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From a question

cocolate impact on kids

DoneStarted Oct 29, 2026, 08:15 UTCFinished Oct 29, 2026, 08:16 UTC

Stages

  1. Finding the known studies(done)
  2. Drafting(done)
  3. Checking MeSH(done)
  4. Counting in PubMed(done)
  5. Checking known studies(done)
  6. Comparing with the reference(done)
  7. Run Search(done)
  8. Saving(done)
Run log (17)
  1. Finding the known studies: No known studies were given
  2. Drafting: Drafting concepts and terms
  3. Checking MeSH: Checking every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type against NLM
  4. Counting in PubMed: Running 10 lines on PubMed
  5. Line 1: 4,796 records
  6. Line 2: 12,683 records
  7. Line 4: 3,715,810 records
  8. Line 3: 13,066 records
  9. Line 8: 4,884,955 records
  10. Line 6: 4,506,569 records
  11. Line 7: 1,786 records
  12. Line 9: 1,695 records
  13. Line 10: 467 records
  14. Line 5: 2,495,095 records
  15. Run Search: Fetching the first 20 records
  16. Saving: Saving the run
  17. Finished.

Final count (line 10)

467

Open in PubMed (opens in a new tab)
Query as run (637 characters)(((("Chocolate"[Mesh] OR "Cacao"[Mesh]) OR (chocolate*[tiab] OR cocoa*[tiab] OR cacao[tiab])) AND (("Child"[Mesh] OR "Adolescent"[Mesh] OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh]) OR (child[tiab] OR children[tiab] OR childhood[tiab] OR kids[tiab] OR pediatric[tiab] OR paediatric[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR "school children"[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR youth[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab]))) NOT ("Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND 2020:3000[dp]

Known studies

No known studies were given, so recall was not checked.

Only studies the model never saw are counted. Finding known studies does not prove the search is complete.

Reference strategy

No reference strategy was given.

Search lines

Vocabulary terms are marked ✓︎ valid, ↪︎ mapped to the preferred heading, ✗︎ not found, ⚠︎ not checked.
Numbered search lines with their PubMed counts
No.SearchResults
1

Chocolate and cocoa

"Chocolate"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000069956) OR "Cacao"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D002099)		4,796
2

Chocolate and cocoa

chocolate*[tiab] OR cocoa*[tiab] OR cacao[tiab]		12,683
3

Chocolate and cocoa · block

1 OR 2		13,066
4

Children and adolescents

"Child"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D002648) OR "Adolescent"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000293) OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D010372)		3,715,810
5

Children and adolescents

child[tiab] OR children[tiab] OR childhood[tiab] OR kids[tiab] OR pediatric[tiab] OR paediatric[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR "school children"[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR youth[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab]		2,495,095
6

Children and adolescents · block

4 OR 5		4,506,569
7

combined

3 AND 6		1,786
8

excluded

"Comment"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016420) OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016421) OR "Letter"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016422) OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D002363) OR "Preprint"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D000076942)		4,884,955
9

exclusions removed

7 NOT 8		1,695
10Final

limits

9 AND english[la] AND 2020:3000[dp]		467

Issues

0 errors, 2 warnings, 0 notes
  • Warning: Language limit (english): it can remove relevant studies; report and justify it.
  • Warning: Publication types excluded with NOT (Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint): report and justify the exclusion.

First records

The first 20 of the final line's records, as PubMed sorts them.
  1. Exploring Rural Children's Ideal Healthy Smoothie: A Visual Focus Group Study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Randall T, Walters D, Rouse N et al. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42940291

  2. Influence of commonly consumed beverages on surface roughness and color stability of resin-based composites before and after thermocycling. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Sahin M, Ozyilkan D · BMC oral health · 2026 · PMID 42928197

  3. Flavored e-cigarette use and its association with subsequent short-term e-cigarette abstinence among youth, young adults and adults: Findings from the United States longitudinal population assessment of tobacco use and health, 2016 to 2023. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Streck JM, Hyatt AS, Schuster RM et al. · Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 42898034

