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In children and adolescents under 18 years, what measures of nutrition (dietary intake, diet quality, the home food environment), physical activity, and obesity or malnutrition (such as BMI and other anthropometric indices) have been developed or tested for validity, reliability or feasibility, and how do these measures compare with one another? Include studies from any setting, so that measures that could be used in primary care are not missed.

DoneStarted Oct 28, 2026, 21:47 UTCFinished Oct 28, 2026, 21:48 UTC

Stages

  1. Finding the known studies(done)
  2. Drafting(done)
  3. Checking MeSH(done)
  4. Counting in PubMed(done)
  5. Checking known studies(done)
  6. Comparing with the reference(done)
  7. Run Search(done)
  8. Saving(done)
Run log (20)
  1. Finding the known studies: No known studies were given
  2. Drafting: Drafting concepts and terms
  3. Checking MeSH: Checking every MeSH heading, Supplementary Concept and publication type against NLM
  4. Counting in PubMed: Running 13 lines on PubMed
  5. Line 4: 1,675,726 records
  6. Line 1: 4,358,818 records
  7. Line 3: 5,166,584 records
  8. Line 5: 1,216,920 records
  9. Line 6: 2,258,158 records
  10. Line 7: 1,245,561 records
  11. Line 8: 2,601,957 records
  12. Line 11: 4,884,955 records
  13. Line 9: 3,270,159 records
  14. Line 10: 49,587 records
  15. Line 2: 2,902,874 records
  16. Line 13: 26,946 records
  17. Line 12: 48,781 records
  18. Run Search: Fetching the first 20 records
  19. Saving: Saving the run
  20. Finished.

Final count (line 13)

26,946

Open in PubMed (opens in a new tab)
Query as run (3,064 characters)(((("Child"[Mesh] OR "Adolescent"[Mesh] OR "Infant"[Mesh] OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh]) OR (child*[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR pediatric*[tiab] OR paediatric*[tiab] OR infant*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR youth*[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab])) AND (("Diet"[Mesh] OR "Eating"[Mesh] OR "Energy Intake"[Mesh] OR "Feeding Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Nutrition Assessment"[Mesh] OR "Diet Surveys"[Mesh] OR "Diet Records"[Mesh] OR "Nutritional Status"[Mesh] OR "Exercise"[Mesh] OR "Sedentary Behavior"[Mesh] OR "Physical Fitness"[Mesh] OR "Accelerometry"[Mesh] OR "Actigraphy"[Mesh] OR "Fitness Trackers"[Mesh] OR "Pediatric Obesity"[Mesh] OR "Overweight"[Mesh] OR "Body Mass Index"[Mesh] OR "Anthropometry"[Mesh] OR "Waist Circumference"[Mesh] OR "Skinfold Thickness"[Mesh] OR "Waist-Height Ratio"[Mesh] OR "Body Composition"[Mesh] OR "Malnutrition"[Mesh] OR "Child Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Infant Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Thinness"[Mesh] OR "Growth Disorders"[Mesh]) OR ("dietary intake"[tiab] OR "food intake"[tiab] OR "nutrient intake*"[tiab] OR "diet quality"[tiab] OR "healthy eating index"[tiab] OR "dietary assessment"[tiab] OR "food frequency questionnaire*"[tiab] OR "dietary recall*"[tiab] OR "24-hour recall*"[tiab] OR "food record*"[tiab] OR "food diary"[tiab] OR "food diaries"[tiab] OR "eating behavio*"[tiab] OR "food environment*"[tiab] OR "feeding practices"[tiab] OR "food availability"[tiab] OR "physical activity"[tiab] OR "physical inactivity"[tiab] OR acceleromet*[tiab] OR pedometer*[tiab] OR sedentary[tiab] OR "screen time"[tiab] OR "cardiorespiratory fitness"[tiab] OR obesity[tiab] OR obese[tiab] OR overweight[tiab] OR adiposity[tiab] OR "body fat"[tiab] OR "body mass index"[tiab] OR BMI[tiab] OR anthropometr*[tiab] OR "waist circumference"[tiab] OR skinfold*[tiab] OR "bioelectrical impedance"[tiab] OR malnutrition[tiab] OR undernutrition[tiab] OR malnourish*[tiab] OR undernourish*[tiab] OR stunting[tiab] OR stunted[tiab] OR wasting[tiab] OR underweight[tiab] OR "mid-upper arm circumference"[tiab] OR MUAC[tiab] OR "weight-for-height"[tiab] OR "height-for-age"[tiab] OR "weight-for-age"[tiab] OR "growth chart*"[tiab])) AND (("Reproducibility of Results"[Mesh] OR "Psychometrics"[Mesh] OR "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Feasibility Studies"[Mesh] OR "Observer Variation"[Mesh] OR "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh] OR "Data Accuracy"[Mesh]) OR (validit*[tiab] OR validat*[tiab] OR reliabilit*[tiab] OR reproducibilit*[tiab] OR repeatabilit*[tiab] OR feasibilit*[tiab] OR psychometric*[tiab] OR "test-retest"[tiab] OR "inter-rater"[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR "intraclass correlation"[tiab] OR "Bland-Altman"[tiab] OR "measurement properties"[tiab] OR "measurement error"[tiab] OR accuracy[tiab] OR "method comparison"[tiab] OR "agreement between"[tiab]))) NOT ("Comment"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR "Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] OR "Preprint"[Publication Type])) AND english[la] AND 2015:2027[dp]

