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In adults with type 2 diabetes, are GLP-1 receptor agonists associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline?

DoneStarted Oct 29, 2026, 03:15 UTCFinished Oct 29, 2026, 03:16 UTC

Stages

  1. Finding the known studies(done)
  2. Drafting(done)
  3. Checking MeSH(done)
  4. Counting in PubMed(done)
  5. Checking known studies(done)
  6. Comparing with the reference(done)
  7. Run Search(done)
  8. Saving(done)
Run log (20)
  1. Finding the known studies: No known studies were given
  2. Drafting: Drafting concepts and terms
  3. Checking MeSH: Checking every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type against NLM
  4. Counting in PubMed: Running 13 lines on PubMed
  5. Line 1: 204,451 records
  6. Line 2: 257,670 records
  7. Line 4: 24,312 records
  8. Line 3: 301,682 records
  9. Line 6: 44,306 records
  10. Line 7: 457,445 records
  11. Line 8: 791,327 records
  12. Line 11: 4,884,955 records
  13. Line 9: 912,006 records
  14. Line 10: 752 records
  15. Line 12: 726 records
  16. Line 13: 709 records
  17. Line 5: 42,784 records
  18. Run Search: Fetching the first 20 records
  19. Saving: Saving the run
  20. Finished.

Final count (line 13)

709

Open in PubMed (opens in a new tab)
Query as run (1,664 characters)(((("Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[Mesh]) OR ("type 2 diabet*"[tiab] OR "type II diabet*"[tiab] OR "diabetes mellitus type 2"[tiab] OR "diabetes type 2"[tiab] OR T2DM[tiab] OR T2D[tiab] OR NIDDM[tiab] OR "non insulin dependent diabetes"[tiab] OR "adult onset diabetes"[tiab])) AND (("Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists"[Mesh] OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor"[Mesh] OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide 1"[Mesh] OR "Incretins"[Mesh] OR "Liraglutide"[Mesh] OR "Exenatide"[Mesh] OR "Semaglutide"[Mesh] OR "dulaglutide"[Supplementary Concept] OR "lixisenatide"[Supplementary Concept] OR "Tirzepatide"[Mesh]) OR ("GLP-1"[tiab] OR GLP1[tiab] OR "GLP-1RA"[tiab] OR "GLP-1RAs"[tiab] OR "glucagon-like peptide-1"[tiab] OR incretin*[tiab] OR liraglutide[tiab] OR exenatide[tiab] OR semaglutide[tiab] OR dulaglutide[tiab] OR lixisenatide[tiab] OR albiglutide[tiab] OR tirzepatide[tiab] OR efpeglenatide[tiab] OR taspoglutide[tiab] OR beinaglutide[tiab] OR Ozempic[tiab] OR Victoza[tiab] OR Trulicity[tiab] OR Byetta[tiab])) AND (("Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Cognitive Dysfunction"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR (dementia[tiab] OR alzheimer*[tiab] OR "cognitive decline"[tiab] OR "cognitive impairment"[tiab] OR "cognitive dysfunction"[tiab] OR "cognitive function*"[tiab] OR "cognitive performance"[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR neurocognitive[tiab] OR "memory impairment"[tiab] OR "memory loss"[tiab] OR "executive function*"[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab]))) NOT ("Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type])) AND english[la]

Known studies

No known studies were given, so recall was not checked.

Only studies the model never saw are counted. Finding known studies does not prove the search is complete.

Reference strategy

No reference strategy was given.