  4. The Nutrition Facts of Comfort Foods in the United States: Results from the Census-Matched Eating in America Study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Chiu DT, Cummings JR, Martinez-Steele E et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42884708

  5. Identification and quantification of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-4en-PINACA in edible products seized by United Kingdom police in 2024. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Gardner M, Proctor K, Old M et al. · Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 42866963

  6. Individual effects of a nutritional supplementation blend on sleep in professional under-17 footballers: a replicate crossover trial. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Jackson TG, Di Salvo V, Parker LJF et al. · Science & medicine in football · 2026 · PMID 42836311

  7. A Comparative Study of Commercial 3D Printers for Food Fabrication Based on Printing Ink Gels. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Xu Y, Xu W, Pan J et al. · Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42794327

  8. Real-life use of non-pharmacological strategies and their relationship with symptom burden in primary dysmenorrhea: a cross-sectional study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Küçük S, Avcı S, Sevil Ü · BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026 · PMID 42786457

  9. Dietary exposure to mycotoxins for children aged 3-11 years from a Dutch Total Diet Study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Boon PE, de Pagter-de Witte L, Vrijenhoek NG et al. · Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2026 · PMID 42716241

  10. A lifespan perspective on stress and happiness: a qualitative metaphor analysis of young and older adults. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Öner K · BMC psychology · 2026 · PMID 42711739

  11. Cross-reactivity between cacao and tree nuts in a pediatric allergic patient. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Torres ALG, Rodríguez ALH, Martínez MJM et al. · Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026 · PMID 42660291

  12. Assessment of erosive potential of various condiments on primary teeth: An in vitro study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Subramaniam P, Shenoy AS · Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry · 2026 · PMID 42641099

  13. Marketing Practices and Nutrition Content of Toddler Milk Across the Americas. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Richter APC, Lazard AJ, Duffy EW et al. · Pediatrics · 2026 · PMID 42633893

  14. Placental Epigenetic Alterations and IL-10 Dysregulation Drive Early Persistent Food Allergy. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Choi EJ, Lee SH, Lee SH et al. · Allergy · 2026 · PMID 42618975

  15. Early-life internalizing behavioral trajectories and childhood-onset asthma: An epigenetic link. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Yoon J, Lee SH, Kim J et al. · Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026 · PMID 42605184

  16. Prevalence, associated factors, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates in suspected ear infections at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Amare A, Tigabie M, Ayalew G et al. · Science progress · 2026 · PMID 42567529

  17. Reverse endothelial scraping technique for refractory deep infectious keratitis: Novel surgical technique and outcome evaluation. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Udasi S, Garg A, Chauhan N et al. · Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026 · PMID 42545773

  18. Food Industry By-Products as Natural Preservatives: Supporting Adolescent Food Literacy and Critical Food Choices. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Silva P · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42356247

  19. Microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns in clinical specimens from a secondary-level hospital in Accra, Ghana: a five-year retrospective study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Larbi W, Afutu LL, Sarpong EA et al. · BMC microbiology · 2026 · PMID 42350959

  20. Dietary polyphenols in pediatric obesity and cardiometabolic risk: mechanisms and clinical evidence. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Calcaterra V, Cena H, Conti MV et al. · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42325523

Export

Strategy (.txt)PMIDs (.txt)MEDLINE (.txt)Provenance (.json)

The strategy file has the numbered lines with counts, the search date and the AI-use statement. PMIDs and MEDLINE are fetched from PubMed when you download, so they reflect PubMed today.

Checking PubMed for the current list of PMIDs…

Objective and notes from the draft

To identify studies of chocolate or cocoa consumption in children and adolescents, and its effects on any health, nutritional, dental, cognitive, behavioural or other outcome.