Known studies

No known studies were given, so recall was not checked.

Only studies the model never saw are counted. Finding known studies does not prove the search is complete.

Reference strategy

No reference strategy was given.

Search lines

Vocabulary terms are marked ✓︎ valid, ↪︎ mapped to the preferred heading, ✗︎ not found, ⚠︎ not checked.
Numbered search lines with their PubMed counts
No.SearchResults
1

Children and adolescents

"Child"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D002648) OR "Adolescent"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000293) OR "Infant"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D007223) OR "Pediatrics"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D010372)		4,358,818
2

Children and adolescents

child*[tiab] OR adolescen*[tiab] OR pediatric*[tiab] OR paediatric*[tiab] OR infant*[tiab] OR toddler*[tiab] OR preschool*[tiab] OR schoolchild*[tiab] OR youth*[tiab] OR teenager*[tiab] OR boys[tiab] OR girls[tiab]		2,902,874
3

Children and adolescents · block

1 OR 2		5,166,584
4

Nutrition, physical activity and weight status (obesity, malnutrition, anthropometry)

"Diet"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D004032) OR "Eating"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D004435) OR "Energy Intake"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D002149) OR "Feeding Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp] (MeSH heading valid: D005247) OR "Nutrition Assessment"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D015596) OR "Diet Surveys"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D004034) OR "Diet Records"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D015930) OR "Nutritional Status"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D009752) OR "Exercise"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D015444) OR "Sedentary Behavior"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D057185) OR "Physical Fitness"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D010809) OR "Accelerometry"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D061725) OR "Actigraphy"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D056044) OR "Fitness Trackers"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000072936) OR "Pediatric Obesity"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D063766) OR "Overweight"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D050177) OR "Body Mass Index"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D015992) OR "Anthropometry"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000886) OR "Waist Circumference"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D055105) OR "Skinfold Thickness"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D012885) OR "Waist-Height Ratio"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D065927) OR "Body Composition"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D001823) OR "Malnutrition"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D044342) OR "Child Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D015362) OR "Infant Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D007228) OR "Thinness"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D013851) OR "Growth Disorders"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D006130)		1,675,726
5

Nutrition, physical activity and weight status (obesity, malnutrition, anthropometry)

"dietary intake"[tiab] OR "food intake"[tiab] OR "nutrient intake*"[tiab] OR "diet quality"[tiab] OR "healthy eating index"[tiab] OR "dietary assessment"[tiab] OR "food frequency questionnaire*"[tiab] OR "dietary recall*"[tiab] OR "24-hour recall*"[tiab] OR "food record*"[tiab] OR "food diary"[tiab] OR "food diaries"[tiab] OR "eating behavio*"[tiab] OR "food environment*"[tiab] OR "feeding practices"[tiab] OR "food availability"[tiab] OR "physical activity"[tiab] OR "physical inactivity"[tiab] OR acceleromet*[tiab] OR pedometer*[tiab] OR sedentary[tiab] OR "screen time"[tiab] OR "cardiorespiratory fitness"[tiab] OR obesity[tiab] OR obese[tiab] OR overweight[tiab] OR adiposity[tiab] OR "body fat"[tiab] OR "body mass index"[tiab] OR BMI[tiab] OR anthropometr*[tiab] OR "waist circumference"[tiab] OR skinfold*[tiab] OR "bioelectrical impedance"[tiab] OR malnutrition[tiab] OR undernutrition[tiab] OR malnourish*[tiab] OR undernourish*[tiab] OR stunting[tiab] OR stunted[tiab] OR wasting[tiab] OR underweight[tiab] OR "mid-upper arm circumference"[tiab] OR MUAC[tiab] OR "weight-for-height"[tiab] OR "height-for-age"[tiab] OR "weight-for-age"[tiab] OR "growth chart*"[tiab]		1,216,920
6

Nutrition, physical activity and weight status (obesity, malnutrition, anthropometry) · block

4 OR 5		2,258,158
7

Measurement properties (validity, reliability, feasibility)

