recent intriguing findings show that microalbuminuria is an early and sensitive marker of future cardiovascular events even in healthy subjects. The mechanisms linking microalbuminuria with end-organ damage have not been fully explained yet; however, generalized endothelial dysfunction might play an important role. Prevailing experimental and clinical data suggest that generalized endothelial dysfunction, frequently characterized by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, actually precedes the development of microalbuminuria. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the intricate relationship between microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction. On the basis of the current evidence, we propose that microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction are an emerging target for primary prevention strategies in cardiovascular disease. In near future, dietary components improving nitric oxide bioavailability, such as cocoa-derived flavanols may play important role in these preventive strategies. FAU - Ochodnicky, Peter AU - Ochodnicky P AD - Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen and Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, the Netherlands. p.ochodnicky@med.umcg.nl FAU - Henning, Robert H AU - Henning RH FAU - van Dokkum, Richard P E AU - van Dokkum RP FAU - de Zeeuw, Dick AU - de Zeeuw D LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol JT - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology JID - 7902492 RN - 0 (Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists) RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (von Willebrand Factor) SB - IM MH - Albuminuria/complications/drug therapy MH - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use MH - Animals MH - Biomarkers/analysis MH - Capillary Permeability MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology MH - Diet MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*physiopathology MH - Flavonoids/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Kidney Failure, Chronic/*prevention & control MH - Primary Prevention/methods MH - Prognosis MH - Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects MH - Vasodilation MH - von Willebrand Factor/analysis RF - 129 EDAT- 2006/06/24 09:00 MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00 CRDT- 2006/06/24 09:00 PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - 00005344-200606001-00009 [pii] AID - 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S151-62; discussion S172-6. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00009. PMID- 16794451 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061109 LR - 20231213 IS - 0160-2446 (Print) IS - 0160-2446 (Linking) VI - 47 Suppl 2 DP - 2006 TI - Protection of endothelial function: targets for nutritional and pharmacological interventions. PG - S136-50; discussion S172-6 AB - The vascular endothelium synthesizes and releases a spectrum of vasoactive substances and therefore plays a fundamental role in the basal and dynamic regulation of the circulation. Nitric oxide (NO)-originally described as endothelium-derived relaxing factor-is released from endothelial cells in response to shear stress produced by blood flow, and in response to activation of a variety of receptors. After diffusion from endothelial to vascular smooth muscle cells, NO increases intracellular cyclic guanosine-monophosphate concentrations by activation of the enzyme guanylate cyclase leading to relaxation of the smooth muscle cells. NO has also antithrombogenic, antiproliferative, leukocyte-adhesion inhibiting effects, and influences myocardial contractility. Endothelium-derived NO-mediated vascular relaxation is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive animals. NO decomposition by free oxygen radicals is a major mechanism of impaired NO bioavailability. The resulting imbalance of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting substances disturbs the normal function of the vascular endothelium. Endothelin acts as the natural counterpart to endothelium-derived NO. Besides its arterial blood pressure rising effect in humans, endothelin-1 induces vascular and myocardial hypertrophy, which are independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic strategies concentrate mainly on lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an impressive reduction in the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been achieved. Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in vascular disease and inflammatory plasma markers correlate with prognosis. The production of reactive oxygen species under pathological conditions may represent an important inflammatory trigger. Novel therapeutic strategies specifically targeting inflammation thus bear great potential for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease. In this context, the vascular actions of flavanol-rich cocoa, particularly with regard to enhanced NO synthesis and endothelial function observed in humans following consumption, warrants further attention. This review discusses pharmacological and dietary intervention. FAU - Sudano, Isabella AU - Sudano I AD - Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology, University Hospital and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland. FAU - Spieker, Lukas E AU - Spieker LE FAU - Hermann, Frank AU - Hermann F FAU - Flammer, Andreas AU - Flammer A FAU - Corti, Roberto AU - Corti R FAU - Noll, Georg AU - Noll G FAU - Luscher, Thomas F AU - Luscher TF LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol JT - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology JID - 7902492 RN - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists) RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Calcium Channel Blockers) RN - 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Endothelin-1) RN - 0 (Endothelins) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, HDL) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - 0 (Biopterins) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 94ZLA3W45F (Arginine) RN - EGX657432I (sapropterin) SB - IM MH - Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Arginine/metabolism MH - Atherosclerosis/physiopathology MH - Biopterins/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology MH - Cacao MH - Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology MH - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Dyslipidemias/physiopathology MH - Endothelin-1/physiology MH - Endothelins/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/*physiology MH - Flavonoids/pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology MH - Hypercholesterolemia/physiopathology MH - Lipoproteins, HDL/physiology MH - Nitric Oxide/*physiology MH - Oxidative Stress MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism RF - 134 EDAT- 2006/06/24 09:00 MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00 CRDT- 2006/06/24 09:00 PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - 00005344-200606001-00008 [pii] AID - 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S136-50; discussion S172-6. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00008. PMID- 16794446 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061109 LR - 20260128 IS - 0160-2446 (Print) IS - 0160-2446 (Linking) VI - 47 Suppl 2 DP - 2006 TI - Hypertension, the Kuna, and the epidemiology of flavanols. PG - S103-9; discussion 119-21 AB - A low sodium diet has often been implicated in the protection of low blood pressure populations from hypertension, but several other dietary factors, including those as yet unidentified, may also be involved. The Kuna Indians of Panama are free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but this is changing with migration to urban areas. We compared the indigenous diet of Kuna Indians living on remote islands in Panama (Ailigandi), whose lifestyle is largely hunter-gatherer, with those who have moved to a suburb of Panama City (Vera Cruz). Between April and October 1999, members of a Kuna research team administered a 118-item food frequency questionnaire to133 adult Kuna from Ailigandi and 183 from Vera Cruz. Single 24-hour urine collections and nonfasting blood samples were obtained. The Kuna in Ailigandi reported consuming a 10-fold higher amount of cocoa-containing beverages, 4 times the amount of fish, and twice the amount of fruit as urban Kuna (P<0.05 by t test). Salt added was ample among those living in Ailigandi and Vera Cruz according to both self-report (7.1+/-1.1 and 4.6+/-0.3 tsp weekly) and urinary sodium levels (177+/-9 and 160+/-7 mEq Na/g creatinine), respectively. The low blood pressure of island-dwelling Kuna does not seem to be related to a low salt diet. Among dietary factors that varied among migrating Kuna, the notably higher intake of flavanol-rich cocoa is a potential candidate for further study. FAU - McCullough, Marjorie L AU - McCullough ML AD - Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30309-4251, USA. marji.mccullough@cancer.org FAU - Chevaux, Kati AU - Chevaux K FAU - Jackson, Lilian AU - Jackson L FAU - Preston, Mack AU - Preston M FAU - Martinez, Gregorio AU - Martinez G FAU - Schmitz, Harold H AU - Schmitz HH FAU - Coletti, Caroline AU - Coletti C FAU - Campos, Hannia AU - Campos H FAU - Hollenberg, Norman K AU - Hollenberg NK LA - eng GR - 1 P50ML53000-01/PHS HHS/United States GR - 1 R01 DK54668-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - M01RR026376/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 HL-07609/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol JT - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology JID - 7902492 RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 0 (Sodium, Dietary) RN - 35HDD3NRIE (flavan-3-ol) RN - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - *Acculturation MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Beverages MH - Biflavonoids/administration & dosage MH - *Cacao MH - Catechin/administration & dosage MH - *Diet MH - Diet Surveys MH - Female MH - Fishes MH - *Flavonoids/administration & dosage MH - Fruit MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*etiology MH - *Indians, Central American MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Panama MH - Proanthocyanidins/administration & dosage MH - Sodium, Dietary/administration & dosage MH - Vegetables EDAT- 2006/06/24 09:00 MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00 CRDT- 2006/06/24 09:00 PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [entrez] AID - 00005344-200606001-00003 [pii] AID - 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S103-9; discussion 119-21. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00003. PMID- 16781516 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060725 LR - 20060619 IS - 1550-8307 (Print) IS - 1550-8307 (Linking) VI - 1 IP - 2 DP - 2005 Mar TI - Rx: chocolate. PG - 136-9 FAU - Lee, Roberta AU - Lee R AD - Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, USA. FAU - Balick, Michael AU - Balick M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Explore (NY) JT - Explore (New York, N.Y.) JID - 101233160 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/*therapeutic use MH - Attitude of Health Personnel MH - *Cacao MH - Flavonoids/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/therapeutic use RF - 16 EDAT- 2006/06/20 09:00 MHDA- 2006/07/26 09:00 CRDT- 2006/06/20 09:00 PHST- 2006/06/20 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/07/26 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/06/20 09:00 [entrez] AID - S1550-8307(04)00025-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.explore.2004.12.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Explore (NY). 2005 Mar;1(2):136-9. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2004.12.011. PMID- 16635172 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060912 LR - 20191210 IS - 1328-8067 (Print) IS - 1328-8067 (Linking) VI - 48 IP - 2 DP - 2006 Apr TI - The effects of television food advertisement on children's food purchasing requests. PG - 138-45 AB - BACKGROUND: Children's eating habits and their food consumption have direct relations with obesity, diabetes, cancers, hypertension and coronary heart disease. Television advertisements directly affect children's eating habits and their food consumption. This study was conducted in order to examine television advertisements and children's food consumption while watching television and their desire to purchase goods that they see on television advertisements. METHODS: In the first stage of the study, content analysis of the television advertisements was conducted. In the second stage of the study, a questionnaire (check list) was developed in order to examine children's food consumption while watching television and their purchasing requests while shopping in the supermarket. It was given to 347 mothers who have children aged between 3 and 8 years. RESULTS: When the results of the study were examined it was found that the time devoted to children's programs was approximately 121 min and the advertisements during this period were approximately 35 min. A total of 344 of the 775 television advertisements shown were related to food. It was also found that most of the food advertisements were about candy/chocolate, chips, milk and milk products such as cheese, yoghurt, and breakfast cereals. The results also revealed that 89.6% of the children either drank or ate something while watching television and the food they consumed most while watching television were fruits, soft drinks, popcorn/nuts, cake, chips and candy/chocolate. The results also revealed that 40.3% of the children asked their parents to purchase the goods that they saw on the television advertisements and that 8.9% of them argued with their parents and/or cried in order for their parents to buy that particular product. It was found that the children tended to request more sweetened products such as candy, ice-cream, biscuit, cake or soft drinks. CONCLUSION: More than half of the food presented in television advertisements were rich in fat and sugar. Children ask their parents to buy the goods they see on television advertisements both while watching television and while shopping. Television advertisements especially affect young children's unhealthy food consumption. FAU - Aktas Arnas, Yasare AU - Aktas Arnas Y AD - Cukurova University, Faculty of Education, Subdepartment of Kindergarden Teacher Training, Adana, Turkey. yasare@cu.edu.tr LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Australia TA - Pediatr Int JT - Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society JID - 100886002 SB - IM MH - *Advertising MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - *Choice Behavior MH - Female MH - *Food Preferences MH - Health Behavior MH - Humans MH - Leisure Activities MH - Male MH - *Television EDAT- 2006/04/26 09:00 MHDA- 2006/09/13 09:00 CRDT- 2006/04/26 09:00 PHST- 2006/04/26 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/09/13 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/04/26 09:00 [entrez] AID - PED [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02180.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pediatr Int. 2006 Apr;48(2):138-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02180.x. PMID- 16572598 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060417 LR - 20190214 IS - 0029-6643 (Print) IS - 0029-6643 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 3 DP - 2006 Mar TI - The emerging role of flavonoid-rich cocoa and chocolate in cardiovascular health and disease. PG - 109-18 AB - Cocoa and chocolate have recently been found to be rich plant-derived sources of antioxidant flavonoids with beneficial cardiovascular properties. These favorable physiological effects include: antioxidant activity, vasodilation and blood pressure reduction, inhibition of platelet activity, and decreased inflammation. Increasing evidence from experimental and clinical studies using cocoa-derived products and chocolate suggest an important role for these high-flavanol-containing foods in heart and vascular protection. FAU - Engler, Mary B AU - Engler MB AD - Department of Physiological Nursing, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0610, USA. mary.engler@nursing.ucsf.edu FAU - Engler, Marguerite M AU - Engler MM LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Nutr Rev JT - Nutrition reviews JID - 0376405 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Flavonoids/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use MH - *Food, Organic MH - Humans MH - Platelet Activation/drug effects MH - Vasodilation/drug effects RF - 70 EDAT- 2006/04/01 09:00 MHDA- 2006/04/18 09:00 CRDT- 2006/04/01 09:00 PHST- 2006/04/01 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/04/18 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/04/01 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00194.