Search lines

Vocabulary terms are marked ✓︎ valid, ↪︎ mapped to the preferred heading, ✗︎ not found, ⚠︎ not checked.
Numbered search lines with their PubMed counts
No.SearchResults
1

Type 2 diabetes

"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D003924)		204,451
2

Type 2 diabetes

"type 2 diabet*"[tiab] OR "type II diabet*"[tiab] OR "diabetes mellitus type 2"[tiab] OR "diabetes type 2"[tiab] OR T2DM[tiab] OR T2D[tiab] OR NIDDM[tiab] OR "non insulin dependent diabetes"[tiab] OR "adult onset diabetes"[tiab]		257,670
3

Type 2 diabetes · block

1 OR 2		301,682
4

GLP-1 receptor agonists

"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000097789) OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000067757) OR "Glucagon-Like Peptide 1"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D052216) OR "Incretins"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D054795) OR "Liraglutide"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000069450) OR "Exenatide"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000077270) OR "Semaglutide"[Mesh] (MeSH heading wrong kind of record: "semaglutide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.) OR "dulaglutide"[Supplementary Concept] (Supplementary Concept valid: C555680) OR "lixisenatide"[Supplementary Concept] (Supplementary Concept valid: C479460) OR "Tirzepatide"[Mesh] (MeSH heading wrong kind of record: "tirzepatide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.)
  • Warning: "semaglutide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.
  • Warning: "tirzepatide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.
24,312
5

GLP-1 receptor agonists

"GLP-1"[tiab] OR GLP1[tiab] OR "GLP-1RA"[tiab] OR "GLP-1RAs"[tiab] OR "glucagon-like peptide-1"[tiab] OR incretin*[tiab] OR liraglutide[tiab] OR exenatide[tiab] OR semaglutide[tiab] OR dulaglutide[tiab] OR lixisenatide[tiab] OR albiglutide[tiab] OR tirzepatide[tiab] OR efpeglenatide[tiab] OR taspoglutide[tiab] OR beinaglutide[tiab] OR Ozempic[tiab] OR Victoza[tiab] OR Trulicity[tiab] OR Byetta[tiab]		42,784
6

GLP-1 receptor agonists · block

4 OR 5		44,306
7

Dementia and cognitive decline

"Dementia"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D003704) OR "Cognitive Dysfunction"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D060825) OR "Cognition"[Mesh:NoExp] (MeSH heading valid: D003071) OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh:NoExp] (MeSH heading valid: D003072)		457,445
8

Dementia and cognitive decline

dementia[tiab] OR alzheimer*[tiab] OR "cognitive decline"[tiab] OR "cognitive impairment"[tiab] OR "cognitive dysfunction"[tiab] OR "cognitive function*"[tiab] OR "cognitive performance"[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR neurocognitive[tiab] OR "memory impairment"[tiab] OR "memory loss"[tiab] OR "executive function*"[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab]		791,327
9

Dementia and cognitive decline · block

7 OR 8		912,006
10

combined

3 AND 6 AND 9		752
11

excluded

"Comment"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016420) OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016421) OR "Letter"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016422) OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D002363) OR "Preprint"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D000076942)		4,884,955
12

exclusions removed

10 NOT 11		726
13Final

limits

12 AND english[la]		709

Issues

1 errors, 4 warnings, 0 notes
  • Error: "albiglutide" is not a Supplementary Concept. Kept as a disabled text term.
  • Warning: "semaglutide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.
  • Warning: "tirzepatide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.
  • Warning: Language limit (english): it can remove relevant studies; report and justify it.
  • Warning: Publication types excluded with NOT (Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint): report and justify the exclusion.

First records

The first 20 of the final line's records, as PubMed sorts them.
  1. Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Cognitive Performance in Adults at Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Abbatecola AM, Migliara G, D'Agostino F et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42942883

  2. Neuropsychiatric Outcomes Associated With GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Medicare Beneficiaries With Type 2 Diabetes: Variation by Treatment Pattern and Obesity Status. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Baik SH, Baye F, Xian H et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026 · PMID 42928425

  3. Modern antidiabetic therapy in older adults with type 2 diabetes: evidence, best practice and a clinical pharmacist's framework. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Martinc B, Šabovič M, Janić M et al. · Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42911774

  4. Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Sarkar R, Kabra A, S Saeedan A et al. · ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026 · PMID 42871641

  5. The effects of improved access to diabetes medications on risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Barthold D, Zissimopoulos J, Basu A et al. · Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026 · PMID 42860380