"Reproducibility of Results"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D015203) OR "Psychometrics"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D011594) OR "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D054928) OR "Feasibility Studies"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D005240) OR "Observer Variation"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D015588) OR "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D012680) OR "Data Accuracy"[Mesh] (MeSH heading valid: D000068598)		1,245,561
8

Measurement properties (validity, reliability, feasibility)

validit*[tiab] OR validat*[tiab] OR reliabilit*[tiab] OR reproducibilit*[tiab] OR repeatabilit*[tiab] OR feasibilit*[tiab] OR psychometric*[tiab] OR "test-retest"[tiab] OR "inter-rater"[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR "intraclass correlation"[tiab] OR "Bland-Altman"[tiab] OR "measurement properties"[tiab] OR "measurement error"[tiab] OR accuracy[tiab] OR "method comparison"[tiab] OR "agreement between"[tiab]		2,601,957
9

Measurement properties (validity, reliability, feasibility) · block

7 OR 8		3,270,159
10

combined

3 AND 6 AND 9		49,587
11

excluded

"Comment"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016420) OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016421) OR "Letter"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D016422) OR "Case Reports"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D002363) OR "Preprint"[Publication Type] (publication type valid: D000076942)		4,884,955
12

exclusions removed

10 NOT 11		48,781
13Final

limits

12 AND english[la] AND 2015:2027[dp]		26,946

Issues

0 errors, 2 warnings, 0 notes
  • Warning: Language limit (english): it can remove relevant studies; report and justify it.
  • Warning: Publication types excluded with NOT (Comment, Editorial, Letter, Case Reports, Preprint): report and justify the exclusion.

First records

The first 20 of the final line's records, as PubMed sorts them.
  1. Building a Sustainable Teen Wellness Curriculum in a Faith-Based Community Setting : A Six-Year Program Evaluation in Wilmington, Delaware. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Nathaniel SD, Innasimuthu M, Gnanaguruparan S · Delaware journal of public health · 2026 · PMID 42948496

  2. Associations of nutritional status and oral health-related quality of life with early childhood caries of children aged 4-5 years: a hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Nadeeshani H, Narada M, Gunawardena S et al. · Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42947271

  3. Cross-group and longitudinal measurement invariance of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire-24G in middle childhood. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Ruden JC, Warschburger P · Journal of eating disorders · 2026 · PMID 42947253

  4. Patterns of attentional and recognition-memory processing of emotional information among Chinese middle school students with different exercise volumes. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Chen K, Wang P · BMC psychology · 2026 · PMID 42947242

  5. Effects of school-based nutrition education on self-efficacy, attitudes, food behaviors, and health in children. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Terzi M, Ergan K, Demirkesen-Bicak H · BMC pediatrics · 2026 · PMID 42947061

  6. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Children. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Yodoshi T, Xanthakos S · Clinics in liver disease · 2026 · PMID 42946529

  7. Validation of the Healthy Complementary Feeding Practices Index: A Novel Approach for Assessing Infant Feeding in Mexico. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Tercero-Gómez F, Ramírez-Silva I, Rivera JA et al. · Archives of medical research · 2026 · PMID 42945754

  8. Bridging the gap: Implementing BRIDGES (Brussels Resilience and Inclusion for Depression - Guidance, Exercise and Support) to shape adolescent outpatient mental health care. A pilot randomized controlled study protocol. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Philippot A, Ibanez I, Coppens M et al. · PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42945193

  9. Refining a Multicomponent Family-Based Health Education Package to Reduce Screen Time Among School-Aged Children: Qualitative Formative Evaluation With Parents and Caregivers. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Zhou M, Yan Y, Sun S et al. · JMIR formative research · 2026 · PMID 42945149

  10. Paediatric Fentanyl Population Pharmacokinetics: A Scoping Review of Published Models. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Hughes JJ, Nam GK, Stokes MA et al. · Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026 · PMID 42944973

  11. The Preterm Brain Is Also What It Eats: A Systematic Review of Nutrition and Neuroimaging Outcomes in Preterm Infants. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Canepa ME, Prefumo F, Biagioli V et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42942963

  12. School-Based Rescued Produce Distribution, and Changes in Parental Fruit Intake and Household Dietary Behaviors: A Non-Randomized Controlled Cluster Trial. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Hod-Ovadia S, Kilzi M, Factor H et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42942926

  13. Social Dynamics Are Associated with Plant-Based Dietary Consumption Patterns Among Rural Adults in the U.S. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Alvirdizadeh S, Abdul-Rahaman S, Seguin-Fowler RA et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42942917

  14. New Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: Acceptability, Tolerability, and Short-Term Adherence in a Paediatric Cohort with IMDs. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Tosi M, Evans S, Yilmaz Nas O et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42942880