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Rev. 2006 Mar;64(3):109-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00194.x. PMID- 16570236 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060726 LR - 20260128 IS - 0947-7349 (Print) IS - 0947-7349 (Linking) VI - 114 IP - 2 DP - 2006 Feb TI - Continuous glucose monitoring -- a novel approach to the determination of the glycaemic index of foods (DEGIF 1) -- determination of the glycaemic index of foods by means of the CGMS. PG - 68-74 AB - The glycaemic index (GI) is a measure of the food power to raise plasma glucose (PG) concentration after a meal. For its determination, classical methods register the development of glucose concentration in capillary plasma or whole blood. The aim of this prospective open-label trial was to compare the GI of selected foods obtained by means of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) (Minimed Medtronic, Northridge, USA) which has not been applied for this purpose until now, with the respective GI determined by a conventional method using the Glucometer Advance System (GAS) (Hypoguard, Woodbridge, United Kingdom), and to assess the advantages of each approach. METHODS: Portions of tested foods containing 50 g of carbohydrates were eaten for breakfast and for dinner after 10 and 4 h fast, respectively, by 20 healthy volunteers. Using GAS, PG-curves were constructed from 9 PG values at time 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min after the meal, and, using CGMS, from 25 values of interstitial fluid glucose concentration (ISFG) stored within 120 min in 5-minute intervals in CGMS memory. The GI was calculated (for GAS and CGMS separately) by dividing the incremental area under the curve for the tested food by the average area of 3 tests performed with the standard. Having excluded tests with missing glucose values, there remained 285 GAS- and 290 CGMS tests for further analysis. In each volunteer, each food was tested 3 times within one week so that 1 to 3 GI's were obtained and averaged. The GI for each tested food was calculated as the mean from the respective average GI's of 20 volunteers. The GI-variability was assessed according to the respective SD. The preference of GAS vs. CGMS in the persons tested was explored by means of a questionnaire. MS Excel and the statistical program SPSS v. 10.1 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The GI values (mean +/- SD) measured by GAS/CGMS were for dark chocolate 43.6 +/- 22.13 %/44.0 +/- 21.71 % (p > 0.01); for apple baby food 46.1 +/- 21.38 %/53.8 +/- 37.69 % (p > 0.01); for puffed rice squares 76.5 +/- 20.24 %/76.9 +/- 27.62 % (p > 0.01); for yogurt 43.2 +/- 20.17 %/37.7 +/- 21.55 % (p > 0.01). The GI's of dark chocolate, apple baby food and yogurt, determined by either method, were significantly lower than the GI of puffed rice squares (p < 0.01). CGMS was preferred by 12 of 20 volunteers (60 %). CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference could be seen between the GI's determined by conventional method (GAS) and by CGMS (p > 0.01). The method with CGMS is reliable and comfortable for both tested persons and investigators. Hence, it appears to become a sophisticated approach to determine the GI. FAU - Chlup, R AU - Chlup R AD - Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. rudolf.chlup@fnol.cz FAU - Jelenova, D AU - Jelenova D FAU - Kudlova, P AU - Kudlova P FAU - Chlupova, K AU - Chlupova K FAU - Bartek, J AU - Bartek J FAU - Zapletalova, J AU - Zapletalova J FAU - Langova, K AU - Langova K FAU - Chlupova, L AU - Chlupova L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Germany TA - Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes JT - Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association JID - 9505926 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (C-Peptide) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin) RN - 0 (Insulin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Glucose/*metabolism MH - Blood Pressure MH - Body Mass Index MH - C-Peptide/blood MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - *Diet MH - *Diet, Diabetic MH - Female MH - Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis MH - *Glycemic Index MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Male MH - Monitoring, Ambulatory MH - Postprandial Period MH - Reference Values EDAT- 2006/03/30 09:00 MHDA- 2006/07/27 09:00 CRDT- 2006/03/30 09:00 PHST- 2006/03/30 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/07/27 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/03/30 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1055/s-2006-923806 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006 Feb;114(2):68-74. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-923806. PMID- 16505260 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060404 LR - 20220318 IS - 0003-9926 (Print) IS - 0003-9926 (Linking) VI - 166 IP - 4 DP - 2006 Feb 27 TI - Cocoa intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular mortality: the Zutphen Elderly Study. PG - 411-7 AB - BACKGROUND: Small, short-term, intervention studies indicate that cocoa-containing foods improve endothelial function and reduce blood pressure. We studied whether habitual cocoa intake was cross-sectionally related to blood pressure and prospectively related with cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: Data used were of 470 elderly men participating in the Zutphen Elderly Study and free of chronic diseases at baseline. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and 5 years later, and causes of death were ascertained during 15 years of follow-up. Habitual food consumption was assessed by the cross-check dietary history method in 1985, 1990, and 1995. Cocoa intake was estimated from the consumption of cocoa-containing foods. RESULTS: One third of the men did not use cocoa at baseline. The median cocoa intake among users was 2.11 g/d. After adjustment, the mean systolic blood pressure in the highest tertile of cocoa intake was 3.7 mm Hg lower (95% confidence interval [CI], -7.1 to -0.3 mm Hg; P = .03 for trend) and the mean diastolic blood pressure was 2.1 mm Hg lower (95% CI, -4.0 to -0.2 mm Hg; P = .03 for trend) compared with the lowest tertile. During follow-up, 314 men died, 152 of cardiovascular diseases. Compared with the lowest tertile of cocoa intake, the adjusted relative risk for men in the highest tertile was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.32-0.78; P = .004 for trend) for cardiovascular mortality and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.39-0.72; P < .001) for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of elderly men, cocoa intake is inversely associated with blood pressure and 15-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. FAU - Buijsse, Brian AU - Buijsse B AD - Center for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, and Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. brian.buijsse@rivm.nl FAU - Feskens, Edith J M AU - Feskens EJ FAU - Kok, Frans J AU - Kok FJ FAU - Kromhout, Daan AU - Kromhout D LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Arch Intern Med JT - Archives of internal medicine JID - 0372440 SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Beverages MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*mortality MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Netherlands MH - Prospective Studies EDAT- 2006/03/01 09:00 MHDA- 2006/04/06 09:00 CRDT- 2006/03/01 09:00 PHST- 2006/03/01 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/04/06 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/03/01 09:00 [entrez] AID - 166/4/411 [pii] AID - 10.1001/archinte.166.4.411 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Intern Med. 2006 Feb 27;166(4):411-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.4.411. PMID- 16500886 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060616 LR - 20240109 IS - 0964-7058 (Print) IS - 0964-7058 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 1 DP - 2006 TI - Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. PG - 107-18 AB - In the current study, we screened 7 clonal lines from single seed phenotypes of Lamiaceae family for the inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Water extracts of oregano had the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity (93.7%), followed by chocolate mint (85.9%) and lemon balm (83.9%). Sage (78.4 %), and three different clonal lines of rosemary: rosemary LA (71.4%), rosemary 6 (68.4%) and rosemary K-2 (67.8%) also showed significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts was compared to selected specific phenolics detected in the extracts using HPLC. Catechin had the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitiory activity (99.6 %) followed by caffeic acid (91.3 %), rosmarinic acid (85.1%) and resveratrol (71.1 %). Catechol (64.4%), protocatechuic acid (55.7%) and quercetin (36.9%) also exhibited significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Results suggested that alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the clonal extracts correlated to the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of the extracts. The clonal extracts of the herbs and standard phenolics tested in this study did not have any effect on the alpha-amylase activity. We also investigated the ability of the clonal extracts to inhibit rabbit lung angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The water extracts of rosemary, rosemary LA had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (90.5%), followed by lemon balm (81.9%) and oregano (37.4 %). Lower levels of ACE inhibition were observed with ethanol extracts of oregano (18.5 %) and lemon balm (0.5 %). Among the standard phenolics only resveratrol (24.1 %), hydroxybenzoic acid (19.3 %) and coumaric acid (2.3 %) had ACE inhibitory activity. FAU - Kwon, Young-In I AU - Kwon YI AD - Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. FAU - Vattem, Dhiraj A AU - Vattem DA FAU - Shetty, Kalidas AU - Shetty K LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Asia Pac J Clin Nutr JT - Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition JID - 9440304 RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents) RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 059QF0KO0R (Water) RN - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) RN - EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-Amylases) SB - IM MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors MH - Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use MH - Ethanol MH - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*drug therapy MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Lamiaceae/*chemistry/genetics MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/analysis/*therapeutic use MH - Water MH - alpha-Amylases/antagonists & inhibitors EDAT- 2006/02/28 09:00 MHDA- 2006/06/17 09:00 CRDT- 2006/02/28 09:00 PHST- 2006/02/28 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/06/17 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/02/28 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(1):107-18. PMID- 16390538 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20070726 LR - 20210416 IS - 1743-7075 (Electronic) IS - 1743-7075 (Linking) VI - 3 DP - 2006 Jan 3 TI - Chocolate and prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. PG - 2 AB - BACKGROUND: Consumption of chocolate has been often hypothesized to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to chocolate's high levels of stearic acid and antioxidant flavonoids. However, debate still lingers regarding the true long term beneficial cardiovascular effects of chocolate overall. METHODS: We reviewed English-language MEDLINE publications from 1966 through January 2005 for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of relations between cocoa, cacao, chocolate, stearic acid, flavonoids (including flavonols, flavanols, catechins, epicatechins, and procynadins) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke). A total of 136 publications were selected based on relevance, and quality of design and methods. An updated meta-analysis of flavonoid intake and CHD mortality was also conducted. RESULTS: The body of short-term randomized feeding trials suggests cocoa and chocolate may exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk via effects on lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammation, anti-platelet function, higher HDL, decreased LDL oxidation. Additionally, a large body of trials of stearic acid suggests it is indeed cholesterol-neutral. However, epidemiologic studies of serum and dietary stearic acid are inconclusive due to many methodologic limitations. Meanwhile, the large body of prospective studies of flavonoids suggests the flavonoid content of chocolate may reduce risk of cardiovascular mortality. Our updated meta-analysis indicates that intake of flavonoids may lower risk of CHD mortality, RR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71-0.92) comparing highest and lowest tertiles. CONCLUSION: Multiple lines of evidence from laboratory experiments and randomized trials suggest stearic acid may be neutral, while flavonoids are likely protective against CHD mortality. The highest priority now is to conduct larger randomized trials to definitively investigate the impact of chocolate consumption on long-term cardiovascular outcomes. FAU - Ding, Eric L AU - Ding EL AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. eding@jhu.edu FAU - Hutfless, Susan M AU - Hutfless SM FAU - Ding, Xin AU - Ding X FAU - Girotra, Saket AU - Girotra S LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20060103 PL - England TA - Nutr Metab (Lond) JT - Nutrition & metabolism JID - 101231644 PMC - PMC1360667 EDAT- 2006/01/05 09:00 MHDA- 2006/01/05 09:01 PMCR- 2006/01/03 CRDT- 2006/01/05 09:00 PHST- 2005/09/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/01/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/01/05 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/01/05 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2006/01/05 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2006/01/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1743-7075-3-2 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1743-7075-3-2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006 Jan 3;3:2. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-3-2. PMID- 16390204 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060222 LR - 20220408 IS - 0021-8561 (Print) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 1 DP - 2006 Jan 11 TI - Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity by flavanol-rich foods. PG - 229-34 AB - Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was evaluated in the presence of flavanol-rich foods, i.e., wines, chocolates, and teas, and of purified flavonoids. All foods assayed inhibited ACE activity, red wines being more effective than white wine, and green tea more effective than black tea. The inhibition of ACE activity was associated with both phenolic and flavanol content in the foods. When isolated polyphenols were assayed, procyanidins (dimer and hexamer) and epigallocatechin significantly inhibited enzyme activity; similar concentrations of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol were ineffective. When ACE activity was assayed in rat kidney membranes in the presence of chocolate extracts or purified procyanidins, it was observed that the inhibition depended on the chocolate content of flavanols and the number of flavanol units constituting the procyanidin. These experiments demonstrate that flavanols either isolated or present in foods could inhibit ACE activity. The occurrence of such inhibition in vivo needs to be determined, although is supported by the association between the consumption of flavanol-rich foods and reductions in blood pressure observed in several experimental models. FAU - Actis-Goretta, Lucas AU - Actis-Goretta L AD - Physical Chemistry-PRALIB, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 3.4.15.1 (Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A) RN - HEJ6575V1X (gallocatechol) SB - IM MH - *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors MH - Biflavonoids/pharmacology MH - Cacao MH - Catechin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology MH - *Diet MH - Flavonoids/analysis/pharmacology MH - Flavonols/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism MH - Phenols/analysis/pharmacology MH - Polyphenols MH - Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology MH - Tea MH - Wine EDAT- 2006/01/05 09:00 MHDA- 2006/02/24 09:00 CRDT- 2006/01/05 09:00 PHST- 2006/01/05 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/02/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/01/05 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/jf052263o [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jan 11;54(1):229-34. doi: 10.1021/jf052263o. PMID- 16350258 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20051214 LR - 20161021 IS - 1523-9004 (Print) IS - 1523-9004 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 11 DP - 2005 Nov TI - Chocolate, tea: health foods? How plant chemicals may help foster cardiovascular health. PG - 3 LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Heart Advis JT - Heart advisor JID - 9892190 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Tea) MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - Flavonoids/*therapeutic use MH - Fruit/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*therapy MH - Phytotherapy/*methods MH - Tea/chemistry MH - Vegetables/chemistry EDAT- 2005/12/15 09:00 MHDA- 2005/12/15 09:01 CRDT- 2005/12/15 09:00 PHST- 2005/12/15 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/12/15 09:01 [medline] PHST- 2005/12/15 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Heart Advis. 