  6. GLP-1 receptor agonists in perimenopause and early postmenopause: clinical role, cardiometabolic benefits and knowledge gaps. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Ozcivit Erkan IB, Senturk LM, Erel CT et al. · Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2026 · PMID 42847987

  7. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Versus DPP-4 Inhibitors and Incident Dementia Risk in COVID-19 Survivors with Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation Study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Hung KC, Yu TS, Liu PH et al. · Drug design, development and therapy · 2026 · PMID 42831108

  8. Mitohormesis linking metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration: implications for dementia and therapeutic strategies. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Otoda T, Nakajima H, Takayama T · Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026 · PMID 42812893

  9. Genetic Insights Into Protective Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Stroke and Alzheimer Disease Across Ancestries. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Caro-Châtelier I, Sargurupremraj M, Yang C et al. · Neurology. Genetics · 2026 · PMID 42812740

  10. Benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in older patients with type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Mortada I, Paul K, Rice J et al. · Diabetes & vascular disease research · 2026 · PMID 42808164

  11. Trajectory-Oriented Brain Vulnerability Framework for Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Komel J, Klen J · International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PMID 42794768

  12. The Interplay of Metabolic Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Balance Impairment: Insights from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Fakorede S, Lateef OM, Udefa AL et al. · Molecular neurobiology · 2026 · PMID 42789205

  13. Evoke (+) trials of semaglutide for early alzheimer's disease: Innovations, lessons, and implications. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Cummings JL, Scheltens P · The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026 · PMID 42785112

  14. The Intertwined Threat: How Diabetes Impacts Neurological Disorders - A Review Article. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Rajput P, Jakhar M, Kashyap A et al. · Acta neurologica Taiwanica · 2026 · PMID 42784708

  15. Dementia progression with GLP-1 receptor agonists in people with mild cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes: target-trial emulation study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Schechter M, Sehtman-Shachar DR, Fishkin A et al. · Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2026 · PMID 42769274

  16. Comparative Risk of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Among Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: An Integrated Safety and Mechanistic Analysis. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Sun H, Xin X, Yan J et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026 · PMID 42768849

  17. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and cognitive function: beyond the metabolic effects. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Polyzos SA, Doulberis M, Zervogiannis N et al. · Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026 · PMID 42736531

  18. Glycolytic Reprogramming in Parkinson's Disease: From Bioenergetic Crosstalk to Therapeutic Modulation. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Yi Y, Chen C, He Y et al. · Medicinal research reviews · 2026 · PMID 42695230

  19. The Crosstalk Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular Perspective. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Catakli D, Ozen-Basoglu O, Tuncgovde EB et al. · Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026 · PMID 42693696

  20. Shared Metabolic-Proteinopathy Axis in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Evidence for a Convergent but Not Identical Disease Spectrum. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Yao SY, Du MQ, Lin LX et al. · Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2026 · PMID 42688951

Export

Strategy (.txt)PMIDs (.txt)MEDLINE (.txt)Provenance (.json)

The strategy file has the numbered lines with counts, the search date and the AI-use statement. PMIDs and MEDLINE are fetched from PubMed when you download, so they reflect PubMed today.

Checking PubMed for the current list of PMIDs…

Objective and notes from the draft

To determine whether treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, compared with no treatment, placebo or other glucose-lowering drugs, is associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline in adults with type 2 diabetes.

  • The outcome block is required because the review is defined by dementia and cognitive outcomes.
  • The diabetes block is required as the stated population; studies of GLP-1 receptor agonists in mixed populations (e.g., obesity with and without diabetes) that do not mention diabetes would be missed. Drop this block if broader capture is wanted, since GLP-1 receptor agonist and dementia studies alone remain a manageable set.
  • Adults are not searched as a separate concept because almost all type 2 diabetes studies concern adults; age filtering is better done at screening.
  • Comparators (other glucose-lowering drugs, placebo) are not searched, as they would only narrow the results.
  • Tirzepatide and the incretin terms are included for sensitivity; incretin also retrieves DPP-4 inhibitor studies, which can be excluded at screening.
  • The heading Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists is recent; older records are covered by the receptor, hormone, incretin and individual drug headings and Supplementary Concepts.
  • Bare memory and attention are not used because they also retrieve immunological memory and machine-learning records.