  15. Foot Posture Outweighs Habitual Footwear in Discriminating Concurrent Lower-Limb Pain in Children: A Cross-Sectional Interpretable Machine-Learning Study. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Büyükçelebi H, Açak M, Eken Ö et al. · Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42942225

  16. Maternal Circulating Angiogenic Biomarkers for Predicting Fetal Growth Restriction and Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth Without Preeclampsia. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Kim MA, Lee E, Lee HS et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PMID 42941923

  17. From Type 2 Inflammation to Mucociliary Dysfunction: Individualized Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Children with Asthma and Bronchiectasis. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Vidrighin A, Jugănaru I, Iovin VC et al. · Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42940748

  18. Children's Perception of Parental Body Size and Its Association with Their Desire to Be Like the Parent. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Kurt AK, Karakullukçu S · Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42940723

  19. Overlap of Subcutaneous Adiposity Across World Health Organization Body Mass Index-for-Age Categories and Anthropometric Correlates of Handgrip Strength in Children Aged 6-12 Years Participating in Organised Club Sport in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Giménez MJ, Herrera-Amante CA, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R et al. · Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42940677

  20. Orthorexia Symptoms in Adolescents: Associations with Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance and Body Composition. (PubMed, opens in a new tab)

    Kiciak A, Staśkiewicz W, Kuczka-Marek N et al. · Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42940674

Export

Strategy (.txt)PMIDs (.txt)MEDLINE (.txt)Provenance (.json)

The strategy file has the numbered lines with counts, the search date and the AI-use statement. MEDLINE holds the first 2,000 records. PMIDs and MEDLINE are fetched from PubMed when you download, so they reflect PubMed today.

Checking PubMed for the current list of PMIDs…

Objective and notes from the draft

To identify measures of nutrition (dietary intake, diet quality, home food environment), physical activity, and obesity or malnutrition (BMI and other anthropometric indices) in children and adolescents under 18 years that have been developed or tested for validity, reliability or feasibility in any setting, and to compare these measures with one another.

  • The three ideas of the question (children, the nutrition/physical activity/weight-status domain, and measurement properties) are each a required block; the domain block deliberately ORs nutrition, physical activity and anthropometry so that one search covers all three measurement areas.
  • No setting concept was added because the question asks for studies from any setting; primary care is therefore not searched as a separate idea.
  • Generic instrument words (measure, tool, questionnaire, instrument) were left out because the measurement-property block already restricts to validation, reliability and feasibility studies and these words would add little precision.
  • Bare 'wasting' may retrieve some muscle-wasting records; it was kept because it is a standard child malnutrition indicator and the other blocks limit noise.
  • Validation Study is a publication type and could be added by the searcher as an extra term of the measurement-property block if more sensitivity is wanted.

Edit the strategy

Changes are not searched until you recount. Each recount is saved as a new version.

Children and adolescentsPopulation

5,166,584 records · 16 of 16 terms on

  • MeSH valid: D002648AI

    "Child"[Mesh]

    Age heading covering children 2 to 12 years, including preschool children.

  • MeSH valid: D000293AI

    "Adolescent"[Mesh]

    Age heading covering 13 to 18 years.

  • MeSH valid: D007223AI

    "Infant"[Mesh]

    Age heading for children under 2 years, since the review covers all ages under 18.

  • MeSH valid: D010372AI

    "Pediatrics"[Mesh]

    Captures records indexed to paediatric practice, including primary care paediatrics.

  • TextAI

    child*[tiab]

    Covers child, children, childhood.

    Fields to search for child
  • TextAI

    adolescen*[tiab]

    Covers adolescent, adolescents, adolescence.

    Fields to search for adolescen
  • TextAI

    pediatric*[tiab]

    American spelling of paediatric and its plurals.

    Fields to search for pediatric
  • TextAI

    paediatric*[tiab]

    British spelling of pediatric.

    Fields to search for paediatric
  • TextAI

    infant*[tiab]

    Infants and infancy.

    Fields to search for infant
  • TextAI

    toddler*[tiab]

    Toddlers are often named instead of children.

    Fields to search for toddler
  • TextAI

    preschool*[tiab]

    Preschool children and preschoolers.

    Fields to search for preschool
  • TextAI

    schoolchild*[tiab]

    Joined form schoolchildren used in school-based studies.

    Fields to search for schoolchild
  • TextAI

    youth*[tiab]

    Youth and youths, common in physical activity research.

    Fields to search for youth
  • TextAI

    teenager*[tiab]

    Synonym for adolescents.

    Fields to search for teenager
  • TextAI

    boys[tiab]

    Studies sometimes describe samples only as boys.

    Fields to search for boys
  • TextAI

    girls[tiab]

    Studies sometimes describe samples only as girls.