2005 Nov;8(11):3. PMID- 16330143 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20060717 LR - 20220330 IS - 0300-9084 (Print) IS - 0300-9084 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 3-4 DP - 2006 Mar-Apr TI - Procyanidin structure defines the extent and specificity of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition. PG - 359-65 AB - Recent reports have shown a decrease in blood pressure associated with the consumption of flavanol-containing foods. However, the mechanism behind this effect is not yet known. Previously we demonstrated that the flavanol epicatechin and its related oligomers, the procyanidins, inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro. In this study, we further characterized epicatechin monomer, dimer, tetramer and hexamer ACE inhibitory effect, by performing fluorescence quenching and kinetic assays, using angiotensin I as substrate. Assessment of ACE activity in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) indicated that the tetramer was the most active inhibitor decreasing the formation of angiotensin II by 52% (P<0.001). When ACE activity was measured using isolated rabbit lung ACE, dimer, tetramer and hexamer inhibited angiotensin II production at IC(50) values of 97.0, 4.4, and 8.2 microM, respectively. The quenching of ACE tryptophan fluorescence was assayed to evaluate the molecular interaction between ACE and procyanidins. The hexamer was the most active quencher decreasing ACE fluorescence by 56%, followed by the tetramer and the dimer, decreasing ACE fluorescence by 37% and 36%, respectively. ACE activity was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the ACE activator chloride ion (Cl(-)). Increased Cl(-) concentrations reduced IC(50) values for the dimer and tetramer. Finally, ACE inhibition was determined in the presence of different albumin concentrations. The presence of albumin did not reverse the ACE inhibition by dimer and tetramer, but decreased hexamer inhibition by 65%. In summary, the inhibitory effect of procyanidins on ACE and the extent of this inhibition were largely dependent on procyanidin structure. ACE inhibition by procyanidins in vivo might provide a mechanism to explain the benefits of flavonoid consumption on cardiovascular diseases. FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI AD - Physical Chemistry-PRALIB, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Actis-Goretta, Lucas AU - Actis-Goretta L FAU - Villordo, Juan J AU - Villordo JJ FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20051026 PL - France TA - Biochimie JT - Biochimie JID - 1264604 RN - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 27432CM55Q (Serum Albumin, Bovine) RN - 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride) RN - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) RN - EC 3.4.15.1 (Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A) SB - IM MH - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Biflavonoids/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Catechin/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Endothelial Cells/cytology/metabolism MH - Enzyme Activation/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Hydrolysis MH - Kinetics MH - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/*metabolism MH - Proanthocyanidins/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Rabbits MH - Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism/pharmacology MH - Sodium Chloride/metabolism/pharmacology MH - Spectrometry, Fluorescence MH - Structure-Activity Relationship EDAT- 2005/12/07 09:00 MHDA- 2006/07/18 09:00 CRDT- 2005/12/07 09:00 PHST- 2005/06/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2005/10/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/12/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/07/18 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/12/07 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0300-9084(05)00229-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.10.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biochimie. 2006 Mar-Apr;88(3-4):359-65. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.10.001. Epub 2005 Oct 26. PMID- 16092179 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050818 LR - 20111117 IS - 0095-8301 (Print) IS - 0095-8301 (Linking) VI - 58 IP - 7 DP - 2005 Jul TI - The joy of chocolate. PG - 34 FAU - Kordella, Terri AU - Kordella T LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Diabetes Forecast JT - Diabetes forecast JID - 7504241 RN - 0 (Insulin) MH - Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Diabetes Mellitus/blood/*physiopathology MH - Humans MH - Insulin/*blood MH - Insulin Resistance MH - United States EDAT- 2005/08/12 09:00 MHDA- 2005/08/19 09:00 CRDT- 2005/08/12 09:00 PHST- 2005/08/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/08/19 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/08/12 09:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetes Forecast. 2005 Jul;58(7):34. PMID- 16027246 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20051129 LR - 20160726 IS - 1524-4563 (Electronic) IS - 0194-911X (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 2 DP - 2005 Aug TI - Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. PG - 398-405 AB - Consumption of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (DC) has been shown to decrease blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in healthy subjects, suggesting similar benefits in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Therefore, we tested the effect of DC on 24-hour ambulatory BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in patients with EH. After a 7-day chocolate-free run-in phase, 20 never-treated, grade I patients with EH (10 males; 43.7+/-7.8 years) were randomized to receive either 100 g per day DC (containing 88 mg flavanols) or 90 g per day flavanol-free white chocolate (WC) in an isocaloric manner for 15 days. After a second 7-day chocolate-free period, patients were crossed over to the other treatment. Noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory BP, FMD, OGTT, serum cholesterol, and markers of vascular inflammation were evaluated at the end of each treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated from OGTT values. Ambulatory BP decreased after DC (24-hour systolic BP -11.9+/-7.7 mm Hg, P<0.0001; 24-hour diastolic BP -8.5+/-5.0 mm Hg, P<0.0001) but not WC. DC but not WC decreased HOMA-IR (P<0.0001), but it improved QUICKI, ISI, and FMD. DC also decreased serum LDL cholesterol (from 3.4+/-0.5 to 3.0+/-0.6 mmol/L; P<0.05). In summary, DC decreased BP and serum LDL cholesterol, improved FMD, and ameliorated insulin sensitivity in hypertensives. These results suggest that, while balancing total calorie intake, flavanols from cocoa products may provide some cardiovascular benefit if included as part of a healthy diet for patients with EH. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Dipartimento Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Necozione S FAU - Lippi, Cristina AU - Lippi C FAU - Croce, Giuseppe AU - Croce G FAU - Valeri, Letizia AU - Valeri L FAU - Pasqualetti, Paolo AU - Pasqualetti P FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AU - Blumberg JB FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20050718 PL - United States TA - Hypertension JT - Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) JID - 7906255 RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) SB - IM CIN - Hypertension. 2005 Nov;46(5):e17; author reply e17. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000188406.38247.fd. PMID: 16230512 CIN - Hypertension. 2005 Dec;46(6):e21-2; author reply e22. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000190583.88379.69. PMID: 16286580 MH - Adult MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory MH - Brachial Artery/physiopathology MH - *Cacao MH - Cholesterol, LDL/blood MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*physiopathology MH - Female MH - Glucose Tolerance Test MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/blood/*diet therapy/*physiopathology MH - *Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - *Vasodilation EDAT- 2005/07/20 09:00 MHDA- 2005/12/13 09:00 CRDT- 2005/07/20 09:00 PHST- 2005/07/20 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/12/13 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/07/20 09:00 [entrez] AID - 01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70 [pii] AID - 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hypertension. 2005 Aug;46(2):398-405. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70. Epub 2005 Jul 18. PMID- 15955128 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20051219 LR - 20111117 IS - 1462-8902 (Print) IS - 1462-8902 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 4 DP - 2005 Jul TI - Pterocarpus marsupium extract (Vijayasar) prevented the alteration in metabolic patterns induced in the normal rat by feeding an adequate diet containing fructose as sole carbohydrate. PG - 414-20 AB - Insulin resistance (hyperinsulinaemia) is now recognized as a major contributor to the development of glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. Sedentary lifestyle, consumption of energy-rich diet, obesity, longer lifespan, etc., are important reasons for this rise (J. R. Turtle, Int J Clin Prac 2000; 113: 23). Aqueous extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium Linn bark (PM), Ocimum sanctum Linn leaves (OS) and Trigonella foenumgraecum Linn seeds (FG) have been shown to exert hypoglycaemic/antihyperglycaemic effect in experimental as well as clinical setting. As no work has been carried out so far to assess the effect of PM, OS and FG on fructose-induced hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia, we undertook this study to assess whether these extracts attenuate the metabolic alteration induced by fructose-rich diet in rats. Five groups of rats (eight each) were fed chow diet, 66% fructose diet, 66% fructose diet + PM leaves extract (1 g/kg/day), 66% fructose diet + OS leaves extract (200 mg/kg/day) and 66% fructose diet + FG seeds extract (2 g/kg/day) for 30 days. Fructose feeding to normal rats for 30 days significantly increased serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels in comparison with control. Treatment with all the three plants extract for 30 days significantly lowered the serum glucose levels in comparison with control group. However, only PM extract substantially prevented hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, while OS and FG had no significant effect on these parameters. Results of this study, in addition to previous clinical benefits of PM seen in NIDDM subjects, are suggestive of usefulness of PM bark (Vijayasar) in insulin resistance, the associated disorder of type 2 diabetes; however, OS and FG may not be useful. Though several antidiabetic principles (-epicatechin, pterosupin, marsupin and pterostilbene) have been identified in the PM, yet future studies are required to certify their efficacy and safety before clinical scenario. FAU - Grover, J K AU - Grover JK AD - Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India. jkgrover@hotmail.com FAU - Vats, V AU - Vats V FAU - Yadav, S S AU - Yadav SS LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Diabetes Obes Metab JT - Diabetes, obesity & metabolism JID - 100883645 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) RN - 30237-26-4 (Fructose) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Body Weight/physiology MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood MH - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage MH - Fructose/*administration & dosage MH - Insulin/blood MH - Insulin Resistance/physiology MH - Male MH - Ocimum/chemistry MH - Plant Bark/chemistry MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage MH - Plant Leaves/chemistry MH - Pterocarpus/*chemistry MH - Rats MH - Seeds/chemistry MH - Triglycerides/blood MH - Trigonella/chemistry EDAT- 2005/06/16 09:00 MHDA- 2005/12/20 09:00 CRDT- 2005/06/16 09:00 PHST- 2005/06/16 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/12/20 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/06/16 09:00 [entrez] AID - DOM414 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00414.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005 Jul;7(4):414-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00414.x. PMID- 15925737 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050915 LR - 20220408 IS - 0895-7061 (Print) IS - 0895-7061 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 6 DP - 2005 Jun TI - Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals. PG - 785-91 AB - BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies suggest that high flavonoid intake confers a benefit on cardiovascular outcome. Endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and wave reflections are important determinants of cardiovascular performance and are predictors of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: The effect of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate (100 g) on endothelial function, aortic stiffness, wave reflections, and oxidant status were studied for 3 h in 17 young healthy volunteers according to a randomized, single-blind, sham procedure-controlled, cross-over protocol. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, aortic augmentation index (AIx), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were used as measures of endothelial function, wave reflections, and aortic stiffness, respectively. Plasma oxidant status was evaluated with measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). RESULTS: Chocolate led to a significant increase in resting and hyperemic brachial artery diameter throughout the study (maximum increase by 0.15 mm and 0.18 mm, respectively, P < .001 for both). The FMD increased significantly at 60 min (absolute increase 1.43%, P < .05). The AIx was significantly decreased with chocolate throughout the study (maximum absolute decrease 7.8%, P < .001), indicating a decrease in wave reflections, whereas PWV did not change to a significant extent. Plasma MDA and TAC did not change after chocolate, indicating no alterations in plasma oxidant status. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows for the first time that consumption of dark chocolate acutely decreases wave reflections, that it does not affect aortic stiffness, and that it may exert a beneficial effect on endothelial function in healthy adults. Chocolate consumption may exert a protective effect on the cardiovascular system; further studies are warranted to assess any long-term effects. FAU - Vlachopoulos, Charalambos AU - Vlachopoulos C AD - 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. cvlachop@otenet.gr FAU - Aznaouridis, Konstantinos AU - Aznaouridis K FAU - Alexopoulos, Nikolaos AU - Alexopoulos N FAU - Economou, Emmanuel AU - Economou E FAU - Andreadou, Ioanna AU - Andreadou I FAU - Stefanadis, Christodoulos AU - Stefanadis C LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - United States TA - Am J Hypertens JT - American journal of hypertension JID - 8803676 RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging/*physiology MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging/physiology MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism MH - Female MH - Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging/physiology MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Malondialdehyde/blood MH - Mass Spectrometry MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Proanthocyanidins/analysis/blood MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Ultrasonography, Doppler MH - Vasodilation/*drug effects/physiology EDAT- 2005/06/01 09:00 MHDA- 2005/09/16 09:00 CRDT- 2005/06/01 09:00 PHST- 2004/06/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2004/12/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2004/12/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2005/06/01 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/09/16 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/06/01 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0895-7061(05)00009-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.12.008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Hypertens. 2005 Jun;18(6):785-91. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.12.008. PMID- 15755830 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050405 LR - 20230318 IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 81 IP - 3 DP - 2005 Mar TI - Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons. PG - 611-4 AB - BACKGROUND: Numerous studies indicate that flavanols may exert significant vascular protection because of their antioxidant properties and increased nitric oxide bioavailability. In turn, nitric oxide bioavailability deeply influences insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and vascular tone. Thus, flavanols may also exert positive metabolic and pressor effects. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare the effects of either dark or white chocolate bars on blood pressure and glucose and insulin responses to an oral-glucose-tolerance test in healthy subjects. DESIGN: After a 7-d cocoa-free run-in phase, 15 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive for 15 d either 100 g dark chocolate bars, which contained approximately 500 mg polyphenols, or 90 g white chocolate bars, which presumably contained no polyphenols. Successively, subjects entered a further cocoa-free washout phase of 7 d and then were crossed over to the other condition. Oral-glucose-tolerance tests were performed at the end of each period to calculate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI); blood pressure was measured daily. RESULTS: HOMA-IR was significantly lower after dark than after white chocolate ingestion (0.94 +/- 0.42 compared with 1.72 +/- 0.62; P < 0.001), and QUICKI was significantly higher after dark than after white chocolate ingestion (0.398 +/- 0.039 compared with 0356 +/- 0.023; P = 0.001). Although within normal values, systolic blood pressure was lower after dark than after white chocolate ingestion (107.5 +/- 8.6 compared with 113.9 +/- 8.4 mm Hg; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dark, but not white, chocolate decreases blood pressure and improves insulin sensitivity in healthy persons. FAU - Grassi, Davide AU - Grassi D AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy. FAU - Lippi, Cristina AU - Lippi C FAU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Necozione S FAU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Desideri G FAU - Ferri, Claudio AU - Ferri C LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonols) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) SB - IM CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;81(3):541-2. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.3.541. PMID: 15755820 CIN - Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;82(2):486-7; author reply 487-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.82.2.486. PMID: 16087999 MH - Adult MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Area Under Curve MH - Blood Glucose/analysis/*drug effects MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - *Candy MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Flavonols/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Glucose Tolerance Test MH - Homeostasis MH - Humans MH - Insulin/*metabolism MH - Insulin Resistance MH - Male MH - Phenols/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Polyphenols EDAT- 2005/03/10 09:00 MHDA- 2005/04/06 09:00 CRDT- 2005/03/10 09:00 PHST- 2005/03/10 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/04/06 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/03/10 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0002-9165(23)27590-5 [pii] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/81.3.611 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;81(3):611-4. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.3.611. PMID- 15712594 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050519 LR - 20220331 IS - 1740-2522 (Print) IS - 1740-2530 (Electronic) IS - 1740-2522 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 1 DP - 2005 Mar TI - Regular consumption of a flavanol-rich chocolate can improve oxidant stress in young soccer players. PG - 11-7 AB - The consumption of a diet rich in certain flavonoids, including the flavanol sub-class, has been associated with a reduced risk for vascular disease. We evaluated the effects of the regular consumption (14 d) of a flavanol-containing milk chocolate (FCMC) or cocoa butter chocolate (CBC) on variables related to vascular disease risk, oxidative stress and physical activity. Twenty-eight free-living, young (18-20 years old) male soccer players consumed daily 105 g of FCMC (168 mg of flavanols) or CBC (< 5 mg of flavanols), as part of their normal diet. The consumption of FCMC was significantly associated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (- 5 mm Hg), mean blood pressure (- 5 mm Hg), plasma cholesterol (-11%), LDL-cholesterol (-15%), malondialdehyde (- 12%), urate (- 11%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (- 11%), and an increase in vitamin E/cholesterol (+ 12%). No relevant changes in these variables were associated with CBC consumption. No changes in the plasma levels of (-)-epicatechin were observed following analysis of fasting blood samples. In conclusion, FCMC consumption was associated with changes in several variables often associated with cardiovascular health and oxidant stress. The presence of significant quantities of flavanols in FCMC is likely to have been one of the contributing factors to these results. FAU - Fraga, Cesar G AU - Fraga CG AD - Fisicoquimica-PRALIB, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. cfraga@ffyb.uba.ar FAU - Actis-Goretta, Lucas AU - Actis-Goretta L FAU - Ottaviani, Javier I AU - Ottaviani JI FAU - Carrasquedo, Fernando AU - Carrasquedo F FAU - Lotito, Silvina B AU - Lotito SB FAU - Lazarus, Sheryl AU - Lazarus S FAU - Schmitz, Harold H AU - Schmitz HH FAU - Keen, Carl L AU - Keen CL LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Egypt TA - Clin Dev Immunol JT - Clinical & developmental immunology JID - 101183692 RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Oxidants) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Cacao/*chemistry MH - *Diet MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MH - Oxidants/*metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - *Soccer PMC - PMC2270716 EDAT- 2005/02/17 09:00 MHDA- 2005/05/20 09:00 PMCR- 2005/03/01 CRDT- 2005/02/17 09:00 PHST- 2005/02/17 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/05/20 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2005/02/17 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2005/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1740252205000028 [pii] AID - 10.1080/10446670410001722159 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Dev Immunol. 2005 Mar;12(1):11-7. doi: 10.1080/10446670410001722159. PMID- 15464042 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20050614 LR - 20111117 IS - 0014-2999 (Print) IS - 0014-2999 (Linking) VI - 500 IP - 1-3 DP - 2004 Oct 1 TI - Vascular protection by dietary polyphenols. PG - 299-313 AB - Consumption of polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, and beverages derived from plants, such as cocoa, red wine and tea, may represent a beneficial diet in terms of cardiovascular protection. Indeed, epidemiological studies demonstrate a significant inverse correlation between polyphenol consumption and cardiovascular risk. Among the numerous plausible mechanisms by which polyphenols may confer cardiovascular protection, improvement of the endothelial function and inhibition of angiogenesis and cell migration and proliferation in blood vessels have been the focus of recent studies. These studies have indicated that, in addition to and independently from their antioxidant effects, plant polyphenols (1) enhance the production of vasodilating factors [nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and prostacyclin] and inhibit the synthesis of vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 in endothelial cells; and (2) inhibit the expression of two major pro-angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in smooth muscle cells. The mechanisms of these effects involve: (1) in endothelial cells, increased Ca(2+) level and redox-sensitive activation of the phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase/Akt pathway (leading to rapid and sustained activation of nitric oxide synthase and formation of EDHF) and enhanced expression of nitric oxide synthase; and (2) in smooth muscle cells, both redox-sensitive inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway activation (leading to inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VEGF gene expression) and redox-insensitive mechanisms (leading to inhibition of thrombin-induced MMP-2 formation). The current evidence suggests that all these mechanisms are triggered by polyphenols with specific structures, although the structural requirements may be different from one effect to the other, and that they all contribute to the vasoprotective, anti-angiogenic, anti-atherogenic, vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of acute or chronic administration of plant polyphenols found in vivo in animals and in patients. FAU - Stoclet, Jean-Claude AU - Stoclet JC AD - Pharmacologie et Physico-Chimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moleculaires, UMR CNRS 7034, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, B. P. 60024, 74 route du Rhin, F 67401 Illkirch, France. stoclet@aspirine.u-strasbg.fr FAU - Chataigneau, Thierry AU - Chataigneau T FAU - Ndiaye, Mamadou AU - Ndiaye M FAU - Oak, Min-Ho AU - Oak MH FAU - El Bedoui, Jasser AU - El Bedoui J FAU - Chataigneau, Marta AU - Chataigneau M FAU - Schini-Kerth, Valerie B AU - Schini-Kerth VB LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - Netherlands TA - Eur J Pharmacol JT - European journal of pharmacology JID - 1254354 RN - 0 (Angiogenesis Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Phenols) RN - 0 (Polyphenols) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - *Diet MH - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiopathology MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Fruit MH - Humans MH - Phenols/*administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Phytotherapy MH - Polyphenols MH - Tea MH - Vegetables MH - Wine RF - 135 EDAT- 2004/10/07 09:00 MHDA- 2005/06/15 09:00 CRDT- 2004/10/07 09:00 PHST- 2004/07/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2004/10/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2005/06/15 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/10/07 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0014-2999(04)00743-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.034 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct 1;500(1-3):299-313. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.034. PMID- 15190043 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20041018 LR - 20220331 IS - 0731-5724 (Print) IS - 0731-5724 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 3 DP - 2004 Jun TI - Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. PG - 197-204 AB - BACKGROUND: Dark chocolate derived from the plant (Theobroma cacao) is a rich source of flavonoids. Cardioprotective effects including antioxidant properties, inhibition of platelet activity, and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been ascribed to the cocoa flavonoids. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function, measures of oxidative stress, blood lipids, and blood pressure in healthy adult subjects. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design conducted over a 2 week period in 21 healthy adult subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily intake of high-flavonoid (213 mg procyanidins, 46 mg epicatechin) or low-flavonoid dark chocolate bars (46 g, 1.6 oz). RESULTS: High-flavonoid chocolate consumption improved endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (mean change = 1.3 +/- 0.7%) as compared to low-flavonoid chocolate consumption (mean change = -0.96 +/- 0.5%) (p = 0.024). No significant differences were noted in the resistance to LDL oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, 8-isoprostanes, blood pressure, lipid parameters, body weight or body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. Plasma epicatechin concentrations were markedly increased at 2 weeks in the high-flavonoid group (204.4 +/- 18.5 nmol/L, p < or = 0.001) but not in the low-flavonoid group (17.5 +/- 9 nmol/L, p = 0.99). CONCLUSION: Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and is associated with an increase in plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. No changes in oxidative stress measures, lipid profiles, blood pressure, body weight or BMI were seen. FAU - Engler, Mary B AU - Engler MB AD - Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0610, USA. mary.engler@nursing.ucsf.edu FAU - Engler, Marguerite M AU - Engler MM FAU - Chen, Chung Y AU - Chen CY FAU - Malloy, Mary J AU - Malloy MJ FAU - Browne, Amanda AU - Browne A FAU - Chiu, Elisa Y AU - Chiu EY FAU - Kwak, Ho-Kyung AU - Kwak HK FAU - Milbury, Paul AU - Milbury P FAU - Paul, Steven M AU - Paul SM FAU - Blumberg, Jeffrey AU - Blumberg J FAU - Mietus-Snyder, Michele L AU - Mietus-Snyder ML LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Nutr JT - Journal of the American College of Nutrition JID - 8215879 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage MH - *Biflavonoids MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - Body Weight/drug effects MH - Brachial Artery/drug effects/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Catechin/administration & dosage/*blood MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Endothelium/drug effects/*physiology MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Humans MH - Lipids/blood MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/drug effects MH - *Proanthocyanidins MH - Reference Values EDAT- 2004/06/11 05:00 MHDA- 2004/10/19 09:00 CRDT- 2004/06/11 05:00 PHST- 2004/06/11 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/10/19 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/06/11 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719361 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):197-204. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719361. PMID- 15106530 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040426 LR - 20161021 IS - 1523-9004 (Print) IS - 1523-9004 (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 11 DP - 2003 Nov TI - The potentially bright side of dark chocolate. PG - 2 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Heart Advis JT - Heart advisor JID - 9892190 MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Energy Intake MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*diet therapy MH - Middle Aged EDAT- 2004/04/27 05:00 MHDA- 2004/04/27 05:01 CRDT- 2004/04/27 05:00 PHST- 2004/04/27 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/04/27 05:01 [medline] PHST- 2004/04/27 05:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Heart Advis. 2003 Nov;6(11):2. PMID- 14980878 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040315 LR - 20161020 IS - 1052-1577 (Print) IS - 1052-1577 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 4 DP - 2004 Feb TI - The sweet science: dark chocolate may be good for you. PG - 7 LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Harv Health Lett JT - Harvard health letter JID - 9425764 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) MH - Antioxidants/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/physiology MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/diet therapy EDAT- 2004/02/26 05:00 MHDA- 2004/03/17 05:00 CRDT- 2004/02/26 05:00 PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/03/17 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [entrez] AID - L0204e [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Harv Health Lett. 2004 Feb;29(4):7. PMID- 14980868 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040322 LR - 20041117 IS - 1089-1102 (Print) IS - 1089-1102 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 7 DP - 2004 Feb TI - On call. I know that a good diet can help lower blood pressure. But I heard on the radio that chocolate can also help. Can that be true? PG - 8 FAU - Simon, Harvey B AU - Simon HB LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Harv Mens Health Watch JT - Harvard men's health watch JID - 9802701 MH - Blood Pressure/*physiology MH - *Cacao MH - *Candy MH - Energy Intake MH - Humans EDAT- 2004/02/26 05:00 MHDA- 2004/03/23 05:00 CRDT- 2004/02/26 05:00 PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/03/23 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [entrez] AID - N0204e [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Harv Mens Health Watch. 