Edit the strategy

Changes are not searched until you recount. Each recount is saved as a new version.

Type 2 diabetesPopulation

301,682 records · 10 of 10 terms on · 4 suggestions off

  • MeSH valid: D003924AI

    "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[Mesh]

    Main MeSH heading for type 2 diabetes; not restricted to major topic because diabetes is often a background population in drug-safety studies.

  • TextAI

    "type 2 diabet*"[tiab]

    Captures type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetic in title or abstract.

    Fields to search for type 2 diabet
  • TextAI

    "type II diabet*"[tiab]

    Roman-numeral spelling variant.

    Fields to search for type II diabet
  • TextAI

    "diabetes mellitus type 2"[tiab]

    Inverted word-order variant used by authors and in the heading's entry terms.

    Fields to search for diabetes mellitus type 2
  • TextAI

    "diabetes type 2"[tiab]

    Short inverted variant.

    Fields to search for diabetes type 2
  • TextAI

    T2DM[tiab]

    Common unambiguous abbreviation for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Fields to search for T2DM
  • TextAI

    T2D[tiab]

    Common abbreviation for type 2 diabetes.

    Fields to search for T2D
  • TextAI

    NIDDM[tiab]

    Older abbreviation for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

    Fields to search for NIDDM
  • TextAI

    "non insulin dependent diabetes"[tiab]

    Older synonym from the heading's entry terms.

    Fields to search for non insulin dependent diabetes
  • TextAI

    "adult onset diabetes"[tiab]

    Older synonym from the heading's entry terms.

    Fields to search for adult onset diabetes
Suggested MeSH entry terms (4, off)
  • TextEntry term

    "Maturity-Onset Diabetes"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2" (D003924)

    Fields to search for Maturity-Onset Diabetes
  • TextEntry term

    "Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2" (D003924)

    Fields to search for Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus
  • TextEntry term

    "Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2" (D003924)

    Fields to search for Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
  • TextEntry term

    "MODY Maturity-onset diabetes of the young"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2" (D003924)

    Fields to search for MODY (Maturity-onset diabetes of the young)
Fields to search

GLP-1 receptor agonistsIntervention

44,306 records · 30 of 31 terms on · 17 suggestions off

  • MeSH valid: D000097789AI

    "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists"[Mesh]

    Pharmacological-action heading for the drug class under review.

  • MeSH valid: D000067757AI

    "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor"[Mesh]

    Older records index GLP-1 receptor agonist studies under the receptor heading.

  • MeSH valid: D052216AI

    "Glucagon-Like Peptide 1"[Mesh]

    Hormone heading used for GLP-1 analogues in older indexing.

  • MeSH valid: D054795AI

    "Incretins"[Mesh]

    Class heading used for incretin-based therapies including GLP-1 analogues.

  • MeSH valid: D000069450AI

    "Liraglutide"[Mesh]

    Specific GLP-1 receptor agonist with its own heading.

  • MeSH valid: D000077270AI

    "Exenatide"[Mesh]

    Specific GLP-1 receptor agonist with its own heading.

  • MeSH valid: D000099194AI

    "Semaglutide"[Mesh]

    Specific GLP-1 receptor agonist recorded as a Supplementary Concept.

    • Warning: "semaglutide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.
  • SCR valid: C555680AI

    "dulaglutide"[Supplementary Concept]

    Specific GLP-1 receptor agonist recorded as a Supplementary Concept.

  • SCR valid: C479460AI

    "lixisenatide"[Supplementary Concept]

    Specific GLP-1 receptor agonist recorded as a Supplementary Concept.

  • TextAI

    albiglutide[tiab]

    proposed as a Supplementary Concept; no such record

    Fields to search for albiglutide
    • Error: "albiglutide" is not a Supplementary Concept. Kept as a disabled text term.
  • MeSH valid: D000098860AI

    "Tirzepatide"[Mesh]

    Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist recorded as a Supplementary Concept.