    Fields to search for girls
Fields to search

Nutrition, physical activity and weight status (obesity, malnutrition, anthropometry)Exposure

2,258,158 records · 75 of 75 terms on · 38 suggestions off

  • MeSH valid: D004032AI

    "Diet"[Mesh]

    Dietary intake and patterns, including healthy diet and diet quality.

  • MeSH valid: D004435AI

    "Eating"[Mesh]

    Food intake behaviour.

  • MeSH valid: D002149AI

    "Energy Intake"[Mesh]

    Energy intake is a core dietary measurement target.

  • MeSH valid: D005247AI

    "Feeding Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp]

    Eating and feeding behaviour without the narrower animal and specialised headings.

  • MeSH valid: D015596AI

    "Nutrition Assessment"[Mesh]

    Heading for nutritional assessment methods.

  • MeSH valid: D004034AI

    "Diet Surveys"[Mesh]

    Food frequency questionnaires and dietary surveys.

  • MeSH valid: D015930AI

    "Diet Records"[Mesh]

    Food diaries and dietary records.

  • MeSH valid: D009752AI

    "Nutritional Status"[Mesh]

    Assessment of nutritional status in children.

  • MeSH valid: D015444AI

    "Exercise"[Mesh]

    Physical activity heading.

  • MeSH valid: D057185AI

    "Sedentary Behavior"[Mesh]

    Sedentary time and screen time are measured alongside physical activity.

  • MeSH valid: D010809AI

    "Physical Fitness"[Mesh]

    Fitness measures often accompany physical activity measurement.

  • MeSH valid: D061725AI

    "Accelerometry"[Mesh]

    Objective device-based physical activity measurement.

  • MeSH valid: D056044AI

    "Actigraphy"[Mesh]

    Wrist-worn activity monitoring.

  • MeSH valid: D000072936AI

    "Fitness Trackers"[Mesh]

    Consumer wearables tested as activity measures.

  • MeSH valid: D063766AI

    "Pediatric Obesity"[Mesh]

    Obesity in children.

  • MeSH valid: D050177AI

    "Overweight"[Mesh]

    Overweight and obesity, exploded.

  • MeSH valid: D015992AI

    "Body Mass Index"[Mesh]

    Main anthropometric index of weight status.

  • MeSH valid: D000886AI

    "Anthropometry"[Mesh]

    Anthropometric measurement methods.

  • MeSH valid: D055105AI

    "Waist Circumference"[Mesh]

    Anthropometric index of central adiposity.

  • MeSH valid: D012885AI

    "Skinfold Thickness"[Mesh]

    Anthropometric index of body fat.

  • MeSH valid: D065927AI

    "Waist-Height Ratio"[Mesh]

    Anthropometric index used in children.

  • MeSH valid: D001823AI

    "Body Composition"[Mesh]

    Body fat and composition measures used as criterion or alternative measures.

  • MeSH valid: D044342AI

    "Malnutrition"[Mesh]

    Undernutrition including protein-energy malnutrition.

  • MeSH valid: D015362AI

    "Child Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh]

    Nutrition disorders specific to children.

  • MeSH valid: D007228AI

    "Infant Nutrition Disorders"[Mesh]

    Nutrition disorders specific to infants.

  • MeSH valid: D013851AI

    "Thinness"[Mesh]

    Thinness and underweight in children.

  • MeSH valid: D006130AI

    "Growth Disorders"[Mesh]

    Covers stunting and growth faltering.

  • TextAI

    "dietary intake"[tiab]

    Core nutrition measurement target.

    Fields to search for dietary intake
  • TextAI

    "food intake"[tiab]

    Synonym of dietary intake.

    Fields to search for food intake
  • TextAI

    "nutrient intake*"[tiab]

    Nutrient intake or intakes.

    Fields to search for nutrient intake
  • TextAI

    "diet quality"[tiab]

    Named construct in the question.

    Fields to search for diet quality
  • TextAI

    "healthy eating index"[tiab]

    Widely used diet quality index.

    Fields to search for healthy eating index
  • TextAI

    "dietary assessment"[tiab]

    Generic name for diet measurement methods.

    Fields to search for dietary assessment
  • TextAI

    "food frequency questionnaire*"[tiab]

    Most common dietary instrument tested for validity.

    Fields to search for food frequency questionnaire
  • TextAI

    "dietary recall*"[tiab]

    24-hour and other dietary recalls.

    Fields to search for dietary recall
  • TextAI

    "24-hour recall*"[tiab]

    Reference dietary method often worded this way.

    Fields to search for 24-hour recall
  • TextAI

    "food record*"[tiab]

    Food records used as test or reference method.

    Fields to search for food record
  • TextAI

    "food diary"[tiab]

    Synonym of food record.