2004 Feb;8(7):8. PMID- 14654748 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20041104 LR - 20220408 IS - 0263-6352 (Print) IS - 0263-6352 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 12 DP - 2003 Dec TI - Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans. PG - 2281-6 AB - BACKGROUND: Consumption of flavonoid-rich beverages, including tea and red wine, has been associated with a reduction in coronary events, but the physiological mechanism remains obscure. Cocoa can contain extraordinary concentrations of flavanols, a flavonoid subclass shown to activate nitric oxide synthase in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in humans. DESIGN: The study prospectively assessed the effects of Flavanol-rich cocoa, using both time and beverage controls. Participants were blinded to intervention; the endpoint was objective and blinded. METHODS: Pulse wave amplitude was measured on the finger in 27 healthy people with a volume-sensitive validated calibrated plethysmograph, before and after 5 days of consumption of Flavanol-rich cocoa [821 mg of flavanols/day, quantitated as (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, and related procyanidin oligomers]. The specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was infused intravenously on day 1, before cocoa, and on day 5, after an acute ingestion of cocoa. RESULTS: Four days of flavanol-rich cocoa induced consistent and striking peripheral vasodilation (P = 0.009). On day 5, pulse wave amplitude exhibited a large additional acute response to cocoa (P = 0.01). L-NAME completely reversed this vasodilation (P = 0.004). In addition, intake of flavanol-rich cocoa augmented the vasodilator response to ischemia. Flavanol-poor cocoa induced much smaller responses (P = 0.005), and none was induced in the time-control study. Flavanol-rich cocoa also amplified the systemic pressor effects of L-NAME (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: In healthy humans, flavanol-rich cocoa induced vasodilation via activation of the nitric oxide system, providing a plausible mechanism for the protection that flavanol-rich foods induce against coronary events. FAU - Fisher, Naomi D L AU - Fisher ND AD - Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nfisher@partners.org FAU - Hughes, Meghan AU - Hughes M FAU - Gerhard-Herman, Marie AU - Gerhard-Herman M FAU - Hollenberg, Norman K AU - Hollenberg NK LA - eng GR - 1 R01 DK5468-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - 1P50ML53000-01/PHS HHS/United States GR - M01 RR026376/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - P01AC00059916/PHS HHS/United States GR - T32 HL-07609/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - Netherlands TA - J Hypertens JT - Journal of hypertension JID - 8306882 RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) RN - V55S2QJN2X (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester) SB - IM CIN - J Hypertens. 2003 Dec;21(12):2231-4. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200312000-00006. PMID: 14654738 MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Arm/*blood supply MH - *Beverages MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - *Cacao MH - Diastole/drug effects MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage MH - Glucose/administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Hyperemia/blood/physiopathology MH - Infusions, Intravenous MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/administration & dosage MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Prospective Studies MH - Pulsatile Flow/drug effects MH - Pulse MH - Reference Values MH - Regional Blood Flow/drug effects MH - Systole/drug effects MH - Vasodilation/*drug effects EDAT- 2003/12/05 05:00 MHDA- 2004/11/05 09:00 CRDT- 2003/12/05 05:00 PHST- 2003/12/05 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/11/05 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/12/05 05:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1097/00004872-200312000-00016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Hypertens. 2003 Dec;21(12):2281-6. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200312000-00016. PMID- 14527784 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20031223 LR - 20190906 IS - 0168-1605 (Print) IS - 0168-1605 (Linking) VI - 88 IP - 1 DP - 2003 Nov 15 TI - Biogenic amines in dry fermented sausages: a review. PG - 41-54 AB - Biogenic amines are compounds commonly present in living organisms in which they are responsible for many essential functions. They can be naturally present in many foods such as fruits and vegetables, meat, fish, chocolate and milk, but they can also be produced in high amounts by microorganisms through the activity of amino acid decarboxylases. Excessive consumption of these amines can be of health concern because their not equilibrate assumption in human organism can generate different degrees of diseases determined by their action on nervous, gastric and intestinal systems and blood pressure. High microbial counts, which characterise fermented foods, often unavoidably lead to considerable accumulation of biogenic amines, especially tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine, tryptamine, cadaverine, putrescine and histamine. However, great fluctuations of amine content are reported in the same type of product. These differences depend on many variables: the quali-quantitative composition of microbial microflora, the chemico-physical variables, the hygienic procedure adopted during production, and the availability of precursors. Dry fermented sausages are worldwide diffused fermented meat products that can be a source of biogenic amines. Even in the absence of specific rules and regulations regarding the presence of these compounds in sausages and other fermented products, an increasing attention is given to biogenic amines, especially in relation to the higher number of consumers with enhanced sensitivity to biogenic amines determined by the inhibition of the action of amino oxidases, the enzymes involved in the detoxification of these substances. The aim of this paper is to give an overview on the presence of these compounds in dry fermented sausages and to discuss the most important factors influencing their accumulation. These include process and implicit factors as well as the role of starter and nonstarter microflora growing in the different steps of sausage production. Moreover, the role of microorganisms with amino oxidase activity as starter cultures to control or reduce the accumulation of biogenic amines during ripening and storage of sausages is discussed. FAU - Suzzi, Giovanna AU - Suzzi G AD - Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Universita degli Studi di Teramo, Mosciano Sant'Angelo, Teramo, Italy. FAU - Gardini, Fausto AU - Gardini F LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - Netherlands TA - Int J Food Microbiol JT - International journal of food microbiology JID - 8412849 RN - 0 (Biogenic Amines) RN - EC 1.4.3.21 (Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)) RN - EC 4.1.1.- (Carboxy-Lyases) SB - IM MH - Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Biogenic Amines/analysis/*biosynthesis MH - Carboxy-Lyases/*metabolism MH - Colony Count, Microbial MH - Decarboxylation MH - Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology/growth & development/metabolism MH - Fermentation MH - *Food Microbiology MH - Lactobacillus/metabolism MH - Meat Products/*microbiology MH - Swine RF - 102 EDAT- 2003/10/07 05:00 MHDA- 2003/12/24 05:00 CRDT- 2003/10/07 05:00 PHST- 2003/10/07 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/12/24 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/10/07 05:00 [entrez] AID - S0168160503000801 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00080-1 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Food Microbiol. 2003 Nov 15;88(1):41-54. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00080-1. PMID- 14509904 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20031023 LR - 20061215 IS - 0040-781X (Print) IS - 0040-781X (Linking) VI - 162 IP - 10 DP - 2003 Sep 8 TI - Ain't that sweet! PG - 99 FAU - Song, Sora AU - Song S LA - eng PT - News PL - United States TA - Time JT - Time JID - 9877130 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) MH - *Antioxidants MH - *Blood Pressure MH - *Cacao MH - Humans MH - United States EDAT- 2003/09/27 05:00 MHDA- 2003/10/24 05:00 CRDT- 2003/09/27 05:00 PHST- 2003/09/27 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/10/24 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/09/27 05:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Time. 2003 Sep 8;162(10):99. PMID- 12895681 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040408 LR - 20220318 IS - 0091-3057 (Print) IS - 0091-3057 (Linking) VI - 75 IP - 3 DP - 2003 Jun TI - Pharmacological evidence for antidementia effect of Choto-san (Gouteng-san), a traditional Kampo medicine. PG - 635-43 AB - To clarify the clinical efficacy of one of the traditional medicines in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia, we investigated the pharmacological activities of Choto-san in animal models. Pretreatment with Choto-san (0.75-6.0 g/kg po), a component herb, Chotoko (75-600 mg/kg po), and indole alkaloids and phenolic fractions of Chotoko prevented ischemia-induced impairment of spatial learning behaviour in water maze performance of mice. A single administration of Choto-san (0.5 to 6.0 g/kg po) or Chotoko (Uncaria genus) produced a dose-dependent antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and partly inhibited the induction of the apoplexy in stroke-prone SHR (SHR-SP). Choto-san, Chotoko, and its phenolic constituents, (-)epicatechin and caffeic acid, significantly protected NG108-15 cells from injury induced by H(2)O(2) exposure in vitro and also inhibited lipid peroxidation in the brain homogenate. Indole alkaloids, rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline (1-100 microM), reversibly reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced current concentration dependently in NMDA receptor-expressed Xenopus oocytes. These results suggest that antidementia effects of Choto-san are due to antihypertensive, free radical scavenging and antiexcitotoxic effects, which are attributed at least partly to phenolic compounds and indole alkaloids contained in Chotoko. FAU - Watanabe, Hiroshi AU - Watanabe H AD - Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. hwatanabe@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp FAU - Zhao, Qi AU - Zhao Q FAU - Matsumoto, Kinzo AU - Matsumoto K FAU - Tohda, Michihisa AU - Tohda M FAU - Murakami, Yukihisa AU - Murakami Y FAU - Zhang, Shao-Hui AU - Zhang SH FAU - Kang, Tae-Hyun AU - Kang TH FAU - Mahakunakorn, Pramote AU - Mahakunakorn P FAU - Maruyama, Yukiko AU - Maruyama Y FAU - Sakakibara, Iwao AU - Sakakibara I FAU - Aimi, Norio AU - Aimi N FAU - Takayama, Hiromitsu AU - Takayama H LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Pharmacol Biochem Behav JT - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior JID - 0367050 RN - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) RN - 0 (Free Radical Scavengers) RN - 0 (choto-san) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Dementia/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Female MH - Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Hypertension/drug therapy/metabolism MH - Male MH - *Medicine, Kampo MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred ICR MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Xenopus EDAT- 2003/08/05 05:00 MHDA- 2004/04/09 05:00 CRDT- 2003/08/05 05:00 PHST- 2003/08/05 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/04/09 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/08/05 05:00 [entrez] AID - S0091305703001096 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00109-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003 Jun;75(3):635-43. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00109-6. PMID- 12570328 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030502 LR - 20071115 IS - 0959-8278 (Print) IS - 0959-8278 (Linking) VI - 11 Suppl 2 DP - 2002 Aug TI - Lifestyle, health and disease prevention: the underlying mechanisms. PG - S1-7 AB - International studies in geographic pathology provide background information that a disease may have a quite different incidence and resulting mortality as a function of area of residence. Investigations in animals can model fairly precisely what is learned through such international research, and provide the basis for examining relevant hypotheses and, more importantly, possible mechanisms of action. These approaches can yield public health recommendations and health promotion activities. Regular intake of foods rich in saturated fats, such as meat and certain dairy products, raises the risk of coronary heart disease, especially in smokers. The total mixed fat intake is associated with a higher incidence of the nutritionally linked cancers (i.e. of the postmenopausal breast, distal colon, prostate, pancreas, ovary and endometrium). Monounsaturated oils, such as olive or canola oil, are low-risk fats, as shown in animal models, and through the finding that the incidence of coronary heart and neoplastic diseases is lower in the Mediterranean region, where such oils are customarily used. Fish and fish oils are protective. The associated genotoxic carcinogens for several of these cancers, and also in heart disease causation, are heterocyclic amines, produced during the broiling and frying of creatinine-containing foods such as meats. Excessive salt intake is associated with high blood pressure and with stomach cancer, especially with inadequate intake of potassium, from fruits and vegetables, and calcium from certain vegetables and low-fat dairy products. Bran cereal fiber intake, especially with adequate calcium, yields an increased stool bulk, eliminating factors involved in colon and breast cancer. Vegetables and fruits, as well as soy products, are rich in antioxidants that are essential to lower disease risk stemming from reactive oxygen species in the body. Green and black tea are excellent sources of such beneficial antioxidants of a polyphenol nature, as are cocoa and chocolates. Antioxidants also extend healthy aging and may protect against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Nutritional lifestyles can be described for most populations in the world and offer the possibility of a healthy long life. FAU - Weisburger, J H AU - Weisburger JH AD - American Health Foundation, 1 Dana Road, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA. jweisbur@ahf.org LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Eur J Cancer Prev JT - European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) JID - 9300837 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/administration & dosage MH - *Attitude to Health MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Diet MH - Exercise MH - Female MH - Health Education/organization & administration MH - Humans MH - *Life Style MH - Male MH - Neoplasms/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Prevalence MH - Primary Prevention/*methods MH - Prognosis MH - Risk Assessment MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Stroke/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - United States/epidemiology RF - 43 EDAT- 2003/02/07 04:00 MHDA- 2003/05/03 05:00 CRDT- 2003/02/07 04:00 PHST- 2003/02/07 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/05/03 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/02/07 04:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002 Aug;11 Suppl 2:S1-7. PMID- 11996210 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20021029 LR - 20220318 IS - 0946-1965 (Print) IS - 0946-1965 (Linking) VI - 40 IP - 4 DP - 2002 Apr TI - A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. PG - 158-68 AB - OBJECTIVES: An increasing body of evidence indicates that Pycnogenol (PYC), a standardized extract of French maritime pine bark, has favorable pharmacological properties. This is a review of studies with both PYC and components of the preparation, that have helped to elucidate target sites and possible mechanisms for activity in men. METHODS: Studies appearing in peer reviewed literature, as well as results presented at international meetings not yet available as published papers, are included in this review. Additional data from published sources in German and French languages that are not widely available are also included. RESULTS: Chemical identification studies showed that PYC is primarily composed of procyanidins and phenolic acids. Procyanidins are biopolymers of catechin and epicatechin subunits which are recognized as important constituents in human nutrition. PYC contains a wide variety of procyanidins that range from the monomeric catechin and taxifolin to oligomers with 7 or more flavonoid subunits. The phenolic acids are derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids. The ferulic acid and taxifolin components are rapidly absorbed and excreted as glucuronides or sulphates in men, whereas procyanidins are absorbed slowly and metabolized to valerolactones which are excreted as glucuronides. PYC has low acute and chronic toxicity with mild unwanted effects occurring in a small percentage of patients following oral administration. Clinical studies indicate that PYC is effective in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and retinal micro-hemorrhages. PYC protects against oxidative stress in several