    • Warning: "tirzepatide" is a MeSH heading, not a Supplementary Concept; tagged [Mesh] instead.
  • TextAI

    "GLP-1"[tiab]

    Covers GLP-1 receptor agonist, GLP-1 analogue and GLP-1-based therapy phrasing.

    Fields to search for GLP-1
  • TextAI

    GLP1[tiab]

    Joined spelling of GLP-1.

    Fields to search for GLP1
  • TextAI

    "GLP-1RA"[tiab]

    Common joined abbreviation for GLP-1 receptor agonist.

    Fields to search for GLP-1RA
  • TextAI

    "GLP-1RAs"[tiab]

    Plural of the joined abbreviation.

    Fields to search for GLP-1RAs
  • TextAI

    "glucagon-like peptide-1"[tiab]

    Spelled-out name of the hormone the drug class mimics.

    Fields to search for glucagon-like peptide-1
  • TextAI

    incretin*[tiab]

    Captures incretin mimetics and incretin-based therapies.

    Fields to search for incretin
  • TextAI

    liraglutide[tiab]

    Drug name.

    Fields to search for liraglutide
  • TextAI

    exenatide[tiab]

    Drug name.

    Fields to search for exenatide
  • TextAI

    semaglutide[tiab]

    Drug name.

    Fields to search for semaglutide
  • TextAI

    dulaglutide[tiab]

    Drug name.

    Fields to search for dulaglutide
  • TextAI

    lixisenatide[tiab]

    Drug name.

    Fields to search for lixisenatide
  • TextAI

    albiglutide[tiab]

    Drug name.

    Fields to search for albiglutide
  • TextAI

    tirzepatide[tiab]

    Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist drug name.

    Fields to search for tirzepatide
  • TextAI

    efpeglenatide[tiab]

    Investigational GLP-1 receptor agonist studied in cardiovascular outcome trials.

    Fields to search for efpeglenatide
  • TextAI

    taspoglutide[tiab]

    Investigational GLP-1 receptor agonist.

    Fields to search for taspoglutide
  • TextAI

    beinaglutide[tiab]

    GLP-1 receptor agonist marketed in China.

    Fields to search for beinaglutide
  • TextAI

    Ozempic[tiab]

    Brand name of semaglutide.

    Fields to search for Ozempic
  • TextAI

    Victoza[tiab]

    Brand name of liraglutide.

    Fields to search for Victoza
  • TextAI

    Trulicity[tiab]

    Brand name of dulaglutide.

    Fields to search for Trulicity
  • TextAI

    Byetta[tiab]

    Brand name of exenatide.

    Fields to search for Byetta
Suggested MeSH entry terms (17, off)
  • TextEntry term

    "GLP1R Agonists"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists" (D000097789)

    Fields to search for GLP1R Agonists
  • TextEntry term

    "GLP-1R Agonists"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists" (D000097789)

    Fields to search for GLP-1R Agonists
  • TextEntry term

    "GLP1R Protein"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor" (D000067757)

    Fields to search for GLP1R Protein
  • TextEntry term

    "GLP1R Receptor"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor" (D000067757)

    Fields to search for GLP1R Receptor
  • TextEntry term

    "GLP-1R Receptor"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor" (D000067757)

    Fields to search for GLP-1R Receptor
  • TextEntry term

    "Glucose-Dependent Insulin-Releasing Hormone"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Incretins" (D054795)

    Fields to search for Glucose-Dependent Insulin-Releasing Hormone
  • TextEntry term

    "NN-2211"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "NN 2211" under the MeSH heading "Liraglutide" (D000069450)

    Fields to search for NN-2211
  • TextEntry term

    Saxenda[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Liraglutide" (D000069450)

    Fields to search for Saxenda
  • TextEntry term

    NN2211[tiab]

    Narrower concept "NN 2211" under the MeSH heading "Liraglutide" (D000069450)