    Fields to search for food diary
  • TextAI

    "food diaries"[tiab]

    Plural form of food diary.

    Fields to search for food diaries
  • TextAI

    "eating behavio*"[tiab]

    Eating behaviour or behavior, British and American spellings.

    Fields to search for eating behavio
  • TextAI

    "food environment*"[tiab]

    Home food environment is named in the question and has no heading.

    Fields to search for food environment
  • TextAI

    "feeding practices"[tiab]

    Parental feeding practices are part of the home food environment.

    Fields to search for feeding practices
  • TextAI

    "food availability"[tiab]

    Home food availability is a common environment measure.

    Fields to search for food availability
  • TextAI

    "physical activity"[tiab]

    Core construct named in the question.

    Fields to search for physical activity
  • TextAI

    "physical inactivity"[tiab]

    Inverse framing of physical activity.

    Fields to search for physical inactivity
  • TextAI

    acceleromet*[tiab]

    Accelerometer and accelerometry.

    Fields to search for acceleromet
  • TextAI

    pedometer*[tiab]

    Step-count devices.

    Fields to search for pedometer
  • TextAI

    sedentary[tiab]

    Sedentary time and behaviour.

    Fields to search for sedentary
  • TextAI

    "screen time"[tiab]

    Sedentary behaviour measure in children.

    Fields to search for screen time
  • TextAI

    "cardiorespiratory fitness"[tiab]

    Fitness measure tested with activity instruments.

    Fields to search for cardiorespiratory fitness
  • TextAI

    obesity[tiab]

    Weight status named in the question.

    Fields to search for obesity
  • TextAI

    obese[tiab]

    Adjective form; the stem is too short to truncate.

    Fields to search for obese
  • TextAI

    overweight[tiab]

    Weight status category.

    Fields to search for overweight
  • TextAI

    adiposity[tiab]

    Body fatness term common in validation studies.

    Fields to search for adiposity
  • TextAI

    "body fat"[tiab]

    Body fat measures compared with BMI.

    Fields to search for body fat
  • TextAI

    "body mass index"[tiab]

    Main anthropometric index.

    Fields to search for body mass index
  • TextAI

    BMI[tiab]

    Unambiguous abbreviation of body mass index.

    Fields to search for BMI
  • TextAI

    anthropometr*[tiab]

    Anthropometry and anthropometric.

    Fields to search for anthropometr
  • TextAI

    "waist circumference"[tiab]

    Anthropometric index.

    Fields to search for waist circumference
  • TextAI

    skinfold*[tiab]

    Skinfold and skinfolds.

    Fields to search for skinfold
  • TextAI

    "bioelectrical impedance"[tiab]

    Body composition method compared with anthropometry.

    Fields to search for bioelectrical impedance
  • TextAI

    malnutrition[tiab]

    Weight status named in the question.

    Fields to search for malnutrition
  • TextAI

    undernutrition[tiab]

    Synonym of malnutrition.

    Fields to search for undernutrition
  • TextAI

    malnourish*[tiab]

    Malnourished and malnourishment.

    Fields to search for malnourish
  • TextAI

    undernourish*[tiab]

    Undernourished and undernourishment.

    Fields to search for undernourish
  • TextAI

    stunting[tiab]

    Chronic undernutrition indicator.

    Fields to search for stunting
  • TextAI

    stunted[tiab]

    Adjective form of stunting.

    Fields to search for stunted
  • TextAI

    wasting[tiab]

    Acute undernutrition indicator.

    Fields to search for wasting
  • TextAI

    underweight[tiab]

    Weight status category.

    Fields to search for underweight
  • TextAI

    "mid-upper arm circumference"[tiab]

    Anthropometric screening measure for malnutrition.

    Fields to search for mid-upper arm circumference
  • TextAI

    MUAC[tiab]

    Unambiguous abbreviation of mid-upper arm circumference.

    Fields to search for MUAC
  • TextAI

    "weight-for-height"[tiab]

    Anthropometric index.

    Fields to search for weight-for-height
  • TextAI

    "height-for-age"[tiab]

    Anthropometric index for stunting.

    Fields to search for height-for-age
  • TextAI

    "weight-for-age"[tiab]

    Anthropometric index for underweight.

    Fields to search for weight-for-age
  • TextAI

    "growth chart*"[tiab]

    Growth references used to classify weight status.