  • The question was read as chocolate (misspelt 'cocolate') and its effects on children; no specific outcome was named, so no outcome block was added and any effect is in scope. If the review targets one outcome (e.g. dental caries, obesity, cognition, behaviour, allergy), an outcome block can be added to narrow the results.
  • Kids was interpreted as children and adolescents up to 18 years; infants were not included because chocolate is rarely studied in infancy. Add Infant[Mesh] and infant* if infants are wanted.
  • Theobromine and Candy headings were deliberately left out: theobromine is also studied in tea and as a drug, and candy brings in non-chocolate sweets. Broader sugar-sweetened food or snack terms were also omitted.
  • Children's age headings are assigned to human studies only; animal studies of maternal or juvenile chocolate exposure will be found only if they use the child words in the text.

Edit the strategy

Changes are not searched until you recount. Each recount is saved as a new version.

Chocolate and cocoaExposure

13,066 records · 5 of 5 terms on

  • MeSH valid: D000069956AI

    "Chocolate"[Mesh]

    The specific heading for chocolate products; not restricted to major topic to keep sensitivity in a small literature.

  • MeSH valid: D002099AI

    "Cacao"[Mesh]

    Covers cocoa beans and cocoa products, which studies of cocoa flavanols are indexed under.

  • TextAI

    chocolate*[tiab]

    Core word with plural and adjective forms (chocolates, chocolatey), including chocolate milk.

    Fields to search for chocolate
  • TextAI

    cocoa*[tiab]

    Captures cocoa, cocoa powder and cocoa flavanol studies.

    Fields to search for cocoa
  • TextAI

    cacao[tiab]

    Alternative botanical name used by some authors.

    Fields to search for cacao
Fields to search

Children and adolescentsPopulation

4,506,569 records · 18 of 18 terms on

  • MeSH valid: D002648AI

    "Child"[Mesh]

    Age heading for 6-12 years; exploded to include Child, Preschool.

  • MeSH valid: D000293AI

    "Adolescent"[Mesh]

    Age heading for 13-18 years, since kids in everyday use often includes teenagers.

  • MeSH valid: D010372AI

    "Pediatrics"[Mesh]

    Picks up records indexed by the paediatric specialty rather than an age heading.

  • TextAI

    child[tiab]

    Singular form; truncation would also catch childhood and childbirth, so variants are listed.

    Fields to search for child
  • TextAI

    children[tiab]

    Most common plural used by authors.

    Fields to search for children
  • TextAI

    childhood[tiab]

    Used for exposures and outcomes framed by life stage.

    Fields to search for childhood
  • TextAI

    kids[tiab]

    Informal term used in the question and some titles.

    Fields to search for kids
  • TextAI

    pediatric[tiab]

    American spelling of the paediatric adjective.

    Fields to search for pediatric
  • TextAI

    paediatric[tiab]

    British spelling of the paediatric adjective.

    Fields to search for paediatric
  • TextAI

    schoolchild*[tiab]

    Covers schoolchild and schoolchildren.

    Fields to search for schoolchild
  • TextAI

    "school children"[tiab]

    Two-word form of schoolchildren.

    Fields to search for school children
  • TextAI

    preschool*[tiab]

    Covers preschool and preschoolers.

    Fields to search for preschool
  • TextAI

    toddler*[tiab]

    Young children who may be given chocolate drinks or snacks.

    Fields to search for toddler
  • TextAI

    adolescen*[tiab]

    Covers adolescent, adolescents and adolescence.

    Fields to search for adolescen
  • TextAI

    teenager*[tiab]

    Lay synonym for adolescents.

    Fields to search for teenager
  • TextAI

    youth[tiab]

    Common collective term for young people.

    Fields to search for youth
  • TextAI

    boys[tiab]

    Sex-specific term for child participants.

    Fields to search for boys
  • TextAI

    girls[tiab]

    Sex-specific term for child participants.

    Fields to search for girls
Fields to search

Limits

Publication types to exclude

Each one is checked against MeSH publication types before it is added.

  • Comment
  • Editorial
  • Letter
  • Case Reports
  • Preprint

No changes.