    Fields to search for NN2211
  • TextEntry term

    "AC 2993"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Exenatide" (D000077270)

    Fields to search for AC 2993
  • TextEntry term

    Bydureon[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Exenatide" (D000077270)

    Fields to search for Bydureon
  • TextEntry term

    "ITCA 650"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Exenatide" (D000077270)

    Fields to search for ITCA 650
  • TextEntry term

    "AC 2993 LAR"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Exenatide" (D000077270)

    Fields to search for AC 2993 LAR
  • TextEntry term

    Rybelsus[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Semaglutide" (D000099194)

    Fields to search for Rybelsus
  • TextEntry term

    Mounjaro[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Tirzepatide" (D000098860)

    Fields to search for Mounjaro
  • TextEntry term

    Zepbound[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Tirzepatide" (D000098860)

    Fields to search for Zepbound
  • TextEntry term

    LY3298176[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Tirzepatide" (D000098860)

    Fields to search for LY3298176
Fields to search

Dementia and cognitive declineOutcome

912,006 records · 17 of 17 terms on · 4 suggestions off

  • MeSH valid: D003704AI

    "Dementia"[Mesh]

    Exploded to include Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia and other dementias.

  • MeSH valid: D060825AI

    "Cognitive Dysfunction"[Mesh]

    Heading for mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline.

  • MeSH valid: D003071AI

    "Cognition"[Mesh:NoExp]

    Cognitive function as an outcome; not exploded to avoid narrower headings unrelated to decline.

  • MeSH valid: D003072AI

    "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh:NoExp]

    General heading for cognitive disorders without bringing in all narrower headings.

  • TextAI

    dementia[tiab]

    Primary outcome term, often appearing only in the abstract of drug-safety studies.

    Fields to search for dementia
  • TextAI

    alzheimer*[tiab]

    Captures Alzheimer and Alzheimer's disease.

    Fields to search for alzheimer
  • TextAI

    "cognitive decline"[tiab]

    Key outcome phrase in the question.

    Fields to search for cognitive decline
  • TextAI

    "cognitive impairment"[tiab]

    Covers mild cognitive impairment and general impairment.

    Fields to search for cognitive impairment
  • TextAI

    "cognitive dysfunction"[tiab]

    Entry-term synonym.

    Fields to search for cognitive dysfunction
  • TextAI

    "cognitive function*"[tiab]

    Captures cognitive function and functioning as measured outcomes.

    Fields to search for cognitive function
  • TextAI

    "cognitive performance"[tiab]

    Outcome wording in trials using cognitive test batteries.

    Fields to search for cognitive performance
  • TextAI

    cognition[tiab]

    General cognitive outcome term.

    Fields to search for cognition
  • TextAI

    neurocognitive[tiab]

    Adjective used for cognitive outcomes and disorders.

    Fields to search for neurocognitive
  • TextAI

    "memory impairment"[tiab]

    Cognitive sense of memory, phrased to avoid immunological memory.

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  • TextAI

    "memory loss"[tiab]

    Cognitive sense of memory symptom.

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  • TextAI

    "executive function*"[tiab]

    Cognitive domain frequently tested in diabetes cognition studies.

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  • TextAI

    neurodegenerat*[tiab]

    Captures neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disease, framing often used for GLP-1 and dementia research.

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Suggested MeSH entry terms (4, off)
  • TextEntry term

    Amentia[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Dementia" (D003704)

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  • TextEntry term

    "Cognitive Disorder"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Cognitive Dysfunction" (D060825)

    Fields to search for Cognitive Disorder
  • TextEntry term

    "Cognitive Impairments"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Cognitive Dysfunction" (D060825)

    Fields to search for Cognitive Impairments
  • TextEntry term

    Overinclusion[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Cognition Disorders" (D003072)

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Fields to search

Limits

Publication types to exclude

Each one is checked against MeSH publication types before it is added.

  • Comment
  • Editorial
  • Letter
  • Case Reports
  • Preprint

No changes.