    Fields to search for growth chart
Suggested MeSH entry terms (38, off)
  • TextEntry term

    "Food Patterns"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diet" (D004032)

    Fields to search for Food Patterns
  • TextEntry term

    "Dietary Pattern"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diet" (D004032)

    Fields to search for Dietary Pattern
  • TextEntry term

    "Dietary Patterns"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diet" (D004032)

    Fields to search for Dietary Patterns
  • TextEntry term

    Ingestion[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Eating" (D004435)

    Fields to search for Ingestion
  • TextEntry term

    "Macronutrient Intake"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Eating" (D004435)

    Fields to search for Macronutrient Intake
  • TextEntry term

    "Micronutrient Intake"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Eating" (D004435)

    Fields to search for Micronutrient Intake
  • TextEntry term

    "Caloric Intake"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Energy Intake" (D002149)

    Fields to search for Caloric Intake
  • TextEntry term

    "Calorie Intake"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Energy Intake" (D002149)

    Fields to search for Calorie Intake
  • TextEntry term

    "Feeding-Related Behavior"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Feeding Behavior" (D005247)

    Fields to search for Feeding-Related Behavior
  • TextEntry term

    "Feeding Patterns"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Feeding Behavior" (D005247)

    Fields to search for Feeding Patterns
  • TextEntry term

    "Food Habits"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Feeding Behavior" (D005247)

    Fields to search for Food Habits
  • TextEntry term

    "Dietary Habits"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Feeding Behavior" (D005247)

    Fields to search for Dietary Habits
  • TextEntry term

    "Faith-based Dietary Restrictions"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Feeding Behavior" (D005247)

    Fields to search for Faith-based Dietary Restrictions
  • TextEntry term

    "Eating Habits"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Food Habits" under the MeSH heading "Feeding Behavior" (D005247)

    Fields to search for Eating Habits
  • TextEntry term

    "Nutrition Assessments"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Nutrition Assessment" (D015596)

    Fields to search for Nutrition Assessments
  • TextEntry term

    "Nutritional Assessment"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Nutrition Assessment" (D015596)

    Fields to search for Nutritional Assessment
  • TextEntry term

    "Mini Nutritional Assessment"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Nutrition Assessment" (D015596)

    Fields to search for Mini Nutritional Assessment
  • TextEntry term

    "Mini Nutrition Assessment"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Mini Nutritional Assessment" under the MeSH heading "Nutrition Assessment" (D015596)

    Fields to search for Mini Nutrition Assessment
  • TextEntry term

    "Dietary Records"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Diet Records" (D015930)

    Fields to search for Dietary Records
  • TextEntry term

    "Nutrition Status"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Nutritional Status" (D009752)

    Fields to search for Nutrition Status
  • TextEntry term

    "Acute Exercise"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Exercise" (D015444)

    Fields to search for Acute Exercise
  • TextEntry term

    "Aerobic Exercise"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Exercise, Aerobic" under the MeSH heading "Exercise" (D015444)

    Fields to search for Aerobic Exercise
  • TextEntry term

    "Isometric Exercise"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Exercise, Isometric" under the MeSH heading "Exercise" (D015444)

    Fields to search for Isometric Exercise
  • TextEntry term

    "Active Breaks"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Exercise" (D015444)

    Fields to search for Active Breaks
  • TextEntry term

    "Activity Breaks"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Active Breaks" under the MeSH heading "Exercise" (D015444)

    Fields to search for Activity Breaks
  • TextEntry term

    Sedentariness[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Sedentary Behavior" (D057185)

    Fields to search for Sedentariness
  • TextEntry term

    "Reclining Position"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Sedentary Behavior" (D057185)

    Fields to search for Reclining Position
  • TextEntry term

    "Lack of Exercise"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Physical Inactivity" under the MeSH heading "Sedentary Behavior" (D057185)

    Fields to search for Lack of Exercise
  • TextEntry term

    "Personal Fitness Trackers"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Fitness Trackers" (D000072936)

    Fields to search for Personal Fitness Trackers
  • TextEntry term

    "Physical Fitness Trackers"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Fitness Trackers" (D000072936)

    Fields to search for Physical Fitness Trackers
  • TextEntry term

    "Quetelet Index"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Body Mass Index" (D015992)

    Fields to search for Quetelet Index
  • TextEntry term

    "Quetelet's Index"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Body Mass Index" (D015992)

    Fields to search for Quetelet's Index
  • TextEntry term

    "Height-Weight Ratio"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Waist-Height Ratio" (D065927)

    Fields to search for Height-Weight Ratio
  • TextEntry term

    "Waist to Height Ratio"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Waist-Height Ratio" (D065927)

    Fields to search for Waist to Height Ratio
  • TextEntry term

    "Nutritional Deficiency"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Malnutrition" (D044342)

    Fields to search for Nutritional Deficiency
  • TextEntry term

    "Child Overnutrition"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Child Nutrition Disorders" (D015362)

    Fields to search for Child Overnutrition
  • TextEntry term

    "Infant Overnutrition"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Infant Nutrition Disorders" (D007228)

    Fields to search for Infant Overnutrition
  • TextEntry term

    Leanness[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Thinness" (D013851)

    Fields to search for Leanness
Fields to search

Measurement properties (validity, reliability, feasibility)Outcome

3,270,159 records · 24 of 24 terms on · 9 suggestions off

  • MeSH valid: D015203AI

    "Reproducibility of Results"[Mesh]

    Main heading for reliability and validity.