cell systems by doubling the intracellular synthesis of anti-oxidative enzymes and by acting as a potent scavenger of free radicals. Other anti-oxidant effects involve a role in the regeneration and protection of vitamin C and E. Anti-inflammatory activity has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in animals. Protection against UV-radiation-induced erythema was found in a clinical study following oral intake of PYC. In asthma patients symptom scores and circulating leukotrienes are reduced and lung function is improved. Immunomodulation has been observed in both animal models as well as in patients with Lupus erythematosus. PYC antagonizes the vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine and norepinephrine by increasing the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Dilation of the small blood vessels has been observed in patients with cardiovascular disease, whereas in smokers, PYC prevents smoking-induced platelet aggregation and reduces the concentration of thromboxane. The ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme is associated with a mild antihypertensive effect. PYC relieves premenstrual symptoms, including abdominal pain and this action may be associated with the spasmolytic action of some phenolic acids. An improvement in cognitive function has been observed in controlled animal experiments and these findings support anecdotal reports of improvement in ADHD patients taking PYC supplements. CONCLUSIONS: There is much evidence showing that PYC has beneficial effects on physiological functions. Results from ongoing clinical research are required to confirm and extend previous observations. FAU - Rohdewald, P AU - Rohdewald P AD - Institute Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, Germany. rohdewa@uni-muenster.de LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - Germany TA - Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther JT - International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics JID - 9423309 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Free Radical Scavengers) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 50JZ5Z98QY (pycnogenols) SB - IM MH - Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology MH - Cognition Disorders/drug therapy MH - Female MH - Flavonoids/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology MH - Free Radical Scavengers MH - Herbal Medicine MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/drug therapy MH - Immune System/drug effects MH - Inflammation/drug therapy MH - Male MH - Menstruation Disturbances/prevention & control MH - Oxidative Stress MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology MH - Quality Control MH - Retinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy MH - Stress, Psychological MH - Venous Insufficiency/*drug therapy RF - 64 EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00 MHDA- 2002/10/31 04:00 CRDT- 2002/05/09 10:00 PHST- 2002/05/09 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/10/31 04:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/05/09 10:00 [entrez] AID - 10.5414/cpp40158 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Apr;40(4):158-68. doi: 10.5414/cpp40158. PMID- 11887407 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020905 LR - 20190222 IS - 1079-2082 (Print) IS - 1079-2082 (Linking) VI - 59 IP - 5 DP - 2002 Mar 1 TI - Hawthorn: pharmacology and therapeutic uses. PG - 417-22 AB - The uses, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, dosage and administration, adverse effects, and drug interactions of hawthorn are discussed. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a fruit-bearing shrub with a long history as a medicinal substance. Uses have included the treatment of digestive ailments, dyspnea, kidney stones, and cardiovascular disorders. Today, hawthorn is used primarily for various cardiovascular conditions. The cardiovascular effects are believed to be the result of positive inotropic activity, ability to increase the integrity of the blood vessel wall and improve coronary blood flow, and positive effects on oxygen utilization. Flavonoids are postulated to account for these effects. Hawthorn has shown promise in the treatment of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II congestive heart failure (CHF) in both uncontrolled and controlled clinical trials. There are also suggestions of a beneficial effect on blood lipids. Trials to establish an antiarrhythmic effect in humans have not been conducted. The recommended daily dose of hawthorn is 160-900 mg of a native water-ethanol extract of the leaves or flowers (equivalent to 30-169 mg of epicatechin or 3.5-19.8 mg of flavonoids) administered in two or three doses. At therapeutic dosages, hawthorn may cause a mild rash, headache, sweating, dizziness, palpitations, sleepiness, agitation, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Hawthorn may interact with vasodilating medications and may potentiate or inhibit the actions of drugs used for heart failure, hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. The limited data about hawthorn suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of NYHA functional class II CHF. FAU - Rigelsky, Janene M AU - Rigelsky JM AD - H. H. McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA. FAU - Sweet, Burgunda V AU - Sweet BV LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Am J Health Syst Pharm JT - American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists JID - 9503023 RN - 0 (Plant Preparations) SB - IM MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*drug therapy MH - Clinical Trials as Topic MH - *Crataegus MH - Drug Interactions MH - Humans MH - Hypercholesterolemia/*drug therapy MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Preparations/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use RF - 37 EDAT- 2002/03/13 10:00 MHDA- 2002/09/06 10:01 CRDT- 2002/03/13 10:00 PHST- 2002/03/13 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/09/06 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2002/03/13 10:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1093/ajhp/59.5.417 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002 Mar 1;59(5):417-22. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/59.5.417. PMID- 11054593 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20010531 LR - 20221207 IS - 0899-9007 (Print) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 10 DP - 2000 Oct TI - Elevated and sustained desire for sweet taste in african-americans: a potential factor in the development of obesity. PG - 886-93 AB - Oral habituation is a relatively long-lasting decrease in oral responsiveness that results from the repeated presentation of a single stimulus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of habituation to sweet-tasting foods and to determine whether there are differences in the rate of habituation between African Americans and European Americans. These two groups were compared because the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disorders such as diabetes and hypertension is significantly higher among African Americans than among European Americans. Nine different commercial foods and beverages that differed in sweetness intensity and caloric density served as stimuli. Subjects tasted and rated each food once per minute for a 30-min period on scales related to desire for another taste of the same sample and desire for a different taste. The stimuli and portion size for each of the 30 samples were two candy bars (Ultra Slim-Fast Cocoa Almond Crunch Bar, 1/16 of a bar; Natural Nectar Peanut Butter Granola Bar, 1/16 of a bar), three beverages (Nestea Lemon Flavored Instant Tea with NutraSweet, 5 mL; Welch's Grape Juice, 5 mL; Pink Swimmingo Kool-Aid, 5 mL), two gelatin desserts (Cherry Flavored Jell-O Gelatin, 5 g; Cherry Flavored Jell-O Gelatin with NutraSweet, 5 g), one enteral nutrition drink (Vanilla Ensure Plus, 5 mL), and one pudding (Ultra Slim-Fast Chocolate Pudding, 5 g). Subjects consumed the entire portion of each sample. Habituation occurred for seven of the nine foods as judged by a decrease in the desire for another taste of the same food. The degree of habituation for European Americans and African Americans was similar except for the sweetest food (Cherry Flavored Jell-O Gelatin with NutraSweet), for which African Americans showed no habituation. The degree of habituation in both groups was unrelated to caloric density. Overall, young African Americans had a significantly greater desire for another taste of the same food than did young European Americans for seven of the nine foods, and this desire was strongly correlated with the sweetness intensity for young African Americans but not for young European Americans. Furthermore, young African Americans had a greater desire than young European Americans for a different taste for seven of nine foods. The greater desire for intense sweet tastes may be a factor in the elevated incidence of obesity and diabetes in African Americans. In addition, young African Americans had greater perceived stress in this study than did young European Americans. If African Americans use sweet taste to compensate for feelings of stress, this compensation may also contribute to weight gain. FAU - Schiffman, S S AU - Schiffman SS AD - From the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. sss@acpub.duke.edu FAU - Graham, B G AU - Graham BG FAU - Sattely-Miller, E A AU - Sattely-Miller EA FAU - Peterson-Dancy, M AU - Peterson-Dancy M LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Black or African American MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - *Black People/genetics MH - Feeding Behavior/*physiology MH - Female MH - Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Obesity/epidemiology/genetics/*physiopathology MH - Prevalence MH - Satiety Response MH - Stress, Physiological MH - Taste/*physiology MH - White People EDAT- 2000/10/31 11:00 MHDA- 2001/06/02 10:01 CRDT- 2000/10/31 11:00 PHST- 2000/10/31 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2001/06/02 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/10/31 11:00 [entrez] AID - S0899-9007(00)00403-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00403-2 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2000 Oct;16(10):886-93. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00403-2. PMID- 11032452 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20001012 LR - 20190915 IS - 0899-9007 (Print) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 9 DP - 2000 Sep TI - Eat to live, not live to eat. PG - 767-73 AB - Most of the prevailing chronic diseases in the world have an important nutritional component by directly causing a specific disease, enhancing the risk through phenomena of promotion, exerting a beneficial effect in decreasing risk, or preventing the disease. International studies in geographic pathology have shown that a given disease may have vastly different incidence and mortality as a function of residence. Laboratory research in animal models can reproduce fairly accurately what is learned through international research and provide the basis for examining relevant hypotheses and, more importantly, proposed mechanisms of action. Validation of these approaches can be the basis for public-health recommendations and health-promotion activities. Through such techniques, it has been found that regular intake of foods with saturated fats such as meat and certain dairy products raise the risk of coronary heart disease. The total mixed-fat intake is associated with a higher incidence of the nutritionally linked cancers, specifically cancer of the postmenopausal breast, distal colon, prostate, pancreas. ovary, and endometrium. The associated genotoxic carcinogens for several of these cancers are heterocyclic amines, which also play a role in heart-disease causation, and these are produced during the broiling and frying of creatinine-containing foods such as meats. Monounsaturated oils such as olive or canola oil are low-risk fats as shown in animal models and through the observation that the incidence of specific diseases is lower in the Mediterranean region, where such oils are customarily used. High salt intake is associated with high blood pressure and with stomach cancer, especially with inadequate intake of potassium from fruits and vegetables and of calcium from certain vegetables and low-fat dairy products. Vegetables, fruits, and soy products are rich in antioxidants that are essential to lower disease risk stemming from reactive oxygen systems in the body. Green and black teas are excellent sources of antioxidants of a polyphenol nature. as is cocoa and some chocolates. Nutritional lifestyles that offer the possibility of a healthy long life can be adopted by most populations in the world. FAU - Weisburger, J H AU - Weisburger JH AD - American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA. John_Weisburger@nymc.edu LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 SB - IM MH - Cause of Death MH - *Chronic Disease MH - Coronary Disease/etiology/mortality MH - *Diet MH - Female MH - *Health Status MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Neoplasms/etiology/mortality MH - *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MH - Stroke/etiology/mortality RF - 59 EDAT- 2000/10/14 11:00 MHDA- 2000/10/14 11:01 CRDT- 2000/10/14 11:00 PHST- 2000/10/14 11:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/10/14 11:01 [medline] PHST- 2000/10/14 11:00 [entrez] AID - S0899-9007(00)00400-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00400-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2000 Sep;16(9):767-73. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00400-7. PMID- 10779131 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20000809 LR - 20260128 IS - 0305-1870 (Print) IS - 0305-1870 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 4 DP - 2000 Apr TI - A short history of nitroglycerine and nitric oxide in pharmacology and physiology. PG - 313-9 AB - 1. Nitroglycerine (NG) was discovered in 1847 by Ascanio Sobrero in Turin, following work with Theophile-Jules Pelouze. Sobrero first noted the 'violent headache' produced by minute quantities of NG on the tongue. 2. Constantin Hering, in 1849, tested NG in healthy volunteers, observing that headache was caused with 'such precision'. Hering pursued NG ('glonoine') as a homeopathic remedy for headache, believing that its use fell within the doctrine of 'like cures like'. 3. Alfred Nobel joined Pelouze in 1851 and recognized the potential of NG. He began manufacturing NG in Sweden, overcoming handling problems with his patent detonator. Nobel suffered acutely from angina and was later to refuse NG as a treatment. 4. During the mid-19th century, scientists in Britain took an interest in the newly discovered amyl nitrite, recognized as a powerful vasodilator. Lauder Brunton, the father of modern pharmacology, used the compound to relieve angina in 1867, noting the pharmacological resistance to repeated doses. 5. William Murrell first used NG for angina in 1876, although NG entered the British Pharmacopoeia as a remedy for hypertension. William Martindale, the pharmaceutical chemist, prepared '...a more stable and portable preparation': 1/100th of a grain in chocolate. 6. In the early 20th century, scientists worked on in vitro actions of nitrate-containing compounds although little progress was made towards understanding the cellular mode of action. 7. The NG industry flourished from 1900, exposing workers to high levels of organic nitrites; the phenomena of nitrate tolerance was recognized by the onset of 'Monday disease' and of nitrate-withdrawal/overcompensation by 'Sunday Heart Attacks'. 8. Ferid Murad discovered the release of nitric oxide (NO) from NG and its action on vascular smooth muscle (in 1977). Robert Furchgott and John Zawadski recognized the importance of the endothelium in acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation (in 1980) and Louis Ignarro and Salvador Moncada identified endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) as NO (in 1987). 9. Glycerol trinitrate remains the treatment of choice for relieving angina; other organic esters and inorganic nitrates are also used, but the rapid action of NG and its established efficacy make it the mainstay of angina pectoris relief. FAU - Marsh, N AU - Marsh N AD - School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. n.marsh@qut.edu.au FAU - Marsh, A AU - Marsh A LA - eng PT - Biography PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article PT - Portrait PL - Australia TA - Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol JT - Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology JID - 0425076 RN - 0 (Vasodilator Agents) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - G59M7S0WS3 (Nitroglycerin) SB - IM MH - Europe MH - History, 19th Century MH - History, 20th Century MH - Humans MH - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects MH - Nitric Oxide/*history/pharmacology/physiology MH - Nitroglycerin/*history/pharmacology MH - Vasodilator Agents/*history/pharmacology PS - Sobrero A FPS - Sobrero, A PS - Nobel A FPS - Nobel, A PS - Brunton TL FPS - Brunton, T L EDAT- 2000/04/25 09:00 MHDA- 2000/08/12 11:00 CRDT- 2000/04/25 09:00 PHST- 2000/04/25 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2000/08/12 11:00 [medline] PHST- 2000/04/25 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03240.