  • MeSH valid: D011594AI

    "Psychometrics"[Mesh]

    Psychometric evaluation of questionnaires.

  • MeSH valid: D054928AI

    "Validation Studies as Topic"[Mesh]

    Records about validation studies.

  • MeSH valid: D005240AI

    "Feasibility Studies"[Mesh]

    Feasibility is named in the question.

  • MeSH valid: D015588AI

    "Observer Variation"[Mesh]

    Inter- and intra-observer reliability of measurements.

  • MeSH valid: D012680AI

    "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh]

    Diagnostic accuracy of anthropometric screening measures.

  • MeSH valid: D000068598AI

    "Data Accuracy"[Mesh]

    Accuracy of reported or measured data.

  • TextAI

    validit*[tiab]

    Validity and validities.

    Fields to search for validit
  • TextAI

    validat*[tiab]

    Validation, validated, validating.

    Fields to search for validat
  • TextAI

    reliabilit*[tiab]

    Reliability and reliabilities.

    Fields to search for reliabilit
  • TextAI

    reproducibilit*[tiab]

    Reproducibility of a measure.

    Fields to search for reproducibilit
  • TextAI

    repeatabilit*[tiab]

    Repeatability of a measure.

    Fields to search for repeatabilit
  • TextAI

    feasibilit*[tiab]

    Feasibility named in the question.

    Fields to search for feasibilit
  • TextAI

    psychometric*[tiab]

    Psychometric properties and psychometrics.

    Fields to search for psychometric
  • TextAI

    "test-retest"[tiab]

    Common reliability design.

    Fields to search for test-retest
  • TextAI

    "inter-rater"[tiab]

    Inter-rater reliability of measurements.

    Fields to search for inter-rater
  • TextAI

    interrater[tiab]

    Joined form of inter-rater.

    Fields to search for interrater
  • TextAI

    "intraclass correlation"[tiab]

    Statistic reported in reliability studies.

    Fields to search for intraclass correlation
  • TextAI

    "Bland-Altman"[tiab]

    Agreement analysis used in method-comparison studies.

    Fields to search for Bland-Altman
  • TextAI

    "measurement properties"[tiab]

    COSMIN wording for validity and reliability.

    Fields to search for measurement properties
  • TextAI

    "measurement error"[tiab]

    Measurement error assessment.

    Fields to search for measurement error
  • TextAI

    accuracy[tiab]

    Diagnostic accuracy of BMI and other screening indices.

    Fields to search for accuracy
  • TextAI

    "method comparison"[tiab]

    Studies comparing measures with one another.

    Fields to search for method comparison
  • TextAI

    "agreement between"[tiab]

    Phrase used when comparing two measures.

    Fields to search for agreement between
Suggested MeSH entry terms (9, off)
  • TextEntry term

    "Observer Bias"[tiab]

    Synonym of the MeSH heading "Observer Variation" (D015588)

    Fields to search for Observer Bias
  • TextEntry term

    "Interobserver Variation"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Observer Variation" (D015588)

    Fields to search for Interobserver Variation
  • TextEntry term

    "Intraobserver Variation"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Observer Variation" (D015588)

    Fields to search for Intraobserver Variation
  • TextEntry term

    "Inter-Observer Variation"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Interobserver Variation" under the MeSH heading "Observer Variation" (D015588)

    Fields to search for Inter-Observer Variation
  • TextEntry term

    "Intra-Observer Variation"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Intraobserver Variation" under the MeSH heading "Observer Variation" (D015588)

    Fields to search for Intra-Observer Variation
  • TextEntry term

    "Interobserver Variability"[tiab]

    Narrower concept "Interobserver Variation" under the MeSH heading "Observer Variation" (D015588)

    Fields to search for Interobserver Variability
  • TextEntry term

    Sensitivity[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Sensitivity and Specificity" (D012680)

    Fields to search for Sensitivity
  • TextEntry term

    Specificity[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Sensitivity and Specificity" (D012680)

    Fields to search for Specificity
  • TextEntry term

    "Data Quality"[tiab]

    Narrower concept under the MeSH heading "Data Accuracy" (D000068598)

    Fields to search for Data Quality
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Limits

Publication types to exclude

Each one is checked against MeSH publication types before it is added.

  • Comment
  • Editorial
  • Letter
  • Case Reports
  • Preprint

No changes.