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2000 Apr;27(4):313-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03240.x. PMID- 8933645 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19970220 LR - 20131121 IS - 0273-2300 (Print) IS - 0273-2300 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 2 Pt 2 DP - 1996 Oct TI - Tolerance to subchronic, high-dose ingestion of erythritol in human volunteers. PG - S286-95 AB - Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) which is absorbed from the small intestine in substantial amounts, not metabolized in the human body, and therefore excreted in the urine. Erythritol holds promise as a low-calorie sugar substitute. Human tolerance to repeated oral doses of erythritol was examined in a double-blind, two-way crossover study in 12 healthy, male volunteers. The participants consumed erythritol and, for comparison, sucrose for a duration of 7 days each. The daily dose of the test compounds ingested was 0.3 g/kg on Day 1, 0.6 g/kg on Day 2, and 1.0 g/kg on subsequent days. The daily dose was consumed under supervision in five portions, i.e., with the three main meals, a midmorning snack, and during the afternoon. The test compounds were incorporated into yoghurt, cookies, soft drinks, and chocolate. On each treatment day, body weight and blood pressure were measured and the participants were interviewed about side effects and their perception of stool and urine production. During the last 96 hr of each treatment period, urine was collected at 3-hr intervals during the day and for a 9-hr interval overnight for analysis of erythritol and different urinary parameters. On Days 3 to 7 of each treatment period, the participants were institutionalized. Body weights and blood pressure remained stable during the entire study. Signs of gastrointestinal intolerance were not seen and stool frequency and appearance were not different between the two treatments. The intake of liquids, which were provided ad libitum, was generally rather high (32.8 g/kg body wt/day on average) but not different between erythritol and sucrose consumption. Urine output also was high during both treatment periods. About 78% of ingested erythritol was excreted in the urine which led to a higher urinary osmolality but did not influence the 24-hr output of creatinine, citrate, urea, or electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, Pi). The excretion of calcium was slightly higher during the erythritol test period but in absolute terms this increase was small. The urinary excretions of albumin, beta 2-microglobulin, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase were slightly elevated during the erythritol test period but they were still well within the physiological range. None of the observed urinary changes became more pronounced with increasing duration of the erythritol treatment. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that the repeated ingestion of erythritol at daily doses of 1 g/kg body wt was well tolerated by humans. FAU - Tetzloff, W AU - Tetzloff W AD - IPHAR Institut for Clinical Pharmacology, Hohenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn, Germany. FAU - Dauchy, F AU - Dauchy F FAU - Medimagh, S AU - Medimagh S FAU - Carr, D AU - Carr D FAU - Bar, A AU - Bar A LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PL - Netherlands TA - Regul Toxicol Pharmacol JT - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP JID - 8214983 RN - 0 (Sweetening Agents) RN - 57-50-1 (Sucrose) RN - RA96B954X6 (Erythritol) SB - IM MH - Administration, Oral MH - Adult MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Digestive System/drug effects MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Erythritol/*adverse effects/*pharmacology/urine MH - Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Osmolar Concentration MH - Sucrose/pharmacology MH - Sweetening Agents/*adverse effects/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Time Factors MH - Urine/chemistry EDAT- 1996/10/01 00:00 MHDA- 1996/10/01 00:01 CRDT- 1996/10/01 00:00 PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1996/10/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - S0273-2300(96)90110-5 [pii] AID - 10.1006/rtph.1996.0110 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1996 Oct;24(2 Pt 2):S286-95. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1996.0110. PMID- 7737959 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19950608 LR - 20181130 IS - 0160-6689 (Print) IS - 0160-6689 (Linking) VI - 56 IP - 5 DP - 1995 May TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitor dietary restrictions: what are we asking patients to give up? PG - 196-201 AB - BACKGROUND: Though the list of possible indications for monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) continues to expand, many psychiatrists remain hesitant about prescribing MAOIs, citing concerns about dietary prohibitions and hypertensive reactions. Data about psychiatric patients' frequency of consumption of foods, beverages, and medications prohibited during MAOI use are lacking. METHOD: We conducted a survey of 139 psychiatric patients admitted to either an inpatient unit specializing in the treatment of mood disorders or an outpatient anxiety disorders clinic specializing in the treatment of social phobia. At inclusion, patients were not being treated with MAOIs, although they might have received such treatment afterward. All patients completed a self-report questionnaire created for this study to ascertain their consumption of food, beverage, and medication items frequently found on MAOI diet lists. Demographic and diagnostic information was also recorded. RESULTS: The most frequently used high-risk items were the hard cheeses. Ninety percent of patients reported daily or weekly consumption of some food containing cheese, while less than 1% of patients reported never eating hard cheese. Yeast products, dry sausage, corned beef, broad beans, sauerkraut, and beer were used at least monthly by more than 50% of patients. Of the intermediate-risk foods, chocolate was the most frequently consumed, with almost 30% of the patients eating some chocolate daily. Over 40% of patients reported using over-the-counter cold preparations on a monthly basis. CONCLUSION: A wide variety of tyramine-containing foods and contraindicated medications were commonly used by our patients prior to evaluation for possible MAOI pharmacotherapy. The number and diversity of frequently consumed items do not support recommendations to reduce the breadth of restrictions in MAOI diets. Individually targeted dietary assessment and education are recommended to reduce the risks of prescribing MAOIs. FAU - Sweet, R A AU - Sweet RA AD - Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. FAU - Brown, E J AU - Brown EJ FAU - Heimberg, R G AU - Heimberg RG FAU - Ciafre, L AU - Ciafre L FAU - Scanga, D M AU - Scanga DM FAU - Cornelius, J R AU - Cornelius JR FAU - Dube, S AU - Dube S FAU - Forsyth, K M AU - Forsyth KM FAU - Holt, C S AU - Holt CS LA - eng GR - MH-01153/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - MH-30915/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - MH-44119/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - United States TA - J Clin Psychiatry JT - The Journal of clinical psychiatry JID - 7801243 RN - 0 (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Beverages/adverse effects MH - Cheese/adverse effects MH - Depressive Disorder/drug therapy/psychology MH - *Diet Surveys MH - Drug Interactions MH - *Feeding Behavior MH - Female MH - Food/adverse effects MH - Food, Formulated/statistics & numerical data MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/chemically induced MH - Male MH - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/*administration & dosage/adverse effects MH - Nonprescription Drugs/administration & dosage/adverse effects MH - Phobic Disorders/drug therapy/psychology MH - Risk Assessment MH - Surveys and Questionnaires EDAT- 1995/05/01 00:00 MHDA- 1995/05/01 00:01 CRDT- 1995/05/01 00:00 PHST- 1995/05/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1995/05/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1995/05/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Clin Psychiatry. 1995 May;56(5):196-201. PMID- 8185796 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19940617 LR - 20091119 IS - 0251-2432 (Print) IS - 0251-2432 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 4 DP - 1993 TI - Children's eating habits: a question of balance. PG - 404-6 AB - Observations made in Antigua indicate that children consume significant amounts of food between main meals. Some of the constituents of snacks are nutritionally valuable but much of this intake is undesirable and could be laying the foundations of ill-health. Continuing efforts in the field of education on nutrition are clearly necessary for both the children and their parents. FAU - Bartkiw, T P AU - Bartkiw TP AD - Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Switzerland TA - World Health Forum JT - World health forum JID - 8010746 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Antigua and Barbuda MH - Child MH - *Developing Countries MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Nutritive Value MH - Obesity/*prevention & control MH - Protein-Energy Malnutrition/*prevention & control OID - PIP: 091874 OID - POP: 00247057 OAB - Protein malnutrition remains a problem throughout much of the Caribbean region. In Antigua 5-7% of children are malnourished, and 15% of children aged 17-19% are obese and at risk for diabetes, hypertension, and stroke later in life. Problems of malnutrition are exacerbated by the high cost of fruits and vegetables and nonnutritious imports from the US of fatty fast foods that are high in sugar, fat, and additives. Nutrition education is introduced in home economic courses in schools and in parental education efforts. The Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute has a pilot education project operating in elementary and secondary schools. The aim is to study the nature, extent, and quality of snacking among children aged 9-11 years of age. The study involves 20 children who keep a log of foods consumed in the course of a day. Snacks are considered to be all food consumed between meals or after the evening meal. Nonbasic foods are identified as those not fitting the basic six food groups. Findings show that every child eats between meals. 60% of the children eat between breakfast and lunch. 41% of all energy is obtained from foods consumed as snacks between lunch and dinner, and 8% of all energy is obtained from morning snacks. Principal snack foods include soft drinks, fresh fruit and unsweetened fruit juices, sweets and chocolates, sugar, and based products (listed in highest to lowest frequency of consumption). Over 33% of daily energy intake, almost 50% of carbohydrate intake, and almost 66% of added sugar are obtained from snacks. Daily consumption averages 61 g of sugar and ranges from 8 to 101 g. 33% of average energy intake is obtained from meals. OABL- eng OTO - PIP OT - Age Factors OT - Americas OT - *Antigua And Barbuda OT - Caribbean OT - *Child OT - *Child Nutrition OT - *Child Survival OT - Demographic Factors OT - Developing Countries OT - Diseases OT - Health OT - Length Of Life OT - *Malnutrition OT - Mortality OT - North America OT - Nutrition OT - Nutrition Disorders OT - *Pilot Projects OT - Population OT - Population Characteristics OT - Population Dynamics OT - Research Methodology OT - Studies OT - Survivorship OT - Youth GN - PIP: TJ: WORLD HEALTH FORUM. EDAT- 1993/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 1993/01/01 00:01 CRDT- 1993/01/01 00:00 PHST- 1993/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1993/01/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1993/01/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - World Health Forum. 1993;14(4):404-6. PMID- 1441496 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19921223 LR - 20181113 IS - 0093-0415 (Print) IS - 0093-0415 (Linking) VI - 157 IP - 5 DP - 1992 Nov TI - Wake up and smell the coffee. Caffeine, coffee, and the medical consequences. PG - 544-53 AB - Caffeine is a methylxanthine whose primary biologic effect is antagonism of the adenosine receptor. Its presence in coffee, tea, soda beverages, chocolate, and many prescription and over-the-counter drugs makes it the most commonly consumed stimulant drug. Initially caffeine increases blood pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity, serum free fatty acid levels, urine production, and gastric acid secretion. Its long-term effects have been more difficult to substantiate. Most of the caffeine consumed in the United States is in coffee, which contains many other chemicals that may have other biologic actions. The consumption of coffee is a self-reinforcing behavior, and caffeine dependence and addiction are common. Coffee and caffeine intake have been linked to many illnesses, but definitive correlations have been difficult to substantiate. Initial trials showing coffee's association with coronary disease and myocardial infarction have been difficult to reproduce and have many confounding variables. Recent studies showing a larger effect over long follow-up periods and with heavy coffee consumption have again brought the question of the role of coffee in disease states to the fore. Caffeine in average dosages does not seem to increase the risk of arrhythmia. At present there is no convincing evidence that caffeine or coffee consumption increases the risk for any solid tumor. The intake of coffee and caffeine has clearly been decreasing in this country over the past two decades, largely brought about by the increasing health consciousness of Americans. Although there have been many studies that hint that the fears of increased disease with coffee drinking may be warranted, many questions have yet to be answered about the health effects of coffee and caffeine use. FAU - Chou, T AU - Chou T AD - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - West J Med JT - The Western journal of medicine JID - 0410504 RN - 0 (Catecholamines) RN - 0 (Coffee) RN - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) SB - IM MH - Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology MH - Beverages/analysis MH - Caffeine/adverse effects/*pharmacology MH - Catecholamines/metabolism MH - *Coffee/chemistry MH - Coronary Disease/etiology MH - Humans MH - Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology PMC - PMC1022034 EDAT- 1992/11/01 00:00 MHDA- 1992/11/01 00:01 PMCR- 1992/11/01 CRDT- 1992/11/01 00:00 PHST- 1992/11/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1992/11/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1992/11/01 00:00 [entrez] PHST- 1992/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] PST - ppublish SO - West J Med. 1992 Nov;157(5):544-53. PMID- 1578099 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19920609 LR - 20131121 IS - 0731-5724 (Print) IS - 0731-5724 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 2 DP - 1992 Apr TI - Considerations of dietary sodium/potassium/energy ratios of selected foods. PG - 210-22 AB - Various electrolytes and energy intakes have been shown to contribute to the risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Further, dietary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) balance are important in both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management of various cardiovascular states. Emphasis is also given to weight reduction and electrolyte balance. As an aid to food selection to enhance K intake and decrease Na intake, we have categorized foods according to their electrolyte density as related to caloric content. More than 100 individual food items were assigned to one of four categories. Ratios of individual Na, K, and energy content were calculated, based on USDA-generated food nutrient values. Category 1 includes foods that are low in Na, high in K and low in energy: fresh or frozen vegetable sources with vitamins A and C. Category 2 contains foods low in Na relative to high K and high energy: most fruit, starchy vegetables, nuts, milk and meat products, and chocolate. Category 3 includes foods high in Na that are also high in K in relation to low energy: vegetables (canned, frozen in butter sauce or au gratin), most cheeses, cured or frozen meats. Category 4 contains foods high in Na and low in K relative to high energy: bread, rice, luncheon meats, commercial cookies and pastries, and fast food entrees. Commercial cereals could be differentiated by the guidelines, with bran cereals in Category 1, shredded wheat products in Category 2, fruit-containing cereals in Category 3, and presweetened or instant cereals in Category 4. Identification of the ratio of Na and K to content of foods, compared with relative energy ratio, is useful in selecting foods that will help meet specific dietary criteria for management of essential hypertension and other cardiovascular-renal states, both in the adult and pediatric populations. FAU - Arbeit, M L AU - Arbeit ML AD - Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112-2865. FAU - Nicklas, T A AU - Nicklas TA FAU - Berenson, G S AU - Berenson GS LA - eng GR - HL15103/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - United States TA - J Am Coll Nutr JT - Journal of the American College of Nutrition JID - 8215879 RN - 9NEZ333N27 (Sodium) RN - RWP5GA015D (Potassium) SB - IM MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control MH - *Energy Intake MH - *Food Analysis MH - Food Handling MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/prevention & control MH - Kidney Diseases/prevention & control MH - Potassium/*analysis MH - Sodium/*analysis EDAT- 1992/04/01 00:00 MHDA- 1992/04/01 00:01 CRDT- 1992/04/01 00:00 PHST- 1992/04/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1992/04/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1992/04/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Am Coll Nutr. 1992 Apr;11(2):210-22. PMID- 1941565 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19911218 LR - 20190710 IS - 0022-3549 (Print) IS - 0022-3549 (Linking) VI - 80 IP - 7 DP - 1991 Jul TI - Coffee contains cholinomimetic compound distinct from caffeine. I: Purification and chromatographic analysis. PG - 665-9 AB - Both regular and decaffeinated coffees were found to have cholinomimetic actions when tested in urethane-anesthetized rats. These actions were distinct from those of caffeine and reversible by atropine. The bioactive fraction was purified from alcoholic extracts of instant decaffeinated coffee by liquid column chromatography and preparative TLC. The purified compound showed similar pharmacological actions as the starting material. Chromatographic behavior was further characterized by analytical TLC and HPLC. Chromatographic analyses of extracts of green coffee beans and roasted ground coffees showed that the cardioactive compound was only present in roasted coffees. Similar analyses of other commonly consumed beverages, including teas and cocoa, showed that this compound was not present in beverages besides coffee. FAU - Tse, S Y AU - Tse SY AD - Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20007. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Pharm Sci JT - Journal of pharmaceutical sciences JID - 2985195R RN - 0 (Coffee) RN - 0 (Parasympathomimetics) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 7C0697DR9I (Atropine) RN - N9YNS0M02X (Acetylcholine) SB - IM MH - Acetylcholine/analysis MH - Animals MH - Atropine/pharmacology MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Cacao/analysis MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Chromatography, Thin Layer MH - Coffee/*analysis MH - Male MH - Parasympathomimetics/analysis/*isolation & purification MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains MH - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet MH - Tea/analysis EDAT- 1991/07/01 00:00 MHDA- 1991/07/01 00:01 CRDT- 1991/07/01 00:00 PHST- 1991/07/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1991/07/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1991/07/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-3549(15)48588-0 [pii] AID - 10.1002/jps.2600800711 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Pharm Sci. 1991 Jul;80(7):665-9. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600800711. PMID- 2255211 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19910124 LR - 20190828 IS - 0378-8741 (Print) IS - 0378-8741 (Linking) VI - 30 IP - 2 DP - 1990 Sep TI - A hypotensive procyanidin-glycoside from Rhamnus lycioides ssp. lycioides. PG - 205-14 AB - A lyophilized hot water extract of the aerial parts of Rhamnus lycioides L. (Rhamnaceae) produced a lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure in normotensive anaesthetized Wistar rats. An activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of a tetrameric procyanidin-glycoside which produced a clear dose-dependent hypotensive response (1.5-6 mg/kg i.v.). This principle was characterized using acid hydrolysis, thiolytic degradation and spectroscopic methods. It consisted of four flavanol units with a 2,3-cis configuration and with a O-beta-d-glucosylpyranoside function on the epicatechin terminal unit. The interflavan linkage was (4-8). FAU - Terencio, M C AU - Terencio MC AD - Departamento de Farmacologia y Farmacotecnia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain. FAU - Sanz, M J AU - Sanz MJ FAU - Paya, M AU - Paya M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Ireland TA - J Ethnopharmacol JT - Journal of ethnopharmacology JID - 7903310 RN - 0 (Biflavonoids) RN - 0 (Carbon Isotopes) RN - 0 (Glycosides) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Proanthocyanidins) RN - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin) RN - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Biflavonoids MH - Blood Pressure/*drug effects MH - Carbon Isotopes MH - Catechin/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Glycosides/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology MH - Hypotension/*chemically induced MH - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods MH - Male MH - Plant Extracts/analysis/*pharmacology MH - Plants/analysis MH - *Plants, Medicinal MH - *Plants, Toxic MH - *Proanthocyanidins MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains MH - Rhamnus/*analysis EDAT- 1990/09/01 00:00 MHDA- 1990/09/01 00:01 CRDT- 1990/09/01 00:00 PHST- 1990/09/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1990/09/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1990/09/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - 0378-8741(90)90009-I [pii] AID - 10.1016/0378-8741(90)90009-i [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Ethnopharmacol. 1990 Sep;30(2):205-14. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(90)90009-i. PMID- 3302666 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19870909 LR - 20191029 IS - 0742-2814 (Print) IS - 0742-2814 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 1 DP - 1987 Jan-Feb TI - The restaurant syndromes. PG - 39-46 AB - The Restaurant syndromes can be caused by five major factors: food allergens, sulfites, monosodium glutamate (MSG), tartrazine, and scombroidosis (and other seafood poisoning). A history of atopy and ingestion of known food allergens such as peanuts, egg, fish, and walnuts, together with positive results of skin tests or RAST to these foods, will favor a diagnosis of food allergy. Allergic reactions to peanuts have produced fatalities in minutes through an IgE mediated reaction. An extremely rapid onset (minutes) of symptoms consisting of flushing, bronchospasm and hypotension is consistent with a sulfite reaction. Burning, pressure, and tightness or numbness in the face, neck, and upper chest following ingestion of Chinese food favors a diagnosis of adverse reaction to MSG. Also, development of late onset bronchospasm (up to 14 hours) may be related to MSG reactions. Bronchospasm and urticaria in a patient with a history of aspirin intolerance suggests tartrazine sensitivity. If everyone ingesting a fish meal develops flushing, urticaria, pruritus, gastrointestinal complaints, or bronchospasm, this implies scombroidosis, ciguatera, or other seafood poisoning. Finally, severe headache or hypertension can result from ingestion of naturally occurring amines, such as tyramine (cheese, red wine) and phenylethylamine (chocolate). A double-blind oral challenge test may be the only way of confirming the diagnosis for most of the etiological factors of the Restaurant syndromes. The treatment of choice for acute reaction is epinephrine followed by antihistamine. Proper labeling and avoidance of these ingredients in sensitive individuals are the best preventive measures. FAU - Settipane, G A AU - Settipane GA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - N Engl Reg Allergy Proc JT - New England and regional allergy proceedings JID - 8306562 RN - 0 (Azo Compounds) RN - 0 (Food Additives) RN - 0 (Glutamates) RN - 0 (Sulfites) RN - I753WB2F1M (Tartrazine) RN - W81N5U6R6U (Sodium Glutamate) SB - IM MH - Azo Compounds/*adverse effects MH - Fish Products/adverse effects MH - Food Additives/*adverse effects MH - Food Hypersensitivity/*etiology MH - Foodborne Diseases/*etiology MH - Glutamates/*adverse effects MH - Humans MH - Hypersensitivity/*etiology MH - *Restaurants MH - Sodium Glutamate/*adverse effects MH - Sulfites/*adverse effects MH - Syndrome MH - Tartrazine/*adverse effects RF - 68 EDAT- 1987/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 1987/01/01 00:01 CRDT- 1987/01/01 00:00 PHST- 1987/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1987/01/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1987/01/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - 10.2500/108854187779045330 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - N Engl Reg Allergy Proc. 1987 Jan-Feb;8(1):39-46. doi: 10.2500/108854187779045330. PMID- 3850008 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19851115 LR - 20190706 IS - 0009-8981 (Print) IS - 0009-8981 (Linking) VI - 151 IP - 2 DP - 1985 Sep 30 TI - Urinary kallikrein: assay validation and physiological variability. PG - 133-40 AB - Decreased urinary kallikrein (UK) output has been suggested as a preclinical indicator of essential hypertension. In preparation for UK studies in hypertension prone Utah kindreds, we assessed selected UK assay parameters and physiological variability. Precision for the colorimetric kallikrein assay was quite acceptable, coefficient of variation (CV) less than 5% within run and 14% day-to-day at a concentration of 9.5 TU/l. The mean recovery was 105% and assay results were correlated with results from the 3H-TAME esterase method, r = 0.990. Urine specimens were stable at room temperature for up to 4 days, frozen at -20 degrees C for 6 weeks, or frozen at -80 degrees C after Sephadex treatment for a year. UK output varied significantly throughout the day with excretion highest in the morning. Urine collections at 10.00, 12.00 and 14.00 had significantly (p less than 0.05) more UK than the overnight collection. Intra- and inter-individual variations were of the same magnitude, mean 20%. In children UK output increased with age until the adult levels were reached at age 15. Male and female values were similar. Smoking; consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, cola of chocolate; and female hormone medications did not significantly influence the 12-hour UK output in the 1110 caucasian subjects. FAU - Ash, K O AU - Ash KO FAU - Smith, J B AU - Smith JB FAU - Lynch, M AU - Lynch M FAU - Dadone, M AU - Dadone M FAU - Tolman, K G AU - Tolman KG FAU - Williams, R R AU - Williams RR LA - eng GR - HL 24855-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - RR-64/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - Netherlands TA - Clin Chim Acta JT - Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry JID - 1302422 RN - EC 3.4.21.- (Kallikreins) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aging MH - Child MH - Circadian Rhythm MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/urine MH - Kallikreins/*urine MH - Male MH - Middle Aged EDAT- 1985/09/30 00:00 MHDA- 1985/09/30 00:01 CRDT- 1985/09/30 00:00 PHST- 1985/09/30 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1985/09/30 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1985/09/30 00:00 [entrez] AID - 0009-8981(85)90316-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/0009-8981(85)90316-x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Chim Acta. 1985 Sep 30;151(2):133-40. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(85)90316-x. PMID- 6278921 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19820512 LR - 20191210 IS - 0002-9165 (Print) IS - 0002-9165 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 2 DP - 1982 Feb TI - A factor in food which impairs Na+-K+-ATPase in vitro. PG - 250-7 AB - Extracts of foods were examined to identify materials which inactivate Na+-K+-dependent ATPase. Active material which we call food factor was found in tea, cocoa, red wines, and in certain other dietary components. A unit of activity is defined and the material is compared with ouabain and an inhibitory flavone. The possible role of such a food factor in the regulation of sodium metabolism and in the causation of essential high blood pressure is discussed. FAU - Harlan, D M AU - Harlan DM FAU - Mann, G V AU - Mann GV LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Am J Clin Nutr JT - The American journal of clinical nutrition JID - 0376027 RN - 0 (Tannins) RN - 0 (Tea) RN - 5ACL011P69 (Ouabain) RN - EC 7.2.2.13 (Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase) SB - IM MH - Cacao MH - *Food Analysis MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/enzymology MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Ouabain/pharmacology MH - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors MH - Tannins/pharmacology MH - Tea MH - Vegetables EDAT- 1982/02/01 00:00 MHDA- 1982/02/01 00:01 CRDT- 1982/02/01 00:00 PHST- 1982/02/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1982/02/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1982/02/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1093/ajcn/35.2.250 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Feb;35(2):250-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/35.2.250. PMID- 87628 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19790816 LR - 20220321 IS - 0140-6736 (Print) IS - 0140-6736 (Linking) VI - 1 IP - 8123 DP - 1979 May 5 TI - Food allergies and migraine. PG - 966-9 AB - 60 migraine patients completed elimination diets after a 5-day period of withdrawal from their normal diet. 52 (87%) of these patients had been using oral contraceptive steroids, tobacco, and/or ergotamine for an average of 3 years, 22 years, and 7.4 years respectively. The commonest foods causing reactions were wheat (78%), orange (65%), eggs (45%), tea and coffee (40% each), chocolate and milk (37%) each), beef (35%), and corn, cane sugar, and yeast (33% each). When an average of ten common foods were avoided there was a dramatic fall in the number of headaches per month, 85% of patients becoming headache-free. The 25% of patients with hypertension became normotensive. Chemicals in the home environment can make this testing difficult for outpatients. Both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms may play a part in the pathogenesis of migraine caused by food intolerance. FAU - Grant, E C AU - Grant EC LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Lancet JT - Lancet (London, England) JID - 2985213R RN - 0 (Allergens) RN - 0 (Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Coffee) RN - 0 (Tea) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Allergens/*administration & dosage MH - Animals MH - Cacao/adverse effects MH - Carbohydrates/adverse effects MH - Cattle MH - Coffee/adverse effects MH - Eggs/adverse effects MH - Female MH - Food Hypersensitivity/*complications MH - Fruit/adverse effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Meat/adverse effects MH - Middle Aged MH - Migraine Disorders/diet therapy/*etiology MH - Milk/adverse effects MH - Tea/adverse effects MH - Triticum/adverse effects MH - Yeast, Dried/adverse effects MH - Zea mays/adverse effects EDAT- 1979/05/05 00:00 MHDA- 1979/05/05 00:01 CRDT- 1979/05/05 00:00 PHST- 1979/05/05 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1979/05/05 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1979/05/05 00:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91735-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Lancet. 1979 May 5;1(8123):966-9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91735-5. PMID- 5726978 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19690205 LR - 20190713 IS - 0032-5481 (Print) IS - 0032-5481 (Linking) VI - 44 IP - 6 DP - 1968 Dec TI - Cheese and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. PG - 185-6 FAU - Mayer, J AU - Mayer J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Postgrad Med JT - Postgraduate medicine JID - 0401147 RN - 0 (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) SB - IM MH - Cacao MH - *Cheese MH - Drug Synergism MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/*chemically induced MH - *Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors EDAT- 1968/12/01 00:00 MHDA- 1968/12/01 00:01 CRDT- 1968/12/01 00:00 PHST- 1968/12/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1968/12/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1968/12/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/00325481.1968.11693466 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Postgrad Med. 1968 Dec;44(6):185-6. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1968.11693466.